Identification of components of essential oil from Cananga odorata which penetrated into the rat skin /(wistar strain) in the practice of Timung (development of Timung as alternative healing) Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY

  The Anti-proliferation Assay of Bioact ive…………

  

PROCEEDING

The International Conference on Pharmacy

and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  

Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2009

Editors :

  

Pudjono

Hilda Ismail

Ronny Martien

Triana Hertiani

Ritmaleni

  Proceeding International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  63 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2009 The Anti- proliferation Assay of Bioactive…………

  Published by: Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISBN : 978-979-95107-7-8

First Edition, 2010

  

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or

transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of

the publisher, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,

Indonesia.

No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to

persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise,

or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas

contained in the material herein.

Printed in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

  Proceeding International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  64 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2009

Preface from the Editor

  

The proceeding was produced based on papers and posters presented at the

international Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences, held in

Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 5 – 6 October 2009.

The proceeding clearly reflects broad interest; from there are participants coming from

all around the world. Many contributions on Pharmaceutical Sciences there are quite a

substantial number of papers on Pharmacist role in general. The papers presented file

into a broad spectrum in Pharmaceutical sciences including Pharmacology, Toxicology,

Analytical Chemistry and Drug Design, Drugs Synthesis, Formulation of Drugs,

Pharmacy Social, Pharmacoepidemy, Traditional Medicine Natural Product Chemistry

and Phytochemistry, etc.

In addition there are substantial numbers of paper deal with professional aspect of

Pharmacist in general health care.

  

In this an opportunity, I would like to express my appreciation to the editorial team of

the proceeding who have been working hard to review manuscripts, and making the

first edition of this proceeding be possible.

I would like also to thanks to all invited speakers and presenters who participated in

the International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and

your contribution to this proceeding.

Finally, I hope this proceeding will give contribution to the advanced scientific research

in the field of pharmaceutical sciences Yogyakarta, July 2010 Dr. rer. nat. Pudjono, SU., Apt.

  Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences i

  

Organizing Committee

Steering committee

  

Prof. Dr. Marchaban, DESS, Apt (Pharmacy, UGM, INDONESIA)

Prof. Dr. Umar Anggara Jenie, M.Sc.,Apt (LIPI, INDONESIA)

Prof. Dr. Retno S. Sudibyo, M.Sc.,Apt. (Pharmacy, UGM, INDONESIA)

Prof. Dr. Syed Azhar S. Sulaiman (USM, MALAYSIA)

  

Prof. Masashi Kawaichi, Ph.D (NAIST JAPAN)

Dr. Edy Meiyanto, M.Si., Apt (CCRC, UGM INDONESIA)

Prof. Dr. Zullies Ikawati, Apt (Pharmacy, UGM, INDONESIA)

  

Chairman

Dr. Hilda Ismail, M.Si., Apt.

  

Secretary

Dr. rer. nat. Ronny Martien, M.Si

  

Treasurer

Dr. Ratna Asmah S., M.Si., Apt

  

Scientific Committee

Prof. Dr. Sismindari, SU., Apt.

  

Prof. Dr. Lukman Hakim,M.Sc., Apt

Prof. Dr. Suwidjijo Pramono, Apt.

  

Prof. Dr. Suwaldi, M.Sc., Apt

Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences ii

Welcome Message From the committee

  Welcome to Yogyakarta

On behalf of the Scientific and Organizing Committees, it is a great pleasure for me to welcome

all participants to Yogyakarta, to the International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced

Pharmaceutical Science 2009. th

  

The international conference is organized by the faculty of Pharmacy UGM to celebrate its 63

anniversary and the Lustrum XII of Gadjah Mada University, as a collaboration work between

the Faculty of Pharmacy UGM with the Nara Institute of Science and Technology (Japan) and

the Universiti Sains Malaysia (Malaysia). In this conference 15 lectures within the field of

Pharmaceutical Care and Advanced Pharmaceutical Science will be given by invited speakers.

Besides, 55 posters and 75 paper will be presented in the parallels presentation sessions.

Herewith, we express our gratitude to all speakers and presenter, who would like to share

their advance knowledge in this scientific event.

  

The Organizing Committee gratefully acknowledges the Nara Institute of Science and

Technology and the Universiti Sains Malyasia, for the nice collaboration in bringing forth this

conference. A special acknowledgment is addressed to the Rector of Gadjah Mada University

and the sponsors, for all supports that make this symposium possible. Furthermore,

personally, I want to express my deep appreciation to the members of the Organizing

Committee, for the good teamwork and their great effort given in the preparation for this

symposium.

Finally, I wish all participants a scientifically rewarding and an enjoyable meeting in Yogyakarta.

Chairman Dr. Hilda Ismail, M.Si., Apt.

  Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences iii

Remark of the Dean Faculty Assalamu’alaikum wr. wb

  Distinguished ladies & gentlemen.

First of all, on be half of the Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, I would like come

to all of you in Yogyakarta, thank you very much for your attention to come and to attend the

international Symposium on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. I hope we are

all in health condition.

  Ladies and gentlemen,

The symposium is organized by the Faculty of Pharmacy UGM in collaboration with the Faculty

of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia and the Nara Institute of Science and

Technology Japan, and held as part to celebrate the 63th anniversary of the Faculty of

Pharmacy UGM.

In the symposium , I hope we can communicate our recently information concerning social /

clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. I hope the symposium will be very fruitfull,

very useful for all of us .

I addres special thanks to the plenary speakers both from domestic and aboard, the oral and

poster presenters, as well as to those who come just to know the development of clinical or

social pharmacy and pharmaceutical science. Your willingness to come , to communicate and

to share your experiences is highly appreciated.

  

Special thanks also I address to my colleague the Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy USM who has

been coordinating USM students to attend this symposium. The hope is not to set up

networking between the pharmacy students of USM and UGM.

Therefore, during almost whole day discussing scientific matter related to human health and

welfare, I hope we can make a wonderful opportunity to make a scientific closer relationship

while we enjoy the cultural performances of Yogyakarta presented by our pharmacy student.

Finally, I hope that this meeting will give benefits to all of us, and we may see each other again

in a similar event in the near future.

  I look forward to thank you all for attending this event.

  Wassalamu’alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh, Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy UGM Prof. Dr. Marchaban, DESS., Apt.

  Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences iv

Speech of the Senior Vice Rector For Education, Research and Community Services, Gadjah Mada University

  On behalf of the Rector, I would like to welcome all of you to our campus Gadjah Mada

University and to our home town Yogyakarta. It is a great honor for me and Gadjah Mada

University to host the Two-day International Conference on Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical

Sciences that is conducted by the Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University. The increasing

problems and new cases of some diseases in the world, both the infectious and the

degenerative diseases, have demanded the development of medical and pharmaceutical

sciences and technologies for supporting the developments of early detection methods of the

diseases, the accurate diagnoses, as well as the appropriate and effective medications or

therapy. Pharmaceutical Science and Technology have been developing very fast within recent

years. The development trend shows using much more biotechnological approach in both

diagnose establishment and medication administrations. For examples the usage of some

serums, enzymes, hormones, vaccines, etc., and their recombinant products. The science and

technology for finding prevention method against infectious diseases or degenerative diseases

now have been developing so amazing, for example the usage of growth hormones, vaccines,

and stem cells for it.

  Gadjah Mada University has been committed to become World Class University;

therefore international networking in education, research and publication is much needed. I

really support to this international conference on Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

which can keep us in touch with the state of the art of pharmaceutical science. I do believe

that by conducting this kind of international meeting, we can get and exchange new

information and best practices on pharmaceutical science and technology, and it is very

important to inspire our young researchers and enhance our research networking

internationally. In this occasion, I would like to express my great gratitude to all the guest

speakers and speakers, who have contributed their advanced presentations in this

international conference. I also would like to extend my gratitude to the Organizing Committee

from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, who has already successfully arranged

this international conference. I would also thank to all institutions or companies who have

sponsored and supported this conference. Finally, have a fruitful conference and enjoy Yogyakarta. Thank you Wassalamu’alaikum wa rahmatulLahi wa barakatuh, Senior Vice Rector for Education, Research and Community Service Gadjah Mada University Prof. Dr. Retno Sunarminingsih, M.Sc., Apt.

  Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences v

  The Anti- proliferation Assay of Bioactive…………

CONTENTS Preface from the Editor

  i

  Organizing Committee

  ii

  Welcome Message Proceeding International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  iii

  From the committee Remark of the Dean Facultyi

  v v

  Senior Vice Rector For Education CONTENT

  vi Pharmacogenetics : in case of cytochrome P450 oxidases (CYPS) related to adverse drug

  1

• – 4 reactions

  Arum Pratiwi, Harianto Lim and Ronny Martien

  Interaction of turmeric and garlic extract combination against free radical scavenging

  5

• – 6 activity

  Patonah, Daryono H. Tjahjono, Elin Yulinah S. and I Ketut Adnyana

  7 Influenced of Kojic Acid and Β-Cyclodextrin on SPF Value Sunscreen Product Contained – 14 Oxybenzone and Octyl Dimetyl Paba (3:7) (In vanishing cream base formulation)

  Diana, Tristiana Erawati, Widji Soeratri and Noorma Rosita

  Isolation and Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi Kabatiella caulivora var B isolated

  15

• – 17 from Alyxia reinwardtii BL

  Noor Erma Sugijanto, Dian Anggraeny and Noor Cholies Zaini

  Rapid and Simple Luciferase Reporter Gene Assays for the Discovery of Peroxisome

  18

• – 24 Proliferator-Activated Re ceptor α and γ Agonists and Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibitors from Medicinal Plants.

  N. Fakhrudin, S. Vogl, P. Picker, E. H. Heiss, J. Saukel, G. Reznicek, B. Kopp, A. G. Atanasov and V. M. Dirsch

  Identification of components of essential oil from Cananga odorata which penetrated into

  25

• – 29 the rat skin /(wistar strain) in the practice of Timung (development of Timung as alternative healing)

  Mangestuti Agil, Esti Hendradi and Budiastuti

  In Vivo Antihyperglycemic Test of Albedo Durian (Durio zibethinus M) Extract on Aloxan-

  30

• – 33 Induced Diabetic White Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

  34 Effect of Pasak Bumi’s Root (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) on Sperm Output in Rats – 37

  Farida Hayati and Mustofa

  Proceeding International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  65 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2009 The Anti- proliferation Assay of Bioactive………… The Influence of Arbutin 3% and Sesame Oil (3,5,7 % w/w) on SPF Values of Oxybenzon and

  38

• – 43 Padimate O (3:7% w/w) in carbomer Gel Base

  Noorma Rosita, Tristiana Erawati and Rafi Jikrona

  44 Sulochrin as α -glucosidase inhibitor lead compound – 48

  Rizna Triana Dewi, Ahmad Darmawan, Sofna D.S Banjarnahor, Hani Mulyani, Marisa Angelina and Minarti

  The Practice of Complementary Indigenous Malay Ther

  49 apies In Rural Areas: Do Users’ – 54 Attitudes, Beliefs And Perceptions Significantly Differ From Non-Users?

  Pei Lin Lua, Rohayu Izanwati Mohd Rawi, Suffian Mohamad Tajudin, Norlida Mamat and Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif

  An Interventional Pilot Study: Effect Of Dark Chocolate Consumption On Anxiety Level

  55

• – 62 Among Female Nursing Students

  Sok Yee Wong, Pei Lin Lua, Rohayu Izanwati Mohd Rawi, Rokiah Awang, Ahmad Zubaidi and Abdul Latif

  The Anti-proliferation Assay of Bioactive Fraction from Curcuma zedoaria Rhizome

  63

• – 67

  Ros Sumarny, Priyosoeryanto B. P., Ietje W., Latifah K. D. and Chairul

  Studies of Sub-acuteToxicity Assay from Acorus calamus L. in Experimental Animal Models

  68

• – 71

  Banjarnahor S.D.S, Sri Hartati and Megawati

  Antioxidant Properties and Phenolics Content of Mikania scandens L.(Wild)

  72

• – 77

  Sumi Wijaya, Ting Kang Nee, Khoo Teng Jin and Christophe Wiart

  The Influence of Olive Oil Addition on Increasing of Arbutin Penetration in the Carbomer-

  78

• – 81 940’s Gel (Observation on Inhibition of Enzyme Tyrosinase Activity)

  Widji Soeratri, Tristiana Erawati, Noorma Rosita and Fahriyatul Wahyuni

  The difference of antioxidant activity of various tea (Camellia sinensis L.) methanol extract

  82

• – 88

  Wahyu Widowati, Tati Herlina and Hana Ratnawati

  Chemical Stability of Cisplatin and Ondansetron During Simulation of hemotherapy

  89

• – 94 Administration

  Yahdiana Harahap, Rizka Andalusia and Armon Fernando

  The Effects of Cassava Starch (Manihot utilissima, Pohl.) as a Binder on Physicochemical

  95

• – 98 Characteristics of Acetaminophen Tablet Formulation

  Yandi Syukri, Tri Rahayu Ningsih and M. Hatta Prabawa

  Drug Interaction Study in Hospitalized Hepatic Cirrhosis Patient in Dr. Ramelan Navy

  99

• – 102 Hospital

  Amelia Lorensia, Aziz Hubeis, Widyati and Hary Bagijo

  The Effect of Cold Storage in Krebs-Henseleit Buffer in the Viability and Metabolic Activities 103

• – 110 of Precision Cut Intestinal Slices

  Dewi Setyaningsih, AA Khan and GMM Groothuis

  The Effect Of b-Cyclodextrin And Oxybenzone-Octyl Dimethyl Paba (3:7% W/W) Addition Proceeding International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  66 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2009

  The Anti- proliferation Assay of Bioactive………… On The Penetration Of Kojic Acid In Vanishing Cream (Based on Activity Inhibition of Tyrosinase)

  Diana Winarita, Tristiana Erawati, Noorma Rosita and Widji Soeratri 111

• – 116 The profile of knowledge and self-medication in handling cough symptoms by students of pharmacy at Airlangga university

  Elida Zairina, Liza Pristianty and Lestriana Kusumasari 117

• – 120 The Characteristics and Release of Diclofenac Sodium of Niosome System in Carbomer 940 Gel Base Preparation (Niosome System of Diclofenac Sodium-Span 60-Cholesterol with Molar Ratio 1:5 :5)

  121

• – 128

  Esti Hendradi, Tutiek Purwanti, Bety Nurfia Puspitarini and Bianda Ida Kurnia

  Red Betel Vine (Piper Crocatum) Essential Oil as Antituberculosis 128

• – 133

  Farida Juliantina Rachmawaty

  134 Effect of Pasak Bumi’s Root (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) on Sperm Output in Rats – 137

  Farida Hayati and Mustofa

  The Influence of Sesame Oil Addition on Arbutin Release from Carbomer-940 Gel Bases 138

• – 141

  Hanifa Rahma, Tristiana Erawati and Noorma Rosita

  Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Fractions from Ethyl 142

• – 145 Acetate Extract of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Leaf

  Hindra Rahmawati, Hesty Utami and Moordiani

  Study on Antihyperglicaemic Activitiy of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia 146

• – 152 L.) Stem onAlloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice (Mus musculus L.)

  Irma Ratna K, Muktiningsih, Suhartono, Natalia Elisabeht and Muhammad Ali Zulfikar

  The Influence of Arbutin and Olive Oil as an Enhancer in Characteristic and SPF Value of 153

• – 160 Sunscreen (Combination of Oxybenzone and Octyldimethyl Paba in Carbomer 940 Gel Base)

  Josephine Paramita Ayuningtyas, Tristiana Erawati, Noorma Rosita and Widji Soeratri

  The Effect of Secondary Emollients Triethylhexanoate, Isopropyl myristate, and 161

• – 165 Propyleneglycol Isostearate on in-vitro skin penetration of tocopheryl acetate cream using Franz-diffusion cell

  Joshita Djajadisastra, Sutriyo and Fraida Aryani

  Immunomodulatory activity of Plantago major L. on IgM titer of mice 166

• – 169

  Kartini, A. Kirtishanti, Dessy, Fauziah and Isnaini

  Antibacterial activities of Aleurites moluccana (Euphorbiaceae) 170

• – 178

  Othman Abd Samah and Rasyidah Mohamad Razar

  Total synthesis and revised structure of benzophenone glucopyranosides from phaleria 179

• – 185 macrocarpa

  Phebe Hendra, Yukiharu Fukushi and Yasuyuki Hashidoko

  Influence of Tween 80 Concentration in Carbomer/ Tween 80 Aggregate on Kojic Acid Proceeding International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  67 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2009 The Anti- proliferation Assay of Bioactive………… Penetration (Observed on Inhibiting Tyrosinase Activity in Vanishing Cream) 186

• – 191

  Siti Evi Jayanti, Tristiana Erawati and Noorma Rosita

  Validation for Result Degradation of Nifedipine Residue with Thin Layer Chromatography- Densitometry and Thin Layer Chromatography-Spectrophotometry 192

• – 195

  Sitti faika and Sudibyo Martono

  Synthesis and Biological Activity Test of Antibiotic UK-3 Analogues, 2-Hydroxynicotinyl- Butyl-Serine-Ester and Its Derivatives

  196

• – 198

  Ade Arsianti, Kiyomi Kakiuchi, Tsumoru Morimoto, M.Hanafi and Endang Saefudin

  Vitamin e content in the dragon fruit Established by high performance thin layer chromatography 199

• –densitometry
• – 204

  Any Guntarti and Warsi

  Drug interaction study in hospitalized hepatic cirrhosis patient in Dr. Ramelan navy hospital

  Amelia Lorensia, Aziz Hubeis, Widyati and Hary Bagijo 205

• – 208 PGV-1 inhibits G2M phase progression in WIDr colon cancer cell

  209

  

Endah Puji Septisetyani, Edy Meiyanto, Masashi Kawaichi and Muthi’ Ikawati – 212

  Proceeding International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences The influence of oleic acid pre-treatment on transport of epigallocathecin gallat in green 213

• – 215 tea (Camellia sinensis, L) extract Across mice skin in vitro

  Nining Sugihartini, Achmad Fudholi, Suwidjiyo Pramono and Sismindari

  Development and Production of Anti Tuberculosis Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) 216 Barokah Sri Utami, Syamsul Huda, Nurliya Irfiani and Badrus S.

• – 218 The Characteristics and Release of Diclofenac Sodium of Niosome System in Carbomer 940 Gel Base Preparation (Niosome System of Diclofenac Sodium-Span 60-Cholesterol with 219
• – 224 Molar Ratio 1:5 :5)

  Esti Hendradi, Tutiek Purwanti, Bety Nurfia Puspitarini and Bianda Ida Kurnia

  The Characteristics and Release of Diclofenac Sodium of Niosome System in Carbomer 940 Gel Base Preparation (Niosome System of Diclofenac Sodium-Span 20-Cholesterol with 225

• – 231 Molar Ratio 1:5 :5)

  Esti Hendradi, Tutiek Purwanti, Anditasari and Srimaryati

  An Interventional Pilot Study: Effect Of Dark Chocolate Consumption On Anxiety Level Among Female Nursing Students

  232

• – 239

  Sok Yee Wong, Pei Lin Lua, Rohayu Izanwati Mohd Rawi, Rokiah Awang and Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif

  240

• – 243 Antiemetics utilization in cancer patients with high emetogenic cytotoxic drugs in two govermental hospital in indonesia

  Dyah Aryani Perwitasari and Ana Hidayati

  244

  246 Proceeding International Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  68 Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2009

  I dentification of components of essential oil………

I de n t ifica t ion of com pon e nt s of e sse nt ia l oil fr om Ca n a nga odor a t a

w h ich pe n e t r a t e d in t o t h e r a t sk in / ( w ist a r st r a in ) in t he pr a ct ice of

Tim un g ( de ve lopm e n t of Tim u n g a s a lt e r n a t ive h e a lin g)

  1*

  2

  2 _1. Mangestuti Agil , Esti Hendradi , Budiastuti _2.

  Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University , Surabaya- I ndonesia. Production Manager of PT. Heptasari Unggul

Surabaya- I ndonesia

Abst r a ct

  Com ponent s of essent ial oil of cananga flowers ( Cananga odorat a ( Lam k) Hook F. &

  

Thom pson) from I ndonesia had been st udied for t heir penet rat ion abilit y int o t he skin of rat

  ( Wist ar st rain) in t he pract ice of Tim ung using m odified Tim ung apparat us. Com ponent s which penet rat ed int o t he rat skin were det erm ined using Gas Chrom at ography Mass Spect rom et ry ( GC- MS) and ident ified as p- m et hyl- anisole, Linalool- L, geraniol, eugenol, neril- aset at , t rans- ( β) - caryophyllene, ( + ) - arom adendrene, α- hum ulen, α- am orphen, germ acrene D, Germ acrene B, ( Z,E) - α- far nesen, Δ - cadinene. Com ponent s which penet rat ed int o t he recept or phase ( buffer phase) are p- m et hyl- anisol, linalool- L, t rans- geraniol, eugenol, benzyl alcohol, t rans- caryophyllene, α- hum ulene, germ acrane- D, ( Z,E) - α- farnesen, Δ - cadinene. I t can be concluded t hat com ponent s of Cananga Oil showed t he abilit y t o penet rat e int o t he skin in t he pract ice of Tim ung.

  Keywords : Cananga odorat a, essent ial oil, rat skin, Tim ung

I n t r odu ct ion

  Various indust ries are now looking int o sources of alt ernat ive m edicine, as it is m ore nat ural and environm ent ally friendly. The possibilit y of ut ilizing essent ial oils is now being invest igat ed. Alt hough t heir biological act ivit y have been known for cent uries, but t heir m ode of act ion was not fully underst ood.

  Tim ung is one of t radit ional healing pract ices. This m et hod has been used by Banj ar

  et hnic, Kalim ant an, I ndonesia, which used st eam ing of wat er wit h essent ial oil from arom at ic herbal m edicines ( Ant henas, 2003; Syaifullah, 2007) . As t he pract ice of t im ung is st ill popular, a research is needed t o give scient ific evidence t o it .

  One of t he herbals t hat is m ost ly used in t im ung recipe is cananga flower ( Cananga

  

odorat a ( Lam k) Hook. F. & Thom son) Essent ial oil from Cananga odorat a flower from Java is

popular and has 1- 2% essent ial oil cont ent . ( Ernest Guent her, 1972) .

  The aim of t he research w as t o invest igat e t he com ponent s of essent ial oil of Cananga

odorat a and t he abilit y of t he com ponent s t o penet rat e int o t he rat skin on Tim ung pract ice.

M e t h odology M a t e r ia l a n d M e t h od

  Plant m at erial Fresh flower pet als of Cananga odorat a ( Lam k.) Hook. F. & Thom son obt ained from Surabaya, East Java, I ndonesia.

  Skin rat . Rat abdom inal skin from m ale whit e rat st rain Wist ar was used in t he experim ent ( Fig. 1) Cananga oil was ext ract ed from fresh pet als using wat er - st eam dist illat ion m et hod. I dent ificat ion of Com ponent s of cananga oil

  I dent ificat ion of cananga oil com ponent s and com ponent s which penet rat ed int o t he rat skin were conduct ed using Gas Chrom at ography - Mass Spect rom et ry Det ect or ( Agilent 6890 Series Plus, MSD Agilent 5973 Net work, Aut o inj ect or 7683 dat abase of Library Wiley 275.L and dat abase NI ST02.L) .

  Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  25

  Mangestuti Agil, et al.

  Fig. 1. Rat abdom inal skin.

  Fig. 2. Modified t im ung apparat us Fig.3. Gas- Chrom at ogram Profile of Cananga Oil _{n u b a e c n a} d time (minute)

  Fig. 4. Gas chrom at ogram profile of ext ract ed oil from t he t reat ed skin a b u n d a n c e

  Time (minute) Fig. 5. Gas chrom at ogram profile of oil ext ract ed from t he recept or phase.

  Tim ung procees

  I n t he experim ent , a m odified- t im ung apparat us is used.1 m l of essent ial oils in 30 m l of aquadest were put int o t he st eam er of t he apparat us and boiled. The st eam was flown via glass pipe wit h 0,5 cm in diam et er and 44 cm long t o t he t im ung glass cham ber 9 x 9 x 8 x cm facilit at ed wit h a t herm om et er. The t em perat ure of t im ung cham ber was m aint ained at 40- 45º C on a wat er bat h ( Fig. 2) . The t reat ed rat skin was fixed wit h parafilm on a pet ri disc wit h 5 cm in diam et er . A buffer solut ion wit h pH 7.4 was filled in t o t he pet ri disc. The buffer solut ion was nam ed recept or phase.

  The surface of t he rat skin which had been t reat ed was cleaned wit h m et hanol, t hen ext ract ed wit h hexane for t he det erm inat ion of com ponent s of cananga oil which were able t o penet rat e int o t he skin. Liquid of recept or phase was ext ract ed wit h hexane for t he det erm inat ion of com ponent s of cananga oil which ent ered t he rat skin layer int o recept or phase. The ext ract of t he r at skin and recept or phase were exam ined by GC- MSD.

Re su lt a n d D iscussion

  The oil yield from Cananga odorat a was 1,4179% v/ w. I n t his experim ent t he oil has 22 com ponent s consist s of m onot erpenes and sesquit erpenes ( Fig. 3,Table 1) . Com ponent s of cananga oil able t o penet rat e int o t he t reat ed skin were ident ified as 5 m onot erpenes and 9 sesquit erpenes. The m onot erpene com pounds are p – m et hyl anisol, L

• – Linalool, geraniol, eugenol, neril – acet at e, while t he sesquit erpenes are t rans – ( β) – caryophyllene, ( + ) arom adendren, α – hum ulen, α – am orphen, D - germ acrene , ( Z,E) – α – farnesen, Δ - cadinene, α – cadinene, α – kubeben ( Fig.4 )

  The com ponent s of cananga oil t hat penet rat ed int o recept or phase are m onot erpenes, ident ified as p- m et hyl anisole, l- linalool, t rans geraniol, eugenol, neril acet at e, cit ronellal, cit ronellol, geraniol, and sesquit erpenes ident ified as t rans- β- caryophyllene, Δ - cadinen. Sesquit erpene com pounds which was found in t he recept or phase were t rans – ( β) – caryophyllene, α – hum ulen, D – germ acrene, ( Z,E) – α – farnesen, Δ - cadinen. ( Fig.5 ) .

  Result of t he experim ent showed t hat com ponent s of essent ial oil from cananga oil have penet rat ion abilit y int o t he rat skin and recept or phase. The penet rat ion abilit y was due t o t he sm all m olecular weight ( Michael, 2002) , lipophilic and hydrophilic propert ies of t he com ponent s. The t em perat ure ( 40 - 45º C) of t he t im ung glass cham ber can enhanced t he log P of t he com ponent s ( Cal K, 2007) . Besides, t he effect of t em perat ure on perm eabilit y has been explored ( Guy, 2003) .

  St eam of wat er in t im ung process hydrat ed t he st rat um corneum and caused t he skin m ore perm eable ( Cal, 2007, Wiliam s & Barry, 2004, Guy & Hadgraft , 2003) . There are com ponent of essent ial oils known t o im prove diffusion t hr ough t he skin. These com pounds have sim ilar st ruct ures in t hat t hey possess a polar head group and a long alkyl chain. They are known t o int ercalat e int o t h e st ruct ured lipids of t he skin and reduce t he diffusional resist ance t o perm eat ion and aid dru g t ransport ( Hadgraft ,2003) , such as shown by eugenol, linalool and geraniol.

  Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  27

  Mangestuti Agil, et al.

  Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  28 Tabel 1. Com ponent of cananga oil Pe a k n o.

  Re t e n t ion t im e ( m in u t e ) Ar e a ( % ) Com pon e n t Libr a r y

  1 5,09 0,41 Mircene Wiley275.L 2 5,59 2,29 P- m et hyl anisole Wiley275.L 3 5,74 0,21 Lim onene Wiley275.L 4 5,87 0,29 Cis- ocim en Wiley275.L 5 6,05 0,50 Trans- β- Ocim ene Wiley275.L 6 6,95 2,33 L- linallol Wiley275.L 7 8,66 8,63 β- caryophyllene Wiley275.L 8 9,64 0,29 Geraniol NI ST02.L 9 9,83 8,36 Trans ( β) caryophyllene Wiley275.L 10 10,17 3,05 α- hum ulen Wiley275.L

  11 10,89 0,39 α- kofaen / α- ylangen Wiley275.L 12 10,95 2,81 α- hum ulen Wiley275.L 13 11,13 0,73 α- am or phen Wiley275.L 14 11,20 2,30

  D- germ acrene Wiley275.L 15 11,26 0,72 Trans- caryophyllene Wiley275.L 16 11,39 0,24 Eugenol Wiley275.L 17 11,69 0,86 α- Am or phen Wiley275.L 18 11,81 11,76 Trans- caryophyllene Wiley275.L 19 12,01 1,43 ( E,Z) - α- far nesen NI ST02.L 20 12,23 2,46 Farnesen Wiley275.L 21 12,46 14,87 Trans- caryophyllene Wiley275.L 22 12,58 1,12 E,E- α- far nesen Wiley275.L 23 12,61 0,68 α- am orfen Wiley275.L 24 12,86 2,44 Δ - cadinene Wiley275.L 25 12,91 1,26 α- am or phen Wiley275.L 26 12,99 5,44 α- hum ulen Wiley275.L 27 13,16 0,60 α- cadinene Wiley275.L 28 13,22 0,55 Arom adendren Wiley275.L 29 13,28 0,44 β- kubeben Wiley275.L 30 13,33 1,25 α- am or phen Wiley275.L 31 13,41 3,54

  D- germ acrene Wiley275.L 32 13,45 0,82 E,E- α- far nesen Wiley275.L 33 13,58 1,19 α- am or phen Wiley275.L 34 13,68 0,81 α- m uurolen Wiley275.L 35 13,68 3,65 Δ - cadinen Wiley275.L 36 13,90 0,84 α- am or phen Wiley275.L 37 13,97 0,32 α- cadinen Wiley275.L 38 14,02 1,67 Δ - cadinen Wiley275.L 39 14,25 0,34 α- m uurolen Wiley275.L 40 17,09 1,90 Benzil benzoat Wiley275.L 41 17,16 2,12 Benzil benzoat Wiley275.L 42 17,36 1,99 Benzil benzoat Wiley275.L 43 17,42 2,10 Benzil benzoat Wiley275.L Rat skin and recept or phase can be penet rat ed by linalool and eugenol.

  Bot h can relax sm oot h m uscles and t hus have vasodilat at ion propert y. ( Kim ,2003) The ant isept ic propert y of geraniol and linalool is five t im e st ronger com pare t o phenol ( Jeffrey,1999) .

  I n t he experim ent , cert ain com ponent s of essent ial oil from Cananga odorat a ( Lam k.) Hook showed t he abilit y t o penet rat e int o t he skin in t he pract ice of t im ung. Therefore, it can be concluded t hat t im ung m et hod can be used as a prot ot ype of t ransderm al drug delivery syst em .

Re fe r e n ce s

  Proceeding I nternational Conference on Pharmacy and Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences

  29 Con clu sion

  Cananga oil obt ained from pet al of Cananga odorat a ( Lam k.) Hook cont ained m onot erpene and sesquit erpene com pound Com ponent s of cananga oil showed t he abilit y t o penet rat e int o t he skin in t im ung pract ice.

  Ant henas A, 2003, Adat ist iadat Perkawinan Urang Banj ar ( I I I ) Bapingit - Badudus Sebelum Akat Nikah,

  6 Desem ber 2006, Banj arm asin Post .Barry BW, 1983, Derm at ological Form ulat ion : Percut aneous Absorpt ion, Marcel Dekker I NC, New York, pp. 127- 145.

  Cal K, Janicki S, Sznit owska M, 2001, I n vit ro St udies on Penet rat ion of Terpenes from Mat rix- t ype Transderm al Syst em Through Hum an Skin, I nt J Pharm . 224( 1 - 2) : 81- 8.

  Cal K, Kupiec K, Sznit owska M, 2006, Effect of Physicochem ical Propert ies of Ciclic Terpenes on Their ex Vivo Skin Absorpt ion Elim inat ion Kinet ics, J Derm at ol Sci. 42( 2) : 137- 42. Cal K, 2006, Skin Penet rat ion of Terpenes from Essent ial Oils and Topical Vehicles, Plant a Med, 72: 311- 16. Cal K, 2007, Skin Penet rat ion of Terpenes, Phar m aceut ical Technology Asia Pasific, 1

  February 2007.Guy RH, Hadgraft J, 2003, Transderm al Drug Delivery, Marcel Dekker, I nc, New York. Basel. Ernest Guent her, 1972, The Essent ial Oils, Robert E. Krieger Publising Co., I nc., Hunt ingt on, New York. I nouye S, Takizawa T, Yam aguchi H, ( 2001) , Ant ibact erial Act ivit y of Essent ial Oils and Their

  Mayor Const it uent s Against Respirat ory Tract Pat hogens by gaseous Cont act , Journal of Ant im icrobial Chem ot herapy 47, 565 - 573. Michael EA, 2002, Pharm aceut ics t he Science of Dosage from Design 2nd ed, Lond on, Churchill Livingst one. Sacchet t i G, Maiet t i S, Muzzol M, Scagliant i M, Man freedini S, Radice M and Bruni R, 2004,

  Com parat ive evaluat ion of 11 Essent ial Oils of Different Origin as Funct ional ant ioxidant , ant iradicals and ant im icrobials in Foods, Food Chem ist ry 91 ( 2005) 621- 632. Syaifullah M., 2007, Bat im ung, Mandi Uap Warisan Warga Banj ar, Kom pas, 12 Mei. Tiwary AK, Sapra B & Jain S, 2007, I nnovat ions in Transderm al Drug Delivery: Form ulat ions and Techniques, Recent Pat ent on Drug Delivery & Form ulat ion vol 1,23 - 36. William s AC, Barry BW, ( 2004) , Penet rat ion Enhancers, Advance Drug Delivery Reviews 56 ( 2004) 603- 618.