rudolf rocker the tragedy of spain

Rudolf Rocker
1937

1

Rudolf Rocker

Halaman 2

Content

The role of foreign capital
The role of Germany and Italy
The situation in Spain before the revolt
The role of England and France
Under the lash of foreign powers
The role of Russia
The great transformation in Russia and its consequences
The attitude of the Communist Party in Spain
The communist U.G.T. in Catalonia
The constructive socialist work of the C.N.T. and the F.A.I.

Moscow’s campaign of lies against the C.N.T.
The fight against the P.O.U.M.
Gangster terrorism and Russian chekist methods in Spain
The ends the dictatorship serves
The advance of the counter-revolution
The prelude to the May events in Catalonia
The May events in Catalonia
Before coming events

Halaman 3

Rudolf Rocker

!
"
$
'

#


%

&

(

)
'
*
+
'

,

+

)

*


#

.
'

#
#

'
/

Halaman 4

Rudolf Rocker

!
#

+
0

/

#
#
/ 1

#
#

+

2

)

$
/

'


#

'
)
-

'

#

34 567 777

,

(
"

*

)

954
*

- 8

:67 777

467 777
(
6:7 777

!

"

)
/

*


4;

+
(

$

-

1

)
(

(

-

"


'
<

=

>

/

(

1
)

-

(
2

1

*
)

*
4:
64@

1

?
;7

+

A
!

#
B
%*


)

%
D

E
H

& F
-

E

-

#
-

&

,

C
G
.

Halaman 5

Rudolf Rocker

)

%

<
< 1

(

*

B
B

1

.
8

.
$
H C
2

$

/

'
'
)

<
/
/
.

/
'

*
)

1
L

C

<

K.

Halaman 6

Rudolf Rocker

#
*

!
'

*
.

.

#
1
#
.

/

.

1

#
$

8

*

$
+

'
#

$

*
1

)

2

>
$

*

#

$
"

<

'

*

*

8

$
#
$
"
/

<
(

$

8

Halaman 7

Rudolf Rocker

*

8

*

$
#

)

/

* ,

H

#
/

#
$

2
/

/

/
"

$

<
<

$

/

<

<

*
#

2

?

$

/

+

/
,
$
<

/

*
<

8

*
)

#
/

)

#

#
)
8

E

H

#

$
*

#

$
,
"

<

/
$
/
#
#

*
$

8

$

Halaman 8

Rudolf Rocker

#
*

,

$
'
"

/

<

$
"

-E

F-

E

M

G
H

/

)

!

#
4:

)

-

B

)

M

)
.
4:
$

!
%-

8 (
)

H

)
,

&
'

Halaman 9

Rudolf Rocker

)
8

$

-E
.

G

$ ) * F*
2

2
*
)
$
H

4;

$

)

H

$
1

<

-

*

H

)> C

+
4@

2
H

$

.
<
8

<

+ <

)

/
<

$
-E
+

H

$
/

-E

$

Halaman 10

Rudolf Rocker

$)*

'

'

)

>
2

+
-E

$)*

)

,

$

*
'
*
#
/
#

"

<

-

#

$
)

$
*

8

#

!

#

!

#

$

1
.

@5

>

"
$

*
8

'
2
*

"

2
#

#

,

+
'

"

*

#
/

*
8

"

46 8
+

Halaman 11

Rudolf Rocker

1
?

<

2

/ 1
/

#
)

$
*

8

<

"

#

8

$

*
$
$

E

$
$
$

)

H

#

8
)
<

#
E

#
#

H

2
#

* 1

*
*
2

<

)

1

)
#

,

#
'

1
$

2
*

#

2

*

%

&

#
$
#

$

+
1
H

$
%
&

H
.

%
2

.
&

(

Halaman 12

Rudolf Rocker

E
.

+

>
/

#
#

2

/

#

#
/

#

#

#
#

)
#
#
)

#
#

/

'
/

/

E

'

1
1
/

*

#
#

$

#
*

#
#
.

.

)
E

%,

#
1
H

#
&

$
!
+
B
1

$
*

8

*

Halaman 13

Rudolf Rocker

#

$

"
<

$
*

8
*
8
/

*

$

$
#

$

@6 777
<
/
#

8

@7 777

*
#

$

B
1

,

<
/

*

#
#
#
"

2

<

2

>
+
%

#

#
-

/

'

&

+

2
4

#

2

-

/

"

<

#
2
K
/

#
+

Halaman 14

Rudolf Rocker

#

#
<

/

E

#

/
*

#
$
$
*

8
$

#
)

$

$
.

<

8

<
<

)
-E
$

'
)
$
%,

& H
B

K
%*
$

1
H

<
,

(

H

2
&

'
&

E
%,

.

,

H

E
>
#

*

/ 1
$

*
/

#

2

Halaman 15

Rudolf Rocker

*
"

<
/ 1
#

*
/
*
/

8
1
*

$

8

8
$

-

*

)

8

$
#

$

,

$
#

% '

&

'
-E

$)*
*
#

'
>

.

#

.

1

%
&

%

1

> &

,

%

&
'
%
)

1

>

&
!

4:
=

%

$
>

/

>
(
'
E

'
'
'
"

<

*

>

2

1
(
>
(
&

,
%

&

%

E

,
<
-

,

>

2
%

&
&

"

%
,

(
-

+

Halaman 18

Rudolf Rocker

(
1
0

$

(

1
(

-

H

*
$

2

$
8
$

*

*
1
* $
(
-E

'

$)*
M

$

2

(

2
#

$
H
$

$

4;
'
< '

.

-

H

$
$

,

/

(

(

$
8

8
$

"

(

2
#

$

*

%

&

(
)

(
<

#

$
"

Halaman 19

Rudolf Rocker

$

(

,
$

#
"

<
'

/

!

/

(
,

"
<

B

/
$

'
)

$

1
#

$

#'

(
%

&
.

#

<

H

*
%
$

,

*

H

< 8
8
/

K

8

>
"

/
#
%?

(
$

Halaman 20

Rudolf Rocker

)

(
>
!

/

/
-

H

(

%

&
(

(
/
,
.

,

%

&

>

>
-

<

"
'

<

.
>
(
'
(

*
+
,
*
,
,
%

&* 8

'

Halaman 21

Rudolf Rocker

0
'
0

%

$

%<

&
$

%<

)

&
8
H

"
>

-

&

L #
-

*
'
<
,

/

!

!

+
1

/

(

-E
(
?
$

$

$)*

Halaman 22

Rudolf Rocker

!
0
(
>
$

.

(
<

/
#

$
1
(

<
(

B
H

>
2
-

<
-E

%

)

&
*

(
<

4;

H

K $

P )
0

P )
>

"

)

0
9
-E
2
$

)
/

&

>
>

*

-

H

<
>
2

)

Halaman 23

Rudolf Rocker

-

-

-

H

K

%.
.

$

'

E
.
#

)

$
$
$

$
&
>
$
"

8
$

*

(
#

$

(

$

(
<
<

?

2

(
"
$

Halaman 24

Rudolf Rocker

?

-

H

*

*

*
H
<

1
&F

F%?

%

G

>

8

&8

,

)

?8
?

G

#

>
H

1
?8
<

B

<

?8

>

-E
* ?8

$
?
H
?

-

$

C &?

H ? - F%H
G

H

*
<

.

(
.
C

(

<

)

! I

/
*
%

#
&

)

'

>
<

+
<
(
-

E
B

-

2

Halaman 25

Rudolf Rocker

" " "
<
'
>
-E

?8

,

-E
-

?8
-E

)

$
1

$
-E

$)*
'

(
>

>

!
>
-E

?8

2
)

)

?8
-

,
-

/

?8
)

>
>
*
$

2

?8
>

-E

)

Halaman 26

Rudolf Rocker

-

H

?-

?8

>

>

?8

-

?8
:67 777

(
-

-E

$

>
?8
-E

-

E

B

"
?8

-

8#H-* F
G
>
?-

H

2

>

?8

-

>
-

'
% '

C

)

E @ <

2&

8

!

C

'

$
/

-E

/
2
/

C

)
'

?8
-E

%

*

&

'

,

%
H

&

(
1

$

%

&

Halaman 27

Rudolf Rocker

<

)

-

-E

?8

)
?

$

$

#

"$" "

"%" "
$
-E
E
'
'

-E
)

!

?

8
K

%*

)
>
1

1

%)

0
'

*
-

'
&
)
!

>

H
-

Halaman 28

Rudolf Rocker

2

%

$
.

K

.

&"

(

/
A
#

%
-E

"

/
>
/

(
%<
%

+

< )

! I
'

8

&

0

@@

4;

K

8

-

'

/

&
%
-

'
(

H

5
! I
/
2

%Q

2

Q

>
0

-E
$

%

-

2
-

"
&
)

Halaman 29

Rudolf Rocker

'
2

2

2

/
(

(

2

*
$)*

-E

%

&

)
$

(

(

/

%

&

*
4; *

>
2

+

+
B

(

+
$

8

*
B

/
#

%

&

%

$
1

+

>

&
#

.

-

$
%
/

>

&

2

-E
1

-E

Halaman 30

Rudolf Rocker

$

*
>
'

$
-E
+

*

>

-E
.
+
*

>
2
*

)

'

'
?8
-E
*
-E

'
$
!
%

&

/
&

>

-

-

H

%
?8
%

%-E &
%

& .
<
K

-

>

H
'
>
-

H

Halaman 31

Rudolf Rocker

%*

K $

-

H

)
< '

&

,

&

'

"$" "

E
?

H
%

E

&
,

-

(

*
-

-

H
,

%

%<

8

-

&

K

(

%

'
H!?

&

-E
'
*

'

*
*

G

*
.

*

Halaman 32

Rudolf Rocker

(

/

%<
(

%
-

A +

8

2

&

*
&M

%H

&

K
%
)

-

0

5

>
?

( & FH

4;G

)
(
%H

&
K

%

)
<

/

Q

!

2
*

;
>

H!?<

$

Q

K

%

>
)
H

>
(

Q$

H

'2

>

*

Q

!

2+
-

$
%
)

Q,

2

$
>

H

$

+

)
2
)
H

$

>

%*

*
8
>

B
*

QE

B
$

)

2

Halaman 33

Rudolf Rocker

%

Q

!

2

)
8
$

)
& FH

>

<

@@

45G

.
*
$

+
KK

+

0
-E
/

<

H
<

B
%)

0

<
%$

$
,

&

&

E
$

-E
#

$)* E
/

0

'

!"(" "&"
(
H!?<
'
!

/

(
,
/

H

"
(
(

8H?

Halaman 34

Rudolf Rocker

.
H

H ! ? < F%H
< '
?
G
'

2 H
)

!

?

D < '
-

&

(
$

H!?<
+

-

H

/
H!?<

>
>

H

-

H

-

?-E

H!?<

>
H!?<
-E

>

H!?<
*

/

+
H!?<
< '
-

-

>
%

H!?<

$

>

&

>

H!?<
-E
>

1

-E

*
>

-E

H!?<

*

Halaman 35

Rudolf Rocker

H!?<

?8

/

H ?H!?<
?8

)
<

%
>
&
H!?<
* <
1
H!?<
'
0

(
-

*

H!?< R

/

H!?<

H!?<
!
/

H!?<
(

E

@5

4; %,

/

&
K %*

'
&

H!?< #

(

/
H!?<

$

"

<

M

)

E

H!?<

<
0
(
M
-E

$

)

<

/
H!?<

!
B

H!?<
<

Halaman 36

Rudolf Rocker

%

&

(
.
H!?<

2
$
!
-E
<

$)*

)
<

H!?<
B

'

H

)

E
I!
)

B

8
!

+8
$

$

<

2

H!?<
E
)> C

H

-

-E

B

<
H!?<

#
(

#
/

(
$

'
-

(
,
<

)

-E

$
-E

.
-E

*
,

R

H

H
-

. 1
H
-E

$
K

Halaman 37

Rudolf Rocker

%.

Q-

H

2
.

<

.
.
&
* -

<

-E

$
.
?8

-E

1

?8
?8
-E

*
<

H
,

-

-

?8
-E

- >

-

<

-

0
-E
-E
B

-

<

0

$
8

>
)

- >

2

'

F%

-

!
<

&G
$
'(

$

<
*

B
2

H
>

-

1
-E
-E

'
-

B
$)*

-

.
%# <

B

H

<
%

-E
!

&

Halaman 38

Rudolf Rocker

$
B

&

B

'
2

)
2

-

!
-

2
!

<

@:

8

<
,

1

<

-E

<

/
<

<
E '
*
<

>

<
<

1

/

<

-

-

!

&

<
-

-E
K
%*
<

%

H

'
)
'

-E

'
$

.
>
E

$
& F

!

45 G
<
2
$
-E
-E
*

Halaman 39

Rudolf Rocker

*
$
$

>
$

$

-E
>
/
$

(
/

(

*
$

'
*

-E

M
$)* M

>
'
E

>

Halaman 40

Rudolf Rocker

*

M

M

>
-E

)
'

/

-E
*
$

$
'
#

0
'
#

/
-E
'
$

/

$

*

8

)
'
* (

*

(
-

Halaman 41

Rudolf Rocker

#

.

$

(
%

&

(

)
$
!
K

(

+

(
E

!

2
)
/
(

-

H

*

2

#

?8

-E
!
/

?8

'

Halaman 42

Rudolf Rocker

>
-E
0

.
'
?8

-E

-

<

-

/
)

-E
#
$
45
-E

*
$

>

*
-E
!

'
$

%)

&

%)

<

%

&

H

$

E

(

-

H

B
K
>
(
*
2

Q
2

2

Q

2 $
.
-

-

H

*
& F)

-

%,
F%)

<

H

45 G

&

<
-

R
&G

R

>
1

2

?8
1

Halaman 43

Rudolf Rocker

K

.

-

L@ *
H
L

%
#

1

K

1
-

%*
$

H

-

>

>
<
-

H

)

?8
>

B

K Q*
2&

,

(

-

B

)
(

#
!

$

)

-E
1

$
*
)
*
/
<

-E
<

8

-E

<

)

K
%

)
P,

P

,

"

=

P.
$
F!

E

<

@@

&
45 G

Halaman 44

Rudolf Rocker

*

$
/

#

$

(
,

$
)

)
-E

)

)

-E

0

%

)

&

&
.

/

$
)

$
B
/

,

#

$

1
$
(

-

%
'

H

&

)

-

B
E
'

(

(

-

)
'
'
2

>

-E

?8
$

*
%

'
&

Halaman 45

Rudolf Rocker

!

P !

S
!
?8

%, K

B

%*

&

?8

-E
*
&

/

B
-E

$)*

>

)

<

'

H!?<

)

-E
H!?<

$)*

>

*

-E

$)*

!

@7 777

-E

$)*

)
$
-E

8
#

<
-

-E
$

Halaman 46

Rudolf Rocker

$

E

>

%)

&
-

E

B

/

<

6

'

45

/
B
,
B

*
B

2
-

*
/

B
)
H

H
-

1
1
/

<
.

L!
/
/

-E

/
H!?<

%H

$)*LE

&

<

@@
B

+

H!?<

>
>

/

/
-

*

(

1

(
#

%

N
&*
%

0
<

)
#

)

&

Halaman 47

Rudolf Rocker

1
/
K
%

*
-E
B

<

1

$)*
)

H

%)

'
L*
L,

/

#

$
*
$

'
L& F

!

<

4

45 G
/

-E

$)*
1
B

1

>
-

(

* )
-

$
2

-E
-E

! )

@5
H
'

<

)
-

H
-

'
'
-E

)
-

-E

Halaman 48

Rudolf Rocker

*
%

>

)

&

-

&
<

)

H

)

I

)
4

-

'
)

(

2

>

-

<
?-

H

/
I
-E
?8

8
>

.
!
*
-E
<
'
H

?)
K%
(

)

P

1
P. 2

P

P&

1
>

*
*

>
-E
/
+

4;
(

-

*
8

8

)
8

1

*

*
-

-E

Halaman 49

Rudolf Rocker

-E

!
+
(

-

-E
0

H

<

<

*

)
)

I

I

)
'

-E

-

$

K %#

I

' & F*

)

G

(

>

'

-E

8

>
-

*
$
'

!

)

I

1

.

'
/

"

/

-

*

*
8

8
<

-E

$)*

"

Halaman 50

Rudolf Rocker

*
%

K

-E

$)*
)
.

$
+
'

)
$
&

)

>

%<

K
P.

P.
.

.

.

.

.
-E

$)*

$
%.
*

%

+*
<

B

)

)
L.

-E
P "

?8

P(
P,

P(

P.

1

*

P&
>

.
/

-E

)
E

-

-E
'

! <
?8

:

E

-

B

! <
)

I

-E
6

Halaman 51

Rudolf Rocker

,

-E
/

(

?8

B
8
-E
,

1

R

-

R
'

*

-E

$)*
!

*

)

/

<

/

6
-

-

/
*

)
?

-

*

<

2
*

4;

/
$
(

*
1

>

"
*

%8

%/

&
<

&
(

/

)

<

)

0

)

"
0

$
$

2

)

<

$

$

2
"

#
,

-

.

.
M

/

)

M

(
)

$

+

(

Halaman 52

Rudolf Rocker

1

*

2

>
1

*
!

2
$

-

E
$

.

>

/

$
+

(

C

0

N
%

*

E

&

-

/

-E

B

/
#
B

-

N

)
T

-

I 0

$
K %.

N

-

$

,

B

*

E
'

&

E
E

-

>

/
(

(
)
-E

8

-

"

H

Halaman 53

Rudolf Rocker

%-

H

-

-

H

<
/
B

K

K.

+

QH

F

$

/

M)

2
G

-E
*
&
<
-

%-E &
-E
-

$
"
$

H!?<
)

E
$
#
%

&

%E

2

$

R

&

.
%

H
0

"

&

#

$
8

*
$

%<
2

8
,

&
H
K %*
&

#
)
/

2

*
%-

H

<

B

&

=
E

'

#

$

4

Halaman 54

Rudolf Rocker

(

*
<

/
!

E
(
H
,

-

(

-E
?8
?8

?8

%
"

&

?8

-E
>=

?8

"
-E

$)*

,

R

1
.

<
2
)

(

E
(
/
H!?<
)

E
E

<

/
B

<
*
-

(

<

#

<

(
(

2
E

1

'
<

Halaman 55

Rudolf Rocker

+

$
(

*

,
#

E

E
*
K

2

E

R

)

45

Printed by Freie Arbeiter Stimme, 45 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y., October, 1937