S MAT 1106508 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
PERNYATAAN ......................................................................................................i
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................... ii
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ v
KATA PENGANTAR ..........................................................................................vi
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah.................................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 7
C. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 7
D. Batasan Masalah ............................................................................. 8
E. Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 8
F. Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ............................................................. 8
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. Model Problem-Based Learning ....................................................... 9
1. Definisi PBL ................................................................................... 9
2. Karakteristik PBL ......................................................................... 10
3. Tahap-tahap Pembelajaran PBL ................................................... 12
4. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan PBL .................................................. 14
B. Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis ............................................... 15
C. Keterkaitan Model PBL dengan Kemampuan Komunikasi
Matematis ........................................................................................ 18
D. Model Pembelajaran Langsung (Direct Instruction) ...................... 18
E. Penelitian yang Relevan ................................................................... 20
F. Hipotesis Penelitian .......................................................................... 21
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ......................................................... 22
B. Variabel Peneltian ............................................................................ 23
C. Populasi dan Sampel Peneltian ........................................................ 24
D. Instrumen Penelitian ........................................................................ 24
vii
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
1. Instrumen Pembelajaran . ............................................................ 25
2. Instrumen Penelitian . .................................................................. 26
E. Prosedur Pelaksanaan Penelitian ..................................................... 37
F. Teknik Analisis Data ...................................................................... 40
1. Pengolahan Data Kuantitatif . ...................................................... 40
2. Pengolahan Data Kualitatif . ........................................................ 47
BAB IV HASIL TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Temuan ...........................................................................................
1. Analisis Data Kuantitatif ...........................................................
2. Analisis Data Kulitatif ...............................................................
B. Pembahasan .....................................................................................
48
48
57
64
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI
A. Simpulan .......................................................................................... 68
B. Implikasi .......................................................................................... 68
C. Saran ................................................................................................ 69
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 70
LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................................... 74
viii
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
Halaman
Tahapan-Tahapan PBL .............................................................................. 14
Kriteria Koefisien Validitas ....................................................................... 28
Hasil Validitas Tes Kemampuan Komunikasi Mateatis ............................ 28
Uji Keberartian Butir Soal ......................................................................... 30
Klasifikasi Derajat Reliabilitas .................................................................. 31
Kriteria Daya Pembeda .............................................................................. 32
Hasil Analisis Daya Pembeda Butir Soal ................................................... 33
Kriteria Indeks Kesukaran ......................................................................... 34
Hasil Analisis Indeks Kesukaran Butir Soal .............................................. 34
Rekapitulasi Instrumen Kemampuan Komunikasi Mateatis ...................... 35
Klasifikasi Distribusi Skala Angket ........................................................... 36
Kriteria Indeks Gain ................................................................................... 44
Bobot Skor Pernyataan Angket .................................................................. 47
Statistik Deskriptif Tes Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis ................... 48
Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Pretes ............................................................... 50
Hasil Uji Kesamaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Pretes ....................................... 51
Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Postes .............................................................. 52
Hasil Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Postes ....................................... 53
Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Indeks Gain ..................................................... 54
Hasil Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Indeks Gain .............................. 55
Kualitas Indeks Gain Kelas Eksperimen .................................................... 56
Kualitas Indeks Gain Kelas Kontrol .......................................................... 56
Sikap Siswa Terhadap Matematika .......................................................... 58
Sikap Siswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Model PBL .... 59
Sikap Siswa Terhadap Soal-soal Komunikasi Matematis ........................ 60
Hasil Presentase Observasi Kegiatan Guru ................................................ 61
Hasil Presentase Observasi Kegiatan Siswa ............................................. 63
ix
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
Halaman
Alur Metodologi Penelitian........................................................................ 39
Alur Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian .......................................................... 46
Diagram Presentase Observasi Kegiatan Guru .......................................... 62
Diagram Presentase Observasi Kegiatan Siswa ......................................... 64
x
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
Halaman
LAMPIRAN A BAHAN AJAR
A.1
RPP Kelas Eksperimen .............................................................................. 76
A.2
RPP Kelas Kontrol ................................................................................... 123
A.3
LKK Kelas Eksperimen ........................................................................... 171
LAMPIRAN B INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN
B.1
Kisi-Kisi Instrumen .................................................................................. 185
B.2
Skor Kemampuan Matematis ................................................................... 190
B.3
Soal Pretest/Posttest ................................................................................ 191
B.4
Kisi-Kisi Angket Siswa ............................................................................ 193
B.5
Angket Siswa ........................................................................................... 194
B.6
Lembar Observasi Kegiatan Guru dan Siswa .......................................... 196
LAMPIRAN C DATA HASIL UJI INSTRUMEN
C.1
Skor Hasil Uji Instrumen ......................................................................... 199
C.2
Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Instrumen ............................................................. 200
C.3
Hasil Uji Keberartian Butir Soal .............................................................. 205
LAMPIRAN D DATA HASIL PENELITIAN
D.1
Daftar Skor Pretest,Posttest dan Indeks Gain Kelas Instrumen .............. 207
D.2
Daftar Skor Pretest,Posttest dan Indeks Gain Kelas Kontrol .................. 208
D.3
Uji Normalitas Data Pretest ..................................................................... 209
D.4
Uji Kesamaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Pretest ............................................ 210
D.5
Uji Normalitas Data Posttest ................................................................... 211
D.6
Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Posttest ........................................... 212
D.7
Uji Normalitas Data Indeks Gain ............................................................. 213
D.8
Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Indeks Gain .................................... 214
D.9
Data Hasil Angket Siswa ......................................................................... 215
LAMPIRAN E CONTOH DATA HASIL PENELITIAN
E.1
Contoh Jawaban Uji Instrumen ................................................................ 218
E.2
Contoh Jawaban Pretest ........................................................................... 220
E.3
Contoh Jawaban Posttest ......................................................................... 223
xi
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
E.4
E.5
E.6
Contoh Jawaban LKK .............................................................................. 225
Contoh Angket Siswa .............................................................................. 237
Contoh Lembar Observasi ....................................................................... 239
LAMPIRAN F SURAT PERIZINAN
F.1
Surat Izin Uji Instrumen........................................................................... 248
F.2
Surat Izin Penelitian ................................................................................. 249
F.3
Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Uji Instrumen ................................. 250
F.4
Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian ........................................ 251
F.5
Kartu Bimbingan ...................................................................................... 252
F.6
Surat Tugas .............................................................................................. 254
LAMPIRAN G DOKUMENTASI DAN RIWAYAT HIDUP
G.1
Dokumentasi Kegiatan Penelitian Kelas Eksperimen .............................. 256
G.2
Dokumentasi Kegiatan Penelitian Kelas Kontrol .................................... 257
G.3
Riwayat Hidup ........................................................................................... 25
xii
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
PERNYATAAN ......................................................................................................i
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................... ii
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ v
KATA PENGANTAR ..........................................................................................vi
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah.................................................................. 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 7
C. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 7
D. Batasan Masalah ............................................................................. 8
E. Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 8
F. Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ............................................................. 8
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. Model Problem-Based Learning ....................................................... 9
1. Definisi PBL ................................................................................... 9
2. Karakteristik PBL ......................................................................... 10
3. Tahap-tahap Pembelajaran PBL ................................................... 12
4. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan PBL .................................................. 14
B. Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis ............................................... 15
C. Keterkaitan Model PBL dengan Kemampuan Komunikasi
Matematis ........................................................................................ 18
D. Model Pembelajaran Langsung (Direct Instruction) ...................... 18
E. Penelitian yang Relevan ................................................................... 20
F. Hipotesis Penelitian .......................................................................... 21
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ......................................................... 22
B. Variabel Peneltian ............................................................................ 23
C. Populasi dan Sampel Peneltian ........................................................ 24
D. Instrumen Penelitian ........................................................................ 24
vii
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
1. Instrumen Pembelajaran . ............................................................ 25
2. Instrumen Penelitian . .................................................................. 26
E. Prosedur Pelaksanaan Penelitian ..................................................... 37
F. Teknik Analisis Data ...................................................................... 40
1. Pengolahan Data Kuantitatif . ...................................................... 40
2. Pengolahan Data Kualitatif . ........................................................ 47
BAB IV HASIL TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Temuan ...........................................................................................
1. Analisis Data Kuantitatif ...........................................................
2. Analisis Data Kulitatif ...............................................................
B. Pembahasan .....................................................................................
48
48
57
64
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI
A. Simpulan .......................................................................................... 68
B. Implikasi .......................................................................................... 68
C. Saran ................................................................................................ 69
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 70
LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................................... 74
viii
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
Halaman
Tahapan-Tahapan PBL .............................................................................. 14
Kriteria Koefisien Validitas ....................................................................... 28
Hasil Validitas Tes Kemampuan Komunikasi Mateatis ............................ 28
Uji Keberartian Butir Soal ......................................................................... 30
Klasifikasi Derajat Reliabilitas .................................................................. 31
Kriteria Daya Pembeda .............................................................................. 32
Hasil Analisis Daya Pembeda Butir Soal ................................................... 33
Kriteria Indeks Kesukaran ......................................................................... 34
Hasil Analisis Indeks Kesukaran Butir Soal .............................................. 34
Rekapitulasi Instrumen Kemampuan Komunikasi Mateatis ...................... 35
Klasifikasi Distribusi Skala Angket ........................................................... 36
Kriteria Indeks Gain ................................................................................... 44
Bobot Skor Pernyataan Angket .................................................................. 47
Statistik Deskriptif Tes Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis ................... 48
Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Pretes ............................................................... 50
Hasil Uji Kesamaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Pretes ....................................... 51
Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Postes .............................................................. 52
Hasil Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Postes ....................................... 53
Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Indeks Gain ..................................................... 54
Hasil Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Indeks Gain .............................. 55
Kualitas Indeks Gain Kelas Eksperimen .................................................... 56
Kualitas Indeks Gain Kelas Kontrol .......................................................... 56
Sikap Siswa Terhadap Matematika .......................................................... 58
Sikap Siswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Model PBL .... 59
Sikap Siswa Terhadap Soal-soal Komunikasi Matematis ........................ 60
Hasil Presentase Observasi Kegiatan Guru ................................................ 61
Hasil Presentase Observasi Kegiatan Siswa ............................................. 63
ix
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
Halaman
Alur Metodologi Penelitian........................................................................ 39
Alur Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian .......................................................... 46
Diagram Presentase Observasi Kegiatan Guru .......................................... 62
Diagram Presentase Observasi Kegiatan Siswa ......................................... 64
x
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
Halaman
LAMPIRAN A BAHAN AJAR
A.1
RPP Kelas Eksperimen .............................................................................. 76
A.2
RPP Kelas Kontrol ................................................................................... 123
A.3
LKK Kelas Eksperimen ........................................................................... 171
LAMPIRAN B INSTRUMEN PENELITIAN
B.1
Kisi-Kisi Instrumen .................................................................................. 185
B.2
Skor Kemampuan Matematis ................................................................... 190
B.3
Soal Pretest/Posttest ................................................................................ 191
B.4
Kisi-Kisi Angket Siswa ............................................................................ 193
B.5
Angket Siswa ........................................................................................... 194
B.6
Lembar Observasi Kegiatan Guru dan Siswa .......................................... 196
LAMPIRAN C DATA HASIL UJI INSTRUMEN
C.1
Skor Hasil Uji Instrumen ......................................................................... 199
C.2
Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Instrumen ............................................................. 200
C.3
Hasil Uji Keberartian Butir Soal .............................................................. 205
LAMPIRAN D DATA HASIL PENELITIAN
D.1
Daftar Skor Pretest,Posttest dan Indeks Gain Kelas Instrumen .............. 207
D.2
Daftar Skor Pretest,Posttest dan Indeks Gain Kelas Kontrol .................. 208
D.3
Uji Normalitas Data Pretest ..................................................................... 209
D.4
Uji Kesamaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Pretest ............................................ 210
D.5
Uji Normalitas Data Posttest ................................................................... 211
D.6
Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Posttest ........................................... 212
D.7
Uji Normalitas Data Indeks Gain ............................................................. 213
D.8
Uji Perbedaan Dua Rata-Rata Data Indeks Gain .................................... 214
D.9
Data Hasil Angket Siswa ......................................................................... 215
LAMPIRAN E CONTOH DATA HASIL PENELITIAN
E.1
Contoh Jawaban Uji Instrumen ................................................................ 218
E.2
Contoh Jawaban Pretest ........................................................................... 220
E.3
Contoh Jawaban Posttest ......................................................................... 223
xi
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN
E.4
E.5
E.6
Contoh Jawaban LKK .............................................................................. 225
Contoh Angket Siswa .............................................................................. 237
Contoh Lembar Observasi ....................................................................... 239
LAMPIRAN F SURAT PERIZINAN
F.1
Surat Izin Uji Instrumen........................................................................... 248
F.2
Surat Izin Penelitian ................................................................................. 249
F.3
Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Uji Instrumen ................................. 250
F.4
Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian ........................................ 251
F.5
Kartu Bimbingan ...................................................................................... 252
F.6
Surat Tugas .............................................................................................. 254
LAMPIRAN G DOKUMENTASI DAN RIWAYAT HIDUP
G.1
Dokumentasi Kegiatan Penelitian Kelas Eksperimen .............................. 256
G.2
Dokumentasi Kegiatan Penelitian Kelas Kontrol .................................... 257
G.3
Riwayat Hidup ........................................................................................... 25
xii
Siti Sahara, 2015
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING UNTUK
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
MENINGKATKAN