LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM GALERI SENI RUPA DI SURAKARTA Tema Desain Arsitektur Kubisme - Unika Repository
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXVII, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2014/2015
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
GALERI SENI RUPA DI SURAKARTA
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Kubisme
Fokus Kajian
Kenyamanan Visual
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh:
Bondan Arissaputra NIM. 11.11.0073
Dosen pembimbing :
Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR.NIDN : 608075601
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
April 2015
DAFTAR ISI
2.1.3. Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai ........................................................ 20
2.2.3.3. Aspek Lingkungan........................................................... 55
2.2.3.2. Aspek Bangunan ............................................................. 55
2.2.3.1. Aspek Arsitektur .............................................................. 54
2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ............................................ 41
2.2.2.3. Kebutuhan Ruang dari Segi Kegiatan ............................. 37
2.2.2.2. Pelaku dan Kegiatan ....................................................... 35
2.2.2.1. Struktur Organisasi ......................................................... 35
2.2.2. Kegiatan ...................................................................................... 35
2.2.1. Terminologi .................................................................................. 20
2.2. TINJAUAN KHUSUS ............................................................................. 20
2.1.2. Latar Belakang
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................ i
SURAT PERNYATAAN .............................................................................................. ii
PRAKATA .................................................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................. xii
2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ........................................................................ 15
2.1. TINJAUAN UMUM ................................................................................. 15
BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK .................................................................................... 15
1.6. SISTEMATIKA PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 13
1.5. PERUMUSAN MASALAH ..................................................................... 12
1.4. METODE PEMBAHASAN ....................................................................... 6
1.3. LINGKUP PEMBAHASAN ...................................................................... 4
1.2. TUJUAN DAN SASARAN PROYEK ....................................................... 4
1.1. LATAR BELAKANG PROYEK ................................................................ 1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................. 1
- – Perkembangan – Trend ................................... 17
2.2.4. Deskripsi Konteks Desa / Kota .................................................... 56
2.2.4.1. Urgency (Kepentingan Mendesak) ................................. 64
2.2.4.2. Relevancy (Keterkaitan) .................................................. 65
2.2.4.3. Urban Issue (Isu Urban) .................................................. 65
2.2.5. Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis ..................................................... 70
2.2.6. Permasalahan Desain ................................................................. 76
2.2.6.1. Permasalahan Arsitektur ................................................. 76
2.2.6.2. Permasalahan Bangunan ................................................ 77
2.2.6.3. Permasalahan Lingkungan ............................................. 81
2.3. KESIMPULAN, BATASAN DAN ANGGAPAN...................................... 81
2.3.1. Kesimpulan .................................................................................. 81
2.3.2. Batasan ....................................................................................... 82
2.3.3. Anggapan .................................................................................... 83
BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................ 84
3.1. ANALISA PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR ............................................. 84
3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas .............................................................................. 84
3.1.1.1. Sifat Ruang ..................................................................... 92
3.1.1.2. Pola Kegiatan Pelaku ...................................................... 95
3.1.1.3. Hubungan Ruang .......................................................... 102
3.1.1.4. Alur Hubungan Ruang Skala Makro .............................. 102
3.1.1.5. Studi Besaran Ruang dan Ruang Khusus ..................... 106
3.2. ANALISA PENDEKATAN SISTEM BANGUNAN ............................... 125
3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur &Enclosure .............................................. 126
3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas ................................................................... 131
3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ....................................... 145
3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .......................................................... 145
3.3.2. Potensi Galeri Seni ......................................................... 145
3.3.3.Lokasi .......... .................................................................... 146
3.3.4. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ................................................ 149
BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................................................................ 156
4.1. KONSEP PROGRAM .......................................................................... 156
4.1.1. Aspek Citra ................................................................................ 156
4.1.2. Performance Arsitektur .............................................................. 156
4.1.3. Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................. 157
4.1.4. Aspek Teknologi ........................................................................ 158
4.1.5. Ramah Lingkungan.................................................................... 158
4.2. TUJUAN PERANCANGAN, FAKTOR PENENTU PERANCANGAN, FAKTOR PERSYARATAN PERANCANGAN ..................................... 160
4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan ................................................................. 160
4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan .................................................... 161
4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .............................................. 162
4.3. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .................................................................. 164
4.3.1. Program Kegiatan ...................................................................... 164
4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................... 177
4.3.3. Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................. 181
4.3.4. Program Tapak .......................................................................... 187
4.3.4.1. Eksisting Tapak ............................................................. 190
4.3.4.2. Perbaikan Iklim Mikro Setempat ................................... 194
BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ........................................................................................... 199
5.1. KAJIAN TEORI PENEKANAN / TEMA DESAIN ................................. 199
5.1.1. Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Penekanan Desain ........................... 199
5.1.2. Studi Preseden .......................................................................... 206
5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penekanan Desain .................. 211
5.2. KAJIAN TEORI PERMASALAHAN DOMINAN................................... 212
5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Permasalahan Dominan ....... 212
5.2.2. Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................................. 218
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 219
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................................. 222
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 1.1 Alur Pikir Metoda Pengumpulan Data ..................................................... 6 Diagram 1.2 Alur Pikir Pengolahan Data dan Pemrograman .................................... 10 Diagram 2.1 Struktur Organisasi .............................................................................. 34 Diagram 3.1 Alur Kegiatan Seniman ........................................................................ 95 Diagram 3.2 Alur Kegiatan Pengunjung ................................................................... 96 Diagram 3.3 Alur Kegiatan Pengelola dan Staff ....................................................... 96 Diagram 3.4 Alur Kegiatan Pimpinan Galeri Seni ..................................................... 96 Diagram 3.5 Alur Kegiatan Wakil Pimpinan Galeri Seni ........................................... 97 Diagram 3.6 Alur Kegiatan Sekretaris dan Bendahara ............................................. 97 Diagram 3.7 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Koleksi dan Perawatan Beserta Staff ........................................................................................... 97 Diagram 3.8 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Pameran Beserta Staff Galeri Seni .......................................................................................... 98 Diagram 3.9 Alur Kegiatan Koordinator Gudang ...................................................... 98 Diagram 3.10 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Administrasi ...................................................... 98 Diagram 3.11 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Teknis dan Pemeliharaan Bangunan Beserta Staff ..................................................................... 99 Diagram 3.12 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Keamanan Beserta Staff .................................. 99 Diagram 3.13 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Perpustakaan Beserta Staff ............................ 99 Diagram 3.14 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Pengelola Cafe and Coffee Beserta Staff ........................................................................................................... 100 Diagram 3.15 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Publikasi Beserta Staff ................................... 100 Diagram 3.16 Alur Kegiatan Kepala bagian Kuratorial Beserta Staff ...................... 100 Diagram 3.17 Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Maintanence Beserta Staff ................. 101 Diagram 3.18 Alur Kegiatan Bagian Kebersihan Beserta Staff .............................. 101 Diagram 3.19 Pola Hubungan ruang Skala Makro .................................................. 102 Diagram 3.20 Pola Hubungan ruang Indoor dan Outdoor ....................................... 103 Diagram 3.21 Pola Hubungan ruang Pengelola ...................................................... 104 Diagram 3.22 Pola Hubungan ruang Pengunjung dan Seniman ............................. 105
Diagram 3.23 Pola Hubungan ruangService ........................................................... 106 Diagram 3.24 Skema Distribusi Air Bersih Sistem Down Fett ................................. 131 Diagram 3.25 Skema Distribusi Air Bersih Sistem Up Feet ..................................... 132 Diagram 3.26 Distribusi Jaringan Air Kotor ............................................................. 133 Diagram 3.27 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah .......................................................... 134 Diagram 3.28 Sistem Jaringan Komunikasi ............................................................. 144 Diagram 4.1 Skema Distribusi Air Bersih Sistem Down Feet .................................. 181 Diagram 4.2 Skema Distribusi Air Bersih Sistem Up Feet ....................................... 182 Diagram 4.3 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ............................................................ 182 Diagram 4.4 Sistem Jaringan Komunikasi ............................................................... 186 Diagram 5.1 Alur Pikir Tema ................................................................................... 199
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Tinggi Rata-Rata Manusia Indonesia ........................................................ 21Tabel 2.2 Dekripsi Kebutuhan Ruang Pameran ........................................................ 37Tabel 2.3 Dekripsi Kebutuhan Kegiatan Ilmiah ......................................................... 38Tabel 2.4 Dekripsi Kebutuhan Kegiatan Pendidikan ................................................. 38Tabel 2.5 Dekripsi Kebutuhan Kegiatan Pengelola Barang....................................... 39Tabel 2.6 Dekripsi Kebutuhan Kegiatan Pengelola Bangunan .................................. 39Tabel 2.7 Dekripsi Kebutuhan Cafe and Coffee ........................................................ 40Tabel 2.8 Dekripsi Kebutuhan Kegiatan Perawatan danTeknis Bangunan ...................................................................................................... 40 Tabel 2.9Kemiringan Lahan Tiap Kecamatan di Kota Surakarta Tahun2013 ................................................................................... 59
Tabel 2.10 Arahan Pembagian Sub Kota Pusat Tahun 2011-2031 ........................... 63Tabel 3.1 Jumlah Pendudukan Menurut Kecamatan dan Jenis Kelamin, KotaSurakarta Tahun 2012 ............................................................................................... 83
Tabel 3.2 Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Umur Kota Surakarta Tahun 2012 ................. 84Tabel 3.3 Kelompok Aktivitas Utama......................................................................... 86Tabel 3.4 KelompokAktivitas Pendukung .................................................................. 87Tabel 3.5 Kelompok Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................... 88Tabel 3.6 Jumlah Wisatawan 2003-2010 di Kota Surakarta ...................................... 90Tabel 3.7 Jumlah Pengelola Galeri Seni di Surakarta ............................................... 91Tabel 3.8 Sifat Ruang Kegiatan Pameran Galeri Seni di Surakarta .......................... 92Tabel 3.9 Sifat Ruang Kegiatan Ilmiah Galeri Seni di Surakarta ............................... 93Tabel 3.10 Sifat Ruang Kegiatan Pendidikan Galeri Seni di Surakarta ..................... 93Tabel 3.11 Sifat Ruang Kegiatan Pengelola BarangGaleri Seni di Surakarta ............................................................................................ 93
Tabel 3.12 Sifat Ruang Kegiatan Pengelola BangunanGaleri Seni di Surakarta ............................................................................................ 94
Tabel 3.13 Sifat Ruang Cafe and Coffee Galeri Seni di Surakarta ............................ 94Tabel 3.14 Sifat Ruang Kegiatan Perawatan dan Teknis BangunanGaleri Seni di Surakarta ............................................................................................ 95
Tabel 3.15 Studi Besaran Ruang Galeri Seni di Surakarta ..................................... 111Tabel 3.16 Peraturan Daerah Nomor 8 Tahun 2009 Kota Surakarta ...................... 120Tabel 3.17 Perhitungan Luas Bangunan ................................................................. 121Tabel 3,18 Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure .............................................................. 126
Tabel 3.19 Penilaian Alternatif Tapak...................................................................... 149Tabel 3.20 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Alternatif Tapak 1 ...................................... 151Tabel 3.21 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Alternatif Tapak 2 ...................................... 153Tabel 3.22 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Alternatif Tapak 3 ...................................... 155Tabel 4.1 Program Kegiatan ................................................................................... 172Tabel 4.2 Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan ..................................................................... 173Tabel 4.3 Sistem Struktur ........................................................................................ 177DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Jarak Pandang Mata Terhadap Lukisan ................................................ 21Gambar 2.2 Kemampuan Gerak Anatomi Manusia ................................................... 22Gambar 2.3 Sudut Pandang Mata ............................................................................. 22Gambar 2.4Sudut Pandang Mata Patung 3D Segala Sisi ......................................... 23 Gambar 2.5Sudut Pandang Mata Patung 3D 1(Satu) Sisi ........................................ 24
Gambar 2.6 Penyaringan Sinar Matahari .................................................................. 25Gambar 2.7 Sistem Pencahayaan Buatan ................................................................ 25Gambar 2.8 Contoh Seni Lukis Kontemporer ............................................................ 30Gambar 2.9 Contoh Seni Lukis Hyperrealist ............................................................. 30Gambar 2.10 Contoh Seni Lukis Grafis ..................................................................... 31Gambar 2.11 Contoh Seni Patung ............................................................................ 32Gambar 2.12 Contoh Seni Instalasi........................................................................... 33Gambar 2.13 Studi Pameran Outdoor ....................................................................... 44Gambar 2.14 Peta Jawa Tengah dan Kota Surakarta ............................................... 55Gambar 2.15 Peta Administrasi Kota Surakarta ........................................................ 57Gambar 2.16 Peta Tata Guna Lahan Kota Surakarta ............................................... 61Gambar 2.17 Peta Rencana Struktur Pelayanan Kota Surakarta ............................. 63Gambar 2.18 Foto Eksisting Lingkup Makro Proyek“Galeri Seni di Surakarta” Kecamatan Laweyan Kota Surakarta ............................... 65
Gambar 2.19 Foto Eksisting Lokasi Proyek“Galeri Seni di Surakarta” di Jalan Siwalan Kecamatan Laweyan Kota Surakarta ........................................................................ 68 Gambar 2.20Eksterior Museum & Galeri Affandi Yogyakarta ................................... 69
Gambar 2.21 Interior Museum & Galeri Affandi Yogyakarta-Kiri Interior Galeri 2-Kanan Interior Galeri 1 .............................................................. 69
Gambar 2.22 Museum & GaleriAffandi Yogyakarta-Kiri Interior Galeri 3-Kanan Interior Galeri 2 .............................................................. 70
Gambar 2.23 H.Widayat, Museum, Gallery & Art Shop............................................. 71Gambar 2.24 Interior H.Widayat, Museum, Gallery & Art Shop ................................ 73Gambar 2.25 Interior Galeri Hj. Soemini Art Shop..................................................... 73Gambar 2.26 Area Taman Art Shop .......................................................................... 74Gambar 2.27 Area Taman On The Spot ................................................................... 74Gambar 2.28 Contoh Gambar Struktur ..................................................................... 78Gambar 2.29 Contoh Gambar Pencahayaan Alami .................................................. 79Gambar 3.1 Menteri Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Mari Elka Pangestu memperhatikan perajin memasang Kristal Swarovsi untuk mempercantik busanabatik, khususnya busana perempuan di Kantor Pusat Batik Keris, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah ...................................................................................................................... 85
Gambar 3.2 Gambar Ruang Pameran/Display Pameran Besar .............................. 108Gambar 3.3 Gambar Ruang Pameran/Display Pameran Temporer ........................ 109Gambar 3.4 Gambar Ruang Seminar dan Workshop.............................................. 109Gambar 3.5 Gambar Ruang Koleksi ....................................................................... 109Gambar 3.6 Gambar Ruang Loading Dock ............................................................. 110Gambar 3.7 Lahan Alternatif 1(satu) yang Terpilih .................................................. 122Gambar 3.8 Gambar skema Sistem Penyaringan Grey Water ................................ 133Gambar 3.9 Alat Sistem Pemadam Kebakaran ....................................................... 134Gambar 3.10 AlatSmoke ......................................................................................... 135Gambar 3.11 AlatHeat Detector .............................................................................. 135Gambar 3.12 Alat Portable Fire Extinguisher .......................................................... 136Gambar 3.13 Hydrant Pillar ..................................................................................... 136Gambar 3.14 Penangkal Petir Model Franklin ......................................................... 138Gambar 3.15 Penangkal Petir Model Thomas ........................................................ 138Gambar 3.16 Penghawaan Alami............................................................................ 142Gambar 3.17 Sistem Wi-Fi ...................................................................................... 143Gambar 3.18 Peta Jateng dan Wilayah Surakarta .................................................. 145Gambar 3.19 Lokasi Site 1 ...................................................................................... 150Gambar 3.20 Kondisi Lokasi Site 1 ......................................................................... 150Gambar 3.21 Lokasi Site 2 ...................................................................................... 152Gambar 3.22 Kondisi Lokasi Site 2 ......................................................................... 152Gambar 3.23 Lokasi Site 3 ...................................................................................... 152Gambar 3.24 Kondisi Lokasi Site 3 ......................................................................... 152Gambar 4.1 Lahan Alternatif 1(satu) yang Terpilih .................................................. 174Gambar 4.2 Alat Sistem Pemadam Kebakaran ....................................................... 183Gambar 4.3 Alat Sistem Wi-Fi ................................................................................. 185Gambar 4.4 Batas Tapak Terpilih............................................................................ 190Gambar 4.5 Keadaan Eksisting Pada Tapak Terpilih .............................................. 191Gambar 4.6 Keadaan Jalan .................................................................................... 191Gambar 4.7 Keadaan Drainace ............................................................................... 192Gambar 4.8 Keadaan Utilitas Jalan Siwalan ........................................................... 193Gambar 4.9 Pohon Beringin .................................................................................... 194Gambar 4.10 Pohon Waru ...................................................................................... 195Gambar 4.11 Pohon Angsana ................................................................................. 196Gambar 4.12 Pohon Trembesi ................................................................................ 196Gambar 4.13 Rumput Gajah Mini ............................................................................ 197Gambar 4.14Macam Grass Block ........................................................................... 198 Gambar 5.1SeniLukisAliranKubismeKaryaPiccaso ................................................. 202
Gambar 5.2 Arsitektur De Stijil, Schroder House di Belanda, SertaSeni Lukis Aliran Kubisme di Paris .......................................................................... 203
Gambar 5.3 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Upper East Side Manhattan, New
York ......................................................................................................................... 206