A Vibratory-based Method For road Damage classification - Binus e-Thesis

  Article Info Title : A vibratory-based method for road damage classification Author : Fergyanto E Gunawan, Yanfi, and Benfano Soewitoo

Conf. : 2015 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applica-

tions (ISITIA), Surabaya, Indonesia, 20–21 May 2015 Indexing : Scopus Publisher : IEEE Xplore URL :

  ~ € ‚ ƒ „ …†‡ˆ ƒ ‰Š‹Œ Œ ŽŠ‰‰Œ ŠŠŒ ‰ ‘„ ˆ ƒ ’ ‰“„ …„ ”„ •’ –—’ Š–‰‰‰˜ ™‚ ‚ šˆ ““›œ’ ›€ ’  ž“’ ‰“„ …„ ”„ •’ –—’ Š–‰‰‰˜ Published in: Int elligent Technology and It s Applicat ions (ISITIA), 2015 Int ernat ional Seminar on Dat e of Conference: 20-21 M ay 2015

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