Messages as revealed in the influence of Pagan Pentrevah on Janie`s Ambition and Principle in A Girl Possessed by Violet Winspear - USD Repository

  

MESSAGES AS REVEALED IN THE INFLUENCE OF PAGAN

PENTREVAH ON JANIE’S AMBITION AND PRINCIPLE IN A

GIRL POSSESSED BY VIOLET WINSPEAR

  AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

  By Risca Saphira Wieliana H

  Student Number: 084214029

  

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2014

  

MESSAGES AS REVEALED IN THE INFLUENCE OF PAGAN

PENTREVAH ON JANIE’S AMBITION AND PRINCIPLE IN A

GIRL POSSESSED BY VIOLET WINSPEAR

  AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of SarjanaSastra in English Letters

  By Risca Saphira Wieliana H

  Student Number: 084214029

  

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2014

WHEN GOD PUSHES YOU TO THE EDGE OF DIFFICULTY,

  TRUST HIM FULLY BECAUSE TWO THINGS WILL HAPPEN. EITHER HE WILL CATCH YOU WHEN YOU FALL OR HE WILL TEACH YOU HOW TO FLY

• Anonymous- The Word LISTEN contains the same letters as the word SILENT
• Alfred Brendel-

FINISH WHAT YOU HAVE STARTED

• Anonymous-

THIS THESIS IS DEDICATED TO:

  MY LORD, JESUS CHRIST MY BELOVED PARENTS, LITTLE SISTER AND BROTHER MY BIG FAMILY MY BEST FRIEND, WHEREVER THEY ARE

AND FOR YOU

  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

  I would really like to thank my Lord, Jesus Christ, for all chances, strength, and gifts that He has given during my life. I am really blessed because He always loves and helps me either in good or bad time.

  I would like to thank my lovely little family for their support and blessing, belief and love, joke and mock, especially their patience to understand me. Therefore, thank you my Father, Muchri Hartono, my Mother, Francisca Endang Astuti P, my little Sister, Bernadetta Risa, and my little Brother, Ignatius Racsi. I love to be one of Hartono family. My big family, grandpas and grandmas, uncles and aunties, thanks for everything you give me during my thesis writing. I would like to thank Father YB. Rudy Hardono, Pr, for supporting me and giving me blessing.

  My sincere gratitude goes to my major advisor Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M. Hum. for his guidance and patience in the process of writing this undergraduate thesis so that I was able to finish my thesis. For my co-advisor Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani M.

  Hum, I thank her for her guidance, suggestion, and correction which lead me to the right step.

  I also would like to thank Pringgodani 8 ’s family: Bebeh, Blue, Bang Dwi,

  Bang Rhino, Mbak Nur, Ichul, Gembel,Azkan and Dika, thanks for your supports, advices, mocks, guidance, and times for helping me to finish this game. My beloved friends Danur Arum Andaru, Santi Ayu Eka SarI, for giving me permission to spend a lot of days to finish this thesis at their home, Agustinus Ifan, Melun Diharjo, Welly Setiawan, Felix Ivan Thambun, Bima Saputra, Pamungkas A., Aya Mahya, Cahya Panca, thank you for your support guys. Special for Sekar Nagari Wedding

  Organizer, the place where I can grow to be who I am now. My Boss, Dra. Maria Yosephine Hariati, thank you for giving me permission to finish my thesis during my task in office.

  And last but not least, thanks for John Miranda Paul, my lovely motivation, for always supporting and believing in me that I can finish it on time. Wherever you are, whatever you do, whenever you will come again, thanks for your love, boy! And for all people who have not been mentioned yet, you will always be in my heart.

  My big appreciation is to all of you guys for coloring my life and making it fun.

  Risca Saphira Wieliana Hartono

  TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL PAGE ......................................................................................... ii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE .................................................................................... iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ....................................................... iv

MOTTO PAGE ................................................................................................. v

DEDICATION PAGE ..................................................................................... vi

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ............................ vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................ viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ x

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... xi

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... xii

  

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1

A. Background of the study ........................................................................ 1 B. Problem Formulation ............................................................................. 5 C. Objectives of the Study .......................................................................... 5 D. Definition of Terms ................................................................................ 5

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW .................................................. 8

A. Review of Related Study ....................................................................... 8 B. Review of Related Theory ..................................................................... 10 1. Theory of Character and Characterization ....................................... 10 2. Theory of Message ........................................................................... 14 C. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................... 15

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................... 17

A. Objective of the Study ........................................................................... 17 B. Approach of the Study ........................................................................... 18 C. Method of the Study ............................................................................... 19

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 20

A. The Characteristic of Main Character .................................................... 21 1. The Characteristic of Janie Laure .................................................... 22 2. The Characteristic of Pagan Pentrevah ............................................. 28 B. The Influence of Pagan to Janie’s Ambition and Principle ................... 32 1. The Relation Between Pagan and Janie ........................................... 32 2. The Influence of Pagan to Janie’s Ambition .................................... 35 3. The Influence of Pagan to Janie’s Principle .................................... 39 C. The Messages of Love as Revealed in the Influence of Pagan to Janie’s Ambition and Principle .......................................................................... 43

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ....................................................................... 49

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 51

APPENDIX ........................................................................................................ 53

Summary of A Girl Possessed ............................................................................ 53

  

ABSTRACT

  RISCA SAPHIRA WIELIANA HARTONO (2014). Messages as Revealed in the

  

Influence of Pagan Pentrevah on Janie’s Ambition and Principle in A Girl

Possessed by Violet Winspear.Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty

of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.

  This study focuseson the novel entitled A Girl Possessed by Violet Winspear which was first published in 1981. The novel tells a story of young lady who has ambition to be a great actress, named Janie Laure. Her principle is that love is not a concrete thing in this world. Love is a myth and just a part of fiction. Then she realizethat love is real, when she get experience by herself to love a guy.

  There are three problems in this thesis: how the character of Janie Laure and Pagan Pentrevah are described, how Janies’s ambition and principle are influenced by Pagan, and what mesaages are revea led from the influence of Pagan on Janie’s ambition and principle.

  The primary source is the novel itself. Meanwhile, the secondary sources are some relevant and supporting theories and references. The new-criticism approach is appropriate to analyze the problem together with the theories. The theory of character from Richard Gill, William Kenney, and M.H. Abrams, supported by the characterization theory from M.J. Murphy, Edgar V. Robert and Henry E. Jacobs, are applied to this study to analyze the characteristics of Janie and Pagan. Theory on messages by Jerome Beaty and Paul Hunter are used to analyze messages in the influence of Pagan on Janies’s ambition and principle.

  The writer finds out that Violet W inspear uses character’s personal description, character as seen by another, conversation of others, character’s reaction, and character’s thought in describing Janie and Pagan’s characteristic. The writer finds out that the characteristic of Janie Laure are charismatic, kind and trustworthy, and insecure. Meanwhile, Pagan Pentrevah is a masculine man who treats women politely and respectfully. His power and authority make people around him feel intimidated. The writer finds out that the influence of Pagan on Janie is through their togethernessthat becomes intimate and grows love between both of them. Janie develops to be a new individual who believes in love and chooses to forget her ambition. The messages which are revealed from the influence of Pagan are (1) love is powerful, but complicated; (2) love is real, but unspeakable; (3) and love is about being together, not being apart.

  

ABSTRAK

  RISCA SAPHIRA WIELIANA HARTONO (2014). Messages as Revealed in the

  

Influence of Pagan Pentrevah on Janie’s Ambition and Principle in A Girl

Possessed by Violet Winspear.Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty

of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.

  Skripsi ini mengenai novel yang berjudul A Girl Possessed karangan Violet Winspear dan diterbitkan pertama kali pada tahun 1981.Novel ini menceritakan tentang seorang gadis muda yang memiliki ambisi untuk menjadi seorang artis yang hebat, bernama Janie Laure.Dia memiliki prinsip bahwa cinta bukanlah hal yang mutlak di dunia ini, cinta hanya sebatas mitos dan bagian dari fiksi belaka.Kemudian saat dia bertemu dengan orang yang dia cintai, dia akhirnya menyadari bahwa cinta itu benar ada, khususnya saat dia bersebelahan dengan orang yang diacintai.

  Studi ini memiliki tiga rumusan masalah, yaitu bagaimana karakteristik dari Janie dan Pagan digambarkan, apa saja pengaruh Pagan terhadap kehidupan Janie, khususnya ambisi dan prinsip hidupnya, dan pesan-pesan apa yang didapat dari pengaruh tersebut.

  Sumber utama diambil dari novel itu sendiri. Sedangkan sumber pendukung diambil dari teori-teori serta sumber-sumber yang relevan dan menunjang. Pendekatan kritik yang baru dan teori-teori yang ada dianggap cocok untuk membahas perumusan masalah yang ada.Teori karakterdari Richard Gill, William Kenney, dan M.H. Abrams, didukung dengan teori karakteristik dari M.J. Murphy serta Edgar V. Robert dan Henry E. Jacobs digunakan untuk menganalisis karakteristik dari Pagan dan Janie. Hubungan antara karya sastra dan pesan-pesan moral Jerome Beaty dan Paul Hunter digunakan untuk menganalisa pesan-pesan moral yang didapat dari pengaruh Pagan terhadap ambisi dan prinsip Janie.

  Penulis menemukan bahwa Violet Winspear menggunakan deskripsi personal, karakter seperti yang terlihat oleh karakter lain, percakapan oleh karakter lain, reaksi, dan pemikiran si karakter untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik Janie dan Pagan. Penulis menemukan beberapa karakteristik Janie, yaitu karismatik,ramah, dapat dipercaya, dan kurang percaya diri. Sedangkan Pagan adalah seorang yang maskulin, menunjukan sifat laki-laki lewat sopan santun dan caranya menghargai wanita, serta kekuatan dan kekuasaannya yang membuat mampu mengintimidasi seseorang. Penulis menemukan pengaruh Pagan terhadap Janie adalah melalui kebersamaan mereka yang menumbuhkan cinta diantara keduanya. Janie menjadi pribadi baru yang percaya akan cinta dan memilih melupakan ambisinya. Pesan yang terdapat dalam pengaruh tersebutyaitu, (1) cinta itu sangat kuat tapi juga membingungkan; (2) cinta itu nyata tapi susah untuk diungkapkan; dan (3) cinta itu berarti kebersamaan bukan terpisah.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study C. Hugh Holman and William Harmon mention in A Handbook to Literature that one of the literary works that presents in narrativeand refers to a

  prose work is a novel. All novels are written in fictional narratives of life and experience, either deal with human beings in significant action or the development as the result of events or actions. The novels not only concentrate on character, but also represents of plot, theme, idea, conflict, and moral values. It may be solidly plotted with a structure as firm and tragedy, naturalism, an image of linguistic and syntactic (1986: 336).

  A novel is a prose narrative that describes fictional character in the form of a sequential story. It has close relation to reality because it contains of complexities of life, the story of everyday, that finally written and presented in literature form.

  A romance presents the ordinary experience of human being in fantastic journey and describes it using big illusion or joke. The purposes of romance novel are giving and making believe the reader in moral and ideal issues. In the development of this genre, itdoes not onlypresents about love, lovers, and their happy ending love story, but also shows the conflict between the lovers and their exotic place, highly exciting and heroic events, passionate love, or mysterious or supernatural experiences “The character of the novel is the person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, which are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in their dialogue and their action

  ” (Abrams. 1993: 23). The characters in the novel could influence each other by the conflict or their dialogue. As the result the character can develop their personality to be good or bad at the end of the story. The development of the character could be changed directly by advised, critics, or share between the characters. Besides, they can be also developed by their experience, such as watching and feeling a conflict or incident that happened on their life. But, it takes a long time to change than if they hear someone ask them to change.

  A Girl Possessed is a novel written by Violet Winspear. The novel is the

  story of Janie Laure as the main character who is an actress. She has strong ambition to prove her majority in act and brings her to focus on her career only.

  But, ironically, in her early life she must work with others. She moves from one place into another until one day, her journey brings her to meet Pagan Pentrevah which offered her to act as his wife.

  Janie not only has an ambition to be an actress, but also has strong principle about love. She does not believe of true love. For her, real true love is happened in the fairy tale not in the reality. Love is a kind of absurd thing that

  For some people, love has several meanings that they always try to formulate. The others do not believe the existence of love that works in human reality, like what Janie thought. For lovers, love itself always has its own meaning that made their life meaningful whenever they have touch by someone they loved.

  However, still love is the most absurd thing in this world with biggest contribution in human life that no one will have the right answer to describe it.

  Through the novel, Winspear tries to show the reader that in romance world, love can change everything. It can change a person from bad to good or the other way around. By no rational reason, a person takes a different way to get their love, even if they must sacrifice what is important to their life, like job, money, priority, and in Janie‟s cases, ambition. Furthermore, it can be seen how the love changed her principle when she believes in love after she feels a strong emotion to Pagan, a stranger that she does not know at the beginning. Then, the power of love also can stop her ambition and choose to forget it and live with someone she loved.

  By reading the novel, the reader will get another perspective of love story that represented the reality of human life rather than a fairy tale. The reader can understand how someone‟s life becomes different after they know the real power of love.

  This thesis discusses her alteration, all the more in her principle and ambition. The thesis also compares Janie ‟s life before and after she Janie is Pagan‟s new wife. At the beginning Janie tries to refuse his request. She does not feel confident with her ability to act, but, Pagan pushes her continuously by mocking her until she gets mad and agrees to act as his wife. Slowly, their togetherness makes Janie fall in love. Love has ability in controlling human feeling and gets Janie forget her principle that does not believe in love.

  From this point of view, the writer feels that those issues are worth studying. The changes of the character‟s ambition and principle, and the influenced ofanother character bring her to develop to better person that make the writer interest to discuss them deeper in this graduate thesis. The messages that appear from this issue also give some important lesson for the writer and the reader.

  At the end of this study, the writer hopes that this thesis can contribute a new perspectiveabout love which can inspire or influenceothers and give deep impact to human life. The writer also hopes that this thesis will give the reader an understanding about the possibility that the ambition and principle might be changed by several experiences, especially the intents relation with others.Moreover, somemessages that come up from this topic and novel can give the reader a new point of view about life and also love.

  B. Problem Formulation

  To understand this novel better, three problems were formulated as follows: 1.

  How are the characters of Janie Laure and Pagan Pentrevah described in Violet Winspear‟sA Girl Possessed? 2. How are the influence of Pagan Pentrevah to Janie‟s Ambition and

  Principle? 3. What are the messages in the influence of Pagan to Janie‟s Ambition and

  Principle? C.

   Objectives of the Study

  This study aims at describing and giving the answer to the three problems formulation above.The study has purpose to analyze and to understand the character‟s development, especially Janie Laure‟s ambition and principle.

  Firstly, is to find out how Janie Laure and Pagan Pentrevah are characterized in the novel.The second purpose is to explore the influence of Pagan Pentrevah to Janie

  ‟s ambition and principle.And the last objective is to find out the messages that can be seen in the changes of Janie ‟s ambition and principle influenced by Pagan.

  D. Definition of the Term

  There are some terms that support the analysis. Those terms are character,

1. Character

  According to Edgar (1985 :143) “Character in Literature, generally, and in fiction, specifically, is an extended verbal representation of a human being, the inner-self that determiners thought, speech, and behavior

  ”. The character is represented human being in literary works, such as novel, poem, and drama. It shows every aspect of human life, thought, conversation with others, behavior, image, and appearance.

2. Influence

  In Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, influence is defined as to have an effect on the way someone or something develops, behaves, think, etc without directly forcing or commanding them (1995: 933).

  3. Ambition As cited from

  Webster’s Encyclopedic UmbridgedDictionary of the

English Language, ambition is an earnest desire for some type of achievement or

  distinction as power, fame, wealth, etc, and the willingness to strive for its attainment (1989: 46).

  4. Principle “Principle is fundamental truths, laws or motivating forces, upon which

  5.Messages A ccording to Beaty and Hunter, “Message is the real meaning or some easy conclusion that can be simply stated or summarized inside a work of art

  ” (1989: 899). While Sinclair states “Message is defined as an idea that someone tries to communicate to people. It is also the meaning, thought, or idea that is intended to express” (1956:490)

THEORETICAL REVIEW

  This chapter contains three sub-chapters. The first is review of related studies. This sub-chapter tells the readers about other studies of A Girl Possessed, whether the book or the author. The second is review of related theories. This sub- chapter tells the reader about some theories that used to analyze and help the writer answer the problem formulation. The last sub-chapter is theoretical framework. This sub-chapter contains of the uses of the theories.

A. Review of Related Studies

  A Girl Possessed is an old novel which has only few related comments or

  reviews either in others thesis or in the internet. The majority of comments and reviews refer to the author, Violet Winspear, and the topic, the influence of characters and the messages of the novel.

  Violet Winspear lived in South-east England and dedicated herself to romance novel. She never married and got inspiration from her nephew Jonathan to write. In her own comment, she said that the purpose of romance is to offer people who read the romance work entertainment and escape from reality world.

  (goodreads.com, 2013) Then in 1970, she created a maelstrom when she claimed that her heroes "frighten and fascinate. They must be the sort of men who are capable of rape".

  Violet Winspear‟s novels take the reader around the world, even though some of them are uninspiring. She excels at boldly using the written words to vividly bring to life the surrounding of her plot. For example, The Palace of The

  

Peacockcs(1969) .Employing the same motif of sexual antagonism, critics say that

  Winspear, contrasts her hero and heroine in such extremes that the heroine lacks awareness of her own sexuality against the hero who is fully aware of his. This lends her stories an acute imbalance in character development where the heroine is left bemused with an alpha male hero who exerts overwhelming control over every situation, for example her novel, The Time of The Temtress (1978).

  (wikipedia.com, 2013).

  PebrianiLumbanTobing in her undergraduate thesis entitled “Messages Revealed from Anna‟s Relationship with Her Family as Seen in Jodi Picoult‟sMy Sister’s Keeper” discussed about the messages.

  The message can be learned from the relationship Anna with her family in this

  My Sister’s Keeper novel. It is not only Anna‟s relationship with her

  sister, who need her denotation, but also with her mother, father, and mother (Tobing: 2013) Again, Maria Magdalena AriyaniLusiyana, also discussed the messages that revealed from the character in her undergraduate thesis “Discovering the

  Messages through the Character and Plot in George Elliot‟s Adam Bede”.

  After doing the analysis of George Elliot‟s Adam Bede, the writer sees there are some messages in story. The writer finds the messages through the characters and the plot of the story (Lusiyana: 2006) From those reviews, it can be said that messages can be presented on many messages uses to teach bad or good from the experience of the character until the development of character.

  Those two undergraduate theses discuss the same topic about messages which are revealed from the relationship and the character and plot. However, none of the above discusses the messages that revealed from the influence of one character to another character. Therefore, to make this study different from other studies, the writer analysis the messages those come from the influence of one character to another character.

B. Review of Related Theories

  In this sub-chapter, the writer will give some theories on character and characterization that useful to help to answer the problem formulation that stated previously.

1. Theory on Character and Characterization

  Richard Gill states that a character is a person in literary work. He also says It has some similarity with real person in real life. Character is someone who has name, identity, description of appearance, do an action, and created by an author by selected real people‟s personality and put together in order to create new character in literary work (1995: 127) According to William Kenney, character is divided into two types, simple character and complex character. Simple character only shows their basic information without any changing or development, while In other hand, round lifelike than a simple character. The round character usually surprising the reader by a higher kind of achievement than the simple (1975: 28

• – 30) Character is divided into two types, simple (flat) character and complex (round) character. Flat character gives the reader the description of the human personality only, not their attitude or obsession, in other hand, round character gives the reader all sides of a character and brings description more lifelike than a simple character. The round character usually surprising the reader by a higher kind of achievement than the simple (1975: 28)

  Abrams says that: Characters are the person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say

• –the dialogue- and by what they do
• –the action(1993: 23) Based on the quotation above, it can be said that a character is a human interpretation in literary work which has a personality. The personality can be seen from their conversation, opinion, and argument with others and their behavior, attitude, and the way they solve their problem.

  Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs explain that a character is a representation of human being, in fiction. From their dialogue, action and commentary they determine their though, speech, and behavior (1989: 143)

  Moreover, Roberts and Jacobs also divided character into two types, Round (protagonist) and Flat.

  In their explanation they added the “antagonist” character that might change the “protagonist” to be developed at the end of the story. They said

  The round character or dynamic can be said as unpredictable human traits

  In the other hand, flat character or static is a character that do not changes or grow, it performs only their function and disappear from the story. In addition, Roberts and Jacobs explain that the flat character is usually minor, but not all minor characters are flat. A flat character can be the parents of major character, someone who become an assistant of major character in the office, and so on (1989: 145-146) According to M. J. Murphy, we can understand the real people from their appearance, for instance their dress, shoes, accessories, gesture, and so on. Their expression, voices, and their eyes when they have conversation with others also give us the description of their personality. We also can get the information about him or her, from their family, wife or husband, friends, or even someone who work with them (1972: 161)

  The characters in the novel need less time to understand than the real people behave and act. The author using the “eye-of-god” as a ways in which the author attempts to make his characters understandable to the reader.

  a.

  Personal Description “The author gives a description of the character appearance” (1972: 161).

  The reader will get an image of the character, her eyes, her skin color, her gesture, her dress, her shoes, her hair, and so on. b.Character as seen by another

  “The others character can give the information of one character, through their eyes and opinion about her ”(1972: 162). The readers understand it from a reflected image. c.

  Speech “From what they say and their conversation to others, by his or her choices of word, their body language, and their opinion, the author gives some clue about her character” (1972: 164). The readers know the characteristic from the way character speech to other. d.Past Life

  “A person‟s past life can give the reader clue to events that have helped to shape a person‟s character. It can be shown by direct comment by the author, though the person‟s thoughts, and through the conversation of another person” (1972: 166). The readers get clues through past experience that influenced the personality of the characters.

  e.

  Conversation of others “The information about one character can be achieved from the other‟s conversation and what they say about him. People do talk about other people and the things they say often give as a clue to the character of the person spoken

  ”(1972: 167). The readers get the information of the character from the conversation of others character.

  f.

  Reaction “The author can also give us information to a person‟s character by letting us know how their reacts to various situations, events, and incidents, for instance, her reaction to someone opinion or argument, her reaction to someone attitude g.Direct Comment “The author can describe or comment on a person‟s character directly

  ”(1972: 170). The reader easily gets the description of the character from author comment or opinion because it is directly shown in the novel. h.Thoughts

  “The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. In this respect she is able to do what we cannot do in real life. She can tell us what different people are thinking

  ”(1972: 171). The readers know the characteristic through that person‟s thinking of. i.

  Mannerisms “The author can describe a person‟s mannerisms, habits, or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about his character

  ”(1972: 173).The readers know the character from the behavior, habit, and attitude.

  In this study not all of Murphy‟s theories are used. Only some of them which are used to analyze the characterization of characters, there are Personal Description, Character as Seen by Another, Speech, Past Life, Conversation of others, Direct Comment, Reaction and Thoughts.

2.Theory of Messages

  A message is the most important thing from the literary work that used to tell another through a film, novel, speech, etc. It belongs to intrinsic elements in

  Message can also be defined as an idea that someone tries to communicate to people. For example in a play, speech, or the meaning, the thought or idea that is intended to express (Sinclair, 1988: 490)

  Beaty states, “Message is the real meaning or some easy conclusion that can be simply stated or summarized inside a work of art” (1989: 899). It brings to simplification and gives the illusion that a work of literature exist for its statement that tempts the readers through the story, drama, poem, etc. to get the real meaning.

  As discussed above, message in a novel is considered as a simple conclusion related to practical moral lesson that can be taken through the story.

  Message in novel is also having a close relation to problems in life, such as attitude, behavior or action. The readers can find them in the real life, in the same manner as the are reflected in the story through its character.

C. Theoretical Framework

  There are three problems which are going to discuss in the thesis. They are character, the influence of Pagan to Janie‟s Ambition and Principle, and the messages that appear from the character‟s development.

  The writer uses some theories of character and characterization as well to analyze the description of Janie Laure and Pagan Pentrevah as the main character of the story. In this analysis, the writer also sees the influence of Pagan to Janie‟s also helps the writer to conclude some important lesson from the story as a simple conclusion that have some values.

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study The object of the study is one of Violet Winspear novels entitled A Girl Possessed. This novel was printed by Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press) in Great Britain and was published in 1981 by Mills and Boon Limited in London. It

  contains 192 pages, including some reviews of Mill and Boon‟s other novels. A

  

Girl Possessed is distributed into some countries, United Kingdom, Republic of

Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Malaysia.

  A Girl Possessed

  is romance novel; one of the Winspear‟s works who has started sold her fiction novel to Mills and Boon in 1961. Since that she become a full-time writer for Mills and Boon and already created 45 novels.

  Generally, the novel tells about Jane Larue or Janie who has ambition to be a big actress. She lived in London and commonly did a trip to some place around her home. One day, her trip brought her to meet Pagan Pentrevah, a Lord of Pentrevah‟s Tower. He wanted her to pretend to be married to him, because, he said, he wanted to keep his ex-wife Roxanne at bay. At the beginning, Janie tried to refuse Pagan‟s request, but then Pagan was challenging her to prove her ability in act.

  Pagan‟s request was accepted by Janie, and she played a role as the for Pagan and want Pagan to be with her. To fulfill her desire, she must compete with Pagan‟s ex-wife which still haunted Pagan‟s life. Moreover, she struggles to ensure that Pagan has the same feeling like she has or not.

  The novel not only offered a romance story about the exoticism and romanticism of love and lovers, but it also reflected the effect of the strong emotion that can control human life. Love was not always give human a beautiful and happiness side, it has a dark side too which can drop human to hopelessness.

B. Approach of the Study

  To analyze the novel and answer the problems stated in problem formulation, the writer applies new criticism approach in order to help the writer in analyzing the novel.

  A new criticism approach concentrates the work itself (Guerin, 1979: 20). The theory sees that there is no relation between the work with the universe, author, and the reader. Literary is the literary that stand alone out of the extrinsic elements.

  New Criticism also believe literary has central unity that should be found by the reader by interpret what exist on the text or by see the contribution from the parts of the literary which has role to create the whole literary work. The important topic which become the central focus of New Criticism is the theme which not only explained the meaning, but also seen the tone that used. In the

  th

  John Crowe Ransom in A Glossary of Literary Terms, 6 Edition by Abrams mentions that New Criticism was a movement in literary theory that dominated American Literary Criticism. New Criticism often performed a “close reading” of the text and believed the structure and meaning of the text were intimately connected and should not be analyzed separately. It was focusing on the intrinsic qualities of a work rather than on its biographical or historical context (1993: 246-247) C.

   Method of the Study

  This study is a library research. There are also the sources the writer used in the study. The sources are divided into two, primary source and secondary sources. The primary source is the novel itself, A Girl Possessedby Violet Winspear. And the secondary sources are some books of theories such as: Edgar

V. Robert and Henry E. Jacobs‟s Fiction: An Introduction to Reading and Writing

  (1989), and Understanding Unseen by M. J. Murphy (1972) to help the writer analyze the character and characterization. Some sources from the internet help the writer to get some reviews of related studies of others.

  There are some steps taken in doing this study. The first step was reading the novel and understanding the point of the novel. The second step was deciding the question and approach that is used for the novel to understand how to analyze the novel. The third step was collecting some data and theories to help answering on the data and the theories that had been collected. And the last step is making a conclusion.

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS The writer divides the analysis into three parts based on the problem

  formulation. First, the writer answers the first problem formulation about the characteristic of the main character of the novel, Janie Laure and Pagan Pentrevah. The characterization of the two main characters discusses in the first sub-chapter. Second, the analysis discusses the influence of Pagan Pentrevah to Janie Laure‟s ambition and principle that cause some development to Janie‟s character. The last sub-chapter reveals some messages that appear from the changes of Janie‟s character.

A. The Characteristics of Main Characters

  Main character or major character is commonly called protagonist. Major character is the individual who contributes the most to the story or who is the most important character of the story. It might be only one character called the main character in the novel, but it is also possible to have several main characters in one novel.

  In A Girl Possessed, the main characters are Janie and Pagan. They both get impact from the antagonist, Roxanne, and become the focus of the whole story in that novel. For that reason, the writer discusses two main characters, Janie

  Their characteristics can be found from their conversation to others, perso nal description of their appearance, the character‟s opinion, the author‟s direct comment, childhood background, and how they solve the conflict.

  Murphy‟s theory on characterization is used to answer the first problem formulation about the characteristic of Janie and Pagan.

1. Janie’s Characteristics

  The author gives pe rsonal description about Janie‟s physical appearance, such as age, haircut, and the color of the eyes.As Murphy states in his book

  Understanding Unseen

  “the author can describe a person‟s appearance and clothes” (1972: 161).

  Janie Laure is a twenty-two young lady. Her innocence brings her to dramatize everything which touches her life and make her see a man with different perspective. For her, a man is a new comer and not necessarily to be a part of her life. She is inspired by Joan of Arc that makes her haircut short like a boy. Her smart green eyes will look shining every time she feels happy, on the contrary, it will look dreary if something disturb herself and make her uncomfortable.

  It had kept her curiously innocent at the age of twenty-two, and in a milieu where affairs of the heart were a common occurrence it had kept her chaste. When Jane Laure looked at a man with her wide-apart eyes he felt as he might have done in the presence of a novice, and the Joan of Arc way she wore her hair added to her untouched look. The part of Joan was one that Janie longed to play, and in dreamy expectation of this miracle

  Murphy also state in Understanding Unseen that the reader can get some clues about the characteristic of the character from what character said and their conversation towards other (1972: 162). In this case, from her reaction to her grandmother

  ‟s advice to find a lovely-nice man, the writer is able to get one of her characteristic which is skeptic to love and does not believe in love. “I think love‟s an illusion,” was Janie‟s rejoinder. “It‟s a lovely fiction which has little to do with real life.” (1981: 6). In the other occasion, when she has a little chat with Pagan‟s young sister, Tristana, she also gives pressure in her statement about love.“I‟ll be honest with you,” Janie said quietly. “Your brother needed me and that‟s why I‟m here, but I have no deep trust in love.”(1981: 96)

  As 22 years- old young lady, Janie has a dream which she‟d like to make it true at the future. She is not allowed unimportant thing, like love, disturb her ambition to be a greatest actress ever. She already takes career as an actress and she has so strong ambition to improve her career. From her conversation to Pagan, Janie also states her ambition in her life that she really wants to be an actress.

  “I‟ve managed to fill up my life and I‟m ambitious,” she rejoined. “I‟m going to ma ke it as an actress” (1981: 57).Moreover, Janie said to Pagan that all she wanted is to become an actress. “I know very well what I want, and that‟s to be a successfu l actress” (1981: 111).

  Other characteristics come from Pagan‟s opinion about her, when they meet for the first time and Pagan knows that she is an actress. As Murphy state, from the other characters can give information of one character, the reader will understand from a reflected image (1972: 162).

  From his opinion, the writer understands that although Janie is an actress, she is not as glamorous as other actresses that Pagan though.