The intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, as revealed in Jean Kwok`s Girl in Translation - USD Repository
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
THE INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER,
KIMBERLY CHANG, AS REVEALED
IN JEAN KWOK’S GIRL IN TRANSLATION
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Nieza Ayurisma
Student Number: 081214021
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
THE INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER,
KIMBERLY CHANG, AS REVEALED
IN JEAN KWOK’S GIRL IN TRANSLATION
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Nieza Ayurisma
Student Number: 081214021
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
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ABSTRACT
Ayurisma, Nieza. 2012. The Intrapersonal Conflicts of the Main Character,
Kimberly Chang, as Revealed in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. Yogyakarta:
English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts
Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma
University.
This thesis analyzes intrapersonal conflicts which are experienced by the
main character in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation and how she solves her
intrapersonal conflicts. This novel tells about the struggle of a Chinese young girl
who moves to America after her father’s death. She experinces conflicts with
people around her and conflict within herself in her new place. The focus of this
study is the analysis of conflicts within herself.
There are two research problems in this study: (1) What are the
intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s
Girl in Translation? (2) How does the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean
Kowok’s Girl in Translation, solve the conflict? The aims of this study are to
indentify intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean
Kwok’s Girl in Translation and to find out how Kimberly Chang solves her
intrapersonal conflict. The writer uses psychological approach and theory of
conflict to answer the two problems. The method of this study is library study.
The primary source of this study is Girl in Translation novel and the secondary
sources are some books related to the analysis of the novel such as book on
theories of psychology, Encylopedia of psychology, and journals.
There are two conclusions which are resulted from the analysis. The first
conclusion is the intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly Chang. They are the
intrapersonal conflicts about telling the truth to her mother, moving into the new
apartment or staying in the old apartment, accepting or refusing Luke’s challenge,
studying the private school or the public school, keep using handmade underwear
or buying the new one, questioning whether Matt likes Kimberly or not, staying in
the exhausting life cycle or escaping, keep struggling for oral examination or
giving up, and telling the truth about Kimberly’s baby or not. The second
conclusion is how Kimberly Chang solves the conflicts. She uses mediation,
integrative negotiation, “know who is involved”, and “determine the conflict
source” to solve her intrapersonal conflicts.
Keywords: conflict, intrapersonal conflict, conflict resolution
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ABSTRAK
Ayurisma, Nieza. 2012. The Intrapersonal Conflicts of the Main Character,
Kimberly Chang, as Revealed in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation.Yogyakarta:
Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas
Pendidikan dan Ilmu Keguruan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini menganalisa konflik intrapersonal yang dialami oleh tokoh
utama dalam novel Girl in Translation karangan Jean Kwok dan bagaimana
pemeran utama memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya. Novel ini menceritakan
tentang perjuangan seorang gadis muda keturunan China yang pindah ke Amerika
setelah kematian ayahnya. Gadis ini mengalami berbagai konflik dengan orangorang disekitarnya dan juga berbagai konflik dengan dirinya di tempat barunya.
Poin utama penulisan ini adalah analisa konflik di dalam dirinya.
Ada dua masalah dalam penulisan ini: (1) Apa saja konflik-konflik
intrapersonal tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in
Translation? (2) Bagaimana tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s
Girl in Translation memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya?. Tujuan dari penulisan
ini adalah mengidentifikasi konflik intrapersonal tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang,
dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation dan menemukan bagaimana Kimberly
Chang memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan
psikologis dan teori konflik untuk menjawab dua masalah tersebut. Metode
penulisan ini adalah studi pustaka. Sumber utama dari penulisan ini adalah novel
Girl in Translation dan sumber-sumber pendukung adalah buku-buku mengenai
berbagai teori psikologi, ensiklopedia psikologi, dan berbagai jurnal.
Ada dua kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari analisa. Kesimpulan pertama
adalah sembilan konflik intrapersonal yang dialami oleh Kimberly Chang.
Konflik- konflik itu adalah konflik tentang mengatakan kebenaran atau berbohong
kepada ibunya, pindah ke apartemen baru atau tinggal di apartemen lama,
menerima atau menolak tantangan Luke, belajar di sekolah swasta atau sekolah
negeri, tetap memakai baju dalam buatan tangan atau membeli yang baru,
keraguan apakah Matt menyukai Kimberly atau tidak, tinggal di siklus hidup yang
melelahkan atau melarikan diri, tetap berjuang untuk ujian lisan atau menyerah,
dan mempertahankan bayinya atau melakukan aborsi. Kesimpulan kedua adalah
cara-cara yang digunakan Kimberly untuk memecahkan konflik-konflik
intrapersonalnya. Ia menggunakan mediasi, negosiasi integratif, “tahu siapa yang
terlibat”, dan “menentukan sumber konflik” untuk memecahkan sembilan konflik
intrapersonalnya.
Kata Kunci : Konflik, konflik intrapersonal, pemecahan konflik
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DEDICATION PAGE
“I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me”.
( Philippians 4: 13)
“For with God nothing shall be impossible”. (Luke 1:37)
I dedicate this thesis to Jesus Christ, my
wonderful Dad, my beautiful Mother, my
lovely brothers, my beloved man, and all my
best friends.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to give my greatest gratitude to My Almighty
God and my bestfriend, Jesus Christ, who blesses me with His grace, loves me
endlessly and gives me the strenght to finish my thesis.
I also would like to thank my great thesis advisor, Henny Herawati, S.
Pd., M. Hum., for giving me a lot of advises and suggestions patiently. I really
appreaciate her because she has given her time and energy to read and check my
thesis. A big gratitude to my proofreader, Sr. Margareth O Donohue FCJ, who
is willing to read, check, and correct my thesis.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my precious and beloved
parents, Dr. Emanuel Widayat Tri Nugroho and Anastasia Titik Wuryanti,
S.Pd., for their wonderful prayer, love and supports. For my beloved brothers,
Reynalda, Reynaldo, and Reynaldi. I would like to thank them for cheering me
up and loving me. I give my thank to Mbah Kakung and Mbah Putri for their
prayer, love and supports. My special thank
goes to my boyfriend, Ernest
Ichsani Bina Mulyo, S. Kom., who always prays, loves, and supports me.
I also would like to thank my wonderful friends, Iin Ristyaningrum,
Valentina Puri Ratnasari, Candra Sekar, Levyn Gracia Hanardi, Ludmila
Martha, Elizabeth, Irine Puji, Arinto Budi Adi, Dimas Andika, Yohanes
Purwo, and Yuanita Ardani, who give their best prayer, love, and supports to
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me. My sincerest gratitude goes to my spritual mother, Nur Agung, and my
spritual friends, Hana, Fosa, Esther, Tita, and Susi for giving me prayers,
strength, and advice. I love them.
My best thanks go to all Sanata Dharma’s lecturers and staffs for the
facilitaties, information, knowledge, and guidance. Finally, I would like to thank
all the people who help and support me to finish my thesis. God bless them all!
Nieza Ayurisma
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE.................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL PAGES..................................................................................... ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY.............................................. iv
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI............................................... v
ABSTRACT................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK....................................................................................................... vii
DEDICATION PAGE................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... xi
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study...............................................
1
B. Problem Formulation....................................................
3
C. Objectives of the Study.................................................
4
D. Benefits of the Study...................................................
4
E. Definition of Terms....................................................
5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Theories........................................
6
1. Psychological Approach........................................
6
2. Theory of Conflict.................................................
7
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a. Definition…………………………………………
7
b. Types of Conflicts................................................
8
c. Intrapersonal Conflict..........................................
9
d. Conflict Resolution……………………………...
10
B. Theoretical Framework ...........................................
14
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study..................................................
15
B. Approach of the Study.............................................
16
C. Method of the Study................................................
17
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS
A. Kimberly Chang’s Intrapersonal Conflicts..............
18
1. Telling the Truth or Lying
to Her Mother..................................................
18
2. Moving into the New Apartment or Staying
in the Old Apartment........................................
21
3. Accepting or Refusing Luke’s
Challenge.............................................................
23
4. Going to the Private School
or the Public School.............................................
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5. Keep Using Handmade Underwear or Buying
the New One......................................................
28
6. Questioning Whether Matt Likes Her or Not.....
30
7. Staying in the Exhausting Life Cycle
or Escaping................. …………………………
32
8. Keeping Struggling for Oral Examination
or Giving Up................................................... …
34
9. Keeping Her Baby
or Having an Abortion ....................................
37
B. Conflict Resolution..............................................
39
1. Conflict Resolution of Telling the Truth
or Lying to Her Mother.....................................
39
2. Conflict Resolution of Moving into the New
Apartment or Staying in the Old Apartment.........
41
3. Conflict Resolution of Accepting or Refusing
Luke’s Challenge...............................................
42
4. Conflict Resolution of the Private School or
the Public School...................................................
43
5. Conflict Resolution of Keep Using Handmade
Underwear or Buying the New …........................
45
6. Conflict Resolution of Questioning Whether
Matt Love Kimberly or Not.................................
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7. Conflict Resolution of Staying in the Exhausting
Life Cycle or Escaping.....................................
47
8. Conflict Resolution of Keeping Struggling for Oral
Examination or Giving Up.................................
48
9. Conflict Resolution of Keeping Her Baby or
Having an Abortion.........................................
49
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions......................................................... …
53
B. Implication.......................................................... …
58
C. Suggestions…......................................................
60
REFERENCES......................................................................................
xiv
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
APPENDIX 1
Summary...............................................................
63
APPENDIX 2
Biography of Jean Kwok.....................................
65
APPENDIX 3
Jean Kwok’s Honors and Awards.......................
68
APPENDIX 4
Lesson Plan………………………………………
70
APPENDIX 5
Teaching Material………………………………
73
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains five sections. They are background of the study,
problem formulation, objectives of the study, benefits of the study, and definition
of terms. Background of the study is about the explanation of the topic and the
reason for choosing the topic. Problem formulation presents the problems in a
form of questions. The third section, objectives of the study is the statement of
problem formulation. While in the fourth section, benefits of the study, identifies
the contribution of the study for the writer, the reader, and the future reseachers.
In definition of terms the writer provides the definition of key terms used in this
study.
A. Background of the Study
Novel is one of the literary works which is categorized as fiction. There
are different types of novel such as romance, mysteries, adventures, historical, and
many more. Each type has different characteristics, for example, the story in a
romance novel is different from the story in a mystery novel. However, there are
some novels which contain more than one type of the story. The author of mystery
novel, for instance, may also include romance in his or her story.
The story in the novel can represent someone’s feeling, idea, opinion,
conflicts, even a representation of the particular culture or society and many more.
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One of the novels that ilustrates the conflict is Girl in Translation by Jean Kwok.
According to Isenhart and Spangle (2000) conflict “involves a struggle for power,
the way decisions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved
problems from past intertactions”(p. 2). Because conflict is involute, the
explanation concern on the composition of a lot of elements. The example is the
situations that result in a conflict or the “behaviours of disputants” that result
perceptions of disagreement (Isenhart and Spangle, 2000, p. 2).
This novel contains many conflicts that are experienced by the main
character, Kimberly Chang. The main character encounters many problems in her
life and unfortunately she has to face the problems that she has never faced before.
Her problems are interesting to be analyzed because those problems arise from the
conflicts within Kimberly Chang herself and the conflicts with the people around
her. Yet, the writer focuses the study on the conflict within Kimberly Chang
herself. The conflict within Kimberly Chang herself is also known as
intrapersonal conflict. Worchel and Cooper (1979) note that there are several
theories explaining about intrapersonal conflict. For example, cognitive
dissonance theory and attribution theory. In dissonance theory, intrapersonal
conflict is defined as the conflict which is experienced by a person when deciding
two or more possible choices. While attribution theory explains that intrapersonal
conflict happens when someone’s attitute is different from what other people
want.
Girl in Translation novel was published by Penguin Group in 2010. This
novel tells about a young girl named Kimberly Chang who is born in Hongkong.
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However, after her father’s death, she and her mother move to America. They live
with their relative whose name is Aunt Paula. Aunt Paula is the older sister of
Kimberly’s mother. Kimberly hopes she and her mother will have a better life in
their new place but the reality is different from her hope. Kimberly and her
mother live in a small apartment. She has to work hard after school to sustain her
family’s life and she has to take care of her mother alone without her father beside
her. She also has a baby before she gets married. Those situations cause many
conflicts in Kimberly’s life.
Moving to America and facing many new problems are difficult for the
young girl like Kimberly. She has to be strong and tough so that she can survive
in her new place. It is also not easy to work and study in America. Those facts
create conflicts within herself and the people around her. However, in this study
the writer will analyze the intrapersonal conflicts experienced by Kimberly. The
writer also will analyze how she deals with her conflicts. The writer chooses to
analyze Kimberly’s intrapersonal conflict because the way she thinks and
responds to the problems and the ways she solves her problems influence her
relationship with people around her.
B. Problem Formulation
The following are two problems in this study:
1.
What are the intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang in
Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation?
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2.
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How does the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in
Translation, solve the conflicts?
C. Objectives of the Study
There are two aims of this study. The first aim is to identify the intrapersonal
conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in
Translation. The second aim is to find out how Kimberly Chang solves her
intrapersonal conflicts.
D. Benefits of the Study
Hopefully, this study gives benefits to the writer, the readers and the future
researchers. From this study, the writer can have a deeper understanding about the
analysis of intrapersonal conflict and the conflict resolution. It is also expected
that from this study the readers can get information about various kinds of
intrapersonal conflicts that are reflected in the novel. Hopefully, the reader can
also see various ways someone solves the intrapersonal conflicts. The last is for
the future researchers. The writer hopes that the future researchers, especially in
literature, can use this study as a useful source of the study of intrapersonal
conflict and the conflict resolution.
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E. Definition of Terms
To avoid misunderstanding on certain terms in this study, the writer defines
the terms of conflict and intrapersonal conflicts.
1.
Conflict
According to Isenhart and Spangle (2000) conflict “involves a struggle for
power, the way decisions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved
problems from past intertactions”(p. 2). In this study, Kimberly Chang also
encounters the conflict of searching for power because she does not have much
power in her life. She experiences the conflict of making the best decision for her
future and the conflict of managing her own characteristics. Besides, her conflicts
come from unresolved problems in her past interactions.
2.
Intrapersonal conflict
Intrapersonal conflict can be defined by using the cognitive dissonance
theory. In this theory, intrapersonal conflict is defined as the conflict which is
experienced by a person when she/he decides two or more possible choices
(Worchel and Cooper, 1979, p. 499). In this study, Kimberly Chang also
experiences the conflict of deciding two or more possible choices.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter contains two sections. The first section is review of related
theories. This section describes some relevant theories in the study. The second
section is theoretical framework. In theoretical framework, the writer describes
briefly all important relevant theories to conduct the study and solve the research
problems.
A. Review of Related Theories
1.
Psychological Approach
Critical approach is an approach used in analyzing literary works. There
are some kinds of critical approach such as formalist, psychological, biographical
socio-cultural, and mythopoeic approaches. Critical approach is used as a basic
understanding in analyzing literary work. Therefore, the writer uses one of the
critical approaches which is psychological approach. In this study the writer uses
this approach as the basic understanding in analyzing further intrapersonal conflict
of the main character which is the focus of this study.
Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman, and Willingham (2011) explain that
psychological approaches supply the ability to see and understand the truth of
something into the arranged according event and acting as a symbol of mysteries
in a work of literature and increase the value of others readings (p. 222). Another
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explanation of the psychological approach is explained by Paris (1994). He notes
that psychological approach ”gives us formulations about human behavior,
whereas literature gives us truth to experience” (p. 6). He also adds that because
it is not abstract, dramatic standard, literature makes possible to us not only to
watch people carefully other than ourselves but also to go into their mind
universe, to find out for the first time what it feels like to be these people and to
make their life situations difficult (p. 6).
2.
Theory of Conflict
a.
Definition
The concern of this study is the intrapersonal conflict of the main
character. The writer provides some definitions of the conflict from encyclopedia
and experts. The definitions of the conflict help the writer to understand better
what conflict is. In Encylopedia of Psychology, the defintion of the conflict is:
Conflict refers to preferences for incompatible actions in a given situation.
It may exist at the level of the individual, when a person is torn between
different decision options such as entering law school versus taking job. It
also can occur among individuals when two or more parties in a social
relationship have incompatible preferences for action, as when one spouse
wants to see an adventure movie and the other, an art movie ( Corsini,
2000, p. 295).
Conflict can happen within an individual itself and between two
individuals. The explanation of above refers to the conflict which happens within
the individual itself. Another definition of conflict is from Isenhart and Spangle
(2000). They state that a conflict “involves a struggle for power, the way
desicions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved problems from
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past intertactions”(p. 2). Because conflict is involute, the explanation concern on
the composition of a lot of elements. The example is the situations that result in a
conflict or the “behaviours of disputants” that result perceptions of disagreement
(Isenhart and Spangle, 2000, p. 2). While Baron and Byrne (1997) define conflict
as “actions taken by individuals to block or interfere with others’ interests,
because of perceptions of incompatible interests and the belief that others may be
interfering with perceiver’s interests” (p. 606). Conflict happens when the
indivual’s way of thinking is different from others’ way of thingking.
b. Types of Conflicts
There are two main types of conflicts. They are intrapersonal conflict and
interpersonal conflict. In their book, Worchel and Cooper (1979) state that there
are several theories defining intrapersonal conflict. For instance, cognitive
dissonance theory. In this theory, intrapersonal conflict is defined as the conflict
which is experienced by a person when deciding two or more possible choices.
Another theory is attribution theory. It explains that intrapersonal conflict happens
when someone’s attitute is different from what other people want.
The second type of conflict is interpersonal conflict. Worchel and Cooper (
1979 ) define that “ interpersonal conflict can involve competition between two or
more individuals over a goal (competition) or it can involve a disagreement as the
means for reaching a goal” (p. 499).
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c.
Intrapersonal Conflict
Intrapersonal conflict can be categorized into four types. Here are the four
categorizations of intrapersonal conflict described by Worchel & Chooper (1979,
p. 461):
1.
Approach-approach
This type of intrapersonal conflict will occur when a person has a desire to
approach two goals but she/ he only can get one of them. The example of
approach-approach is about the well known donkey. Two same large piles of hay
that have been tied tightly together interested him. However, the donkey cannot
choose both of them ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
2.
Avoidance-avoidance
It is called avoidance-avoidance when the person has to face the situation
in which she/ he has to make a decision between two unpleasant goals. Worchel
and Cooper give the example of the inmates at Attica and the hostages. The
inmates ask the prisoner if they would like to die by being knifed or being
clubbed. That bid will create the conflict in the hostage because they face two
unpleasant things ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
3.
Approach-avoidance
Approach-avoidance conflict places the person in the circumstance in
which she/ he faces both pleasant and unpleasant standards in one goal. The
example of this approach is about a little girl who is offered her favorite candy bar
by a person she does not know. Actually, she really wants to take the candy bar
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but she also does not want to take it because of her previous learning ( Worchel &
Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
4.
Double approach- avoidance
There are two kinds of double-avoidance conflict. There are two goals in
the first kind. Both of the purposes have bad and good features. There are also two
goals in the second kind but every goal has two bad and two good features. The
example of double approach-avoidance is about the choice that Oswald has to
make. He has to choose whether taking Attica by force or by negotiation with the
inmates ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
d. Conflict Resolution
When Kimberly Chang encounters some conflicts in her life, she attempts
to solve them. Hence, it is necessary to know several kinds of resolving conflicts
especially the conflicts of the main character in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation.
Conflict resolution is a general description indicating to a limit of solving
disagreement types which may be showed clearly at different degree of society (
Sanson & Bretherton, 2007, p.1). There are five approaches to coping with
conflict according to Isenhart and Spagle (2000). They are negotiation,
meditation, facilitation, arbitration, and judicial processes.
The first way is negotiation. Negotiation is one of the approaches to
resolving conflict which enganges the principle of respecting the relationship.
Actually, there are two kinds of negotiation. They are integrative and distributive
negotiation. Integrative negotiation is a helpful, “problem-solving process”, the
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desired result is to make as great as possible the importance between two
individuals. At the same time integrative negotiation also keeps the connection.
Whereas distributive negotiation is different from integrative negotiation.
Distributive negotiation is also known as bargaining. A bargainer tries to obtain
the desired result at the cost of other people, take part in games to obtain a benefit
in the series of steps taken toward achieving the goal, and force through a very
firm and forceful request (p. 45).
The second way is mediation. Mediation needs a third person or mediator
involved in resolving the conflict. The third person has to be an unbiased person.
She/he does not state one’s position forcefully in the result. The third party does
not have authority to force a judgement after considering something to be
accepted. However, he or she has to help the “disputants” make a decision by not
involving in conflict discussion series of action that the desired result is to solve
the argument ( p.72).
Isenhart and Spagle (2000) suggest four mediation activities. The first is
mediation should be a safe context. It means that the mediator should create a
circumstance that enables the subjects of conflict to share their problem safely.
Second, the mediation activity should change the focus of discussion. The
mediator should change the concern of the discussion from blaming statement to
the discussion that allows the subjects to share their feeling. The third is the
ability of mediator to indentify and clarify the central or underlying issues. When
the tension of conflict becomes high, the subjects of the conflict will not easily
find the solution. Therefore, the mediator should supply the parties to see
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objectively so that they can find the solution. The last is the parties have an
opportunity to assume greater responsibilty. Greater responsibility is given to find
the solution of differences. It means that the parties are free to make the best
decision to their problem. Another task of mediator is to be a motivator. It means
that mediator should motivate the parties to keep a good relationship.
While the third way is called facilitation. Similiar to mediation, facilitation
also requires the individual to be an unbiased person. A facilitator helps people
by some clearly and definitely systematic steps in order to achieve the result
succesfully (p. 107). Mediation and facilitation use dialogue to solve the conflict.
The fourth is arbitration. In this way of coping with conflict, people who
experience conflict need the third person or the arbitrator. The task of the
arbitrator is to listen the subjects of conflict and make the decision for them (p.
130).
The last way is judicial processes. Isenhart and Spagle (2000) explain
judicial processes in five categories. They are fact finding, early neutral
evaluation, dispute review board, mini trial, and summary jury trial. Fact finding
provide a third person from the court to examine a conflict carefully. Early neutral
evaluation is used for handling personal injury or employment discrimination.
Dispute review board is used for handling large infrastructure planned works with
high bad possibility and responsibility contract. Mini trial allows the parties in “a
nonbiding, voluntary, and structure hearing (normally 2-3 days) to resolve
disputes over issues such as product liability, antitrust, contract, patent
infringement, and employee grievances” (Isenhart & Spagle, 2000, p. 150). The
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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last is summary jury trial. It involves some nonbinding steps in resolving the
conflict.
Another conflict resolution is from Decenzo and Silhanek (2002). They
propose some conflict resolutions that they call as “Conflict-handling skills”.
There are four conflicts-handling skills. The first one is pick your battles. It means
that when we encounter a difficult conflict, the most suitable response is to do
nothing. Do nothing perhaps sounds that we attempt to escape from the conflict
but actually it is really effective when the situation becomes not possible to
manage (p. 288-289). The second conflict resolution is know who is involved.
This way is different from the first one because this way is for those who want to
face the conflict rather than to escape it. It is essential for us to know the “key
players”. The examples of key players are the person who is taken part in the
conflict, the interest of every group, the importance, the character, the emotion,
and the valuable possession or the quality of every person (p. 289).
Next is determine the conflict source. It means that conflict happens with
reasons. So that we have to look for the reasons beyond the conflict. There are
various causes of conflict but commonly the cause is from the communication
differences or personal differences. Communication differences are disputes
emerging from difficult semantic, misconceptions, or unpleasant sound in the
communication channel. While personal differences are the conflict from
individual unusual habits and beliefs (p. 290).
The fourth conflict-handling skill is respond to the conflict. There are four
ways in responding to the conflict. They are avoiding, accommodating, forcing,
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14
and compromising, collaborating. Avoiding is eluding from the conflict when it
becomes high tense. Second way is accommodating. It talks about keeping
relationships by placing one’s needs more than our needs. Third way is forcing.
Forcing is placing one’s needs more than group’s needs. the fourth way is
compromising. It needs two or more people who back down to achieve a shared
goal. The last is collaborating. It searches group advantages. Collaborating is winwin solution (p. 290-291).
B. Theoretical framework
The writer uses psychological approach and theory of conflict. The theory
of conflict includes theories of intrapersonal conflict and conflict resolution.
Before the writer analyzes further about intrapersonal conflict of Kimberly Chang,
the writer needs one kind of critical approaches as the basic understanding in
analyzing intrapersonal conflict of the main character. The writer analyzes this
novel from the psychological side. Hence, the psychological approach is needed.
The writer also employs the theory of conflict to know what actually conflict is.
There are two main types of conflicts. They are interpersonal and intrapersonal
conflicts. This study concerns on the intrapersonal conflict of the main character.
Therefore, intrapersonal conflict theories are needed to study the intrapersonal
conflict of the main character. A theory on the categorizations of intrapersonal
conflict which are explained by some experts is also used to see the kinds of
intrapersonal conflict experienced by Kimberly Chang in the story. The last is
conflict resolution. Conflict resolution is needed because it helps the writer to
know how Kimberly Chang solves her conflicts.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains three sections. The first section is object of the
study. Object of the study discusses about the physical description of the literary
work studied. The second section is approach of the study. It explains about the
description of the approach and the reason for chosing the topic. The last is
method of the study. This section contains the description of the steps of work
analysis.
A. Object of the Study
Girl in Translation was written by Jean Kwok. It was first published in
New York by Riverhead Book in 2010. Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation is
catogorized as the New York Times best seller. It also has been published in 15
countries and got many awards such as the winner of an American Library
Association Alex Award, a John Gardner Fiction Book Award finalist, a Barnes
and Noble Discover Great New Writers Pick, an Orange New Writers title, an
Indie Next Pick, a Quality Paperback Book Club New Voices Award nominee and
the winner of Best Cultural Book in Book Bloggers Appreciation Week 2010.
Girl in Translation contains 137 pages which consist of the cover, table of
contents, publisher, prologue, and the chapters of story. The story is divided into
fourteen chapters. It is about a young girl named Kimberly Chang who moves
from Hongkong to America with her mother. They move to America after
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16
Kimberly’s father has died. At first they have a hope that they will get a better life
in America. However, the realities are not the same as their hopes. They have to
live in a dirty and cold apartment, They have to work in Kimberly’s uncle factory
with low salary, Kimberly has to adapt to her new school which is very different
from her old school, and so forth. The death of Kimberly’s father and the
situations in her new place bring a big influence in Kimberly life. The
intrapersonal conflict begins to appear in her life. She becomes an ambigious and
introvert girl. In another side she also has a dramatic love story. In the end of this
story she gets almost all her dreams except her love.
B. Approach of the Study
This study uses psychological approach. The writer chooses psychological
approach because it is the most suitable approach in analyzing intrapersonal
conflict of the main character. psychological approach sees the literary work from
human phenomenon. Intrapersonal conflict also belongs to human phenomenon.
Therefore, in order to know deeper about intrapersonal conflict, the writer uses
psychological approach as the approach in this study. Moreover, the writer also
implements psychological approach to know how Kimberly deals with her
conflicts.
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17
C. Method of the Study
Library study was used as the method in this study. The writer gathered
data by reading some books related to the analysis of the novel. The primary
source of the study is Girl in Translation novel and the secondary sources are
some books related to the analysis of the novel such as books of psychology
theories, encyclopedia of psychology, and journals.
There were some steps taken to do the analysis of the novel. The first step
was reading the novel Girl in Translation. Then, the writer finds the topic of the
analysis and formulate the problems from the novel. The topic of this study was
an analysis of intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly, the main character as revealed
in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. There were two problems formulated. The
first was what the intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly, the main character of Jean
Kwok’s Girl in Translation are and how she solves the conflicts. The third step
was finding the theories from books or journals in the library or web document.
To answer the problems the writer used the theory of conflict which consists of
intrapersonal conflict and conflict resolution. Next the writer began to work on the
thesis to find the solutions to the problems.
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
In this chapter the writer attempts to answer the problem formulation. The
writer divides the answers into two sections. The first section is about the analysis
of the intrapersonal conflicts experienced by the main character, Kimberly Chang
in Jean Kwok‟s Girl in Translation. In the second section the writer analyzes
some ways used by Kimberly Chang to solve her conflicts.
A. Kimberly Chang’s Intrapersonal Conflicts
Kimberly Chang encounters many conflicts in this novel. She faces
conflict in herself and conflict with other people around her. However, the focus
of this study is about the conflict in Kimberly herself. Therefore, in this section
the writer analyzes the intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly
Chang in Jean Kwok‟s Girl in Translation. There are nine intrapersonal conflicts
which are analyzed in the first section.
1.
Telling the Truth or Lying to Her Mother
Kimberly is born in Hongkong and she has spent her childhood there.
However, because of her father‟s death, she and her mother have to move to
America. When she enters her new school, she has to be able to do all
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19
assignments in English and she also has to be able to speak English. At first, it
was very difficult for her to understand English. Many times she makes mistakes
when she speaks in English. She also finds difficulties in understanding her
teacher‟s instruction. Kimberly‟s weakness in English sometimes creates
misconception for her teacher. One day her teacher thinks that Kimberly wants to
cheat so that he gives her zero grade. That grade creates intrapersonal conflict for
her. She is afraid of her mother because she thinks that her mother will be sad if
she knows about it. Therefore, the writer will discuss what intrapersonal conflict
Kimberly faces when she gets zero score.
Everything seems different from her old school in Hong Kong. Kimberly
often feels confused by the assignments from her teacher. One day Kimberly gets
the assignment from her teacher, Mr. Bogart. That is about drawing a map. While
other students start writing their assignment, Kimberly does not know what to do
with the assignment. After lunch, Mr. Bogart gives out his students sheets of
paper with a drawing of a map. He calls the assignment a pop quick assignment.
Mr. Bogart asks his student to fill in all the capital cities. After Mr. Bogart gives
the order, all the students begin to do the assigment. However, Kimberly does not
get the order. Mr. Bogart‟s order becomes “Fill in alide captal see T‟s” in her
ears (p. 10).
Hence, she tries to get the information about the assignment. However,
when she looks at her friend‟s sheet, her teacher comes toward her and gets angry
because he thinks that Kimberly wants to cheat. Kimberly attempts to explain the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
20
truth. Yet, when Kimberly begins to apologize to Mr. Bogart, he becomes more
angry because she makes grammatical mistake in her apologizing sentence.
I looked at my piece of paper and then, in desperation, glanced at the white
girl‟s sheet to try to see what we were supposed to do. Suddenly, the sheet
of paper slid out from under my fingers. Mr. Bogart was standing next to
me with my test in his hands. “No cheap pen!” he said. His nose and
cheeks were flushed as if he were getting a rash. “ You a hero!‟‟ “I sorry,
sir—” I began. I knew he wasn‟t calling me a hero like a Superman. What
had he said? Although I‟d had basic English classes in school in Hong
Kong, my old teacher‟s accent did not in any way resemble what I now
heard in Brooklyn. “ „ I‟mmm,‟ “ he said, pressing his lip together. “ „ I‟m
sorry‟.‟‟ s “I‟m sorry,” I said. My English mistakes clearly annoyed him,
although I wasn‟t sure why (p. 10).
Because of that missunderstanding, Mr. Bogart gives her zero grade for
her assignment. It makes Kimberly becomes very sad because she has never got
zero before. In Hongkong Kimberly is always number one in her class and she
always gets the best score. Thus, she does not know how she will tell her mother
about it.
Ma was waiting for me outside. I was so happy to see her that when I took
her hand, my eyes became hot. “What is it?” she said, turning my face to
her. “Did other children tease you?” “No.” I wiped my cheecks with the
back of my hand. “it‟s nothing.” Ma looked at me intently. “Did some
child hit you?” “No, Ma,” I said. I didn‟t want to worry her when there
was so little she could do. “Everything is different here, that‟s all.” (p. 1011)
Kimberly is confused whether she should tell her mother about her
problems at school or not. She experiences the second type of intrapersonal
conflicts purposed by Worchel and Cooper (1979) which is avoidance-avoidance.
Avoidance-avoidance occurs when a person has to face the situation in which she/
he has to make a decision between two unpleasant purposes. In this case,
Kimberly encounters two unpleasant circumstamces. The first circumstance is if
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
21
she tells her mother about her grade, her mother will be sad and disappointed.
Kimberly really does not want to make her mother sad and disappointed because
Kimberly is the only hope for her mother after her father‟s death. The second
circumstance is if she does not tell her mother she does wrong because she lies to
her mother and one lie can lead to another lie.
2.
Moving into the New Apartment or Staying in the Old Apartment
The second intrapersonal conflict is about the conflict experienced by
Kimberly in deciding whether she will move into the new apartment or stay in her
old apartment. Kimberly and her mother live in a small and cold apartment chosen
by Aunt Paula. One day their neighbor says to them that the building in the block
and accross the street will be broken down by the goverment. Kimberly feels very
shocked after she heard about that. She begins to ask why Aunt Paula does not tell
them about the goverment‟s plan and she also becomes confused whether she will
move into another apartment or stay there.
As soon as Kimberly and her mother arrive in America they stay with
Kimberly aunt. Her name is Paula. Aunt Paula is the older sister of Kimberly‟s
mother. Aunt Paula is the one who brings them to America. She also looks for
Kimberly‟s first school and apartment. However, one day Mr. Al, Kimberly‟s
neighbor, tells Kimberly and her mother that all the buildings on the block and
accross the street will be broken down because the goverment will build the huge
compicks. It means that their apartment will also be broken down.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
22
“What‟s wrong?” Ma asked me now. She hadn‟t understood any of this.
Mr. Al looked concerned. “Don‟t you know?” Sweetheart, everybody‟s
gradually moving out of here. This whole area‟s boomed. “What” I
sounded as confused as I felt. “Ended. No hope left. The goverment‟s
going to build the huge compicks here. All the buildings on this block and
across the street are going to be broken down.” (p. 31)
Kimberly and her mother are very surprised when they know about it.
Kimberly does not understand why her aunt does not tell them about the
goverment‟s plan while actually she knows about it. Kimberly keeps thinking why
Aunt Paula does not want them to know that the building will be broken down. In
another part of her mind she also thinks what should she and her mother do if their
apartment is broken down. Kimberly is thinking all the bad possibilities about
why Aunt Paula let them live in that apartment. The apartment is in a bad shape
and it is not a good apartment to live (p. 33).
Kimberly experiences the last type of intrapersonal conflicts by Worchel
and Cooper (1979) which is double approach-avoidance. There are two types in
double approach-avoidance. The first type has two purposes. Both of them have
either bad or good features. There are also two purposes in the second type but
every purpose has two bad and two good features. In this story Kimberly faces
two choices. The first choice is keep staying in the apartment and hope in miracles
but if she and her mother still stay in that apartment, the building may be broken
down. The second choice is running away and moving into another apartment. If
they move they will not suffer from any bad issues that may happen in their old
block. However, if they look for another place to live it is impossible for them
because they still have to pay their debts to Aunt Paula.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
23
3. Accepting or Refusing Luke’s Challenge
The third intrapersonal conflict happens when Kimberly is challenged by
Luke to fight with him. Luke is one of Kimberly‟s friends in the school. He
always bullies his friends in the school including Kimberly. One day at the
cafetaria Luke tries to distrub her. However, Kimberly can escape and
intentionally she does kungfu style. Looking at Kimberly‟s kungfu style, Luke
becomes very interesting and he dares Kimberly to fight him.
Fighting with Luke is a serious matter for her. Luke is a boy and he also
has a big body whereas Kimberly is a small girl. She also has never fought before.
She gets very confused how she will react to Luke. Further discussions of the
third intrapersonal conflict are in the following paragraphs.
In Kimberly‟s school there is a naughty kid whose name is Luke. He is
taller than other kids in the school. Even Kimberly describes his nostrils like a
bull‟s. Luke‟s hobby is bullying his friends in the school.
At the end of February, the class bully started staring at me in class. His
name was Luke and he‟d been left back a few times so he was a head taller
than the rest of us. He had a barrel of a chest covered loosely by the same
stained gray top that he wore every day. His nostrils were red like a bull‟s,
and even Mr. Bogart seemed to have given up on him, leaving him alone
most of the time. I saw him shove the other k
THE INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER,
KIMBERLY CHANG, AS REVEALED
IN JEAN KWOK’S GIRL IN TRANSLATION
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Nieza Ayurisma
Student Number: 081214021
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
THE INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER,
KIMBERLY CHANG, AS REVEALED
IN JEAN KWOK’S GIRL IN TRANSLATION
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Nieza Ayurisma
Student Number: 081214021
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ABSTRACT
Ayurisma, Nieza. 2012. The Intrapersonal Conflicts of the Main Character,
Kimberly Chang, as Revealed in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. Yogyakarta:
English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts
Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma
University.
This thesis analyzes intrapersonal conflicts which are experienced by the
main character in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation and how she solves her
intrapersonal conflicts. This novel tells about the struggle of a Chinese young girl
who moves to America after her father’s death. She experinces conflicts with
people around her and conflict within herself in her new place. The focus of this
study is the analysis of conflicts within herself.
There are two research problems in this study: (1) What are the
intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s
Girl in Translation? (2) How does the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean
Kowok’s Girl in Translation, solve the conflict? The aims of this study are to
indentify intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean
Kwok’s Girl in Translation and to find out how Kimberly Chang solves her
intrapersonal conflict. The writer uses psychological approach and theory of
conflict to answer the two problems. The method of this study is library study.
The primary source of this study is Girl in Translation novel and the secondary
sources are some books related to the analysis of the novel such as book on
theories of psychology, Encylopedia of psychology, and journals.
There are two conclusions which are resulted from the analysis. The first
conclusion is the intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly Chang. They are the
intrapersonal conflicts about telling the truth to her mother, moving into the new
apartment or staying in the old apartment, accepting or refusing Luke’s challenge,
studying the private school or the public school, keep using handmade underwear
or buying the new one, questioning whether Matt likes Kimberly or not, staying in
the exhausting life cycle or escaping, keep struggling for oral examination or
giving up, and telling the truth about Kimberly’s baby or not. The second
conclusion is how Kimberly Chang solves the conflicts. She uses mediation,
integrative negotiation, “know who is involved”, and “determine the conflict
source” to solve her intrapersonal conflicts.
Keywords: conflict, intrapersonal conflict, conflict resolution
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ABSTRAK
Ayurisma, Nieza. 2012. The Intrapersonal Conflicts of the Main Character,
Kimberly Chang, as Revealed in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation.Yogyakarta:
Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas
Pendidikan dan Ilmu Keguruan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini menganalisa konflik intrapersonal yang dialami oleh tokoh
utama dalam novel Girl in Translation karangan Jean Kwok dan bagaimana
pemeran utama memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya. Novel ini menceritakan
tentang perjuangan seorang gadis muda keturunan China yang pindah ke Amerika
setelah kematian ayahnya. Gadis ini mengalami berbagai konflik dengan orangorang disekitarnya dan juga berbagai konflik dengan dirinya di tempat barunya.
Poin utama penulisan ini adalah analisa konflik di dalam dirinya.
Ada dua masalah dalam penulisan ini: (1) Apa saja konflik-konflik
intrapersonal tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in
Translation? (2) Bagaimana tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang, dalam Jean Kwok’s
Girl in Translation memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya?. Tujuan dari penulisan
ini adalah mengidentifikasi konflik intrapersonal tokoh utama, Kimberly Chang,
dalam Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation dan menemukan bagaimana Kimberly
Chang memecahkan konflik intrapersonalnya. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan
psikologis dan teori konflik untuk menjawab dua masalah tersebut. Metode
penulisan ini adalah studi pustaka. Sumber utama dari penulisan ini adalah novel
Girl in Translation dan sumber-sumber pendukung adalah buku-buku mengenai
berbagai teori psikologi, ensiklopedia psikologi, dan berbagai jurnal.
Ada dua kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari analisa. Kesimpulan pertama
adalah sembilan konflik intrapersonal yang dialami oleh Kimberly Chang.
Konflik- konflik itu adalah konflik tentang mengatakan kebenaran atau berbohong
kepada ibunya, pindah ke apartemen baru atau tinggal di apartemen lama,
menerima atau menolak tantangan Luke, belajar di sekolah swasta atau sekolah
negeri, tetap memakai baju dalam buatan tangan atau membeli yang baru,
keraguan apakah Matt menyukai Kimberly atau tidak, tinggal di siklus hidup yang
melelahkan atau melarikan diri, tetap berjuang untuk ujian lisan atau menyerah,
dan mempertahankan bayinya atau melakukan aborsi. Kesimpulan kedua adalah
cara-cara yang digunakan Kimberly untuk memecahkan konflik-konflik
intrapersonalnya. Ia menggunakan mediasi, negosiasi integratif, “tahu siapa yang
terlibat”, dan “menentukan sumber konflik” untuk memecahkan sembilan konflik
intrapersonalnya.
Kata Kunci : Konflik, konflik intrapersonal, pemecahan konflik
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DEDICATION PAGE
“I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me”.
( Philippians 4: 13)
“For with God nothing shall be impossible”. (Luke 1:37)
I dedicate this thesis to Jesus Christ, my
wonderful Dad, my beautiful Mother, my
lovely brothers, my beloved man, and all my
best friends.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to give my greatest gratitude to My Almighty
God and my bestfriend, Jesus Christ, who blesses me with His grace, loves me
endlessly and gives me the strenght to finish my thesis.
I also would like to thank my great thesis advisor, Henny Herawati, S.
Pd., M. Hum., for giving me a lot of advises and suggestions patiently. I really
appreaciate her because she has given her time and energy to read and check my
thesis. A big gratitude to my proofreader, Sr. Margareth O Donohue FCJ, who
is willing to read, check, and correct my thesis.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my precious and beloved
parents, Dr. Emanuel Widayat Tri Nugroho and Anastasia Titik Wuryanti,
S.Pd., for their wonderful prayer, love and supports. For my beloved brothers,
Reynalda, Reynaldo, and Reynaldi. I would like to thank them for cheering me
up and loving me. I give my thank to Mbah Kakung and Mbah Putri for their
prayer, love and supports. My special thank
goes to my boyfriend, Ernest
Ichsani Bina Mulyo, S. Kom., who always prays, loves, and supports me.
I also would like to thank my wonderful friends, Iin Ristyaningrum,
Valentina Puri Ratnasari, Candra Sekar, Levyn Gracia Hanardi, Ludmila
Martha, Elizabeth, Irine Puji, Arinto Budi Adi, Dimas Andika, Yohanes
Purwo, and Yuanita Ardani, who give their best prayer, love, and supports to
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me. My sincerest gratitude goes to my spritual mother, Nur Agung, and my
spritual friends, Hana, Fosa, Esther, Tita, and Susi for giving me prayers,
strength, and advice. I love them.
My best thanks go to all Sanata Dharma’s lecturers and staffs for the
facilitaties, information, knowledge, and guidance. Finally, I would like to thank
all the people who help and support me to finish my thesis. God bless them all!
Nieza Ayurisma
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE.................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL PAGES..................................................................................... ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY.............................................. iv
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI............................................... v
ABSTRACT................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRAK....................................................................................................... vii
DEDICATION PAGE................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................... xi
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study...............................................
1
B. Problem Formulation....................................................
3
C. Objectives of the Study.................................................
4
D. Benefits of the Study...................................................
4
E. Definition of Terms....................................................
5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Theories........................................
6
1. Psychological Approach........................................
6
2. Theory of Conflict.................................................
7
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a. Definition…………………………………………
7
b. Types of Conflicts................................................
8
c. Intrapersonal Conflict..........................................
9
d. Conflict Resolution……………………………...
10
B. Theoretical Framework ...........................................
14
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study..................................................
15
B. Approach of the Study.............................................
16
C. Method of the Study................................................
17
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS
A. Kimberly Chang’s Intrapersonal Conflicts..............
18
1. Telling the Truth or Lying
to Her Mother..................................................
18
2. Moving into the New Apartment or Staying
in the Old Apartment........................................
21
3. Accepting or Refusing Luke’s
Challenge.............................................................
23
4. Going to the Private School
or the Public School.............................................
xii
25
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5. Keep Using Handmade Underwear or Buying
the New One......................................................
28
6. Questioning Whether Matt Likes Her or Not.....
30
7. Staying in the Exhausting Life Cycle
or Escaping................. …………………………
32
8. Keeping Struggling for Oral Examination
or Giving Up................................................... …
34
9. Keeping Her Baby
or Having an Abortion ....................................
37
B. Conflict Resolution..............................................
39
1. Conflict Resolution of Telling the Truth
or Lying to Her Mother.....................................
39
2. Conflict Resolution of Moving into the New
Apartment or Staying in the Old Apartment.........
41
3. Conflict Resolution of Accepting or Refusing
Luke’s Challenge...............................................
42
4. Conflict Resolution of the Private School or
the Public School...................................................
43
5. Conflict Resolution of Keep Using Handmade
Underwear or Buying the New …........................
45
6. Conflict Resolution of Questioning Whether
Matt Love Kimberly or Not.................................
xiii
46
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7. Conflict Resolution of Staying in the Exhausting
Life Cycle or Escaping.....................................
47
8. Conflict Resolution of Keeping Struggling for Oral
Examination or Giving Up.................................
48
9. Conflict Resolution of Keeping Her Baby or
Having an Abortion.........................................
49
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions......................................................... …
53
B. Implication.......................................................... …
58
C. Suggestions…......................................................
60
REFERENCES......................................................................................
xiv
61
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
APPENDIX 1
Summary...............................................................
63
APPENDIX 2
Biography of Jean Kwok.....................................
65
APPENDIX 3
Jean Kwok’s Honors and Awards.......................
68
APPENDIX 4
Lesson Plan………………………………………
70
APPENDIX 5
Teaching Material………………………………
73
xv
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains five sections. They are background of the study,
problem formulation, objectives of the study, benefits of the study, and definition
of terms. Background of the study is about the explanation of the topic and the
reason for choosing the topic. Problem formulation presents the problems in a
form of questions. The third section, objectives of the study is the statement of
problem formulation. While in the fourth section, benefits of the study, identifies
the contribution of the study for the writer, the reader, and the future reseachers.
In definition of terms the writer provides the definition of key terms used in this
study.
A. Background of the Study
Novel is one of the literary works which is categorized as fiction. There
are different types of novel such as romance, mysteries, adventures, historical, and
many more. Each type has different characteristics, for example, the story in a
romance novel is different from the story in a mystery novel. However, there are
some novels which contain more than one type of the story. The author of mystery
novel, for instance, may also include romance in his or her story.
The story in the novel can represent someone’s feeling, idea, opinion,
conflicts, even a representation of the particular culture or society and many more.
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2
One of the novels that ilustrates the conflict is Girl in Translation by Jean Kwok.
According to Isenhart and Spangle (2000) conflict “involves a struggle for power,
the way decisions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved
problems from past intertactions”(p. 2). Because conflict is involute, the
explanation concern on the composition of a lot of elements. The example is the
situations that result in a conflict or the “behaviours of disputants” that result
perceptions of disagreement (Isenhart and Spangle, 2000, p. 2).
This novel contains many conflicts that are experienced by the main
character, Kimberly Chang. The main character encounters many problems in her
life and unfortunately she has to face the problems that she has never faced before.
Her problems are interesting to be analyzed because those problems arise from the
conflicts within Kimberly Chang herself and the conflicts with the people around
her. Yet, the writer focuses the study on the conflict within Kimberly Chang
herself. The conflict within Kimberly Chang herself is also known as
intrapersonal conflict. Worchel and Cooper (1979) note that there are several
theories explaining about intrapersonal conflict. For example, cognitive
dissonance theory and attribution theory. In dissonance theory, intrapersonal
conflict is defined as the conflict which is experienced by a person when deciding
two or more possible choices. While attribution theory explains that intrapersonal
conflict happens when someone’s attitute is different from what other people
want.
Girl in Translation novel was published by Penguin Group in 2010. This
novel tells about a young girl named Kimberly Chang who is born in Hongkong.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
3
However, after her father’s death, she and her mother move to America. They live
with their relative whose name is Aunt Paula. Aunt Paula is the older sister of
Kimberly’s mother. Kimberly hopes she and her mother will have a better life in
their new place but the reality is different from her hope. Kimberly and her
mother live in a small apartment. She has to work hard after school to sustain her
family’s life and she has to take care of her mother alone without her father beside
her. She also has a baby before she gets married. Those situations cause many
conflicts in Kimberly’s life.
Moving to America and facing many new problems are difficult for the
young girl like Kimberly. She has to be strong and tough so that she can survive
in her new place. It is also not easy to work and study in America. Those facts
create conflicts within herself and the people around her. However, in this study
the writer will analyze the intrapersonal conflicts experienced by Kimberly. The
writer also will analyze how she deals with her conflicts. The writer chooses to
analyze Kimberly’s intrapersonal conflict because the way she thinks and
responds to the problems and the ways she solves her problems influence her
relationship with people around her.
B. Problem Formulation
The following are two problems in this study:
1.
What are the intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang in
Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation?
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2.
4
How does the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in
Translation, solve the conflicts?
C. Objectives of the Study
There are two aims of this study. The first aim is to identify the intrapersonal
conflicts of the main character, Kimberly Chang, in Jean Kwok’s Girl in
Translation. The second aim is to find out how Kimberly Chang solves her
intrapersonal conflicts.
D. Benefits of the Study
Hopefully, this study gives benefits to the writer, the readers and the future
researchers. From this study, the writer can have a deeper understanding about the
analysis of intrapersonal conflict and the conflict resolution. It is also expected
that from this study the readers can get information about various kinds of
intrapersonal conflicts that are reflected in the novel. Hopefully, the reader can
also see various ways someone solves the intrapersonal conflicts. The last is for
the future researchers. The writer hopes that the future researchers, especially in
literature, can use this study as a useful source of the study of intrapersonal
conflict and the conflict resolution.
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5
E. Definition of Terms
To avoid misunderstanding on certain terms in this study, the writer defines
the terms of conflict and intrapersonal conflicts.
1.
Conflict
According to Isenhart and Spangle (2000) conflict “involves a struggle for
power, the way decisions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved
problems from past intertactions”(p. 2). In this study, Kimberly Chang also
encounters the conflict of searching for power because she does not have much
power in her life. She experiences the conflict of making the best decision for her
future and the conflict of managing her own characteristics. Besides, her conflicts
come from unresolved problems in her past interactions.
2.
Intrapersonal conflict
Intrapersonal conflict can be defined by using the cognitive dissonance
theory. In this theory, intrapersonal conflict is defined as the conflict which is
experienced by a person when she/he decides two or more possible choices
(Worchel and Cooper, 1979, p. 499). In this study, Kimberly Chang also
experiences the conflict of deciding two or more possible choices.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter contains two sections. The first section is review of related
theories. This section describes some relevant theories in the study. The second
section is theoretical framework. In theoretical framework, the writer describes
briefly all important relevant theories to conduct the study and solve the research
problems.
A. Review of Related Theories
1.
Psychological Approach
Critical approach is an approach used in analyzing literary works. There
are some kinds of critical approach such as formalist, psychological, biographical
socio-cultural, and mythopoeic approaches. Critical approach is used as a basic
understanding in analyzing literary work. Therefore, the writer uses one of the
critical approaches which is psychological approach. In this study the writer uses
this approach as the basic understanding in analyzing further intrapersonal conflict
of the main character which is the focus of this study.
Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman, and Willingham (2011) explain that
psychological approaches supply the ability to see and understand the truth of
something into the arranged according event and acting as a symbol of mysteries
in a work of literature and increase the value of others readings (p. 222). Another
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7
explanation of the psychological approach is explained by Paris (1994). He notes
that psychological approach ”gives us formulations about human behavior,
whereas literature gives us truth to experience” (p. 6). He also adds that because
it is not abstract, dramatic standard, literature makes possible to us not only to
watch people carefully other than ourselves but also to go into their mind
universe, to find out for the first time what it feels like to be these people and to
make their life situations difficult (p. 6).
2.
Theory of Conflict
a.
Definition
The concern of this study is the intrapersonal conflict of the main
character. The writer provides some definitions of the conflict from encyclopedia
and experts. The definitions of the conflict help the writer to understand better
what conflict is. In Encylopedia of Psychology, the defintion of the conflict is:
Conflict refers to preferences for incompatible actions in a given situation.
It may exist at the level of the individual, when a person is torn between
different decision options such as entering law school versus taking job. It
also can occur among individuals when two or more parties in a social
relationship have incompatible preferences for action, as when one spouse
wants to see an adventure movie and the other, an art movie ( Corsini,
2000, p. 295).
Conflict can happen within an individual itself and between two
individuals. The explanation of above refers to the conflict which happens within
the individual itself. Another definition of conflict is from Isenhart and Spangle
(2000). They state that a conflict “involves a struggle for power, the way
desicions are made, the way we talk to each other, or unresolved problems from
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
8
past intertactions”(p. 2). Because conflict is involute, the explanation concern on
the composition of a lot of elements. The example is the situations that result in a
conflict or the “behaviours of disputants” that result perceptions of disagreement
(Isenhart and Spangle, 2000, p. 2). While Baron and Byrne (1997) define conflict
as “actions taken by individuals to block or interfere with others’ interests,
because of perceptions of incompatible interests and the belief that others may be
interfering with perceiver’s interests” (p. 606). Conflict happens when the
indivual’s way of thinking is different from others’ way of thingking.
b. Types of Conflicts
There are two main types of conflicts. They are intrapersonal conflict and
interpersonal conflict. In their book, Worchel and Cooper (1979) state that there
are several theories defining intrapersonal conflict. For instance, cognitive
dissonance theory. In this theory, intrapersonal conflict is defined as the conflict
which is experienced by a person when deciding two or more possible choices.
Another theory is attribution theory. It explains that intrapersonal conflict happens
when someone’s attitute is different from what other people want.
The second type of conflict is interpersonal conflict. Worchel and Cooper (
1979 ) define that “ interpersonal conflict can involve competition between two or
more individuals over a goal (competition) or it can involve a disagreement as the
means for reaching a goal” (p. 499).
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
9
c.
Intrapersonal Conflict
Intrapersonal conflict can be categorized into four types. Here are the four
categorizations of intrapersonal conflict described by Worchel & Chooper (1979,
p. 461):
1.
Approach-approach
This type of intrapersonal conflict will occur when a person has a desire to
approach two goals but she/ he only can get one of them. The example of
approach-approach is about the well known donkey. Two same large piles of hay
that have been tied tightly together interested him. However, the donkey cannot
choose both of them ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
2.
Avoidance-avoidance
It is called avoidance-avoidance when the person has to face the situation
in which she/ he has to make a decision between two unpleasant goals. Worchel
and Cooper give the example of the inmates at Attica and the hostages. The
inmates ask the prisoner if they would like to die by being knifed or being
clubbed. That bid will create the conflict in the hostage because they face two
unpleasant things ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
3.
Approach-avoidance
Approach-avoidance conflict places the person in the circumstance in
which she/ he faces both pleasant and unpleasant standards in one goal. The
example of this approach is about a little girl who is offered her favorite candy bar
by a person she does not know. Actually, she really wants to take the candy bar
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
10
but she also does not want to take it because of her previous learning ( Worchel &
Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
4.
Double approach- avoidance
There are two kinds of double-avoidance conflict. There are two goals in
the first kind. Both of the purposes have bad and good features. There are also two
goals in the second kind but every goal has two bad and two good features. The
example of double approach-avoidance is about the choice that Oswald has to
make. He has to choose whether taking Attica by force or by negotiation with the
inmates ( Worchel & Chooper, 1979, p. 461).
d. Conflict Resolution
When Kimberly Chang encounters some conflicts in her life, she attempts
to solve them. Hence, it is necessary to know several kinds of resolving conflicts
especially the conflicts of the main character in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation.
Conflict resolution is a general description indicating to a limit of solving
disagreement types which may be showed clearly at different degree of society (
Sanson & Bretherton, 2007, p.1). There are five approaches to coping with
conflict according to Isenhart and Spagle (2000). They are negotiation,
meditation, facilitation, arbitration, and judicial processes.
The first way is negotiation. Negotiation is one of the approaches to
resolving conflict which enganges the principle of respecting the relationship.
Actually, there are two kinds of negotiation. They are integrative and distributive
negotiation. Integrative negotiation is a helpful, “problem-solving process”, the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
11
desired result is to make as great as possible the importance between two
individuals. At the same time integrative negotiation also keeps the connection.
Whereas distributive negotiation is different from integrative negotiation.
Distributive negotiation is also known as bargaining. A bargainer tries to obtain
the desired result at the cost of other people, take part in games to obtain a benefit
in the series of steps taken toward achieving the goal, and force through a very
firm and forceful request (p. 45).
The second way is mediation. Mediation needs a third person or mediator
involved in resolving the conflict. The third person has to be an unbiased person.
She/he does not state one’s position forcefully in the result. The third party does
not have authority to force a judgement after considering something to be
accepted. However, he or she has to help the “disputants” make a decision by not
involving in conflict discussion series of action that the desired result is to solve
the argument ( p.72).
Isenhart and Spagle (2000) suggest four mediation activities. The first is
mediation should be a safe context. It means that the mediator should create a
circumstance that enables the subjects of conflict to share their problem safely.
Second, the mediation activity should change the focus of discussion. The
mediator should change the concern of the discussion from blaming statement to
the discussion that allows the subjects to share their feeling. The third is the
ability of mediator to indentify and clarify the central or underlying issues. When
the tension of conflict becomes high, the subjects of the conflict will not easily
find the solution. Therefore, the mediator should supply the parties to see
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12
objectively so that they can find the solution. The last is the parties have an
opportunity to assume greater responsibilty. Greater responsibility is given to find
the solution of differences. It means that the parties are free to make the best
decision to their problem. Another task of mediator is to be a motivator. It means
that mediator should motivate the parties to keep a good relationship.
While the third way is called facilitation. Similiar to mediation, facilitation
also requires the individual to be an unbiased person. A facilitator helps people
by some clearly and definitely systematic steps in order to achieve the result
succesfully (p. 107). Mediation and facilitation use dialogue to solve the conflict.
The fourth is arbitration. In this way of coping with conflict, people who
experience conflict need the third person or the arbitrator. The task of the
arbitrator is to listen the subjects of conflict and make the decision for them (p.
130).
The last way is judicial processes. Isenhart and Spagle (2000) explain
judicial processes in five categories. They are fact finding, early neutral
evaluation, dispute review board, mini trial, and summary jury trial. Fact finding
provide a third person from the court to examine a conflict carefully. Early neutral
evaluation is used for handling personal injury or employment discrimination.
Dispute review board is used for handling large infrastructure planned works with
high bad possibility and responsibility contract. Mini trial allows the parties in “a
nonbiding, voluntary, and structure hearing (normally 2-3 days) to resolve
disputes over issues such as product liability, antitrust, contract, patent
infringement, and employee grievances” (Isenhart & Spagle, 2000, p. 150). The
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
13
last is summary jury trial. It involves some nonbinding steps in resolving the
conflict.
Another conflict resolution is from Decenzo and Silhanek (2002). They
propose some conflict resolutions that they call as “Conflict-handling skills”.
There are four conflicts-handling skills. The first one is pick your battles. It means
that when we encounter a difficult conflict, the most suitable response is to do
nothing. Do nothing perhaps sounds that we attempt to escape from the conflict
but actually it is really effective when the situation becomes not possible to
manage (p. 288-289). The second conflict resolution is know who is involved.
This way is different from the first one because this way is for those who want to
face the conflict rather than to escape it. It is essential for us to know the “key
players”. The examples of key players are the person who is taken part in the
conflict, the interest of every group, the importance, the character, the emotion,
and the valuable possession or the quality of every person (p. 289).
Next is determine the conflict source. It means that conflict happens with
reasons. So that we have to look for the reasons beyond the conflict. There are
various causes of conflict but commonly the cause is from the communication
differences or personal differences. Communication differences are disputes
emerging from difficult semantic, misconceptions, or unpleasant sound in the
communication channel. While personal differences are the conflict from
individual unusual habits and beliefs (p. 290).
The fourth conflict-handling skill is respond to the conflict. There are four
ways in responding to the conflict. They are avoiding, accommodating, forcing,
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14
and compromising, collaborating. Avoiding is eluding from the conflict when it
becomes high tense. Second way is accommodating. It talks about keeping
relationships by placing one’s needs more than our needs. Third way is forcing.
Forcing is placing one’s needs more than group’s needs. the fourth way is
compromising. It needs two or more people who back down to achieve a shared
goal. The last is collaborating. It searches group advantages. Collaborating is winwin solution (p. 290-291).
B. Theoretical framework
The writer uses psychological approach and theory of conflict. The theory
of conflict includes theories of intrapersonal conflict and conflict resolution.
Before the writer analyzes further about intrapersonal conflict of Kimberly Chang,
the writer needs one kind of critical approaches as the basic understanding in
analyzing intrapersonal conflict of the main character. The writer analyzes this
novel from the psychological side. Hence, the psychological approach is needed.
The writer also employs the theory of conflict to know what actually conflict is.
There are two main types of conflicts. They are interpersonal and intrapersonal
conflicts. This study concerns on the intrapersonal conflict of the main character.
Therefore, intrapersonal conflict theories are needed to study the intrapersonal
conflict of the main character. A theory on the categorizations of intrapersonal
conflict which are explained by some experts is also used to see the kinds of
intrapersonal conflict experienced by Kimberly Chang in the story. The last is
conflict resolution. Conflict resolution is needed because it helps the writer to
know how Kimberly Chang solves her conflicts.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains three sections. The first section is object of the
study. Object of the study discusses about the physical description of the literary
work studied. The second section is approach of the study. It explains about the
description of the approach and the reason for chosing the topic. The last is
method of the study. This section contains the description of the steps of work
analysis.
A. Object of the Study
Girl in Translation was written by Jean Kwok. It was first published in
New York by Riverhead Book in 2010. Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation is
catogorized as the New York Times best seller. It also has been published in 15
countries and got many awards such as the winner of an American Library
Association Alex Award, a John Gardner Fiction Book Award finalist, a Barnes
and Noble Discover Great New Writers Pick, an Orange New Writers title, an
Indie Next Pick, a Quality Paperback Book Club New Voices Award nominee and
the winner of Best Cultural Book in Book Bloggers Appreciation Week 2010.
Girl in Translation contains 137 pages which consist of the cover, table of
contents, publisher, prologue, and the chapters of story. The story is divided into
fourteen chapters. It is about a young girl named Kimberly Chang who moves
from Hongkong to America with her mother. They move to America after
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16
Kimberly’s father has died. At first they have a hope that they will get a better life
in America. However, the realities are not the same as their hopes. They have to
live in a dirty and cold apartment, They have to work in Kimberly’s uncle factory
with low salary, Kimberly has to adapt to her new school which is very different
from her old school, and so forth. The death of Kimberly’s father and the
situations in her new place bring a big influence in Kimberly life. The
intrapersonal conflict begins to appear in her life. She becomes an ambigious and
introvert girl. In another side she also has a dramatic love story. In the end of this
story she gets almost all her dreams except her love.
B. Approach of the Study
This study uses psychological approach. The writer chooses psychological
approach because it is the most suitable approach in analyzing intrapersonal
conflict of the main character. psychological approach sees the literary work from
human phenomenon. Intrapersonal conflict also belongs to human phenomenon.
Therefore, in order to know deeper about intrapersonal conflict, the writer uses
psychological approach as the approach in this study. Moreover, the writer also
implements psychological approach to know how Kimberly deals with her
conflicts.
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17
C. Method of the Study
Library study was used as the method in this study. The writer gathered
data by reading some books related to the analysis of the novel. The primary
source of the study is Girl in Translation novel and the secondary sources are
some books related to the analysis of the novel such as books of psychology
theories, encyclopedia of psychology, and journals.
There were some steps taken to do the analysis of the novel. The first step
was reading the novel Girl in Translation. Then, the writer finds the topic of the
analysis and formulate the problems from the novel. The topic of this study was
an analysis of intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly, the main character as revealed
in Jean Kwok’s Girl in Translation. There were two problems formulated. The
first was what the intrapersonal conflicts of Kimberly, the main character of Jean
Kwok’s Girl in Translation are and how she solves the conflicts. The third step
was finding the theories from books or journals in the library or web document.
To answer the problems the writer used the theory of conflict which consists of
intrapersonal conflict and conflict resolution. Next the writer began to work on the
thesis to find the solutions to the problems.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
In this chapter the writer attempts to answer the problem formulation. The
writer divides the answers into two sections. The first section is about the analysis
of the intrapersonal conflicts experienced by the main character, Kimberly Chang
in Jean Kwok‟s Girl in Translation. In the second section the writer analyzes
some ways used by Kimberly Chang to solve her conflicts.
A. Kimberly Chang’s Intrapersonal Conflicts
Kimberly Chang encounters many conflicts in this novel. She faces
conflict in herself and conflict with other people around her. However, the focus
of this study is about the conflict in Kimberly herself. Therefore, in this section
the writer analyzes the intrapersonal conflicts of the main character, Kimberly
Chang in Jean Kwok‟s Girl in Translation. There are nine intrapersonal conflicts
which are analyzed in the first section.
1.
Telling the Truth or Lying to Her Mother
Kimberly is born in Hongkong and she has spent her childhood there.
However, because of her father‟s death, she and her mother have to move to
America. When she enters her new school, she has to be able to do all
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19
assignments in English and she also has to be able to speak English. At first, it
was very difficult for her to understand English. Many times she makes mistakes
when she speaks in English. She also finds difficulties in understanding her
teacher‟s instruction. Kimberly‟s weakness in English sometimes creates
misconception for her teacher. One day her teacher thinks that Kimberly wants to
cheat so that he gives her zero grade. That grade creates intrapersonal conflict for
her. She is afraid of her mother because she thinks that her mother will be sad if
she knows about it. Therefore, the writer will discuss what intrapersonal conflict
Kimberly faces when she gets zero score.
Everything seems different from her old school in Hong Kong. Kimberly
often feels confused by the assignments from her teacher. One day Kimberly gets
the assignment from her teacher, Mr. Bogart. That is about drawing a map. While
other students start writing their assignment, Kimberly does not know what to do
with the assignment. After lunch, Mr. Bogart gives out his students sheets of
paper with a drawing of a map. He calls the assignment a pop quick assignment.
Mr. Bogart asks his student to fill in all the capital cities. After Mr. Bogart gives
the order, all the students begin to do the assigment. However, Kimberly does not
get the order. Mr. Bogart‟s order becomes “Fill in alide captal see T‟s” in her
ears (p. 10).
Hence, she tries to get the information about the assignment. However,
when she looks at her friend‟s sheet, her teacher comes toward her and gets angry
because he thinks that Kimberly wants to cheat. Kimberly attempts to explain the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
20
truth. Yet, when Kimberly begins to apologize to Mr. Bogart, he becomes more
angry because she makes grammatical mistake in her apologizing sentence.
I looked at my piece of paper and then, in desperation, glanced at the white
girl‟s sheet to try to see what we were supposed to do. Suddenly, the sheet
of paper slid out from under my fingers. Mr. Bogart was standing next to
me with my test in his hands. “No cheap pen!” he said. His nose and
cheeks were flushed as if he were getting a rash. “ You a hero!‟‟ “I sorry,
sir—” I began. I knew he wasn‟t calling me a hero like a Superman. What
had he said? Although I‟d had basic English classes in school in Hong
Kong, my old teacher‟s accent did not in any way resemble what I now
heard in Brooklyn. “ „ I‟mmm,‟ “ he said, pressing his lip together. “ „ I‟m
sorry‟.‟‟ s “I‟m sorry,” I said. My English mistakes clearly annoyed him,
although I wasn‟t sure why (p. 10).
Because of that missunderstanding, Mr. Bogart gives her zero grade for
her assignment. It makes Kimberly becomes very sad because she has never got
zero before. In Hongkong Kimberly is always number one in her class and she
always gets the best score. Thus, she does not know how she will tell her mother
about it.
Ma was waiting for me outside. I was so happy to see her that when I took
her hand, my eyes became hot. “What is it?” she said, turning my face to
her. “Did other children tease you?” “No.” I wiped my cheecks with the
back of my hand. “it‟s nothing.” Ma looked at me intently. “Did some
child hit you?” “No, Ma,” I said. I didn‟t want to worry her when there
was so little she could do. “Everything is different here, that‟s all.” (p. 1011)
Kimberly is confused whether she should tell her mother about her
problems at school or not. She experiences the second type of intrapersonal
conflicts purposed by Worchel and Cooper (1979) which is avoidance-avoidance.
Avoidance-avoidance occurs when a person has to face the situation in which she/
he has to make a decision between two unpleasant purposes. In this case,
Kimberly encounters two unpleasant circumstamces. The first circumstance is if
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she tells her mother about her grade, her mother will be sad and disappointed.
Kimberly really does not want to make her mother sad and disappointed because
Kimberly is the only hope for her mother after her father‟s death. The second
circumstance is if she does not tell her mother she does wrong because she lies to
her mother and one lie can lead to another lie.
2.
Moving into the New Apartment or Staying in the Old Apartment
The second intrapersonal conflict is about the conflict experienced by
Kimberly in deciding whether she will move into the new apartment or stay in her
old apartment. Kimberly and her mother live in a small and cold apartment chosen
by Aunt Paula. One day their neighbor says to them that the building in the block
and accross the street will be broken down by the goverment. Kimberly feels very
shocked after she heard about that. She begins to ask why Aunt Paula does not tell
them about the goverment‟s plan and she also becomes confused whether she will
move into another apartment or stay there.
As soon as Kimberly and her mother arrive in America they stay with
Kimberly aunt. Her name is Paula. Aunt Paula is the older sister of Kimberly‟s
mother. Aunt Paula is the one who brings them to America. She also looks for
Kimberly‟s first school and apartment. However, one day Mr. Al, Kimberly‟s
neighbor, tells Kimberly and her mother that all the buildings on the block and
accross the street will be broken down because the goverment will build the huge
compicks. It means that their apartment will also be broken down.
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“What‟s wrong?” Ma asked me now. She hadn‟t understood any of this.
Mr. Al looked concerned. “Don‟t you know?” Sweetheart, everybody‟s
gradually moving out of here. This whole area‟s boomed. “What” I
sounded as confused as I felt. “Ended. No hope left. The goverment‟s
going to build the huge compicks here. All the buildings on this block and
across the street are going to be broken down.” (p. 31)
Kimberly and her mother are very surprised when they know about it.
Kimberly does not understand why her aunt does not tell them about the
goverment‟s plan while actually she knows about it. Kimberly keeps thinking why
Aunt Paula does not want them to know that the building will be broken down. In
another part of her mind she also thinks what should she and her mother do if their
apartment is broken down. Kimberly is thinking all the bad possibilities about
why Aunt Paula let them live in that apartment. The apartment is in a bad shape
and it is not a good apartment to live (p. 33).
Kimberly experiences the last type of intrapersonal conflicts by Worchel
and Cooper (1979) which is double approach-avoidance. There are two types in
double approach-avoidance. The first type has two purposes. Both of them have
either bad or good features. There are also two purposes in the second type but
every purpose has two bad and two good features. In this story Kimberly faces
two choices. The first choice is keep staying in the apartment and hope in miracles
but if she and her mother still stay in that apartment, the building may be broken
down. The second choice is running away and moving into another apartment. If
they move they will not suffer from any bad issues that may happen in their old
block. However, if they look for another place to live it is impossible for them
because they still have to pay their debts to Aunt Paula.
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3. Accepting or Refusing Luke’s Challenge
The third intrapersonal conflict happens when Kimberly is challenged by
Luke to fight with him. Luke is one of Kimberly‟s friends in the school. He
always bullies his friends in the school including Kimberly. One day at the
cafetaria Luke tries to distrub her. However, Kimberly can escape and
intentionally she does kungfu style. Looking at Kimberly‟s kungfu style, Luke
becomes very interesting and he dares Kimberly to fight him.
Fighting with Luke is a serious matter for her. Luke is a boy and he also
has a big body whereas Kimberly is a small girl. She also has never fought before.
She gets very confused how she will react to Luke. Further discussions of the
third intrapersonal conflict are in the following paragraphs.
In Kimberly‟s school there is a naughty kid whose name is Luke. He is
taller than other kids in the school. Even Kimberly describes his nostrils like a
bull‟s. Luke‟s hobby is bullying his friends in the school.
At the end of February, the class bully started staring at me in class. His
name was Luke and he‟d been left back a few times so he was a head taller
than the rest of us. He had a barrel of a chest covered loosely by the same
stained gray top that he wore every day. His nostrils were red like a bull‟s,
and even Mr. Bogart seemed to have given up on him, leaving him alone
most of the time. I saw him shove the other k