Effect and Impact of Brand, Trust, and Halal Products towards Switching Barrier on the Loyalty of Tabita Cosmetic Users (Case Study: Students of Faculty of Economics and Business, UNPAB)
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16 Contextual Spelling Misspelled Words
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42 Wrong or Missing Prepositions
6 Faulty Subject-Verb Agreement
4 Incorrect Verb Forms
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11 Punctuation Closing Punctuation
8 Comma Misuse within Clauses
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Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (SJHSS)
ISSN 2415-6256 (Print) Scholars Middle East Publishers
ISSN 2415-6248 (Online) Dubai, United Arab Emirates Website: http://scholarsmepub.com/ Effect and Impact of Brand, Trust, and Halal Products towards Switching Barrier on the Loyalty of Tabita Cosmetic Users (Case Study: Students of Faculty of 1 Economics and Business, UNPAB ) 2 Indawati Lestari1*, Arlina Nurbaity Lubis2, Beby Karina 1 Fauzeea Sembiring2
[ UNPAB PAB ] 2 →
1Student of Faculty of Economics and Business,
[ Beby Baby ] → Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
2Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
Abstract: Tabita is one of the cosmetic products that are currently in high demand
- Corresponding author by young people and able to maintain customer loyalty among them among Indawati Lestari 3 students . This research focuses on students of Faculty of
UNPAB . The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the influence of Article History brand image, trust and halal product to switching barrier and its impact on the Received: 11.02.2018 loyalty of Tabita cosmetic user . The type of this research is quantitative Accepted: 23.02.2018 associative , and the nature of the research is explanatory research. The population Published: 28.02.2018 of this study was 362 female students, and the sample of research was 190 respondents . Sample technique used in this research is purposive sampling. Data DOI: analysis is using path analysis . Results of first submodel research show 10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.2.20 simultaneously and partial of the brand image have the positive and significant effect to switching barrier. Trust and halal products have no significant positive effect on switching barrier . The results of second submodel research show simultaneously and partial brand image, trust, and halal products have a positive and significant impact on loyalty. The results also show the brand image, trust, and halal products negatively affect loyalty through switching barrier. 5 9 8 7 6 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 16 19 20 21 23 22 24 25 27 26 28 29 30 3
[ analysis Analysis
30 [ and And ]
[ switching barrier switching barrier ] →
[ on switching on switching ] → 29
] → 28
→ 27 [ effect Effect
[ positive ] . 26 [ effect on effect on ]
[ the effect or an effect ] 24 [ to of ] → 25
] → 23
[ effect Effect
[ path analysis path analysis ] → 22
[ using path using path ] → 21
[ the analysis or an analysis ] 19 [ is using is using ] → 20
] → 18
[ analysis is analysis is ] → 17
[ students Students
] → 16
[ respondents Respondents
[ associative Associative ] → 13 Unusual word pair 14 Repetitive word: research 15
] → 12
[ cosmetic user cosmetic user
] → 11
] 9 Missing verb 10 [ Tabita cosmetic Tabita cosmetic
[ the loyalty
[ loyalty Loyalty ] → 8
] → 7
6 [ loyalty of loyalty of
→
[ Business ] . 5 [ UNPAB PAB ]
] → 4
→ Barrier, Loyalty.
INTRODUCTION Cosmetics is a unique product because in addition to this product can meet the basic needs of women for beauty as well as often become a means for consumers to clarify his identity socially in the eyes of society. One of the industries that managed to dominate the domestic market and is the cosmetics industry. The Indonesian population of around 255 million makes Indonesia a promising market for cosmetic companies and a large number of adult female population is increasing every year as evidenced by the mastery of the cosmetics industry market share can be seen in the following figure.
Fig-1: Development of Cosmetics Industry Figure-1 illustrates the development of the cosmetics 31 industry. The development of the cosmetics industry is increasing every year. It proved that with many types of
Cosmetic products on the 32 31 market significantly affect a person's attitude towards the
Repetitive word: development
purchase and use of goods. Purchase of a product is no longer to meet the needs, but because of the desire along with the many cosmetics industry in Indonesia, cosmetic sales also experienced an increase and
32 [ market Market ]
→
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34 33
decrease in this caused increased competition and public interest to buy the product. All cosmetic products are vying to increase sales and a vast market share with the advent of civilization technology, the tastes of the consumer market are increasingly advanced so companies must strive to continue capturing new potential customers to anticipate customers who start switching to other products. 33
[ ] decrease → Decrease
Besides the image, brand, and belief, halal product problem 34
[ the decrease or a decrease ]
is a thing to be considered by cosmetics company because it is one of the quality attributes that can influence consumer loyalty, although there are still many consumers who have not pay attention to the presence or absence of 35 halal label contained in the cosmetic products [13]. 36 According to Alma [3], the halal label is the inclusion of writing or a statement of halal on the packaging of products
37 35 The halal label of a product may be included on a Wordiness
package if the product has obtained the halal certificate from LPPOM-MUI and BPOM. Cosmetic company is 38 39 demanded to can produce a cosmetic product using raw 40 materials that have been guaranteed both regarding quality and halal. The company should also focus on 41 furthering the consumer (switching barrier). Angipora 36 Repetitive word: 42 43
label
states that switching barriers are difficult to move to other service providers or services felt by consumers who 37
[ on in ] →
are dissatisfied with current services, or the financial, social and psychological burden that customers feel when switching to a product provider or other services. 38 Passive voice
Consumers will be increasingly forced to be loyal to their 39
[ raw ] .
existing customers. It is what makes it difficult for consumers to switch to other products so that consumers still use the products they choose. Cosmetic product in this 40
[ ] materials Materials
→
research is Tabita Skin Care. It is a beauty product with various packaging and exciting benefits. Mouth to mouth does the sale of Tabita skin care products in Indonesia, and 41
[ Angipora Angora ] →
online marketing assists it; there is no official place in its sales in Indonesia only through distributors. Knowledge of 42
[ states States ] 43 →
Tabita skin care products can be from customer satisfied
[ that are or that were ]
review of the results and benefits on the purchase of Tabita care products. The following figure is one of the Tabita cosmetic products.
Fig-2: Tabita skin care products The sample selection in this research is the students of Faculty of Economics and Business UNPAB. Many students in this faculty are Muslim, and some students are cosmetic consumers. Students have excellent access to information and can also distinguish one product from another based on the information they obtain from print, electronic, social media and the surrounding environment they will seek as much information as to the product to be purchased before finally buying and consume the product. The research was done at UNPAB because the author got recommendations from some sellers of Tabita cosmetics that their most significant market share in selling Tabita cosmetics is on UNPAB students.
The phenomenon in this research about the brand image is the lack of promotion made by the manufacturer of Tabita cosmetics, so it is considered Tabita cosmetics is a less well-known cosmetics and not easy to remember. More and more cosmetic brands are circulating in the market, making 44 the competition increasingly tight. The competition will continue because some new brands continue to emerge with 45 various famous brands such as Wardah, Sariayu, and others. Many consumers are more interested in buying famous cosmetic brands than Tabita cosmetics brands because famous cosmetic brands are considered more qualified and prestigious. Many factors influence the decision making in choosing cosmetic products, one of which is the brand image that is imaged by the company. The diversity of cosmetic products that exist today encourages consumers to identify in decision making when determining a brand that they think fulfills the criteria of an appropriate cosmetic product. With so many cosmetic brands emerging has led to increased competition. The rise followed by the variety of prices offered. Consumers still lack the confidence to use Tabita products because of lack of knowledge about these products, where Tabita products only promote their products through online media that most online media still can not be fully trusted because of 44 Repetitive word:
competition
various fraud against consumers. It happens due to the exchange of information flow in the current era of globalization that is increasingly quick and easy to make consumers more selective in choosing the 45
[ various Various ] →
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46
products they buy, it happens because information about a product offered more and wide open for the community. Consumers Tabita cosmetic products that start with a level of confidence so high that no longer examine the expiration date of goods purchased. Consumers also have a high commitment to take the time to submit a complaint, but because they do not get a reasonable response, then there is the disappointment by saying irritation that shows a fading commitment. The problem in this research is Tabita cosmetic product does not have the certificate from LPPOM-MUI and BPOM. Tabita has also been included in the list of toxic cosmetics released by BPOM considered to contain mercury, 47 hydroquinone , retinoic acid, and resorcinol (www.kompas.com). Mercury is a prohibited substance in cosmetics. High levels of radiation make this material as one of the factors that trigger cancer. While hydroquinone 48 is used for skin whitening, but its use must be prescribed by a doctor. Excessive use will trigger skin irritation. While the use of retinoic acid is feared will erode the surface of the skin even this material should not be used in medicine because it can cause fetal defects. 46
[ products Products ] →
Table-1: Halal cosmetic products list No. Cosmetic Product No. Cosmetic Product
1 Wardah
8 PAC
2 Ristra
9 Mustika Ratu
3 La Tulipe
10 Moors
4 Marcks Venus 47
[ ] hydroquinone Hydroquinone
11
→
Mustika Puteri
5 Sariayu 48 Passive voice
12 Biocell
6
13 Rivera
7 Caring Colours
14 Theraskin Table-1 describes a list of cosmetic products that have the halal label and registered in LPPOM-MUI and BPOM while Tabita cosmetic products are not listed. It is the reason for the author to examine why there are still students who use Tabita products, even though they know the absence of halal label and students still tend to trust the recommendations of friends who are also inconsistent. It 49 can be said of the phenomenon of the gap in the study, where consumers pay more attention to the halal certificate, but in reality, consumers do not care about the absence of kosher label Tabita cosmetic products. THEORIES Tabita Skin Care Tabita skin care is a cosmetic product that is currently a trend among women both adolescents and adults. The sale of Tabita cosmetics is marketed through word of mouth and aided by online marketing. Tabita does not have an official outlet for its sales. Tabita only has a distributor of Tabita cosmetics that sell it to resellers. Resellers from Tabita cosmetics have started to expand to various regions and even to foreign countries including Malaysia, Thailand, 50 Singapore, and other Southeast Asian countries , Tabita
Skin Care has several kinds of beauty care products include: Facial soap is soap for washing face. Smooth lotion, serves as an advanced cleanser for the 51
Day cream, the day cream that is used in the morning until the afternoon to protect the skin from the sun. Tabita Daily cream serves as an SPF 30 sunblock that can keep skin from sunburn.
Night cream, worn at night to whiten skin 49 Passive voice Benzoyl is an ingredient to repair problematic skin. 52 Special cream, an advanced care cream that can be used as a substitute for night cream after using Tabita for three months.
Vitamin E-Gold serum is Vitamin E supplement. Acne cream to get rid of acne.
Eye cream, as a moisturizer that brightens and tighten around the area of the eye skin.
Face powder is a powder. Matt finishing is a liquid powder.
Facial care products have specialized functions and benefits in each of its products. Tabita also has an exclusive package and regular package; the exclusive package is Tabita sales with large size while regular with small size consisting of facial soap, daily cream, nightly cream and smooth lotion. Types of Tabitha cosmetics are sold at different prices depending on the package to be purchased 50 Repetitive word: by consumers. Currently, sales of Tabita cosmetics have countries started to spread to the public because of reviews of consumers who have felt the benefits.
Understanding Trust 51 Trust is an essential thing for a commitment. Confidence or skin 53
[ . ]
trust is an essential factor that can overcome the critical and difficulty between business partners and is also an 54 between organizations. An Available online: http://scholarsmepub.com/sjhss/ 307
52 Passive voice
Indawati Lestari et al., Saudi J. Humanities Soc. Sci., Vol- 3, Iss-2 (Feb, 2018): 305-317
55
organization must be able to recognize the factors that 56 product , raw material, composition enhancement, can shape that trust to create, manage, maintain, and nutritional information, expiration date, product 57 enhance the level of customer relationships. According 58 content , and legal statement of Mahwiyah [16]. A label to Abdurrahman [2] states that trust is the attitude of a can be part of the packaging or can be an identifier particular party to another in conducting a transaction 60 59 61 62 inherent in the packaging . Based on
Government based on a belief that the person he or she believes will Regulation No. 69/1999 on halal products, it is 63 64 65 fulfill all its obligations well as expected . Hasan [4] mandatory to include the halal label, namely any defines trust as the desire to rely on exchange partners description of the products in the form of drawings, 66 believed . Past experiences and previous interactions writings, combinations of both or other forms included 68 67 69 shape brand trust . Griffin [5] emphasizes that trust 71 70 in the food, put in, affixed to and or part of food occur when a group believes that another group's 72 packaging . According to government regulation chapter 73 53 actions will produce positive results for them. Griffin
Repetitive word: 74 essential
54 Repetitive word: essential
states that trust is a process of calculating (calculative throughout the territory of Indonesia to be traded and process) between the costs incurred with the results declares that the product is lawful for Muslims is 75 obtained . Excellent service received now will continue responsible for the correctness of the statement and for the future, so service quality has a positive effect 76 shall include halal information on the label. 78 77 79 80 81 82 positive influence on trust . According to the
Trust- 83 Commitment theory trust is a key variable for LPPOM MUI is an institution whose task is to maintaining a long-term relationship, including a brand examine, review, analyze and decide whether the [6]. 55 56 [ the organization or an organization ] 84
[ the product or a product ]
products are good food and its derivatives. It states that
57 [ enhance Enhance ] 58 →
[ ] content Content
→
medicines and cosmetics are safe for consumption both The object attribute trust is the knowledge of 85 86 87 88 89 90 regarding health and from the side of Islam 91 92 that is 93 94 95 96 97 an object having a particular attribute called 98 59 the
[ inherent in inherent in ] 60 → [ ] inherent → Inherent
kosher or not. It provides recommendations, formulates 61
[ in the in the ] →
attribute-object trust. The object attribute trust connects 62
[ the packaging the packaging ] →
provisions and guidance to the community. The institute
99 100 101 102 103 104
was founded on the decision of the 63
[ ] fulfill → Fulfill
Majelis Ulama 64
[ obligations well obligations well ] 65 →
service. Thus, the belief that a four-wheeled vehicle
[ as expected as expected ] →
Indonesia (MUI) based on the decree number 018 / 105 106 107 108 109 driven on a rural road is an object- 110 111 attribute trust .
MUI / 1989, on 26 Jumadil Awal 1409 Hijri or 6 Through the object attribute trust, consumers state what 112 113 114 115 January 1989. Halal product certificate is a 66
[ believed Believed ] →
decree they know about something regarding variations of its issued by the MUI Leadership Board in the form of the attributes. The attribute-benefit belief is that someone 67
shape brand shape brand 116 117 118 119 → [ ]
certificate. This halal product certificate is 68
[ shape Shape ] 120 →
a 69
brand trust brand trust [ ]
→
searches for products and services that will solve their 70 Repetitive word:
food
requirement to list halal label. It means that before the 71
the food or a food 121 122 123 124 125 [ ]
problems and meet their needs , in other 126 words , has 72
[ packaging Packaging ]
entrepreneur gets permission to include the halal label → attributes that will provide recognizable benefits. The 73
[ ]
on his food products, first he pocketed the certificate of actions Actions 128 127 129 130 131 → relationship between these attributes and 132 74 benefits
Repetitive word: produces
halal products obtained by the Institute for Food and 133 describes the second type of trust, the so-called trust of 134 Drugs and Cosmetics Assessment (LPPOM) MUI. 135 benefit attributes. Trust attribute benefits are consumer 136 137 138 139 140 141 Halal labeling is one of the essential 142 143 144 points in this 145 146 147 148 149 perceptions about how far a particular 150 attribute 151 152 153 study. According to Alma [3], the halal label is 75 the
[ ] obtained → Obtained
produces or provides specific benefits. The perception 154 155 156 157 158 inclusion of writing or a statement of 159 160 161 halal on the that a vehicle driven in a field gives a better view of the packaging of products to indicate that the product in 162 163 76 road . The object trust is the third kind of trust formed
[ ] 77 shall → Shall by linking objects and benefits. The object-benefit trust is the consumer's perception of how far a specific Switching Barrier product , person or service will provide specific benefits. Switching barrier is a hurdle felt by a consumer to switch from an old product to a new Halal Product product [14,15]. Moving obstacles refer to the difficulty Halal products are food products, medicines, level to move to another service provider when the cosmetics and other products that contain no elements customer is not satisfied with the services they receive. or illicit goods. Muslims are forbidden to consume raw The moving barrier can be a financial, social and materials, additives, other auxiliaries including psychological constraint a customer feels when moving production materials processed through genetic to a new service provider. The higher the barriers to engineering and irradiation processes whose processors moving will further encourage customers to stick with are incompatible with Islamic shari'a 171 170 164 165 166 169 168 167 172
Incorrect spacing [ positive Positive
→ 90 [ side of side of ]
[ called the called the
] → 98
] → 96 Incorrect spacing 97 [ attribute called attribute called
[ having a having a
] → 95
[ object having object having
] → 94
→ 93 [ an object an object
→ 92 [ that is that is ]
→ 91 [ Islam that Islam that ]
→ 89 [ the side the side ]
] → 79
→ 88 [ from the from the ]
→ 87 [ and from and from ]
→ 86 [ health and health and ]
85 [ regarding health regarding health ]
] →
84 [ products Products
[ to the to the ] → 83 Overused word: key
[ According to According to ] → 82
[ on trust on trust ] → 81
[ influence on influence on ] → 80
] →
(www.lpppomui.org). While in seeing these products of consumer loyalty one of them is switching barrier. kosher or not the public can see the halal label on the The barrier to move, which is about the barriers that product packaging . Labels have a close relationship consumers feel when they move from one product to with marketing . Labeling is an essential product another . According to Angipora [1] switching barrier element that deserves careful attention with the aim of that is as difficult to move to the provider of other attracting consumers Rahmawati [2]. In general, the products or services felt by consumers who are not label must contain at least the name or brand of the satisfied with the current service, or the financial Available online: http://scholarsmepub.com/sjhss/ 308 Indawati Lestari et al., Saudi J. Humanities Soc. Sci., Vol- 3, Iss-2 (Feb, 2018): 305-317 burden , social burden and psychological burden felt by customers when switching to other product or service providers. When customers are dissatisfied with the performance of the product, more new considerations arise as to why consumers are willing to share their usual brand selection. Customer satisfaction never entirely indicates a 173 174 175 177 176 178 179 181 180 182 183 184 187 186 185 188 189 190 99
→ 117 [ halal product halal product ]
[ and benefits and benefits ] → 133
[ attributes and attributes and ] → 132
[ these attributes these attributes ] → 131
Incorrect spacing 128 [ the relationship or a relationship ] 129 [ between these between these ] → 130
→ 127
→ 126 [ other words other words ]
→ 125 [ in other in other ]
→ 124 [ their needs their needs ]
→ 123 [ meet their meet their ]
→ 122 [ and meet and meet ]
→ 121 [ problems and problems and ]
→ 120 [ is a is a ]
→ 118 Incorrect spacing 119 [ certificate is certificate is ]
116 [ This halal This halal ]
[ was founded was founded ] → 100
[ is a is a ] →
Incorrect spacing 114 [ certificate is certificate is ] → 115
Incorrect spacing 111 Incorrect spacing 112 [ Halal product Halal product ] → 113
[ is an is an ] → 110
[ road is road is ] → 109
[ rural road rural road ] → 108
[ on a on a ] → 107
[ driven on driven on ] → 106
[ of the of the ] → 105
[ decision of decision of ] → 104
[ the decision the decision ] → 103
[ on the on the ] → 102
[ founded on founded on ] → 101
Repetitive word: 134 trust to choose products. Consumers are limited to making choices on some of the products that the market is trying to offer. Switching barrier can make customers feel reluctant to switch brands because of several advantages. It can be an asset for the company to make this switching barrier a strength for the company's survival. Telagawathi [7] said that switching barrier is all the factors that make the consumer challenging to switch brands. Switching this barrier can be a barrier for consumers to move from one brand to another. Barriers are an investment whose relationship can be measured by matter, just as it seeks to encourage and support the consumer to feel willing to continue the relationship, and how to feel compelled to continue the relationship.
Related Works Absharina [8] shows that brand image has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty on Wardah brand product in Malang City. While the results of research Zhang [9], indicates that the brand image has a positive and insignificant effect on customer loyalty on Wardah brand products. From the results of this study, there are inconsistent results (research gap) between Absharina and Zhang [9]. This study examines the consistency of Absharina and Zhang studies on brand image and loyalty. The difference between the two studies is on the type of Wardah brand that is believed to have a right brand image, and the results will also be right , but this research takes a brand image that is not yet widely known in the community, therefore the result of whether it is proven right or not. Contributions resulting from the different types of brands will give a different picture of the brand image results from favorite products and unfamiliar product brand image. For the problem of trust, consumers are still less confident 191 192 193 194 195 196 197
] → 155
] → 150
Incorrect spacing 151 [ the halal the halal
] → 152
[ halal label halal label
] → 153
[ label is label is
] → 154
[ inclusion of inclusion of
[ of writing of writing ] → 156
] → 149
[ writing or writing or ] → 157
[ or a or a ] → 158
[ statement of statement of ] → 159
[ of halal of halal ] → 160
[ halal on halal on ] → 161
[ on the on the ] → 162
[ the road ] 163 Repetitive word: 164 trust
[ by By ] → 165
[ the product or a product ] 166 Repetitive word: specific this perceptions this perception
[ far a far a
[ how far how far
[ Drugs and Drugs and ] → 135
[ the essential the essential
[ benefit Benefit
] → 136
[ Halal labeling Halal labeling ] → 137
[ labeling is labeling is ] → 138
[ is one is one ] → 139
[ one of one of ] → 140
[ of the of the
] → 141
] → 142
] → 148
[ essential points essential points
] → 143
[ points in points in
] → 144
[ in this in this
] → 145
[ ] 146 [ perceptions about perceptions about
] → 147
[ about how about how
→ product, where Tabita products only promote their products through online media that most online media still cannot be trusted entirely because of various fraud against consumers. It happens due to the exchange of information flow in the current era of globalization that is increasingly quick and easy to make consumers more selective in choosing the products they buy, it happens because information about a product offered more and wide open for the community. Consumers Tabita cosmetic products that start with a level of confidence so high that no longer 167 examine the expiration date of goods purchased. Unoriginal text: 9 words 168 www.coursehero.com/file/p3f5urhp/I…
Consumers also have a high commitment to take the time
[ ] 169 customer → Customer
to submit a complaint, but because they do not get a 170 [ the customer or a customer ] [ or Or ] reasonable response, then there is the disappointment by → saying irritation that shows a fading commitment.
The existence of differences of previous research results on 198 the belief express trust significantly affect customer 199 loyalty. The different results from research Bojei [10] 200 201 stated that the trust does not significantly affect customer loyalty. The authors are interested in reexamining by linking the existence of a switching barrier among 202 171 variables affecting loyalty. The existence of a research
[ to To ] →
gap between previous research by Patimah [11] which states halal label has a positive and significant effect on 203 204 the loyalty of Wardah cosmetic customers. Then 205 Wilson [12], showed that the halal label has a positive 206 and insignificant effect on customer loyalty. From the results of this study, there are inconsistent results (research gap) between research Patimah and Wilson. The difference is as a basis for researchers to re-examine consistency by choosing different products or products that are not well known but the customer is quite a lot. The most 172 fundamental contribution to the concept of halal labels is
[ the old The old ] →
that customers tend to buy products that have halal 207 208 labels , but not all are considered valid if faced with 209 products that are considered qualified to replace the 173 halal label.
of Of [ ]
→
174 Repetitive word: barrier
Table-2: Observation Results Trend of Brand Displacement 175
Repetitive word: 176 barriers [ product packaging product packaging ]
No 177 →
[ ] product → Product
Brand 178
Repetitive word: 179 Labels
User
Repetitive word: move
Duration 180 Halal
[ with marketing with marketing ] 181 → [ with With ] →
Displacement 182 1.
[ another Another ] 183 → Angipora Angora
[ ] →
Erha 184
5
the element or an element 210 [ ]
3 months No No 185 2. 186 Sentence fragment Incorrect spacing
Tabita 187
[ attracting Attracting ] →
8 211 3 months 188 No
[ the label or a label ]
2 of 8 3. Wardah
24 212 2 months Yes No 4. Lbc
3 213 2 months No No Table-2 shows that from 40 students using various cosmetic brands that is about eight people using Tabita brand cosmetics and there are 2 of 8 consumers want to change the brand. Consumers switch to other products and 214 are inconsistent in using Tabita cosmetics. Consumers
189 [ ]
consumption and can be trusted. Consumers burden Burden 190 →
[ and ] ,
215 desire to switch brands shows that consumers are not loyal to using Tabita cosmetics and the need for producers to create barriers that bind the consumer (switching barrier).
Available online: http://scholarsmepub.com/sjhss/ 309 191
Repetitive word: switch
Indawati Lestari et al., Saudi J. Humanities Soc. Sci., Vol- 3, Iss-2 (Feb, 2018): 305-317 192
Repetitive word: 193 barrier Repetitive word: Switching
METHODOLOGY 194 Data Collection
Repetitive word: Barriers
With the issue of brand image, beliefs and halal products that exist in Tabita products this makes consumers more 195 and more hesitant in using Tabita cosmetics. It proved that
Repetitive word: 216 196 feel
with the initial observations
Repetitive word: continue
217 made on the students of the Faculty of Economics and Business UNPAB. Of the 30 respondents who were 218 asked about the use of Tabita cosmetics, there is a tendency for increased use, but this phenomenon does not match the image of Tabita is not well known.
Table-3: Rate of Tabita product usage No.
2015 2016 2017 197
1 Repetitive word:
right
Daily Cream
28
29
24
2 Nightly Cream
29
25
22
3 Facial Soap
23
25
29
4 Smooth Lotion
12
16
15
5 Special Cream
8
8
5
6 219 Serum Vitamin E Gold
5
6
5
7 Acne Cream
10 198
16
[ affect affects ] 199 →
12 Repetitive word: 200 results
8 Repetitive word: 201 trust
Repetitive word: significantly
Eye Cream
202
8 Repetitive word:
existence
4 203
9 204 tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/000… Unoriginal text: 8 words Face Powder
Repetitive word: loyalty
6 205
6 Repetitive word: 206 label
5 Repetitive word:
effect
10 Matt Finishing
8
7
9
11 Hand and Body Lotion
11 207
14 Repetitive word: 208 labels
12 209 Passive voice
12 Repetitive word:
considered
Body Scrub
13
13
13 Average
14
15
13 Descriptive Statistics Analysis This research consists of five variables, three independent variables such as brand (X1), trust (X2), halal label (X3) 210 and two dependent variables such as switching barrier (Y1)
[ Three ] 3 →
as intervening variable, and loyalty (Y2) as the dependent variable. In the questionnaire, each variable is 220 manifested into a statement that should be filled by respondents amounting to 190 people. Questionnaire 221 222 answers are provided in five alternative answers , such 211
[ Three ]
3 →
Strongly Agree (SS) with score 5 223 Agree (S) with score 4 224 Less agree (KS) with score 3 225 Disagree (TS) with score 2 226 212 Strongly disagree (STS) with score 1
[
2 Two ] →
In answering the problem of research presumably described the characteristics of the data source, so that the data used to answer the question more accurate. The authors will describe the characteristics of respondents based on the 213 results of the questionnaire analysis contained in the field.
[
2 Two ] 227 →
The analysis used in this research is descriptive 228 229 analysis is to describe the respondent's perception of the items of the proposed statement. The number of respondents ranging from the number 1 to 5. Each questionnaire was 230 given to consumers of Tabita products. This following rules can see score interval scale of respondent's explanation. 214
Repetitive word: using
0.00 - 1.80 is strongly disagree 1.81 - 2.60 is disagree 2.61 - 3.40 Neutral 3.41 - 4.20 is agreed 215
4,21 - 5,00 is very amenable
[ the desire or a desire ]
RESULT AND DISCUSSION Respondents in this study are 190 students of the Faculty of Economics and Business Development UNPAB who use Tabita cosmetics. Characteristics of respondents are 231 described by age, education level and how long to use Tabita cosmetics. Characteristics of Respondents by Age respondents based on the age of 17-18 years is ten people with the 5.26%, respondents aged 19-20 years there are 85 people with 44.73%, respondents aged 21-25 years there are 80 people there 42.10%. Respondents aged 26-30 years there are 15 people with 7.89%. It shows that customers who buy and use Tabita's most dominant cosmetic products are at the age of 18-20 years.
Table-4: Respondents by Age
216
No
observations [ . ]
Age 217 Respondent
made Made [ ]
→
Percentage (%) 218
Passive voice
1 17-18
10
5.26
2 19-20
85
44.73
3 21-25
42.10
4 26-30
15
7.89 Total 190 219
100
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Available online: http://scholarsmepub.com/sjhss/ 310 Indawati Lestari et al., Saudi J. Humanities Soc. Sci., Vol-
It is because the average age of students is at the age of 18- 20 years. It confirms that respondents are still in the 232 productive age who use Tabita cosmetics because the product is a trend among students. These products are capable of delivering benefits to their liking and product performance that does not take a long time to achieve maximum results.