EFEKTIVITAS TINDAKAN RAZIA PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI KABUPATEN SIDOARJO DAN MASALAH-MASALAH YANG DITIMBULKANNYA Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY

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  S URABAYA 1 9 8 3 KATA l ENGANTAR De n g a n me ma n j a t k a n s y u k u r k e p a d a Al l a h Swt . k a r e n a r a h ma t Ny a , a k h i r n y a s e l e s a i j u &a p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i ni .

  De n g a n s e l e s a i n y a s k r i p s i i n i , b e r &r t i t e l a h s e l e ­ s a i p u l a s a t u t a h a p d a l a m k e h i d u p a n s a y a , y a i t u , t u g a s a k a d e mi y a n g d e n g a n b e r a t e e r t a k e t e k u n a n h a t i d a p a t s a y a l e wa t i . Na mu n , h a l i n i b e r a r t i p u l a me n g h a r u s k a n e a y a u n - t u k b e r p a c u l e b i h g i a t l a g i d e n g a n b e k a l k e b e r h a s i l a n i n i u n t u k me ma s u k i t a h a p b e r i k u t n y a , y a i t u , b e r a ma l b a k t i t e r - J u n k e d a l a m ma s y a r a k a t ,

  P a d a k e s e mp a t a n i n i , t a k l u p a s a y a u c a p k a n r a s a t e - r i r aa k a s i h y a n g e e b e s a r - b e s a r n y a k e p a d a I b u Emmy Yu h a s s a - r i e , S . H. , LL. M. d a n Ba p a k Uma r Ha s y i m, S. H. y a n g t e l a h b e r k e n a n me r a b i mb i n g d a l a m p e n u l i s a n s k r i p a i i n i h i n g g a e e - l e s a i .

  Uc a p a n t e r i ma k a s i h y a n g s e b e s a r - b e s a r n y a j u g a s a y a s a mp a i k a n k h u s u s n y a k e p a d a P e me r i n t a h Da e r a h Ti n g k a t I I Ka - b Up a t &B S i d o a r j o y a n g t e l a h b e r s e d i a me mb e r i k a n d a t a d a l a m p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i s e r t a k e p a d a s e r a ua p i h a k y a n g t e l a h me mb e r i k a n b a n t u a n s e l a ma s a y a b e l a j a r i l mu h u k u m d i F a k u l - t a s Hu k u m Un i v e r s i t a s Ai r l a n ^ . g a Su r a b a y a *

  Ak h i r n y a , s a y a me n y a d a r i b a h wa s k r i p s i i n i u n t u k d i - p a n d a n g s e b a g a i k a r y a i l mi a h t e n t u t i a d a l u p u t d a r i k e k u - r a n g a n - k e k u r a n g a n , n a mu n , h a r a p a n s a y a s e mo g a s k r i p s i i n i s a mp a i p a d a t u j u a n n y a .

  Su r a b a y a , 2 9 J u n i 1 9 8 3 S u t i o n o i i i DAF TAR I SI h a l a ma n KATA P ENGANTAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i i i

  DAF TAR I SI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i v BAB I : P E NUAHUUUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  2. Da mp a k Ue g a t i f d a r i Ad a n y a Ra z i a . . 1 0

  1. Ap l i k a s i Ra z i a t e r h a d a p Li n g k u n g a n So s i a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  31

  27 I V : US AHA- US AHA P ENANGGULANGAN . . . . . . . . . . .

  17 2. I mp l i k a s i - i mp l i k a e i 4y a n g Te r j a d i . .

  1. Pe mi k i r a n d a n Te o r i Ke t a a t a n d a n Xe p a t u h a n Hu k u m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  15 I I I : PANDANGAN TEORI TI S PEMECAHAN MASALAH, . 1 7

  3. Da mp a k P o s i t i f d a r i Ad a n y a Ra z i a • •

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  1 1. La t a r Be l a k a n g Ma s a l a h . . . . . . . . . . .

  8 / 1. Ma k s u d d a n Tu j u a n Ad a n y a Ra z i a . . . .

  6 I I i PERSOALAN * ANG TI KBt l L DAK I TI NDAXAN RAZI A TEKHADAP P EDAGANG KAKI LI KA . . . .

  5. S i s t e ma t i k a d a n P e r t a n g g u n g j a wa b a n - n y a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  4

  3 4* Me t o d c l o g i . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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  35 V : P KNUT OP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0

  1. Xe s i mp u l a n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 2 • Sa r a n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *. .

  42 1) A>’TAR BACAAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 v BAB I P ENDAHU1 UAN

  1. La t a r Be l a k a n g Ma s a l a h Ke h a d i r a n p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma , a k h i r - a k h i r i n i , b a - n y a k r a e n i mb u l k a n p e r ma s a l a h a n . Sa l a h s a t u a s p e k p e r ma s a l a h ­ a n i t u , y a i t u , y a n g me n y a n g k u t r a z i a y e n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h a p a r a t * - a p a r a t y a n g b e r we n a n g t e r h a d a p p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t e r s e b u t . Da l a m h a l I n i a k a n t e r l i b a t e e t i d a k - t i d a k - n y a p e me r i n t a h d a e r a h , ma s y a r a k a t ( d a l a m k o n t e k s i n i , y a i t u , p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma ) d a n f a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g l a i n ,

  Ka l a u k i t a l i h a t , d e wa s a i n i n e &a r a k i t a e e d a n g g i a t - g i a t n y a me n g g a l a k k a n p e mb a n g u n a n d i g e g a l a b i d a n g d a n s a l a h s a t u b i d a n g y a n g di r a a ks ud t e r s e b u t a d a l a h b i d a n g h u - kUTD.

  S e b a g a i ma n a d a p a t d i l i h a t d a l a m Ke t e t a p a n Ma j e l i A P e r mu s y a v a r a t a n Ra k y a t , Ta p * No . I V/ MP R/ 1 9 7 8 y a n g p a d a p o - k o k n y a me n y a t a k a r , b a h wa p e mb a n g u n a n d a n p e mb i n a a n b i d a n g h u k u m d i a r a h k a n a g a r h u k u m ma mp u me me n u h i k e b u t u h a n s e s u a i d e n g a n t i n g k a t k e ma j u a n p e mb a n g u n a n d i e e g a l a b i d a n g , s e - h i n g g a d a p a t l a h d i c i p t a k a n k e t e r t i t a n d a n k e p a s t i a n h u k u m d a n me mp e r l a n c a r p e l a k s a n a a n p e mb a n g u n a n .

  Da r i k e t e t a p a n MPH t e r s e b u t n a mp a k b a h wa h u k u m e e - y o g ^ a n y a me n g i k u t i p e r k e mb a n g a n ma s y a r a k a t . Da l a m k a i t a n - n y a d e n g a n ma s a l a h p e mb a n g u n a n h u k u m, ma k a f a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g l a i n ( f a k t o r - f a k t o r n o n h u k u m) h a r u s j u g a d i t e l a a h p u ­ l a s e b a b f a k t o r - f a k t o r n o n h u k u m t e r s e b u t t u r u t b e r p e r a n

  1

  ? s e r t a me mp e n g a r u h i b e k e r j a n y a h u k u m.

  Be k e r j a n y a p e r a t u r a n h u k u m i t u s e n d i r i j u g a d i - t e n t u k a n o l e h b e b e r a p a f a k t o r . P e r t a ma a d a n y a s a n k s i , k e d u a , y a i t u , p e r a t u r a n h u k u m t e r s e b u t b e r p e n g a r u h p o - s i t i t f a t a u k a h n e g a t i f t e r h a d a p l i n g k u n ^ a n s o s i a l , k e - t i g a , y a i t u , a d a n y a n i l a i - n i l a i i n t e r n a l : b a &a i ma n a p e r - t a l i a n a n t a r a e u a r a h a t i a t a u b a t i n d e n g a n s i k a p , a d a n y a l e g i t i ma s i i t u p a t u t d i t a a t i d e n g a n s a d a r a t a u k a h t i d a k d i t a a t i s a ma s e k a l i . ^

  Ka l a u d i k e mb a l i k a n l a g i p a d a ma s a l a h p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma , t e n t u n y a l a t a r b e l a k a n g k e h i d u p a n me r e k a ( p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma ) t i d a k b i s a d i a b a i k a n b e g i t u s a j a , p a t u t d i t e l a - a h j u g a , s e b a b k e b a n y a k a n me r e k a b e r a e a l d a r i g o l o n g a n p e ­ d a g a n g y a n g b e r k e l a s e k o n o mi l e ma h b i l a d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n p a r a p e d a g a n g l a i n y a n g ma mp u me n d i r i k a n k i o s - k i o s a t a u p u n t o k o - t o k o d e n g a n Bi f a t y a n g p e x ma n e n .

  Le b i h - l e b i h l a g i k e b i j a k u a n a a n p e mb a n g u n a n d a l a m P e l i t a Ke t i g a i n i d i l a n d a s k a n p a d a Tr i l o g i P e mb a n g u n a n d e n g a n t e k a n a n y a n g l e b i h d i t o n j o l k a n k e p a d a s e g i p e me r a - t a a n . As a s p e me r a t a a r j y a n g me n u j u t e r c i p t a n y a k e a d i l a n s o - s i a l i t u a k a n d i t u a r i g k a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i l a n g k a h d a n k o g i - a t a n a n t a r a l a i n me l a l u i d e l a p a n j a l u r p e me r a t a a n , d a n

  ■ ^l a wr e nc e M. Fr i e d ma n , ' i ' he &e g a l Sy s t e m: A S o c i a l S c i e n c e P e r s p e c t i v e , Ru s s e l Sa g e F o u n d a t i o n , Ne w Yo r k ,

  v m r ~ t r w r s a l a h s a t u d i a nt a r a r j y a t e r d a p a t p e me r a t a a n k e s e mp a t a n b e r - u s a h a . h a l a u k i t a k a i t k a n d e n g a n ma s a l a h p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma , ma k a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma i t u j u g a me r u p a k a n s u a t u u s a h a y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h me r e k a y a n g b e r k e l a s e k o n o mi l e r a a h d a n b e r - ma k s u d u n t u k me me n u h i k e b u t u h a n h i d u p n y a , a t a u d e n g a n k a t a l a i n b a h wa u s a h a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma s e b a g a i s a r a n a u n t u k me n c a r i na i ' ka h*

  Ol e h k a r e n a i t u , ma s a l a h p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma s e y o g l a - n y a t i d a k d i t i n j a u d a r i s e g i f o r ma l l e g a l s a j a , me l a i n k a n j u g a d e n g a n me n g a d a k a n p e n g h a mp i r a n a t a u p e n d e k a t a n y a n g s o s i o l o g i s f u n g s i o n a l .

  2. Al a s a n ^ e mi l i h a n J u d u l Ma s a l a h t i n d a k a n r a z i a t e r h a d a p p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma d i J Ga b u p a t e n t i i doa r j o a d a l a h me r u p a k a n ma s a l a h y a n g c u k u p me n a r i k u n t u k d i b a h a s k a r e n a d a l a m k e n y a t a a n n y a t e - l a h b e r u l a n g k a l i t i n d a k a n r a z i a d i l a k u k a n , n a mu n s e t e l a h r a z i a b e r a k h i r , p a r a p e d a g a n g kaJ ki l i ma y a n g t e r k e n a r a z i a

  I t u k e mb a l i l a g i k e l o k a s i s e mu l a s e h i n g g a d i s i n i d a p a t d i l i h a t b a h wa ma s a l a h p e r a t u r a n o l e h h u k u m i t u b u k a n Ba j a d a r i s e g i l e g i 5t i mi t a s n y a > me l a i n k a n ha r u' S d i p e r h a t i k a n 3 u g a s e g i e f e k t i v i t a s n y a .

  3. Pe r ma s a l a h a - n a t a u Be b e r a p a As u ms i P e r ma s a l a h a n y a n g t i mb u l d a r i t i n d a k a n r a z i a t e r h a ­ d a p p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

  1. me n g a p a p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t e r s e b u t ma s i h s a j a k e m­ b a l i l a g i k e t e mp a t a t a u l o k a s i s e mu l a wa l a u p u n me r e k a t e l a h s e r i n g k a l i d i r a z i a ? 2. b a g a i ma n a s i k a p p a r a p e t u g a s h u k u m t e r h a d a p ma s a l a n r a - z i a t e r s e b u t ?

  3. b a g a i ma n a s i k a p p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma i t u s e n d i r i t e r ­ h a d a p p e r a t u r a n h u k u m? S u a t u a s u ms i y a n g d a p a t d i k e mu k a k a n d i e i n i u n t u k b u t i r 1 y a i t u mu n g k i n t i n d a k a n r a z i a t e r e e b u t t i d a k d i i m- b a n g i o l e h Xa k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g l a i n , mi e a l n y a , s a j a t i d a k d i s e d i a k a n n y a l o k a s i y a n g me ma d a i o l e h p e me r i n t a h d a e r a h s e t e mp a t . At a u mu n g k i n me r e k a e n g g a n me n i n g g a l k a n l o k a s i e e r a ul a d i s e b a b k a n k a r e n a l o k a s i t e r s e b u t s a n g a t o t r a t e g i s s e h i n g g a me n g u n t u n g k a n b a g i me r e k a .

  As u ms i y a n g d a p a t d i k e mu k a k a n u n t u k b u t i r 2, y a i t u , k e mu n g k i n a n n y a p a r a p e t u g a s h u k u m t i d a k b e g i t u me n g i n d a h - k a n s e g i - s e g i y a n g l a i n , t e t a p i y a n g l e b i h d i u t a ma k a n , y a ­ i t u , p e l a k s a n a a n t u g a s n y a s e ma t a - ma t a s e a k a n - a k a n p e r a t u r ­ a n h u k u m i t u t i d a k me n i mb u l k a n e f e k - e f e k s a mp i n g a n s a ma s e - k a l i .

  S e d a n g k a n u n t u k b u t i r k e t i ^ a , a s u ms i n y a y a i t u me r e k a k u r a n g me n g e t a h u i a t a u t i d a k me n g e t a h u i s a ma s e k a l i a k a n p e r a t u r a n h u k u m. Ha l i n i k e mu n g k i n a n n y a a d a l a h p a r a p e d a ­ g a n g k a k i l i ma t e r s e b u t p a r a n g a t a u t i d a k p e r n a h d i b e r i k a n p e n y u l u h a n h u k u m ( k h u s u s n y a P e r d a t e r s e b u t ) , s e h i n g g a e u l i t d i h a r a p k a n a d a n y a r a s a k e s a d a r a n h u k u m d a r i me r e k a ,

  4. Ke t o d o l o g i 4 . 1 . S u mb e r d a t a

  4 . 1 . 1 * d a t a k e p u s t a k a a n ; 4 . 1 . 2 . d a t a l a p a n g a n .

  4 . 1 . ? . Te k n i k p e n g u mp u l a n d a t a Da l a m p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s l i n i , p e n g u mp u l a n d a t a d i - p e r o l e h d e n g a n j a l a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

  4 - ^ * 1 * b t u d i k e p u s t a k a u n .

  Ba h a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i s t u d i k e p u s t a k a a n , y a i t u , o e n g a n j a l a n r a e mba c a b u k u - b u k u , ma j a - l a h - ma j a l a h , s u r a t k a b a r , ma k a l a h , p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n Ga n g a n d a n d o k u me n - d o k u me n y a n g a a a h u b u n g a n n y a d e n g a n ma s a l a h y a n g d i b a h a s d c l a m s k r i p s i i ni ;

  4 . 2 . 2 / S u r v a i Da l a m s u r v a i di a t i a ka n wa wa n c a r a d e n g a n p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma k h u s u s n y a d i k a b u p a t e n b i d o a r j o . b e l a i n d e n g a n p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma , wa wa n c a r a j u g a d i a a a k a n d e n g a n a p a r a t

  P e me r i n t a h Da e r a h Ti n g k a t I I Ka b u p a t e n b i - d o a r j o y a n g b e r we n a n g me n a n g a n i ma s a l a h p a ­ r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma , k e t e r a n g a n d a n p e n j e - l a s a n d a t a t e r s e b u t , k e mu d i a n d i s u s u n l a h d a t a y a n t s i s t e ma t i s d a n d i n i l a i s e r t a d i - a n a l i s i s s e b a g a i d a t a y a n g d a p a t d i p e r t a n g - t u n g j a wa b k a n k e b e n a r a n n y a . J u g a , u n t u k me - n g u j i k e b e n a r a n a s u ms i - a s u ms i y a n g d i r u mu s - k a n d i mu k a .

  4 * 3 . Te k n i k a n a l i s i s d a t a Te k n i k a n a l i s i s d a t a y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n d a l a m me - n y u s u n s k r i p s i i n i y a i t u d e n g a n me n g g u n a k a n me t o - d e d e s k r i p t i f , e o s i o l o g i s , d a n a n a l i t i s . De s k r i p - t i f b e r a r t i me ma p a r k a n mo t i v a s i t i n d a k a n r a ? , i a y a n g d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma , s o e i o - l o g i s , y a i t u , d e n g a n j a l a n p e n e l i t i a n l a p a n g a n , s e - d a n g k a n a n a l i s i s d i s i n i d i l a k u k a n b e r d a s a r k a n p e r ­ a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n ma - s a l a h p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma s e r t a d i k a i t k a ^ p u l a d e n g a n k e n y a t a a n - k e n y a t a a n y a n g a d a ( d a l a m a r t i a n b a h wa h u -

  (, kum i t u t i d a k d i l i h a t s e b a g a i l a w i n b o o k s a j a , t e - t a p i a d a l a h l a w i n a c t i o n ) .

  5* S i s t e ma t i k a d a n Pe r t a n g g u n g . j a wa b a n n y a Un t u k me n g e t a h u i ma k s u d d a n t u j u a n p e mb n h a s a n , t e r - l e b i h d a h u l u p e r l u d i k e mu k a k a n s i s t e ma t i k a e e b a g a i b e r i k u t b a b I me r u p a k a n b a b p e n d a h u l u a n d e n g a n me n g e mu k a k a n l a t a r b e l a k a n g , ma a a l a h a l a s a n p e r a i l i h a n . j u d u l , p e r ma s a l a h a n , me t o d o l o g i y a n g me l i pf c t i s u mb e r d a t a , . t e k n i k p e n g u mp u l a n d a t a , t e k n i k a n a l i s i s d a t a , s e r t a s i s t e ma t i k a d a n p e r t a n g - g u n g j a wa b a n n y a *

  Ra z i a y a n g d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ­ ma k i r a n y a t i d a k l u p u t d a r i p e r s o a l a n - p e r s o a l a n y a n g b e r k a - i t a n d e n g a n p e r s o a l a n r a z i a i t u o e n d i r i , o l e h k a r e n a i t u d a l a m b a b I I me mb a h a s me n g e n a i p e r s o a l a n - p e r s o a l a n y a n g d i -

  7 i i mb u l k a n d a r i t i n d a k a n r a z i a t e r h a d a p p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma * s e r t a b a g a i ma n a d a mp a k p o s i t i f ma u p u n d a mp a k n e - g a t i f a d a n y a r a z i a t e r s e b u t , b a i k b a g i p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma i t u s e n d i r i , p i h a k p e me r i n t a h d a e r a h s e t e mp a t ma u p u n ma e y a r a k a t .

  Ad a n y a p e r ma s a l a h a n - p e r ma s a l a h a n s e b a g a i ma n a d i - u r a i k a n d a l a m b a b I X d i a t a s k i r e n y a me me r l u k a n e u a t u p e - me c a h a n d a n p e n y e l e s a i a n n y a , ma k a d a l a m b a b I I I i n i me n g e mu k a k a n p a n d a n g a n t e c r i t i s me n g t n a i p e me c a h a n ma s a l a h t e r s e b u t , d a n d a l a m b a b I V b e r u s a h a p u l a me n g e mu k a k a n u s a h a - u s a h a p e n a n g g u l a n g a n a l p i k a s i r a z i a t e r h a d a p l i n g k u n g a n s o s i a l s e r t a me n g e mu k a k a n b e b e r a p a a l t e r n a t i f p e n y e l e s a i - a n ma s a l a h t i n d a k a n r a z i a t e r s e b u t .

  S e b a g a i a k h i r t u l i s a n , ma k a d i k e mu k a k a n k e s i mp u l - a n d a n b e b e r a p a s a r a n .

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  P ERS OALAN YANG TI MBUL BARI TI NDAKAN RA£ I A TERHADAP P EDAGANG KAKI LI MA

  1. Ma k s u d d a n Tu j u a n Ad a n y a Ra z l a S e s u a t u t i n d a k a n a t a u p e r b u a t a n , t e n t u n y a me s t i me - n g a n d u n g ma k s u d d a n t u j u a n y a n g t e r t e n t u . De mi k i a n p u l a h a l - n y a d e n g a n t i n d a k a n r a z i a y a n g d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p p a r a p e ­ d a g a n g k a k i l i ma y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h Ba g i a n Xe t e r t i b a n Umur a

  Ka b u p a t e n b i d o a r j o , k i r a n y a j u g a me mp u n y a i ma k s u d d a n t u j u - a n y a n g t e r t e n t u p u l a .

  Me n g e n a i p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma i n i , me ma n g s u d a h a d a p e n g a t u r a n n y a , y u i t u , d i t e n t u k a n d a l a m p a s a l 6 ( g ) P e r a t u r ­ a n Da e r a h Ka b u p a t e n Da e r a h Ti n g k a t I I S i d o a r j o No mo r 2 Ta - h u n 1 9 7 6 ( P e r d a No, 2 Ta h u n 1 9 7 6 ) t e n t a n g k e t e n t u a n l a r a n g - a n b e r j u a l a n d i t e p i j a l a n - j a l a n u mu m d a n t r o t o a r d i d a l a m

  Da e r a h Ka b u p a t e n Da e r a h Ti n g k a t I I S i d o a r j o k e c u a l i d e n g a n i j i n Xe p a l a Da e r a h .

  Me n u r u t Ka s u b b a g Xe t e r t i b a n Umu m Ka b u p a t e n Si d o a r j o , d a l a m r a n g k a p e n e r t i b a n p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t e r s e b u t , p i h a k k e t e r t i b a n u mu m t i d a k b e r g e r a k s e p i h a k , d a l a m a r t i a n d i - t a n g a n i s e n d i r i , me l a i n k a n s e l a l u d i mu s y a wa r a h k a n d e n g a n i n s t a n s i y a n g l a i n y a i t u d e n g a n p i h a k Ke p o l i a i a n , DLLAJ R d a n Ke j a k s a a n s e t e mp a t s e h i n g g a t e r d n p a t u n s u r k o o r d i n a s i ,

  8

  9 o d e mi k i a n p u l a j i k a me l a k u k a n o p e r a s i g a b u n g a n .

  S e l a n j u t n y a , d i k a t a k a n j u g a o l e h Ka s u b b a g Ke t e r t i b - a n Umu m b a h wa p e n e r t i b a n p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t e r u t a ma d i t i t i k b e r a t k a n p a d a j a l a n p r o t o k o l , s e d a n g k a n y a n g d i - p e r b o l e h k a n y a i t u 2 0 me t e r d a r i j a l a n p r o t o k o l . 1- ar a p e ­ d a g a n g k a k i l i ma y a n g me l a n g g a r , p a d a u mu mn y a me r e k a t i - d a k t a h u p e r a t u r a n * s e d a n g k a n p i h a k p e n e r t i b a n s e n d i r i d a - l a m me l a k s a n a k a n t u g a s n y a s e l a l u me n g i n g a t d a n me n a n a r a k a n r a s a t e p a s e l i r a , s e b a b p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma i t u s e n d i ­ r i t i d a k l a i n j u g a b e r t u j u a n u n t u k me n c a r i n a f k a h .

  Da l a m k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n ma s a l a h p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma i n i , Ka d i n Ke b e r a i h a n Ka b u p a t e n S i d o a r j o me n g e mu k a k a n p u ­ l a b a h wa ma k s u d d a n t u j u a n d i a d a k a n r a z i a t e r s e b u t t i d a k l a i n a g a r t e r c i p t a s u a s a n a y a n g b e r s i h d a n i n d a h , s e r t a a ma n d a n t e r t i b . Na mu n d e mi k i a n d a l a m me l a k s a n a k a n p e n e r ­

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  t i b a n a t a u d a l a m me l a k s a n a k a n r a z i a i t u s e g i - s e g i k e ma n u - s i a a n j u g a t e t a p d i p e r h a t i k a n d a l a m a r t i a p a r a t p e l a k s a n a r a z i a t e r s e b u t t i d a k b e r b u a t s e we n a n g - we n a n g . Me r e k a y a n g d i r a z i a t e r s e b u t d i i - u mp u l k a n d a n d i b e r i p e n j e l a s a n - p e n j e - l a e a n . Di a n t a r a n y a y a i t u p i h a k P e md a Ka b u p a t e n Ti n g k a t I I

  S i d o a r j o me n c a r i k a n j a l a n k e l u a r n y a y a i t u d e n g a n me mb e r i - k a n l o k a s i y a n g b e b a s r a z i a s e h i n g g a me r e k a l e b i h l e l u a s a Wa wa n c a r a d e n g a n Ka s u b b a g Ke t e r t i b a n Umu m Ka b u p a ­ t e n S i d o a r j o t a n g g a l 1 5 J u l i 1 9 8 2 .

  1 0 u n t u k me l a k u k a n u s a h a t e t a p i d e n g a n s y a r a t b a h wa l o k a s i y a n g d i b e r i k a n t e r s e b u t k a l a u s e wa k t u - wa k t u d i b u t u h k a n u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n u mu mf me r e k a j u g a h a r u s ma u u n t u k d i - p i n d a h k a n l a g i . ^

  Te t a p i , wa l a u p u n p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t e l a h d i b e r i k a n s a r &n - s a r a n b a h wa t e mp a t y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n u n ­ t u k b e r j u a l a n i t u a d a l a h d a e r a h y a n g d i l a r a n g , t e t a p i k e - b a n y a k a n me r e k a i t u ma s i h t i d a k me n g h i r a t i k a n n y a . De n g a n t i d a k d i h i r a u k a n n y a s a r a n - s a r a n i t u ma k a b a r u l a h r a z i a d i j a l a n k a n .

  2. Da mp a k Ne g a t i f d a r i Ad a n y a Ra a i a Ko n s e k u e n s i l o g i s d a r i a d a n y a r a a i a , y a i t u , i pe ni m- b u l k a n d a mp a k p o s i t i f d a n d a mp a k n e g a t i f . P e n e l i t i a n y a n g s a y a l a k u k a n d i k a b u p a t e n S i d o a r j o , d e n g a n me ma k a i me t o d e p e n e l i t i a n f,n o n r a n d o m s a mp l i n g " y a n g a k a n me n g e t a h u i d a n me n e l i t i d a l a m j u ml a h a n g k a y a n g d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p r o s e n - t a s e d a l a m s e t i a p t a b e l p e r ma s a l a h a n n y a , d a n d a l a m me t o d e i n i d i t e t a p k a n j u ml a h s a mp l e ■ 35.

  Da r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n , me n u n j u k k a n b a h wa s e b a g i a n b e s a r p a r a r e s p o n d e n ( p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma ) d a l a m me - k u k a n a k t i v i t a e n y a s e ba t , a i p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma , me r u p a k a n ma t a p e n c a h a r i a n p o k o k , s e b a g a i ma n a d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a

  ^ Wa wa n c a r a d e n g a n Ka d i n Ke b e r s i h a n Ka b u p a t e n S i d o - a r j o t a n g g a l 1 9 J u l i 1 9 8 2 .

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  11 Ta b e l I .

  Ta b e l I . St a t u s Ma t a i e n c a h a r i a n Re s p o n d e n ( d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p r o ­ s e n t a s e ) N - 35

  St a t u s Ma t a P e n c a h a r i a n J U M L A H

  P o k o k a t a u t e t a p S a mp i n g a n 8 5 , 7 0 1 4 , 3 0 1 0 0 , 0 0

  Da l a m t a b e l t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i k e t a h u i b a h wa , s e b a g i a n b e a a r d a r i me r e k a ( 8 5 >7 0 %) s t a t u s ma t a p e n c a h a r i a n n y a a d a ­ l a h p e k e r j a a n p o k o k , e e d a n g k a n 14, 3096 e a j a e e b a g a i ma t a p e n - c a h a r i a n s a mp i n g a n , Ka r e n a me r u p a k a n ma t a p e n c a h a r i a n p o k o k i n i l a h y a n g me n y e b a b k a n b e r t a mb a h n y a p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ­ ma d i t e mp a t s e mu l a , s e h i n g g a j i k a me r e k a d i r a z i a me r e k a me r a s a r u g i k a r e n a t i d a k a d a ma t a p e n c a h a r i a n y a n g l a i n l a g i . Ol e h k a r e n a n y a wa l a u p u n me r e k a s e r i n g k a l i d i r a z i a , me r e k a ma s i h s a j a k e mb a l i k e l o k a s i s e mu l a ,

  S e b a g l a n b e s a r me r e k a j u g a b e r a s a l d a r i l u a r d e s a k a b u p a t e n Si d o a r j o . Un t u k j e l a s n y a d a p a t d i l l h a t p a d a t a ­ b e l I I , Ta b e l I I Te mp a t As a l Re s p o n d e n ( d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p r o s e n t a s e ) N - 35

  12 Te mp a t As a l Da l a m Ka b u p a t e n l u a r Ka b u p a t e n

  J O M U H Si d o a r j o S i d o a r j o 2 8 , 5 7

  1 0 0 , 0 0 7 1 , 4 3 Da r i t a b e l I I n a mp a k b a h wa r e s p o n d e n ( p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma ) s e b a g i a n b e s a r ( 7 1 , 4 5 %) b e r a s a l d a r i l u a r k o t a k a b u p a t e n S i d o a r j o , s e d a n g k a n y a n g s e b a g i a n k e c i l ( 2 8 , 5 7 %) b e r a s a l d a r i d a l a m k a b u p a t e n S i d o a r j o s e n d i r i . Xi r a n y a t e mp a t a s a l r e s p o n d e n b e e a r p e n g a r u h n y a t e r h a d a p s e ma k i n b e r t a mb a h n y a j u ml a h p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma .

  S e l a i n i t u h a r u s d i l i h a t j u g a d a r i s e g i p e n d i d i k a n p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma i t u , y a i t u s e b a g i a n b e s a r me r e k a a d a l a h S e k o l a h Da s a r , e e b a g a i ma n a d i t u n j u k k a n d a l a m t a b e l I I I .

  Ta b e l I I I . Ti n g k a t P e n d i d i k a n Re s p o n d e n ( d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p r o s e n t a s e )

  N * 3 5 Ti n g k a t P e n d i d i k a n

  S e k o l a h Da s a r Se k o l a h P e r g u r u a n Ti d a k p e r n a h

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  1 0 0 , 0 0 9 1 , 4 3 Da r i t a b e l I I I n a mp a k b a h wa s e b a g i a n b e s a r ( 9 1 , 4 3 %) p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t a r a f p e n d i d i k a n n y a a d a l a h r e n d a h , e e h i n g g a h a l i n i me n y e b a b k a n me r e k a l e b i h b a n y a k me mi l i h

  1 3 b e r u s a h a s e b a ^ a i p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma y a n g r e l a t i f t i d a k me mb u t u h k a n k e a h l i a n a t a u s k i l l .

  J a d i d e n g a n d e mi k i a n , wn l a u p u n s u d a h a d a P e r a t u r - a n Da e r a h ( Pe r d a ) y a n g me n g a t u r t e n t a n g k e b e r s i h a n d a n k e t e r t i b a n u mu m d a l a m k a b u p a t e n S i d o a r j o , n a mu n d a l a m k e - n y a t a a n n y a , p e r d a i t u ma s i h b e l u m b e g i t u e f e k t i f . Ke t i d a k e f e k t i f a n P e r d a i n i , j u g a d i s e b a b k a n o l e h b e b e r a p a f a k t o r . S e b a g a i ma n a d i k e mu k a k a n o l e h t i oc r j o no b o e k a n t o , b a h wa

  Ad a s e me n t a r a o r a n g y a n g b e r p e n d a p a t , b a h wa s e s e o r a n g p a t u h p a d a h u k u m k a r e n a f a k t o r p e n y e s u a i a n d i r i t e r ­ h a d a p k a e d a h - k a e d a h t e r s e b u t . Ma s a l a h n y a t i d a k l a h s e - e e d e i h a n a i t u , o l e h k a r e n a b a n y a k h a l - h a l y a n g p e r l u d i j e l a s k a n p e r i h a l p e n y e s u a i a n t a d i . Da l a m k e a d a a n i n i s e o r a n g wa r g a ma s y a r a k a t p a t u h p a d a s u a t u k a e d a h h u k u m t e r t e n t u , o l e h k a r e n a me n g h a r a p k a n s u a t u l mb a l a n t e r ­ t e n t u k a r i a b a wa h d a r i s a y a j a t a u s e b a g a l u s a h a u n t u k

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  mt n g h i n d a y k An u d i r i d a r i ' . k e mu n ^ k i n a n - k e mu n g k i n a n t e r k e - n a s a n k s i n y a a p a b i l a n o r ma t e r s e b u t d i l a n g g a r . J a d i d i a me ma t u h i s u a t u k a e d a h h u k u m b u k a n k a r e n a y a k i n a k a n k e - b a i k a n k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n t e r s e b u t .

  Ki r a n y a p e r ma s a l a h a n n y a t i d a k s e s e d e r h a n a i t u , e e - b a b p a r a l a n g g a n a n i t u t i d a k s a ma d e n g a n c l i e n t , y a i t u t i ­ d a k s e l a l u b e r a d a d i t e r n p a t - t e mp a t y a n g r a ma i s a j a . S e b a ­ g a i ma n a h a l n y a d e n g a n p e n e l i t i a n y a n g s a y a l a k u k a n d i k a ­ b u p a t e n S i d o a r j o , k e b a n ^ a k a n p a r a r e s p o n d e n e n g g a n u n t u k me n i n g g a l k a n l o k a s i s e mu l a wa l a u p u n d i s e d i a k a n l o k a s i y a n g b a r u . Un t u k ^ e l a s n y a d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a t a b e l I V.

  Ta b e l I V ^ S o e r j o n o S o e k a n t o d a n h u s t a f a Ab d u l l a h , S o s i o l o g i

  Hu k u m d a l a m Ma s y a r a k a t , Ka j a wa l i , J a k a r t a , 1 9 8 0 , h. 2 2 9 7

  1 4 S i k a p p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t e r h a d a p l o k a s i b a r u ( d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p r o s e n t a s e )

  P e n y e d i a a n l o k a 3 i b a r u S e t u j u t i d a k s e t u j u

  J U M L A H 1 4 * 3 0 8 5 , 7 0 1 0 0 , 0 0

  Da r i t a b e l I V d a p a t d i l i h a t b a h wa 8 5 » 7 0 % p a r a p e d a ­ g a n g k a k i l i ma i t u t i d a k s e t u j u j i k a d i s e d i a k a n l o k a s i y a n g b a r u . Al a s a n me r e k a y a i t u u n t u k me n d a p a t k a n p a r a l a n g - g a n a n b a r u l a g i me me r l u k a n wa k t u y a n g r e l a t i f l a ma , s e b a b ma s i h p e r l u p e n y e s u a i a n - p e n y e s u a i a n d i l o k a s i y a n g b a r u t e r s e b u t .

  Da l a m k e a d a a n t r a n s i s i t e r s e b u t ( y a i t u d a l a m t a h a p p e n y e s u a i a n d a l a m r a n g k a me n a r i k l a n g g a n a n b a r u ) , k e mu n g - k i n a n - k e mu n g k i n a n y a n g t e r j a d i y a i t u me n y e b a b k a n k e s u l i t - a n p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma d a l a m me mp e r o l e h n a f k a h , Se - h i n g g a k e p i n c a n g a n - k e p i n c a n g a n i n i a k a n me n j a l a r p u l a p a ­ d a k e h i d u p a n k e l u a r g a me r e k a . J Se d a n g k a n b a g i me r e k a y a n g s e t u j u i t u ( 1 4 * 3 0 %) r a e n g e mu k a k a n a l a s a n b a h wa me r e k a ma u d i t e mp a t k a n d i l o k a s i y a n g b a r u , n a mu n d e n g a n s y a r a t b a h ­ wa d i t e mp a t y a n g b a r u i t u h a r u s r a ma i s e h i n g g a me r e k a l e - b i h c e p n t u n t u k me n d a p a t k a n l a n g g a n a n b a r u l a g i ,

  J i k a e e a n d a i n y a me r e k a i t u t e r u s - t e r u e a n d i r a z i a d a n t i d a k d i s e d i a k a n l o k a s i y a n g b a r u ( y a n g b e b a e d a r i r a z i a ) ma k a h a l i n i b i s a me n g a k i b a t k a n r a s a t i d a k s e n a n g me r e k a k e p a d a p e t u g a s - p e t u g a s ( p e l a k s a n a - p e l a k s a n a ) h u k u m.

  1 5 Le b i h - l e b i h j i k a p e l a k s a n a h u k u m i t u h a n y a d i b e r i p e r i n - t a h u n t u k s e n a n t i a s a me n i n d a k s a j a , ma k a a k a n t i mb u l s u - a t u a s u ms i y a n g k e l i r u t e r h a d a p h u k u m ( d a l a m h a l i n i Pe r - d a ) , a e h i n g g a t i mb u l s u a t u s i k a p ma s a b o d o h t e r h a d a p h u ­ k u m.

  3. Da mp a k P o s l t i f d a r i Ad a n y a Ra z i a Ad a n y a p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma y a n g s e mr a mu t , me - n p e b a b k a n t e r g a n g g u n y a k e i n d a h a n k o t a , o l e h k a r e n a i t u e a l a h s a t u u p a y a u n t u k me l e s t a r i k a n k e i n d a h a n k o t a t e r ­ s e b u t y a i t u d e n g a n j a l a n me n e r t i b k a n p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma , d a n d a l a m h a l i n i me ma n g t e r c a n t u m d a l a m p a s a l 6

  ( g) P e r a t u r a n Da e r a h Ka b u p a t e n Da e r a h Ti n g k a t I I S i d o a r - No mo r 2 Ta h u n 1 9 7 6 .

  j o

  Na mu n d e mi k i a n h a r u s d i i n g a t p u l a a k a n t u j u a n d a n t u g a s h u k u m. Tu j u a n d a n t u g a e h u k u m me r u p a k a n d u a h a l y a n g Ba l i n g b e r k a i x a n . Tu j u a n d a r i h u k u m a d a l a h , u n t u k me n c a - p a i s u a t u k e a d a a n h i d u p y a n g da r na i . Ke a d a a n d a ma i a d a l a h me r u p a k a n k e a d a a n y a n g s e r a s i a n t a r a k e t e r t i b a n d e n g a n k e - t e n t e r a ma n , b a i k y a n g me n y a n g k u t k e p e n t i n g a n u mu m ma u p u n y a n g me n y a n g k u t k e p e n t i n g a n p r i b a d i . Ke t e r t i b a n i t u s e n - d i r i d i h a r a p k a n t e r c a p a i 3 i k a t u &a s h u k u m u n t u k me n c a p a i k e p a s t i a n h u k u m t e r c a p a i . P a d a k e n y a t a a n n y a , y a n g k i t a h a -

  ♦ d a p i s e k a r a n g me n u n j u k k a n b a h wa p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n me r u ­ p a k a n s a n d a r a n n e g a r a u n t u k me wu j u d k a n k e b i J a k s a n a a n n y a . P e n g g u n a a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n s e c a r a s a d a r o l e h p e me r i n - t a h s e b a g a i s a r a n a u n t u k me l a k u k a n t i n d a k a n s o s i a l y a n g t e r o r g a n i s a s i t e l a h me r u p a k a n c i r i k h a s n e g a r a mo d e r n . Da l a m t i n g k a t a n p e n g g u n a a n h u k u m s e c a r a s a d a r u n t u k me n - c a p a i t u j u a n - t u j u a n s o s i a l y a n g d i k e h e n d a k i s e p e r t i y a n g di a l a r a i o l e h n e g a r a mo d e r n s e k a r a n g i ni . ma k a p e r s o a l a n - n y a b e r g e s e r k e p a d a t e g a n g a n a n t a r a i d e k e p a s t i a n h u k u m d a n p e n g g u n a a n h u k u m u n t u k me l a k u k a n p e r u b a h a n - p e r u b a h a n . I d e k e p a s t i a n h u k u m me n g h e n d a k i a d a n y a s t a b i l i t a s d i d a - l a m ma s y a r a k a t s e d a n g k a n p e n g g u n a a n h u k u m s e c a r a i n s ­

  ,

  t r u me n t a l a d a l a h u n t u k me n c i p t a k a n p e r u b a h a n me l a l u i p e n g - a t u r a n t i n &k a h l a k u wa r g a ma s y a r a k a t me n u ^ u k e p a d a s a s a r -

  5 a n y a n g d i k e h e n d a k i .

  Ke mb a l i p a d a ma s a l a h r a z i a t e r h a d a p p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i r aa, ma k a j i k a k e t e r t i b a n b e n a r - b e n a r d i t e g a k k a n , t e n t u n y a a d a s a l a h s a t u p i h a k y a n g d i k o r b a n k a n y a i t u p a ­ r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma * Ka l a u p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t e r ­ s e b u t d i t i n d a k a t a u d i t e r t i b k a n , h a l i n i a k a n me n i mb u l k a n k e t i d a k t e n t e r a ma n d i k a l a n g a n p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma i t u.

  Un t u k i t u s e y o g i a n y a d i c i p t a k a n s u a t u k e s e i mb a n g n n a n t a r a k e t e r t i b a n d e n g a n k e t e n t e r a ma n , s e h i n g g a t i d a k t e r - d a p a t p e r a s a a n ma s a b o d o h d a r i p a r a p e d a g a n g k a k i l i ma t e r ­ h a d a p s u a t u p e r a t u r a n h u k u m.

  ^ S a t j i p t o Ra h a r d j o , Hu k u m Da n t t a B. ya r a ka t , An g k a s a , Ba n d u n g , 1 9 B0 , h . 1 1 3 .

  ‘ BAB I I I PANDAKGAK TEORI TI S P EMECAHAN MA3 ALAU

  1. P e mi k i r a n d a n Te o r i Ke t a a t a n d a n Ke p a t u h a n Hu k u m Hu k u m b u k a n me r u p a k a n s u a t u k a r y a s e n i y a n g a d a n y a h a n y a u n t u k d i n i k ma t i o l e h o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g r a e n g a ma t i n y a

  Ba j a , d a n b u k a n me r u p a k a n h a s i l k e b u d a y a a n y a n g a d a n y a u n t u k me n j a d i b a h a n p e n g k a j i a n s e c a r a l o g i s r a s i o n a l . Na - mu n h u k u m i t u d i c i p t a k a n u n t u k d i j a l a n k a n , h u k u m y a n g t i ­ d a k p e r n a h d i j a l a n k a n p a d a h a k e k a t n y a t e l a h b e r h e n t i me n - j a d i h u k u m. ^

  Da l a m k e n y a t a a n n y a , p e l a k s a n a a n a t a u p e n e r a p a n h u k u m i t u t i d a k s e mu d a h s e p e r t i a p a y a n g d i b a y a n g k a n , t e t a p i b a - n y a k p u l a r i n t a n g a n - r i n t a n g a n n y a . Ri n t a n g a n - r i n t a n g a n i t u d i a n t a r a n y a , mi s a l n y a s a j a , a d a s e b a g i a n ma e y a r a k a t ( y a n g d i a t u r o l e h h u k u m) y a n g t i d a k me n t a a t i h u k u m. Da l a m h a l d e mi k i a n i n i t i mb u l s u a t u ma s a l a h me n g a p a a d a y a n g t i d a k me ma t u h i a t a u me n t a a t i h u k u m?

  Xa l a u k i t a t e l a a h , ma k a c i r i y a n g u mu m d a r i h u k u m i t u i a l a h me r u p a k a n s u a t u s i s t e m a t u r a n me n g e n a i t i n g k a h l a k u ma n u s i a , a t u r a n h u k u m me n e t a p k a n p a t o k a n ~ p a t o k a n , b a i k b e r u p a l a r a n g a n ma u p u n Bu r u h a n - a u r u h a n d e n g a n t u j u a n

  S a t j i p t o Ra h a r d j o , Hu k u m p a n Ma s y a r a k a t , An g k e s a . Ba n d u n g , 1 9 8 0 ( s e l a n j u t n y a d i s i n g k a t S a t j i p t o f i a h a r d j o I ) , h . 69-

  17

  1 8 a g a r t e r c a p a i s u a t u t e r t i b h u b u n g a n d i d a l a m ma s y a r a k a t . Me n u r u t S a t j i p t o Ra h a r d j o , a p a b i l a k i t a i n g i n me m- p e r s o a l k a n r a a s a l a h k e t a a t a n wa r g a n e g a r a t e r h a d a p h u k u m, ma k a y a n g d a p a t k i t a k a t a k a n b a h wa : t i n d a k a n y a n g a k a n d i ­ l a k u k a n o l e h wa r g a n e g a r a s e b a g a i r e s p o n n y a t e r h a d a p p e r - a t t i r a n - p e r a t u r a n h u k u m a k a n t e r g a n t u n g d a r i i s i n o r ma h u ­ k u m i t u s e n d i r i , s a n k s i - s a n k s i n y a , a k t i v i t a e p a r a p e l a k s a - n a h u k u m s e r t a s e mu a Xa k t o r - f a k t o r e s k t r a y u r i d i s y a n g b e - k e r j a a t a s d i r i n y a . '

  Ka l a u me n u r u t S o e r j o n o S o e k a n t o , s e b a b - s e b a b wa r g a ma s y a r a k a t i t u me n t a a t i a t a u me ma t u h i h u k u m a d a l a h : 1. t a k u t t e r k e n a s a n k s i n e g a t i f , a p a b i l a h u k u m d i l a n g - g a r ; 2* u n t u k me n j a g a h u b u n g a n b a i k d e n g a n p e n g u a s a ; 3. u n t u k r a e nj a ga h u b u n g a n b a i k d e n g a n r e k a n - r e k a n s e s a - ma n y a ; 4. k a r e n a h u k u m t e r s e b u t s e s u a i d e n g a n n i l a i - n i 3 a i y a n g d i a n u t ;

  8 5. k e p e n t i n g a n n y a t e r j a mi n . Na mu n d e mi k i a n , ma s a l a h p e n t a a t a n wa r g a ma s y a r a k a t t e r h a d a p h u k u m i t u s e s u n g g u h n y a m< r u p a k a n s u a t u p r o b l e ma y a n g k o mp l e k s . Di n e g a r a - n e g a r a y a n g s e d a n g b e r k e mb a n g

  ( s a l a h s a t u n y a t e r ma s u k I n d o n e s i a ) , s e b a g a i ma n a y a n g d i k e ­ mu k a k a n o l e h S a t j i p t o Ra h a r d j o b a h wa ma s i h t e r d a p a t k e k e n -

  7 ' Sa t j i p t o Ra h a r d j o , P e ma n f a a t a n l l r c u~l l mu , So s i a l

  Ba &l P e n g e mb a n g a n I l mu Hu k u m , ~ Ba n d u n g , l 977~( s e l a n; j u' f c nya Sa ^ j l p t o Ra f i a r d j o l l ) , h« 1 6 9 .

  d Ts i n g k a x

  o S o e r j o n o S o e k a n t o , S u a t u Ti n j a u a n S o s l o l o g i Hu k u m

  Te r h a d a p Ma s a l a h - ma s a l a h S o s i a l , Al u mn i ~ , ~ Ba n d u n g 7 ^ o p e m- b e r - 1 9 6 T ( s e l a n j u t n y a Td i s i n g k a T S o e r j o n o S o e k a n t o I ) , h . 1 8 6 *