Motherly love as portrayed in the character Nina Frost in Jody Pilcoult`s Perfect Match.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
MOTHERLY LOVE AS PORTRAYED IN THE CHARACTER
NINA FROST IN JODY PILCOULT’S PERFECT MATCH
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Maria Editha Miranda
Student Number: 061214008
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
MOTHERLY LOVE AS PORTRAYED IN THE CHARACTER
NINA FROST IN JODY PILCOULT’S PERFECT MATCH
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Maria Editha Miranda
Student Number: 061214008
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
1
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
This Thesis is gratefully dedicated to:
My Greatest of all, Jesus Christ
My beloved parents and aunt
My beloved friends 3G
And all people whom I love and know
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STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work
or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations
and the references, as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, December 12th, 2011
The Writer
Maria Editha Miranda
061214008
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama
Nomor Mahasiswa
: Maria Editha Miranda
: 061214008
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
MOTHERLY LOVE AS PORTRAYED IN THE CHARACTER
NINA FROST IN JODY PILCOULT’S PERFECT MATCH
Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata
Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain,
mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikannya secara terbatas,
memplubikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis
tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta,
Pada tanggal: January 9th , 2012
Yang menyatakan,
Maria Editha Miranda
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ABSTRACT
Miranda, Maria Editha. 2011. Motherly Love as Portrayed in the Character Nina
Frost in Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match. Yogyakarta: English Language Education
Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers
Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
There are so many kinds of love in this world. It can be love from parents
to their children or love from man for woman or vise versa. Jodi Picoult’s Perfect
Match tells Nina, the major character who tries to show her motherly love to her
son. This study discusses motherly love of a mother whose son has been sexually
abused by someone.
There are two problems formulated. The first one concerns the description
of Nina’s personal description. Then, the second one concerns how Nina
expresses her motherly love to her son. This study was conducted by applying
library research. There are two sources used to obtain the data. The first one is
primary source, which is Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match. The secondary sources are
from library books which consist of psychological and literary books. The literary
theories are needed to answer the first problem which deals with the character and
characterization of Nina. Love, motherly love, and motivation theories are
employed to answer the second problem. Some articles from the internet are also
used as additional information to support the related issues.
Based on the analysis, Nina Frost, the main character, is described as a
responsible, attractive, caring, loving person. However, when she knows that
someone hurts her son, she becomes a cruel person. She shoots the defendant in
the courtroom because she thinks that is the only way to protect her son. Her traits
can be seen from her speech, action, and manner. Further analysis shows the ways
Nina expresses her motherly love to her son. As a mother, she will always take
care of her son, Nathaniel. Nina also has argued with her husband because her
husband thinks that she is too busy with her job. Nina shoots the abuser’s head in
the courtroom because she thinks that is the only way to protect her son from the
abuser. Nina is still looking for the real abuser when she knows that she shoots the
wrong person because she does not want the real abuser abuse others children.
Nina also expresses her motherly love by leaving her job and becomes a
housewife
Finally, this study provides suggestions for the future researcher of the
same novel to analyze Caleb as Nina’s husband. The other suggestion is for the
implementation of teaching Interactional Speech 1.
Keywords: Perfect Match, Motherly love.
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ABSTRAK
Miranda, Maria Editha. 2011. Motherly Love as Portrayed in the Character Nina
Frost in Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Ada banyak macam cinta di seluruh dunia. Cinta dapat berasal dari cinta
orang tua kepada anak-anaknya ato cinta anatara seorang laki-laki kepada
wanitanya dan sebaliknya. Sebuah novel Perfect Match karangan Jodi Picoult
menceritakan tentang salah satu tokoh utama yang berusaha menunjukan cinta
seorang ibu kepada anaknya. Skripsi ini membahas tentang cinta seorang ibu
kepada anak laki-lakinya yang telah dianiaya oleh seseorang.
Ada dua masalah yang dirumuskan untuk membuat analisa dari skripsi ini
menjadi lebih jelas. Masalah pertama membahas karakteristik pribadi Nina.
Kemudian, masalah kedua membahas cara-cara Nina menunjukkan cinta seorang
ibu kepada anaknya. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengadakan skripsi ini adalah
metode studi pustaka. Ada dua sumber yang digunakan untuk melengkapi datadata skripsi ini. Sumber utama adalah novel Perfect Match sendiri yang
merupakan karangan dari Jodi Picoult. Sumber yang kedua diperoleh dari bukubuku psikologi dan kesusastraan. Buku-buku kesusastraan digunakan untuk
menjawab pertanyaan pertama yang berhubungan dengan karakter dan
pentokohan dari Nina. Buku-buku psikologi yang berkaitan dengan beberapa teori
cinta, cinta ibu dan motivasi digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan kedua.
Beberapa artikel dari internet juga digunakan sebagai tambahan informasi untuk
mendukung isu-isu yang ada.
Berdasarkan analisa, Nina Frost, sebagaimana dia dipanggil,
dideskripsikan sebagai orang yang bertanggung jawab, menarik, peduli,
penyayang. Tetapi ketika Nina tahu bahwa seseorang telah menyakiti anaknya, ia
menjadi orang yang kejam. Dia menembak tersangka di pengadilan karena dia
piker, hanya itu satu-satunya cara untuk melindungi anaknya. Karakter Nina dapat
dilihat dari ucapan, reaksi, dan tingkah laku. Sebagai seorang ibu, Nina selalu
merawat anaknya, Nathaniel. Nina juga berdebat dengan suaminya karena
suaminya berfikir kalau Nina terlalu sibuk dengan pekerjaannya. Nina menembak
kepala tersangka di ruang sidang karena dia berfikir hanya dengan cara itulah dia
bisa melindungi anaknya. Nina tetap mencari pelaku penganiayaan ketika dia tahu
telah membunuh orang yang salah karena dia tidak ingin pelaku sebenarnya
menganiaya anak-anak lainnya. Nina juga mengekpresikan cintanya pada anaknya
dengan meninggalkan pekerjaannya dan menjadi seorang ibu rumah tangga.
Pada akhirnya, skripsi ini menyajikan beberapa saran untuk para peneliti
selanjutnya agar menganalisis karakter suami Nina, Caleb. Saran juga ditujukan
untuk pelaksaan Interactional Speech 1.
Kata Kunci : Perfect Match, Motherly love
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Him, my
beloved Jesus Christ. I am very grateful for His guidance until now, so I can
finish my thesis. He accompanies me through good and bad time. I also thank him
for His guidance as long as I live until now. I believe He encourages me a lot.
I would like to give my next gratitude to Drs. L. Bambang Hendarto Y.,
M.Hum, who has spared his time to guide me patiently during this thesis writing
process. I am very grateful to have him as my thesis advisor because he is very
kind, humble and patient to me. I would like to thank him because he always has
time for me to revise my thesis until I can finish it in time.
I would also like to thank all PBI lecturers for sharing their knowledge.
When I studied in PBI, they really helped me if I had difficulties. They really
shared their knowledge so I could get a lot of knowledge here. I would like to
thank to secretariat staffs for the help, hospitality and kindness.
My deepest gratitude goes to my parents, Eddy Budi Santoso, Endang
Setiowati, and all my relatives who always support me to do my thesis. I thank
them for giving me long-lasting love and care of me throughout my life.
My special thanks turn to Agatha Wikan Adhisti and Maria Heni
Krisnasari who always remind and support me all the time to finish my thesis as
soon as possible. They usually give me a call and say “ Don’t forget to finish your
thesis and never give up.” It makes me remember that they really care for me.
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Without them, I feel nothing. I thank them for the greatest friendship we have ever
had.
My next gratitude goes to my beloved friends Ms. Siska, Diyan, Jalu, Rani ,
Nia, Prisca, Epha, Phinah, Mb. Sari and Exna for sharing remarkable moments
and experiences. I am grateful to have them in my life.
I would like to thank all my boardinghouse friends for a long lasting
relationship. I have learned so many things from them. I thank them for the
sharing and new experiences. I would like to thank to Anessa Efradita who
always supports me and is always by my side through good and bad times. She is
my best friend ever. Next, my thanks go to Ria, Diyan and Susan for sharing the
same struggle in completing this thesis.
I would like to thank all Purikids teachers. They gave me so many
experiences to handle children. My thanks go to my children in Purikids because
with their jokes and their cutes makes I feel better in doing my thesis.
At last, I would like to thank everybody who makes my day so colorful
and for the greatest experiences I have ever had in my life. God bless them all.
Maria Editha Miranda
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ..................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL PAGES ......................................................................................
ii
DEDICATION PAGE……………………………………………………….
iv
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...............................................
v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI........................ ........................
vi
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................
xi v
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION ............................................................
1
A. Background of the Study .............................................
1
B. Problem Formulation ..................................................
4
C. Objectives of the Study................................................
4
D. Benefits of the Study ...................................................
5
E. Definition of Terms .....................................................
6
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .....................
8
A. Theoretical Review ......................................................
8
1. Critical Approach ....................................................
8
2. Character .................................................................
9
3. Characterization ......................................................
10
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4. Motivation ...............................................................
12
5. Love ........................................................................
14
B. Theoretical Framework................................................
18
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ...........................................................
19
A. Object of the Study ......................................................
19
B. Approach of the Study .................................................
20
C. Method of the Study ....................................................
20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ........................................................................
22
A. The Description of Nina’s Character ...........................
22
1. Responsible ..............................................................
23
2.Attractive ..................................................................
25
3. Caring.......................................................... ............
26
4. Loving.................................................................. ....
28
5. Cruel................................................................. .......
29
B. Nina Frost’s Ways of Expressing Her Motherly Love
CHAPTER V
to Her Son ....................................................................
30
1. By Taking Care of Her Son .....................................
31
2. By Arguing with Her Husband Caleb......................
36
3. By Shooting the Defendant .....................................
37
4. By Looking for the Real Abuser .............................
42
5. By Leaving Her Job .................................................
43
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................
45
A. Conclusions .................................................................
45
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B. Suggestions ..................................................................
46
1. Suggestion for Future Researchers .........................
46
2. Suggestion
f or
the
Implementation
of
the
Teaching Learning Process .....................................
47
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................
48
APPENDICES ...............................................................................................
50
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Cover of Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match ...... …………………
50
APPENDIX 2 Summary of Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match …………………
51
APPENDIX 3 Biography of Jodi Picoult…………………………………..
53
APPENDIX 4 Some of Jodi Picoult’s Novel ………………………………
55
APPENDIX 5 Lesson Plan and Materials………………………….……….
56
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of five parts. First is background of the study which
presents the reason for choosing the topic. Second is problem formulation. This
part presents two problems which guide the analysis of the novel. Third concerns
objectives of the study. This part presents the objectives of the novel Perfect
Match. Fourth is present benefits of the study. This part describes the benefits that
the writer, parents, and friends will get after they read this novel. The last one is
the definition of the term. This part states the definitions of terms which are
related to the topic to avoid misunderstanding.
A. Background of the Study
Skolnick (1983) says that a family is a group of adults that live together,
cooperate to upbringing their children, and share everything with their members.
There are two kinds of families. The first one is extended family that consists of
three generations of married brothers or sisters. The second one is nuclear family
composing of a father, a mother, and children (p. 26).
In a nuclear family, each member has to obey the rules of the house. A
family should have their own rules to develop their own foundation at home. The
rules, especially for parents, are very important to bring up their children. A father
and a mother should work together to make rules for their children. Mother’s role
is very important in a family because a child is born from a mother. Before being
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2
born, a child lives in his mother womb for nine months. Automatically, a child
and a mother have a special relationship. Therefore, a child is commonly closer to
his or her mother than to his or her father. When a child is born, a mother will
nurse her child instinctively and take care of her child carefully. This shows that a
mother loves her child very much.
According to Fromm (1956) motherly love is unconditional love to her
child in order to protect her child in every situation. Unconditional love is love
that given by a mother to her son or daughter without any condition. Motherly
love can be portrayed in a work of literature like the novel. An author can use a
novel to portray real life experiences such as those of motherly love (pp. 63-67).
Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match is one of the novels which tell about motherly
love. This novel talks about a mother whose child (Nathaniel) has been abused by
someone. Nina Frost the mother, works as an attorney. Nina is well known as an
attorney who has handled many mistreatment cases. At home, Nina is a lovable
woman. She loves her son much until she realizes that her child has a strange
behavior.
One day, something wrong happens to her son, Nathaniel. Nathaniel does
not want to speak to anyone. As a mother, Nina wants her son tell her what has
happened to him, but awkwardly her son becomes silent and cannot talk. Nina
feels that there must be something wrong happening to her child. On her
confusion, Nina decides to take Nathaniel to a therapist. However, it does not
work much because her son still cannot talk with her or anyone else. It seems that
Nathaniel has something in his throat that cannot make him talk. Therefore, Nina
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
3
takes Nathaniel to a therapist. Nathaniel starts to learn sign symbol since he does
not want to talk. It makes him express what he is going to tell about even though it
is just one word. Slowly but sure, Nathaniel begins to tell his mother who has
abused him.
The first suspicion goes to Nathaniel’s father, Caleb, and then to Father
Glen who lives in the church near Nina’s house. When Nathaniel can make a
symbol, he says “Father” symbol. Nina concludes that Caleb behind her child
case. Furthermore, Nina has consultation with Nathaniel’s doctor. The doctor
explains about Caleb situation and the doctor says that Caleb is not the defendant
that deserves to be suspected. Nina realizes that Nathaniel ever comes home with
underwear that does not belong to him. Nina phones Patrick to investigate father
Glen’s house. Patrick is a police officer and Nina’s best friend. They have been
friends for a long time ago When Patrick investigates the house behind the church,
he finds Nathaniel’s underwear in a box, which is full of other clothes. After that,
Patrick comes to Nina and reports the investigation result to her. after Nina
investigates Father Glen and she concludes that father Glen has the connection to
this case.
Two months later, Nathaniel’s case has been opened to public and Father
Glen is asked to be a defendant in the court. When Father Glen comes to enter the
court, Nina feels that she should kill Father Glen because she thinks that this is the
only way to protect her son from a man like Father Glen. Nina shoots Father Glen
four times on the head and he directly dies there.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
4
After that case, someone who works in laboratory says that the abuser is
not Father Glen but Father Glen’s stepbrother. His name is Father Gywne. But
several years ago Father Glen is sick that makes him have bone marrow
transplantation. The transplantation makes Father Glen have two DNA in his
body. It makes Nina believes that Father Glen is the one who abuses his son.
Because of killing Father Glen, Nina becomes a defendant. When the trial is being
held, Patrick says to Nina that the abuser is not Father Glen because it is proved
by the DNA report that the real abuser is not Father Glen. Nina is really shocked
and feels very guilty.
In the court, the judge decides that Nina is punished for twenty years in the
Maine State Prison with credit for the time she has already served. The remainder
of the twenty years will be suspended and she is in the probobation for that time.
Nina decides that she will be better at home and watch his child grow older. Nina
is no longer a district attorney and chooses to be a housewife.
The reason why this novel is interesting is that abuses actually can happen
to anyone anytime and anywhere and even by someone around us. The researcher
also thinks that parents will do everything for their children to make them happy
and have a better life. Hopefully by reading the novel, the readers are able to
recognize the symptoms of abusive and learn how to manage when it is happened
to his or her child.
B. Problem Formulation
1. How is Nina Frost in Perfect Match described?
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
5
2. How does Nina Frost express her motherly love to her child in Perfect
Match?
C. Objectives of the study
The objectives of the study are the goals of this study related to the
problem formulation. The writer tries to answer the questions that are stated in the
problem formulation. There are two objectives to achieve this study. The first is to
find out Nina’s character in Perfect Match novel. The second is to find out how
Nina expresses her motherly love to her child in Perfect match.
D. Benefits of the study
There are some benefits from this thesis that can be gained. First is for the
researcher. From this study, the researcher can find the meaning of love,
especially a love between a mother and a son or a daughter. The researcher can
learn how to face the problems like Nina does.
Second is for the readers in general. By reading this novel, hopefully the
readers know the meaning of love, especially motherly love and know how to face
the problems like Nina. The readers can also recognize the symptoms that may
appear when his or her son or daughter has been abused.
Third is for the next researcher who plan on conducting Jodi Picoult’s
Perfect Match novel. It is really suggested that the next researcher can discuss
about fatherly love of Perfect Match novel. It hopefully can help as a basic
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
6
references to write a thesis on literature concerning in love especially fatherly
love.
E. Definition of Term
In analyzing this novel, some terms need to be clarified in order to provide
an analysis and forestall from misunderstanding. Those are:
1. Character
According to Abrams (1981), character is a type of a person. Character,
which is presented in the novel is endowed with moral, dispositional, and
emotional qualities that are expressed through what the author says. The
foundation of character’s temperaments, desires, and moral that are appeared in
the novel are described through their speech and action which is called as
motivation (p. 24).
Stanton (1965), says that a character is an individual person who appears
in the story and it refers to the mixture of interests, desires, emotion, and moral
principles which makes one character different from other character (p. 17).
2. Family
Scolnick (1983) states that family is a married couple or other group of
adult who cooperate economically and in the upbringing of children, and all or
most of who share a common dwelling. There are two kinds of family. The first
one is nuclear family, which consists of a mother, a father, and children. The
second one is extended family that consists of grandparents, aunts, uncles that live
in the house. Father is the central of the family. He is the head of the family. He
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
7
will control anything at house. Mother is father’s partner in a family. Mother will
also control family members’ behavior at home (p. 26).
3. Motherly love
Winnicott (1957) says that being a mother is not easy. However, motherly
love is a special condition where a mother dedicates her life to her children. A
mother will know when her baby needs feeding, when the baby needs to change
clothes when it is cold, or even to cuddle when a baby starts to cry. Being a
mother can come naturally. That is why a baby is closer to his or her mother
spontaneously. A baby feels comfortable when it is closer to his or her mother. A
baby feels sure that his or her mother protects and loves him or her. So, motherly
love is unconditionally love between a mother and her child in order to protect her
child in every situation (pp. 1-16)
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into two parts. First part is theoretical review.
There are five parts in this theoretical review. They are critical approach,
character, characterization, motivation, and love. Second part is theoretical
framework which states the reason of using the related theories in analyzing
novel.
A. Theoretical Review
This part presents the theories of critical approach, character,
characterization, motivation, and love. It is important to understand those
elements since this study will analyze motherly love of Nina Frost as a mother.
1. Critical Approach
A critical approach to literature requires an understanding of a nature,
function, and positive values. Literature is something which relates to how to read
and judge it. As one of the arts, literature is said to have esthetic values; the
response to literature as an art form is called the esthetic response and the
response is to its beauty.
According to Rohrberger and Woods Jr (1971, pp. 1-15), there are five
kinds of critical approaches: the formalist approach, the biographical approach,
the socio cultural-historical approach, the mythopeic approach, and the
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
9
psychological approach. First approach is formalist approach that examines the
literary piece without reference to facts of the author’s life, the genre of the
literary or its place in the development of the genre or in literacy history, and its
social environment. Second is biographical approach. This approach uses the
author’s biography, personality and author understanding of the literary object to
appreciate their works. Third is socio cultural-historical approach. This approach
talks about culture as the behavior and action in a specific group of people and
shows that literature also includes in the subject matter. Fourth is mythopeic
approach. This approach talks about the patterns of human’s thought which is
believed to give people importants meaning in literary works. Fifth is
psychological approach. This approach deals with psychology of someone to
understand the literary works. By focusing on motherly love, which is showed by
Nina as a mother, this study uses the psychological approach.
2. Character
a. Definition of Character
Character is one important element in the novel because without any
character a novel cannot be read. According to Abrams (1981), character is a
person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who is interpreted by the readers
as being blessed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are
expressed through what the author say. The grounds in the characters’
temperament, desires, and moral which appear inside the novel as their speech and
action are called motivation (pp. 23-25).
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
10
b. Types of Character
There are a billion human lives in this earth. One person has a different
character with others. Henkle says that there are two kinds of characters. Those
are major and minor character. A major character is a character that has a
dominant role in the novel and he or she often appears in all scenes or parts.
Minor character is a character that has minor role in the novel and rarely appears
in all scenes (1977, pp. 86-88).
According to Abrams (1981), there are two kinds of characters namely flat
and round character. A flat character is the character that is built on a single idea
or quality. Therefore, he or she is presented in outline and without much
individualizing detail, only in a short sentence or phrase. A round character is also
called a dynamic character which is complex in temperament and motivation. The
author describes the character like a human being in real life who can act
unpredictably. The characters may surprise the readers because of the actions. It
makes the novel be interesting (p. 24).
3. Characterization
a. Definition of Characterization
Characterization is the central of the fictional experience. Through
characters in the novel, the author tries to make readers understand and experience
every event in the novel. Henkle (1977) states that there are some factors in the
characterization such as the complexity of the characterization, the attention given
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
11
certain figures and the personal intensity that a character seems to transmit (pp.
86-88).
The creation of the imaginary person that will exist and become real for
the reader is called characterization (Holman & Harmon, 1986, p. 81).
Characterization in a novel is very important because without it the novel cannot
be read. An author has an important role to make the characters inside novel
become life and real.
b. Ways of Characterization
In order to make the character be more understandable and more alive for
readers, an author takes a few ways of it (Murphy, 1972, pp. 161-171). A
character can be understood by:
1) Personal Description
It explains the physical appearance from the character such as hair, skin,
eyes, height, and etc.
2) Character as seen by another
It explains a character which is explained by another character. It can be
from other characters’ opinion or personal appearance such as hair, skin, eyes, and
height.
3) Speech
The character can also be known through the conversation between
characters inside the novel. So, the reader can know deeper about the characters
by understanding speeches which are produced.
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4) Past Life
The experience of the characters can be an important point to describe
characters. By giving information about character’s past life, the author can also
describes characters.
5) Conversation of others
Novel is like in a real world in which people like to talk about other
people; It is like gossiping. In the novel, one character can be described by other
characters through a conversation with others.
6) Reactions
The author can also give readers a clue to a person’s character by letting
readers know how that person reacts to various situations and events.
7) Direct Comment
The author can give comment or describe the character directly.
8) Thought
The author describes the character’s thought in order to point out the
characterization.
9) Mannerisms
The author can describe the habit of the character.
4.
L ove
Love has a great influence on human’s life. People would say that without
love they cannot survive or without love there is no reason we live in this earth.
There are many kinds of love such as love for family, love between a man and a
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woman, and love to this universe. A man will do everything to show his love to a
woman he likes. Love is not a natural kind or a substance of an abstract kind.
Everyday a person loves and is loved but he or she can still proves what love is. A
person can feel that someone love her or not from the way she or he does
something. If a person loves someone, it will be shown by his or her attitude and
behavior (Nuyens, 2010, pp. 1-3)
According to Fromm (1956), love is an art which should be understood
and defended, but people nowadays tend to watch, hear, and do anything with
love. Someone will do anything to be loved. A man will be a rich man, be a
success man, and have an authority to attract woman meanwhile a woman will
have body treatment and good looking to attract man (pp. 1-4).
James (2010, p. 2) says that love is mysterious, magical, complex,
difficult, and inspirational. Love is universal experience and everyone will have
different love and different way to love someone. Love is a connection between
two people who trust each other and share anything that they want together.
There are two types of love. The first one is passionate love which is very
intense, sensual, and all-consuming. The second one is compassionate love, which
includes friendship, liking someone, mutual trusting, and wanting to be with them.
One of the examples of this love is love between mother and her child which is
called motherly love ( Kasschau as cited in Hatfield, 1995, p. 341-343).
a. Motherly Love
Love of a mother is everlasting. There is no one who can replace mother’s
love. Fromm (1956), states that motherly love is unconditional mother’s love to
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her child in order to protect her child in every situation. Unconditional love
corresponds to one of the deepest longings, not only of the child, but also to every
human being. Mother’s love is bliss, peace, needs not be acquired and deserved.
However, there is a negative side of to the unconditional quality of mother’s love.
Not only does it not need to be deserved, but also cannot be aquired, produced,
and controlled. It comes naturally from a mother
The relationship of mother and child is not all the same. Sometimes one
needs all the helps and the other gives it. Moreover, motherly love is a feeling of
love which does not demand a return. A mother will sacrifice everything to make
her child happy and live well. In an ideal case, mother’s love does not try to
prevent her child from growing up, and does not try to put a benefit on
helplessness. A mother should have faith in life. A mother should believe that she
is convinced to be a mother. Part of her life should be the wish that the child
become independent and eventually separate from her (pp. 63-89).
Motherly love is the connection between a mother and her child when he
or she is born. They have a special relation that weaves by himself or herself. The
mother’s attitude toward a child is very important for their growth. It cannot be
replaced by everything; no material goods can replace the love of a mother (Kok,
1955, pp. 1-2).
Freud and Fogel (1984, pp. 13-14) view that a mother is seen as the
primary agent in the infant’s continuing development. The infant becomes
attached to the person who feeds him because, at first, a mother associates the
powerful urges of hunger satisfaction with the person providing the food. If the
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feeding is done by many different people, the infant will never develop a sense of
attachment and will never learn to love. A motherly love between a mother and a
child is built from this thing. The power of belonging comes from this moment.
There are some characteristics or ways of a mother to show her love
(Noller & Fitzpatrick, 1993, pp. 198-202). First is baby talk. This part says that
baby talk begins when a mother is pregnant and her infant is on six-month age.
She will tend to talk to her infant. Commonly, a mother will talk to her infant
about four situations including attracting attention, showing approval, expressing
prohibition, and expressing comfort. These ways make a mother get closer to her
child. Through baby talk, an infant and a mother will have special connection.
When a mother is pregnant, it is very important for her to have positive feelings
because the child’s positive involvement and expressions of happiness are related
to the mother’s positive feelings.
Second is a mother’s own attachment style. It says that every mother has
their own rule in their family. This part is divided into secure mother, anxiousambivalent mother, and avoidant mother. A secure mother tends to be supportive
and helpful in interactions with her children and behave in ways that promote
learning. An anxious-ambivalent mother tends to be controlling but confusing,
and her children tend to be less affectionate and more negative, less compliant and
persistent. An avoidant mother tends to be more anxious and lack of attention.
Third is democratic mother. This type of mother is more likely to use
suggestions and positive incentives than other mothers and less likely to use direct
commands, physical enforcements, and prohibitive interventions.
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Last concerns supporting messages. This part says that supporting
messages are those that make a child feel comfortable and cared for the presence
of the parent especially a mother. Support messages include such as behaviors as
praising, approving, encouraging, displaying affection, helping, and cooperating
with a child.
b. Fatherly Love
Besides a mother who really loves his or her child, a father will also have
an everlasting love to his or her child. Fatherly love here is little bit different from
motherly love. If a mother has a special connection with her baby from the inside
or in spiritual way, a father here will have it from the outside connection. For
example, when a mother is pregnant, father’s job is to make a mother feel happy
and have positive feeling in her mind because it influences the infant. A father has
to give a mother moral support, to be the backing for her authority, to be the one
who stands for the law and the last is, a father is needed by the child because of
his positive qualities and the things that distinguish them from other men
(Winicott, 1957, pp. 81-83).
Further more Fromm (1956) states that fatherly love is conditional love.
Conditional love of a father means that the child can fulfill father’s expectations
because the child does his or her duty and he or she looks like his or her father. In
fatherly love, there are two aspects, the positive and negative ones. The negative
aspect is the very fact that fatherly love has to be deserved that it can be lost if one
does not do what is expected. The positive aspect is equally important. Since
fatherly love is conditioned, a child can do something to acquire it, the child can
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work of it; his love is not outside of the child’s control as motherly love is (pp. 9093)
B. Theoretical Framework
In this study, the researcher uses the psychological approach. The
psychological approach is necessary for analyzing and answering the problems
formulated because it deals with someone’s psychological condition. The
researcher chooses motherly love of Nina frost in Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match
because the researcher will discuss the major character in the novel and the family
relation that is the relationship between a mother and a son.
The researcher uses the theory of character by Abrams and Henkle and the
theory of characterization by Huitt, Aiken, and Petri. Those theories are used to
find out the characteristics of Nina Frost. Other theories are love, motherly love,
and fatherly love as the comparison in it. Those theories are used to analyze the
characteristics of Nina Frost and how Nina Frost expresses her love to her son.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
There are four points discussed in this chapter. First is object of the study
that states the work discussed. Second is approach of the study used in analyzing
the novel. Third is the method of the study that contains the procedure of the
study.
A. Object of the Study
The object of study is Jody Picoult’s novel entitled Perfect Match. It was
originally published in 2002 by Atria, a division of Simon and Schuster, Inc. The
novel consists of 388 pages within 9 chapters.
In a nutshell, this novel tells a story about the life of Nina Frost, a district
attorney. Nina Frost is a mother of Nathaniel who is abused by a man. The story
starts when Nina knows that something wrong has happened to Nathaniel. She
feels depressed knowing that a priest has abused his child. As a mother, Nina feels
that she should protect his child from a cruel treatment and wants to have justice
in the court. She loves her child very much and tries to protect her son from
anything. When the trial has been opened in public, she shoots the priest four
times on the head because she thinks that the only way to protect her child is by
killing the priest. As a district attorney, she knows that she is going to the jail
because of killing someone. However, this is the only way of protecting her son
from an abuser like Father Glen. It shows that Nina really loves her son.
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B. Approach of the Study
According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971), there are five kinds of critical
approaches those are the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the socio
cultural-historical approach, the mythopeic approach, and the psychological
approach (pp. 1-15).
In this study, the researcher used the psychological approach because it is
necessary to analyze and answer the research questions as stated in the problem
formulation. The psychological approach is an approach that deals with
psychology of someone to understand the literary works. This approach uses
theories of psychology to explain man’s or woman’s capacity for creation and the
complexity of his or her thought, motivation and behavior. By using the
psychological approach, the study of motherly love can be analyzed through the
character’s personalities, thought, and behavior.
C. Method of the Study
In this study, the researcher used library research method. This method
requires one to read book as the data and source and then apply some parts of
them, which appropriate for the analysis.
There were some steps which were applied in order to analyze the novel.
The first step was reading the novel to help the researcher understand the plot or
the story of the novel and the subject that was discussed in this thesis. The second
step was selecting the most interesting topic which was taken from the novel that
was going to be discussed.
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The third step was collecting the information from references such as
books on literary works and other sources from internet. These references were
used to find some important points such as, the relation between the topic and the
literary works, the elements of the novel, and the biography of the author.
The last step was analyzing the novel to answer the research questions
stated in problem formulation.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part describes Nina Frost’s
characterstics. The second part discusses how Nina expresses her motherly love to
her child in Perfect Match.
A. The Description of Nina Frost.
A character is a person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who is
interpreted by the readers as being blessed with moral, dispositional, and
emotional qualities that are expressed through what the author say (Abrams, 1981,
pp. 23-25). One of the characters in Jody Picoult’s Perfect Match is Nina Frost.
She acts similarly as a person especially as a mother in a real life.
The main characters play important role in a novel. Their actions really
represent the story. Characters are classified into major and secondary characters.
Based on Henkle (1977), Nina Frost is the major character in Perfect Match novel
because she has a dominant role in the novel and often appears in all scenes or
parts. Furthermore, characters are also categorized into flat and round characters
(pp. 86-88). Based on Abrams’ theory (1981), Nina Frost is a round or dynamic
character because her characters are complex in temperament and motivation (p.
24).
Murphy (1972, pp. 161-171) says that reader can understand characters in
the novels through nine ways. Some of them will be employed to find out Nina’s
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22
characteristics. To analyze Nina Frost’s characters, these ways are really needed
to understand deeply her character.
Nina Frost is described like human beings in a real life who can act
unpredictably. Nina works in Maine as a district attorney who handles most of
abusive or molestation case in her country. As a district attorney, Nina always
wears pantyhouse and tailored suits and her hair is short-bob hairstyle (p. 28; ch
1). Nina is responsible, attractive, caring, loving, cruel person.
1. Responsible
As a mother, Nina has a responsibility to take care of her child. Every
morning, she has a routine activity before she goes to work. Nina wakes up, takes
bath, prepares Nathaniel’s breakfast, and takes Nathaniel to the school.
Nathaniel’s school is in nursery school. Nina wakes Nathaniel up one hour earlier
before they are ready to leave the house. She will wake her son up by kissing
Nathaniel’s forehead and lying down besides Nathaniel. Then, she will whisper to
her son that it is time to wake up. ( pp. 9 and 12; ch 1). Nina always takes
Nathaniel to school and will ask Nathaniel’s teacher about her son’s improvement
in the nursery school. Nina is a mother who really cares Nathaniel’s education.
She should know every detail of her son’s abilities. When she gets a phone call
from Miss Lidya, Nathaniel’s teacher at school, she will directly leave her job and
go to Nathaniel’s school. Her son is everything for Nina. So, when there is a
report from school about Nathaniel, she will do as best as she can to fix it ( pp. 3031; ch 1).
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
23
Nina works as a district attorney. Nina is a person who really loves her job
and son, Nathaniel. She is a very responsible mother. She knows when she should
be a mother and when she should be an attorney. At home, she becomes a full
housewife. She will not forget her duty as a mother and wife. She is like other
mothers and wives who take care of their families. Nina will not do her job as an
attorney inside her house. In the public, she is a district attorney and does her job
as well as she can.
The truth is, I have always loved what I do; it’s how I define myself:
Hello, I’m Nina Frost, assistant district attorney. But I also am Nathaniel’s
mother, and I wouldn’t trade the label for the world. There is no majority
share; I am split down the middle, fifty-fifty. However, unlike most
parents, who lie awake at night worrying about the horrors that could
befall a child, I have the chance to do something about them. I’m a white
knight, one of fifty lawyers responsible for cleaning up the state of Maine
before Nathaniel makes his way through it
( p. 10; ch 1).
As a district attorney Nina takes abusive or molestation cases. Nina thinks
that by taking molestation or abusive case, it will make her ready to face it
someday. Of course, not all mothers in this world want something wrong happens
to her child, but Nina always prepares the worst things that might happen to her or
her family. She will take a risk of something even if it makes her become a bad
person. Therefore, she will know the causes of the cases that she ever handles
from those experiences.
When she takes an abusive case, she will do everything for her client because
she can feel what it is like. Most of those abusive cases that are handled by Nina
are children. Almost all of those children say that they have been abused by his or
her father or relatives. Therefore, automatically, when a molestation’s case has
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
24
been opened to public, his or her mother will accompany the child. Nina has
already seen this dozens of times when a strong mother who simply goes to
pieces, like starched sheet that melts at a breath of steam when her case has been
closed down because of the inability of the victim to explain very well in the court
(p. 27; ch 1).
When Nathaniel’s case is opened to public, Nina assists him. At that time,
she only thinks about Nathaniel and how she can protect her son from the abuser.
Nina considers that Father Glen as a defendant. So shooting Father Glen’s head is
the only way to protect her son. As a mother, it is her duty to protect and be
responsible for her son. She realizes the consequences of her action that she will
be put in jail. However, Nina does not try to run away from the courtroom or the
judicature even. She knows that she does the wrong thing and she will justify her
action in the courtroom (p. 135; ch 3).
2. Attractive
Patrick is Nina’s best f
MOTHERLY LOVE AS PORTRAYED IN THE CHARACTER
NINA FROST IN JODY PILCOULT’S PERFECT MATCH
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Maria Editha Miranda
Student Number: 061214008
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
MOTHERLY LOVE AS PORTRAYED IN THE CHARACTER
NINA FROST IN JODY PILCOULT’S PERFECT MATCH
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Maria Editha Miranda
Student Number: 061214008
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
1
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
This Thesis is gratefully dedicated to:
My Greatest of all, Jesus Christ
My beloved parents and aunt
My beloved friends 3G
And all people whom I love and know
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work
or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations
and the references, as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, December 12th, 2011
The Writer
Maria Editha Miranda
061214008
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama
Nomor Mahasiswa
: Maria Editha Miranda
: 061214008
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
MOTHERLY LOVE AS PORTRAYED IN THE CHARACTER
NINA FROST IN JODY PILCOULT’S PERFECT MATCH
Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata
Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain,
mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikannya secara terbatas,
memplubikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis
tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta,
Pada tanggal: January 9th , 2012
Yang menyatakan,
Maria Editha Miranda
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ABSTRACT
Miranda, Maria Editha. 2011. Motherly Love as Portrayed in the Character Nina
Frost in Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match. Yogyakarta: English Language Education
Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers
Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
There are so many kinds of love in this world. It can be love from parents
to their children or love from man for woman or vise versa. Jodi Picoult’s Perfect
Match tells Nina, the major character who tries to show her motherly love to her
son. This study discusses motherly love of a mother whose son has been sexually
abused by someone.
There are two problems formulated. The first one concerns the description
of Nina’s personal description. Then, the second one concerns how Nina
expresses her motherly love to her son. This study was conducted by applying
library research. There are two sources used to obtain the data. The first one is
primary source, which is Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match. The secondary sources are
from library books which consist of psychological and literary books. The literary
theories are needed to answer the first problem which deals with the character and
characterization of Nina. Love, motherly love, and motivation theories are
employed to answer the second problem. Some articles from the internet are also
used as additional information to support the related issues.
Based on the analysis, Nina Frost, the main character, is described as a
responsible, attractive, caring, loving person. However, when she knows that
someone hurts her son, she becomes a cruel person. She shoots the defendant in
the courtroom because she thinks that is the only way to protect her son. Her traits
can be seen from her speech, action, and manner. Further analysis shows the ways
Nina expresses her motherly love to her son. As a mother, she will always take
care of her son, Nathaniel. Nina also has argued with her husband because her
husband thinks that she is too busy with her job. Nina shoots the abuser’s head in
the courtroom because she thinks that is the only way to protect her son from the
abuser. Nina is still looking for the real abuser when she knows that she shoots the
wrong person because she does not want the real abuser abuse others children.
Nina also expresses her motherly love by leaving her job and becomes a
housewife
Finally, this study provides suggestions for the future researcher of the
same novel to analyze Caleb as Nina’s husband. The other suggestion is for the
implementation of teaching Interactional Speech 1.
Keywords: Perfect Match, Motherly love.
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ABSTRAK
Miranda, Maria Editha. 2011. Motherly Love as Portrayed in the Character Nina
Frost in Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Ada banyak macam cinta di seluruh dunia. Cinta dapat berasal dari cinta
orang tua kepada anak-anaknya ato cinta anatara seorang laki-laki kepada
wanitanya dan sebaliknya. Sebuah novel Perfect Match karangan Jodi Picoult
menceritakan tentang salah satu tokoh utama yang berusaha menunjukan cinta
seorang ibu kepada anaknya. Skripsi ini membahas tentang cinta seorang ibu
kepada anak laki-lakinya yang telah dianiaya oleh seseorang.
Ada dua masalah yang dirumuskan untuk membuat analisa dari skripsi ini
menjadi lebih jelas. Masalah pertama membahas karakteristik pribadi Nina.
Kemudian, masalah kedua membahas cara-cara Nina menunjukkan cinta seorang
ibu kepada anaknya. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengadakan skripsi ini adalah
metode studi pustaka. Ada dua sumber yang digunakan untuk melengkapi datadata skripsi ini. Sumber utama adalah novel Perfect Match sendiri yang
merupakan karangan dari Jodi Picoult. Sumber yang kedua diperoleh dari bukubuku psikologi dan kesusastraan. Buku-buku kesusastraan digunakan untuk
menjawab pertanyaan pertama yang berhubungan dengan karakter dan
pentokohan dari Nina. Buku-buku psikologi yang berkaitan dengan beberapa teori
cinta, cinta ibu dan motivasi digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan kedua.
Beberapa artikel dari internet juga digunakan sebagai tambahan informasi untuk
mendukung isu-isu yang ada.
Berdasarkan analisa, Nina Frost, sebagaimana dia dipanggil,
dideskripsikan sebagai orang yang bertanggung jawab, menarik, peduli,
penyayang. Tetapi ketika Nina tahu bahwa seseorang telah menyakiti anaknya, ia
menjadi orang yang kejam. Dia menembak tersangka di pengadilan karena dia
piker, hanya itu satu-satunya cara untuk melindungi anaknya. Karakter Nina dapat
dilihat dari ucapan, reaksi, dan tingkah laku. Sebagai seorang ibu, Nina selalu
merawat anaknya, Nathaniel. Nina juga berdebat dengan suaminya karena
suaminya berfikir kalau Nina terlalu sibuk dengan pekerjaannya. Nina menembak
kepala tersangka di ruang sidang karena dia berfikir hanya dengan cara itulah dia
bisa melindungi anaknya. Nina tetap mencari pelaku penganiayaan ketika dia tahu
telah membunuh orang yang salah karena dia tidak ingin pelaku sebenarnya
menganiaya anak-anak lainnya. Nina juga mengekpresikan cintanya pada anaknya
dengan meninggalkan pekerjaannya dan menjadi seorang ibu rumah tangga.
Pada akhirnya, skripsi ini menyajikan beberapa saran untuk para peneliti
selanjutnya agar menganalisis karakter suami Nina, Caleb. Saran juga ditujukan
untuk pelaksaan Interactional Speech 1.
Kata Kunci : Perfect Match, Motherly love
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Him, my
beloved Jesus Christ. I am very grateful for His guidance until now, so I can
finish my thesis. He accompanies me through good and bad time. I also thank him
for His guidance as long as I live until now. I believe He encourages me a lot.
I would like to give my next gratitude to Drs. L. Bambang Hendarto Y.,
M.Hum, who has spared his time to guide me patiently during this thesis writing
process. I am very grateful to have him as my thesis advisor because he is very
kind, humble and patient to me. I would like to thank him because he always has
time for me to revise my thesis until I can finish it in time.
I would also like to thank all PBI lecturers for sharing their knowledge.
When I studied in PBI, they really helped me if I had difficulties. They really
shared their knowledge so I could get a lot of knowledge here. I would like to
thank to secretariat staffs for the help, hospitality and kindness.
My deepest gratitude goes to my parents, Eddy Budi Santoso, Endang
Setiowati, and all my relatives who always support me to do my thesis. I thank
them for giving me long-lasting love and care of me throughout my life.
My special thanks turn to Agatha Wikan Adhisti and Maria Heni
Krisnasari who always remind and support me all the time to finish my thesis as
soon as possible. They usually give me a call and say “ Don’t forget to finish your
thesis and never give up.” It makes me remember that they really care for me.
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Without them, I feel nothing. I thank them for the greatest friendship we have ever
had.
My next gratitude goes to my beloved friends Ms. Siska, Diyan, Jalu, Rani ,
Nia, Prisca, Epha, Phinah, Mb. Sari and Exna for sharing remarkable moments
and experiences. I am grateful to have them in my life.
I would like to thank all my boardinghouse friends for a long lasting
relationship. I have learned so many things from them. I thank them for the
sharing and new experiences. I would like to thank to Anessa Efradita who
always supports me and is always by my side through good and bad times. She is
my best friend ever. Next, my thanks go to Ria, Diyan and Susan for sharing the
same struggle in completing this thesis.
I would like to thank all Purikids teachers. They gave me so many
experiences to handle children. My thanks go to my children in Purikids because
with their jokes and their cutes makes I feel better in doing my thesis.
At last, I would like to thank everybody who makes my day so colorful
and for the greatest experiences I have ever had in my life. God bless them all.
Maria Editha Miranda
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ..................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL PAGES ......................................................................................
ii
DEDICATION PAGE……………………………………………………….
iv
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...............................................
v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI........................ ........................
vi
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................
xi v
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION ............................................................
1
A. Background of the Study .............................................
1
B. Problem Formulation ..................................................
4
C. Objectives of the Study................................................
4
D. Benefits of the Study ...................................................
5
E. Definition of Terms .....................................................
6
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .....................
8
A. Theoretical Review ......................................................
8
1. Critical Approach ....................................................
8
2. Character .................................................................
9
3. Characterization ......................................................
10
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4. Motivation ...............................................................
12
5. Love ........................................................................
14
B. Theoretical Framework................................................
18
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ...........................................................
19
A. Object of the Study ......................................................
19
B. Approach of the Study .................................................
20
C. Method of the Study ....................................................
20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ........................................................................
22
A. The Description of Nina’s Character ...........................
22
1. Responsible ..............................................................
23
2.Attractive ..................................................................
25
3. Caring.......................................................... ............
26
4. Loving.................................................................. ....
28
5. Cruel................................................................. .......
29
B. Nina Frost’s Ways of Expressing Her Motherly Love
CHAPTER V
to Her Son ....................................................................
30
1. By Taking Care of Her Son .....................................
31
2. By Arguing with Her Husband Caleb......................
36
3. By Shooting the Defendant .....................................
37
4. By Looking for the Real Abuser .............................
42
5. By Leaving Her Job .................................................
43
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................
45
A. Conclusions .................................................................
45
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B. Suggestions ..................................................................
46
1. Suggestion for Future Researchers .........................
46
2. Suggestion
f or
the
Implementation
of
the
Teaching Learning Process .....................................
47
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................
48
APPENDICES ...............................................................................................
50
xi i i
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Cover of Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match ...... …………………
50
APPENDIX 2 Summary of Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match …………………
51
APPENDIX 3 Biography of Jodi Picoult…………………………………..
53
APPENDIX 4 Some of Jodi Picoult’s Novel ………………………………
55
APPENDIX 5 Lesson Plan and Materials………………………….……….
56
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of five parts. First is background of the study which
presents the reason for choosing the topic. Second is problem formulation. This
part presents two problems which guide the analysis of the novel. Third concerns
objectives of the study. This part presents the objectives of the novel Perfect
Match. Fourth is present benefits of the study. This part describes the benefits that
the writer, parents, and friends will get after they read this novel. The last one is
the definition of the term. This part states the definitions of terms which are
related to the topic to avoid misunderstanding.
A. Background of the Study
Skolnick (1983) says that a family is a group of adults that live together,
cooperate to upbringing their children, and share everything with their members.
There are two kinds of families. The first one is extended family that consists of
three generations of married brothers or sisters. The second one is nuclear family
composing of a father, a mother, and children (p. 26).
In a nuclear family, each member has to obey the rules of the house. A
family should have their own rules to develop their own foundation at home. The
rules, especially for parents, are very important to bring up their children. A father
and a mother should work together to make rules for their children. Mother’s role
is very important in a family because a child is born from a mother. Before being
1
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2
born, a child lives in his mother womb for nine months. Automatically, a child
and a mother have a special relationship. Therefore, a child is commonly closer to
his or her mother than to his or her father. When a child is born, a mother will
nurse her child instinctively and take care of her child carefully. This shows that a
mother loves her child very much.
According to Fromm (1956) motherly love is unconditional love to her
child in order to protect her child in every situation. Unconditional love is love
that given by a mother to her son or daughter without any condition. Motherly
love can be portrayed in a work of literature like the novel. An author can use a
novel to portray real life experiences such as those of motherly love (pp. 63-67).
Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match is one of the novels which tell about motherly
love. This novel talks about a mother whose child (Nathaniel) has been abused by
someone. Nina Frost the mother, works as an attorney. Nina is well known as an
attorney who has handled many mistreatment cases. At home, Nina is a lovable
woman. She loves her son much until she realizes that her child has a strange
behavior.
One day, something wrong happens to her son, Nathaniel. Nathaniel does
not want to speak to anyone. As a mother, Nina wants her son tell her what has
happened to him, but awkwardly her son becomes silent and cannot talk. Nina
feels that there must be something wrong happening to her child. On her
confusion, Nina decides to take Nathaniel to a therapist. However, it does not
work much because her son still cannot talk with her or anyone else. It seems that
Nathaniel has something in his throat that cannot make him talk. Therefore, Nina
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
3
takes Nathaniel to a therapist. Nathaniel starts to learn sign symbol since he does
not want to talk. It makes him express what he is going to tell about even though it
is just one word. Slowly but sure, Nathaniel begins to tell his mother who has
abused him.
The first suspicion goes to Nathaniel’s father, Caleb, and then to Father
Glen who lives in the church near Nina’s house. When Nathaniel can make a
symbol, he says “Father” symbol. Nina concludes that Caleb behind her child
case. Furthermore, Nina has consultation with Nathaniel’s doctor. The doctor
explains about Caleb situation and the doctor says that Caleb is not the defendant
that deserves to be suspected. Nina realizes that Nathaniel ever comes home with
underwear that does not belong to him. Nina phones Patrick to investigate father
Glen’s house. Patrick is a police officer and Nina’s best friend. They have been
friends for a long time ago When Patrick investigates the house behind the church,
he finds Nathaniel’s underwear in a box, which is full of other clothes. After that,
Patrick comes to Nina and reports the investigation result to her. after Nina
investigates Father Glen and she concludes that father Glen has the connection to
this case.
Two months later, Nathaniel’s case has been opened to public and Father
Glen is asked to be a defendant in the court. When Father Glen comes to enter the
court, Nina feels that she should kill Father Glen because she thinks that this is the
only way to protect her son from a man like Father Glen. Nina shoots Father Glen
four times on the head and he directly dies there.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
4
After that case, someone who works in laboratory says that the abuser is
not Father Glen but Father Glen’s stepbrother. His name is Father Gywne. But
several years ago Father Glen is sick that makes him have bone marrow
transplantation. The transplantation makes Father Glen have two DNA in his
body. It makes Nina believes that Father Glen is the one who abuses his son.
Because of killing Father Glen, Nina becomes a defendant. When the trial is being
held, Patrick says to Nina that the abuser is not Father Glen because it is proved
by the DNA report that the real abuser is not Father Glen. Nina is really shocked
and feels very guilty.
In the court, the judge decides that Nina is punished for twenty years in the
Maine State Prison with credit for the time she has already served. The remainder
of the twenty years will be suspended and she is in the probobation for that time.
Nina decides that she will be better at home and watch his child grow older. Nina
is no longer a district attorney and chooses to be a housewife.
The reason why this novel is interesting is that abuses actually can happen
to anyone anytime and anywhere and even by someone around us. The researcher
also thinks that parents will do everything for their children to make them happy
and have a better life. Hopefully by reading the novel, the readers are able to
recognize the symptoms of abusive and learn how to manage when it is happened
to his or her child.
B. Problem Formulation
1. How is Nina Frost in Perfect Match described?
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
5
2. How does Nina Frost express her motherly love to her child in Perfect
Match?
C. Objectives of the study
The objectives of the study are the goals of this study related to the
problem formulation. The writer tries to answer the questions that are stated in the
problem formulation. There are two objectives to achieve this study. The first is to
find out Nina’s character in Perfect Match novel. The second is to find out how
Nina expresses her motherly love to her child in Perfect match.
D. Benefits of the study
There are some benefits from this thesis that can be gained. First is for the
researcher. From this study, the researcher can find the meaning of love,
especially a love between a mother and a son or a daughter. The researcher can
learn how to face the problems like Nina does.
Second is for the readers in general. By reading this novel, hopefully the
readers know the meaning of love, especially motherly love and know how to face
the problems like Nina. The readers can also recognize the symptoms that may
appear when his or her son or daughter has been abused.
Third is for the next researcher who plan on conducting Jodi Picoult’s
Perfect Match novel. It is really suggested that the next researcher can discuss
about fatherly love of Perfect Match novel. It hopefully can help as a basic
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
6
references to write a thesis on literature concerning in love especially fatherly
love.
E. Definition of Term
In analyzing this novel, some terms need to be clarified in order to provide
an analysis and forestall from misunderstanding. Those are:
1. Character
According to Abrams (1981), character is a type of a person. Character,
which is presented in the novel is endowed with moral, dispositional, and
emotional qualities that are expressed through what the author says. The
foundation of character’s temperaments, desires, and moral that are appeared in
the novel are described through their speech and action which is called as
motivation (p. 24).
Stanton (1965), says that a character is an individual person who appears
in the story and it refers to the mixture of interests, desires, emotion, and moral
principles which makes one character different from other character (p. 17).
2. Family
Scolnick (1983) states that family is a married couple or other group of
adult who cooperate economically and in the upbringing of children, and all or
most of who share a common dwelling. There are two kinds of family. The first
one is nuclear family, which consists of a mother, a father, and children. The
second one is extended family that consists of grandparents, aunts, uncles that live
in the house. Father is the central of the family. He is the head of the family. He
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
7
will control anything at house. Mother is father’s partner in a family. Mother will
also control family members’ behavior at home (p. 26).
3. Motherly love
Winnicott (1957) says that being a mother is not easy. However, motherly
love is a special condition where a mother dedicates her life to her children. A
mother will know when her baby needs feeding, when the baby needs to change
clothes when it is cold, or even to cuddle when a baby starts to cry. Being a
mother can come naturally. That is why a baby is closer to his or her mother
spontaneously. A baby feels comfortable when it is closer to his or her mother. A
baby feels sure that his or her mother protects and loves him or her. So, motherly
love is unconditionally love between a mother and her child in order to protect her
child in every situation (pp. 1-16)
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into two parts. First part is theoretical review.
There are five parts in this theoretical review. They are critical approach,
character, characterization, motivation, and love. Second part is theoretical
framework which states the reason of using the related theories in analyzing
novel.
A. Theoretical Review
This part presents the theories of critical approach, character,
characterization, motivation, and love. It is important to understand those
elements since this study will analyze motherly love of Nina Frost as a mother.
1. Critical Approach
A critical approach to literature requires an understanding of a nature,
function, and positive values. Literature is something which relates to how to read
and judge it. As one of the arts, literature is said to have esthetic values; the
response to literature as an art form is called the esthetic response and the
response is to its beauty.
According to Rohrberger and Woods Jr (1971, pp. 1-15), there are five
kinds of critical approaches: the formalist approach, the biographical approach,
the socio cultural-historical approach, the mythopeic approach, and the
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
9
psychological approach. First approach is formalist approach that examines the
literary piece without reference to facts of the author’s life, the genre of the
literary or its place in the development of the genre or in literacy history, and its
social environment. Second is biographical approach. This approach uses the
author’s biography, personality and author understanding of the literary object to
appreciate their works. Third is socio cultural-historical approach. This approach
talks about culture as the behavior and action in a specific group of people and
shows that literature also includes in the subject matter. Fourth is mythopeic
approach. This approach talks about the patterns of human’s thought which is
believed to give people importants meaning in literary works. Fifth is
psychological approach. This approach deals with psychology of someone to
understand the literary works. By focusing on motherly love, which is showed by
Nina as a mother, this study uses the psychological approach.
2. Character
a. Definition of Character
Character is one important element in the novel because without any
character a novel cannot be read. According to Abrams (1981), character is a
person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who is interpreted by the readers
as being blessed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are
expressed through what the author say. The grounds in the characters’
temperament, desires, and moral which appear inside the novel as their speech and
action are called motivation (pp. 23-25).
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
10
b. Types of Character
There are a billion human lives in this earth. One person has a different
character with others. Henkle says that there are two kinds of characters. Those
are major and minor character. A major character is a character that has a
dominant role in the novel and he or she often appears in all scenes or parts.
Minor character is a character that has minor role in the novel and rarely appears
in all scenes (1977, pp. 86-88).
According to Abrams (1981), there are two kinds of characters namely flat
and round character. A flat character is the character that is built on a single idea
or quality. Therefore, he or she is presented in outline and without much
individualizing detail, only in a short sentence or phrase. A round character is also
called a dynamic character which is complex in temperament and motivation. The
author describes the character like a human being in real life who can act
unpredictably. The characters may surprise the readers because of the actions. It
makes the novel be interesting (p. 24).
3. Characterization
a. Definition of Characterization
Characterization is the central of the fictional experience. Through
characters in the novel, the author tries to make readers understand and experience
every event in the novel. Henkle (1977) states that there are some factors in the
characterization such as the complexity of the characterization, the attention given
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
11
certain figures and the personal intensity that a character seems to transmit (pp.
86-88).
The creation of the imaginary person that will exist and become real for
the reader is called characterization (Holman & Harmon, 1986, p. 81).
Characterization in a novel is very important because without it the novel cannot
be read. An author has an important role to make the characters inside novel
become life and real.
b. Ways of Characterization
In order to make the character be more understandable and more alive for
readers, an author takes a few ways of it (Murphy, 1972, pp. 161-171). A
character can be understood by:
1) Personal Description
It explains the physical appearance from the character such as hair, skin,
eyes, height, and etc.
2) Character as seen by another
It explains a character which is explained by another character. It can be
from other characters’ opinion or personal appearance such as hair, skin, eyes, and
height.
3) Speech
The character can also be known through the conversation between
characters inside the novel. So, the reader can know deeper about the characters
by understanding speeches which are produced.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
12
4) Past Life
The experience of the characters can be an important point to describe
characters. By giving information about character’s past life, the author can also
describes characters.
5) Conversation of others
Novel is like in a real world in which people like to talk about other
people; It is like gossiping. In the novel, one character can be described by other
characters through a conversation with others.
6) Reactions
The author can also give readers a clue to a person’s character by letting
readers know how that person reacts to various situations and events.
7) Direct Comment
The author can give comment or describe the character directly.
8) Thought
The author describes the character’s thought in order to point out the
characterization.
9) Mannerisms
The author can describe the habit of the character.
4.
L ove
Love has a great influence on human’s life. People would say that without
love they cannot survive or without love there is no reason we live in this earth.
There are many kinds of love such as love for family, love between a man and a
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
13
woman, and love to this universe. A man will do everything to show his love to a
woman he likes. Love is not a natural kind or a substance of an abstract kind.
Everyday a person loves and is loved but he or she can still proves what love is. A
person can feel that someone love her or not from the way she or he does
something. If a person loves someone, it will be shown by his or her attitude and
behavior (Nuyens, 2010, pp. 1-3)
According to Fromm (1956), love is an art which should be understood
and defended, but people nowadays tend to watch, hear, and do anything with
love. Someone will do anything to be loved. A man will be a rich man, be a
success man, and have an authority to attract woman meanwhile a woman will
have body treatment and good looking to attract man (pp. 1-4).
James (2010, p. 2) says that love is mysterious, magical, complex,
difficult, and inspirational. Love is universal experience and everyone will have
different love and different way to love someone. Love is a connection between
two people who trust each other and share anything that they want together.
There are two types of love. The first one is passionate love which is very
intense, sensual, and all-consuming. The second one is compassionate love, which
includes friendship, liking someone, mutual trusting, and wanting to be with them.
One of the examples of this love is love between mother and her child which is
called motherly love ( Kasschau as cited in Hatfield, 1995, p. 341-343).
a. Motherly Love
Love of a mother is everlasting. There is no one who can replace mother’s
love. Fromm (1956), states that motherly love is unconditional mother’s love to
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
14
her child in order to protect her child in every situation. Unconditional love
corresponds to one of the deepest longings, not only of the child, but also to every
human being. Mother’s love is bliss, peace, needs not be acquired and deserved.
However, there is a negative side of to the unconditional quality of mother’s love.
Not only does it not need to be deserved, but also cannot be aquired, produced,
and controlled. It comes naturally from a mother
The relationship of mother and child is not all the same. Sometimes one
needs all the helps and the other gives it. Moreover, motherly love is a feeling of
love which does not demand a return. A mother will sacrifice everything to make
her child happy and live well. In an ideal case, mother’s love does not try to
prevent her child from growing up, and does not try to put a benefit on
helplessness. A mother should have faith in life. A mother should believe that she
is convinced to be a mother. Part of her life should be the wish that the child
become independent and eventually separate from her (pp. 63-89).
Motherly love is the connection between a mother and her child when he
or she is born. They have a special relation that weaves by himself or herself. The
mother’s attitude toward a child is very important for their growth. It cannot be
replaced by everything; no material goods can replace the love of a mother (Kok,
1955, pp. 1-2).
Freud and Fogel (1984, pp. 13-14) view that a mother is seen as the
primary agent in the infant’s continuing development. The infant becomes
attached to the person who feeds him because, at first, a mother associates the
powerful urges of hunger satisfaction with the person providing the food. If the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
15
feeding is done by many different people, the infant will never develop a sense of
attachment and will never learn to love. A motherly love between a mother and a
child is built from this thing. The power of belonging comes from this moment.
There are some characteristics or ways of a mother to show her love
(Noller & Fitzpatrick, 1993, pp. 198-202). First is baby talk. This part says that
baby talk begins when a mother is pregnant and her infant is on six-month age.
She will tend to talk to her infant. Commonly, a mother will talk to her infant
about four situations including attracting attention, showing approval, expressing
prohibition, and expressing comfort. These ways make a mother get closer to her
child. Through baby talk, an infant and a mother will have special connection.
When a mother is pregnant, it is very important for her to have positive feelings
because the child’s positive involvement and expressions of happiness are related
to the mother’s positive feelings.
Second is a mother’s own attachment style. It says that every mother has
their own rule in their family. This part is divided into secure mother, anxiousambivalent mother, and avoidant mother. A secure mother tends to be supportive
and helpful in interactions with her children and behave in ways that promote
learning. An anxious-ambivalent mother tends to be controlling but confusing,
and her children tend to be less affectionate and more negative, less compliant and
persistent. An avoidant mother tends to be more anxious and lack of attention.
Third is democratic mother. This type of mother is more likely to use
suggestions and positive incentives than other mothers and less likely to use direct
commands, physical enforcements, and prohibitive interventions.
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16
Last concerns supporting messages. This part says that supporting
messages are those that make a child feel comfortable and cared for the presence
of the parent especially a mother. Support messages include such as behaviors as
praising, approving, encouraging, displaying affection, helping, and cooperating
with a child.
b. Fatherly Love
Besides a mother who really loves his or her child, a father will also have
an everlasting love to his or her child. Fatherly love here is little bit different from
motherly love. If a mother has a special connection with her baby from the inside
or in spiritual way, a father here will have it from the outside connection. For
example, when a mother is pregnant, father’s job is to make a mother feel happy
and have positive feeling in her mind because it influences the infant. A father has
to give a mother moral support, to be the backing for her authority, to be the one
who stands for the law and the last is, a father is needed by the child because of
his positive qualities and the things that distinguish them from other men
(Winicott, 1957, pp. 81-83).
Further more Fromm (1956) states that fatherly love is conditional love.
Conditional love of a father means that the child can fulfill father’s expectations
because the child does his or her duty and he or she looks like his or her father. In
fatherly love, there are two aspects, the positive and negative ones. The negative
aspect is the very fact that fatherly love has to be deserved that it can be lost if one
does not do what is expected. The positive aspect is equally important. Since
fatherly love is conditioned, a child can do something to acquire it, the child can
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17
work of it; his love is not outside of the child’s control as motherly love is (pp. 9093)
B. Theoretical Framework
In this study, the researcher uses the psychological approach. The
psychological approach is necessary for analyzing and answering the problems
formulated because it deals with someone’s psychological condition. The
researcher chooses motherly love of Nina frost in Jodi Picoult’s Perfect Match
because the researcher will discuss the major character in the novel and the family
relation that is the relationship between a mother and a son.
The researcher uses the theory of character by Abrams and Henkle and the
theory of characterization by Huitt, Aiken, and Petri. Those theories are used to
find out the characteristics of Nina Frost. Other theories are love, motherly love,
and fatherly love as the comparison in it. Those theories are used to analyze the
characteristics of Nina Frost and how Nina Frost expresses her love to her son.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
There are four points discussed in this chapter. First is object of the study
that states the work discussed. Second is approach of the study used in analyzing
the novel. Third is the method of the study that contains the procedure of the
study.
A. Object of the Study
The object of study is Jody Picoult’s novel entitled Perfect Match. It was
originally published in 2002 by Atria, a division of Simon and Schuster, Inc. The
novel consists of 388 pages within 9 chapters.
In a nutshell, this novel tells a story about the life of Nina Frost, a district
attorney. Nina Frost is a mother of Nathaniel who is abused by a man. The story
starts when Nina knows that something wrong has happened to Nathaniel. She
feels depressed knowing that a priest has abused his child. As a mother, Nina feels
that she should protect his child from a cruel treatment and wants to have justice
in the court. She loves her child very much and tries to protect her son from
anything. When the trial has been opened in public, she shoots the priest four
times on the head because she thinks that the only way to protect her child is by
killing the priest. As a district attorney, she knows that she is going to the jail
because of killing someone. However, this is the only way of protecting her son
from an abuser like Father Glen. It shows that Nina really loves her son.
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19
B. Approach of the Study
According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971), there are five kinds of critical
approaches those are the formalist approach, the biographical approach, the socio
cultural-historical approach, the mythopeic approach, and the psychological
approach (pp. 1-15).
In this study, the researcher used the psychological approach because it is
necessary to analyze and answer the research questions as stated in the problem
formulation. The psychological approach is an approach that deals with
psychology of someone to understand the literary works. This approach uses
theories of psychology to explain man’s or woman’s capacity for creation and the
complexity of his or her thought, motivation and behavior. By using the
psychological approach, the study of motherly love can be analyzed through the
character’s personalities, thought, and behavior.
C. Method of the Study
In this study, the researcher used library research method. This method
requires one to read book as the data and source and then apply some parts of
them, which appropriate for the analysis.
There were some steps which were applied in order to analyze the novel.
The first step was reading the novel to help the researcher understand the plot or
the story of the novel and the subject that was discussed in this thesis. The second
step was selecting the most interesting topic which was taken from the novel that
was going to be discussed.
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20
The third step was collecting the information from references such as
books on literary works and other sources from internet. These references were
used to find some important points such as, the relation between the topic and the
literary works, the elements of the novel, and the biography of the author.
The last step was analyzing the novel to answer the research questions
stated in problem formulation.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part describes Nina Frost’s
characterstics. The second part discusses how Nina expresses her motherly love to
her child in Perfect Match.
A. The Description of Nina Frost.
A character is a person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who is
interpreted by the readers as being blessed with moral, dispositional, and
emotional qualities that are expressed through what the author say (Abrams, 1981,
pp. 23-25). One of the characters in Jody Picoult’s Perfect Match is Nina Frost.
She acts similarly as a person especially as a mother in a real life.
The main characters play important role in a novel. Their actions really
represent the story. Characters are classified into major and secondary characters.
Based on Henkle (1977), Nina Frost is the major character in Perfect Match novel
because she has a dominant role in the novel and often appears in all scenes or
parts. Furthermore, characters are also categorized into flat and round characters
(pp. 86-88). Based on Abrams’ theory (1981), Nina Frost is a round or dynamic
character because her characters are complex in temperament and motivation (p.
24).
Murphy (1972, pp. 161-171) says that reader can understand characters in
the novels through nine ways. Some of them will be employed to find out Nina’s
21
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22
characteristics. To analyze Nina Frost’s characters, these ways are really needed
to understand deeply her character.
Nina Frost is described like human beings in a real life who can act
unpredictably. Nina works in Maine as a district attorney who handles most of
abusive or molestation case in her country. As a district attorney, Nina always
wears pantyhouse and tailored suits and her hair is short-bob hairstyle (p. 28; ch
1). Nina is responsible, attractive, caring, loving, cruel person.
1. Responsible
As a mother, Nina has a responsibility to take care of her child. Every
morning, she has a routine activity before she goes to work. Nina wakes up, takes
bath, prepares Nathaniel’s breakfast, and takes Nathaniel to the school.
Nathaniel’s school is in nursery school. Nina wakes Nathaniel up one hour earlier
before they are ready to leave the house. She will wake her son up by kissing
Nathaniel’s forehead and lying down besides Nathaniel. Then, she will whisper to
her son that it is time to wake up. ( pp. 9 and 12; ch 1). Nina always takes
Nathaniel to school and will ask Nathaniel’s teacher about her son’s improvement
in the nursery school. Nina is a mother who really cares Nathaniel’s education.
She should know every detail of her son’s abilities. When she gets a phone call
from Miss Lidya, Nathaniel’s teacher at school, she will directly leave her job and
go to Nathaniel’s school. Her son is everything for Nina. So, when there is a
report from school about Nathaniel, she will do as best as she can to fix it ( pp. 3031; ch 1).
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23
Nina works as a district attorney. Nina is a person who really loves her job
and son, Nathaniel. She is a very responsible mother. She knows when she should
be a mother and when she should be an attorney. At home, she becomes a full
housewife. She will not forget her duty as a mother and wife. She is like other
mothers and wives who take care of their families. Nina will not do her job as an
attorney inside her house. In the public, she is a district attorney and does her job
as well as she can.
The truth is, I have always loved what I do; it’s how I define myself:
Hello, I’m Nina Frost, assistant district attorney. But I also am Nathaniel’s
mother, and I wouldn’t trade the label for the world. There is no majority
share; I am split down the middle, fifty-fifty. However, unlike most
parents, who lie awake at night worrying about the horrors that could
befall a child, I have the chance to do something about them. I’m a white
knight, one of fifty lawyers responsible for cleaning up the state of Maine
before Nathaniel makes his way through it
( p. 10; ch 1).
As a district attorney Nina takes abusive or molestation cases. Nina thinks
that by taking molestation or abusive case, it will make her ready to face it
someday. Of course, not all mothers in this world want something wrong happens
to her child, but Nina always prepares the worst things that might happen to her or
her family. She will take a risk of something even if it makes her become a bad
person. Therefore, she will know the causes of the cases that she ever handles
from those experiences.
When she takes an abusive case, she will do everything for her client because
she can feel what it is like. Most of those abusive cases that are handled by Nina
are children. Almost all of those children say that they have been abused by his or
her father or relatives. Therefore, automatically, when a molestation’s case has
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24
been opened to public, his or her mother will accompany the child. Nina has
already seen this dozens of times when a strong mother who simply goes to
pieces, like starched sheet that melts at a breath of steam when her case has been
closed down because of the inability of the victim to explain very well in the court
(p. 27; ch 1).
When Nathaniel’s case is opened to public, Nina assists him. At that time,
she only thinks about Nathaniel and how she can protect her son from the abuser.
Nina considers that Father Glen as a defendant. So shooting Father Glen’s head is
the only way to protect her son. As a mother, it is her duty to protect and be
responsible for her son. She realizes the consequences of her action that she will
be put in jail. However, Nina does not try to run away from the courtroom or the
judicature even. She knows that she does the wrong thing and she will justify her
action in the courtroom (p. 135; ch 3).
2. Attractive
Patrick is Nina’s best f