The Process Of Love Portrayed In Cecelia Ahern’s Novel Love, Rosie

APPENDICES

Biography of Cecelia Ahern

Cecelia Ahern was born on September 30, 1981 in Dublin, Ireland. She is the daughter of Bertie Ahern, Irish Taoiseach (Prime Minister) since June 26,1997, and is the sister-in-law of Nicky Byrne of Irish popgroup Westlife, who is married to her older sister, Georgina Ahern. In 2000, Cecelia was part of the Irish pop-group Shimma, who finished third in the Irish national final for the Eurovision Song Contest. Before embarking on her writing career, Cecelia Ahern completed a Degree in Journalism and Media Communications.

At twenty-one, she wrote her debut novel PS, I Love You, published in January 2004, which was sold to over forty countries. The novel was one of the biggest-selling debut novels of 2004, reaching No.1 in Ireland and in the U.K. Sunday Times bestseller list and was selected for the Richard and Judy Summer Read campaign. It was also a bestseller throughout Europe and the U.S.A., staying on the best-seller list in Germany for over 52 weeks. For her debut novel, she was nominated for Best Newcomer 2004/05 at the British Book and in 2006, she was long-listed for the IMPAC award. The film of the same title was optioned by Warner

Bros and Wendy Finerman Productions. It has now been made into a motion picture directed by Richard LaGravenese and starring Hilary Swank, Lisa Kudrow, Kathy Bates, Gerry Butler, Harry Connick Jr., Gina Gershon and Jeffrey Dean Morgan.

In November 2004, her second book, Where Rainbows End (U.S.A.: Love, Rosie / Rosie Dunne), also reached No.1 in Ireland and the UK, remaining at the top of the Irish bestsellers list for 12 weeks and again a bestseller internationally. For her second book, she won the 2005 Irish Post Award for Literature and a 2005 Corine Award for Where Rainbows End (Fur Immer Viellecht), which was voted by German readers. In November 2005, her third book, If You Could See Me Now was published and also became an international bestseller. In May 2007 Cosmopolitan U.S. honoured her with a Fun Fearless Fiction Award 2007 for her thrid book. It has been optioned by SB Films (London) Producer Simon Brooks.

In October 2006, her fourth novel, A Place Called Here, was a international number one bestseller and has gone straight to No.1 in U.K. and Ireland. It was published in U.S.A. under the title There's No Place Like Here. It is optioned by Touchstone with Warren Littlefield for a TV Drama series.

Cecelia has contributed with short stories to the following anthologies for which all her royalties go to charity: Irish Girls are Back in Town, Short and Sweet, Moments, Ladies Night 4, Girls Night in 2 and she has written a novella titled Mrs. Whippy.

Other published stories are The Production Line for Express Magazine, Every Year for Harrod's Magazine, The Things That I Remember for Woman's Own, Remembering Mum for Express Magazine, Mallard and May for Woman and Home. Cecelia also is the co-creater (along with Donald Todd) and producer of the ABC half-hour comedy television show, Samantha Who? Stars: Christina Applegate, Jean Smart, Jennifer Esposito, Barry Watson, Kevin Dunn, Melissa McCarthy and Tim Russ.

Cecelia Ahern continues living in Dublin. On 14 December 2009, it was announced that Cecelia had given birth to her first child with husband David Keoghan, a girl named Robin.One of her spokeswomen confirmed in March 2012

named Sonny on 23 July 2012. They currently live in Malahide in North County Dublin.

Summary of Cecelia Ahern’s Novel Love, Rosie

Alex and Rosie have been best friends for almost as long as they can remember. After depicting their time together as children, the novel jumps to Rosie making a speech at what appears to be a wedding, while staring at Alex, implying it may be his wedding but not hers. Rosie is upset because of getting drunk during her 18th birthday. Alex comes over to discuss the previous night's events but pauses when Rosie tells him how she wished it never happened. The pair later go to the beach together to attend a party where 'the fittest guy in [their]grade' asks Rosie to the school dance, which she rejects saying she is going with Alex. Alex later tells her that an attractive and 'out of his league' girl named Bethany wants to go with him. After a fight between the two, Alex and Bethany go to the dance along with Greg and Rosie. After some dancing, Bethany and Alex share a passionate kiss and Greg and Rosie get a private room. The two then have sex but due to Greg's inexperience, the condom comes off and gets stuck inside Rosie. She immediately calls Alex who gets her to a hospital then takes her home.

Later, Rosie receives a letter telling her that she has been accepted into Boston University for the hotel management course that she wants to do. After running over to tell Alex, she overhears him and Bethany having sex and vomits into a handbag. She leaves without seeing Alex and goes to a pharmacist, saying she has been feeling nauseous lately. The woman behind the counter, Ruby, gives her a pregnancy test which turns out to be positive despite her taking the morning after pill. Rosie decides against telling Alex after he tells her that he has been accepted by Harvard, not wanting him to stay for her. Rosie says goodbye to Alex at an airport as he heads to his university, saying she will be just behind him. Rosie gives birth to a baby girl, whom she names Katie, and decides not to give her up for adoption despite prior plans. Rosie raises Katie as a single mother.

A few months later, Rosie, with baby Katie, bumps into Bethany in the street. Bethany tells Alex, who immediately comes back to England from America to

visit Rosie. The two become friends again and Alex becomes the godfather of baby Katie.

Back in America, Alex meets a girl in a bar and they soon move in together. Five years later, after Alex convinces Rosie to visit, Rosie discovers that Alex's girlfriend is incredibly posh and snobby, taking them to an art gallery of a man named Herb. Upon telling Alex that she didn't see them as a good couple, they fight and Rosie goes back to England. During the trip she also finds out that Alex's girlfriend is pregnant. Greg (who earlier moved to Ibiza after hearing of Rosie's pregnancy) visits Rosie at work having received her letter and a drawing by Katie. After some arguing, Rosie decides that Greg can see Katie. The three become a family and Alex then receives an invitation to Rosie's wedding to Greg. Rosie marries Greg but notices Alex's absence from the event. Rosie's parents go on a trip and Rosie soon receives a call from her mother saying that Rosie's father has died. At the funeral, Alex visits and the two reconcile. Greg is also present but noticeably drunk and rude to Alex and Rosie.

Rosie and Alex's lives go on. Rosie discovers that Alex's girlfriend had been cheating with Herb, the art dealer, and the baby was not in fact his, something he is devastated by. At the time, she also bumps into Bethany, who is now an international model and Rosie tells her to go visit Alex in Boston while she is on tour. After Greg's treatment of Rosie at the funeral, Alex sends her a letter saying that she deserves better and that he believes he can be that better man. Greg however intercepts the letter and hides it from Rosie. Rosie goes to work and is excited when she sees that Greg has booked the bridal suite, assuming it is for their anniversary however after receiving a call from him saying that he will not be home, Rosie realizes he is cheating. She goes to intercept him at the hotel's bar and breaks up with him. After throwing away all of Greg's things, Rosie discovers the letter and promptly messages Alex to tell him she feels the same, with Alex saying in the letter that he would never bring it up again if she didn't tell him she felt the same. Rosie messages Alex, who then video calls her, but instead of Alex, Rosie sees Bethany who is now living with Alex. Bethany and Alex tell Rosie that they are getting married and that they want her to be his best man, because Rosie suggested her to visit Alex.

Rosie flies out to their wedding with plans of telling Alex of her feelings but its too late, arriving just after the ceremony. The novel then switches back to the first scene where Rosie is making a speech. She tells Alex she loves him in the speech, but covers it up saying that it is only as a friend or sister. Rosie's daughter Katie has brought a close friend named Toby with her on the trip and the two very much resemble a young Alex and Rosie in their deep love and friendship for each other. Toby kisses Katie and she goes outside, very distressed. Rosie and Alex comfort Katie and Alex tells her that she should go talk to Toby saying that if she rejects him now he will spend the rest of his life looking for someone to live up to her, but no-one ever will, all while Alex keeps eye contact with Rosie. Alex realizes that Rosie doesn't remember the kiss they shared on her 18th birthday, and misunderstands her wishing that night never happened as her telling him that she doesn't want to be more than friends. The scene switches to Rosie saying goodbye to Alex at an airport as he leaves with Bethany.

Rosie starts up her own hotel and is pleasantly surprised when Alex arrives there. Alex tells Rosie that he has 'no baggage' and that he is no longer with Bethany. He then proceeds to tell her about a dream he had (his weird dreams being shared throughout the film, such as being the tip of an arrow, which no-one understands but Rosie) which consists of them being together. The two share a kiss and the camera pans out to show the hotel Rosie now owns.

REFERENCES

Aron Arthur. 1986. Love and the Expansion of Self. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.

Buck, R. 1964. Human Motivation and Emotion. Second Edition. Connecticut: John Wiley and Sons

Damono, Sapari Djoko.1984. Sosiologi Sastra Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

Devito, Joseph A. 1985. Human Communication. New York: Harper and Row, Inc. George, Marry W. 2008. The Elements of Library Research: What Every Students Needs to Know. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Kennedy, X. J. 1991. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. New York: Harper Collins Publisher Inc.

Kurniasih, S. 2005. An Analysis of Love Values in Charlotte Bronte’s Novel: Jane Eyre. Thesis. Medan: Fakultas Sastra, English Department, USU.

Moleong, Lexy J. 1989. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya

Nawawi, h. 1992. Instrumen Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.

Ramson, W.S. 1989. Chambers English Dictionary. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Limited

Robert, Edgar and Henry E. Jacobs. 1955. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Prentice –Hall, Inc

Welleck, Rene and Warren, Austin. 1996. Theory of Literature. New York: A Harvest Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc.

April 2013: Cecelia Ahern. Retrieved from http://www.goodreads.com/author/ show/7116.Cecelia_Ahern (October 2015)

August 2014: Cecelia Ahern. Retrieved from http://www.jacketflap.com/ ceceliaahern/167194 (December2015)

December 2014: Love, Rosie. Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Love,Rosie(December2015) February 2013: Love and Friendship Meaning. Retrieved from

CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE STUDY

3.1 Research Design

According to Nawawi (1992), “Metode adalah cara yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah.‖ (Method is the way to solve the problem). So, the writer uses library research by qualitative description in writing this analysis. Bodgan and Blinken (2007:4) state qualitative research is descriptive and data collected in the form of word or picture rather than number. This method attempts to understand and interpret the meaning of an event interaction of human behavior in certain situation according to the writer‘s perspective. Qualitative research is subjective, open, contextual and rational. Besides the descriptive qualitative method, the library research method is also applied to support the validity of the data. Nawawi (1993:30) says “Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan cara menghimpun data dari berbagai literature baik dari perpustakaan maupun tempat-tempat lain.” (Library research is done by collecting data from books in the library or any other places). All the information about this analysis is also collected from internet, dictionary, and any other sources. The source data of this research is the novel Love,Rosie written by Cecelia Ahern. This novel was published in 2004 that consist of 434 pages. The data of this research is words, sentence, which indicate love through the main characters.

the conclusion and suggestions obtained from the study as a result. ‗Research Design‘ is a depiction of the structure of the planning and execution of this study in order to facilitate researcher to undertake a study in accordance with the correct sequence. The writer makes the chart to help the readers in understanding the research method in accordance with the correct sequence.

And here is the chart that has been arranged below:

QUALITATIVE METHODE ANALYZING DATA

NOVEL: Love, Rosie

DATA COLLECTING: SUPPORTING THEORY:

Novel Books Internet Socio Lit. Postmodernism

SELECT AND INTERPRET- THE DATA

CONCLUSION THE WRITER

3.2. Data Collection

The writer takes two kinds of research which can be applied. The two types of data collection in doing this research are the primary data and the secondary data. The primary data in this research is the novel that will be the source data in making this analysis. And the secondary data in this research is the library research, and some other online research which are related to the object and help the writer to make the analysis clear.

The writer takes novel “Love, Rosie” by Cecelia Ahern as the source of data. The first step that the writer takes is by reading the data sources such as the text from novel, reference books, and internet to get deep understanding. The second step is the writer notes and selects the quotation from data sources. In the other hand, the analysis of this research focuses on the main characters Rosie and Alex who have love in their friendship.

3.3. Data Analysis

After collecting and selecting all the data, then the writer interprets the data that have been collected. And the last step is the writer analyzes the data to get the conclusion especially about process of love in the novel to answer the problem in this analysis. In analyzing all the data which support this research, the descriptive method is applied. The descriptive method aims to search and find as many as possible the information or data needed related to the object of analysis. Descriptive method presents the findings of the final project as it is relevant to the objective of the study, and used to describe the main data from the novel. Those main data are given in a quotation form to prove the analysis.

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 Process of Love in Cecelia Ahern’s Novel: Love, Rosie

This is the story of Alex and Rosie‘s lives, told exclusively through letters, emails, instant messages and texts sent between them, and their wide assortment of family and friends. Rosie and Alex are inseparable best friend who are one day forced apart when Alex‘s family decided to move from Dublin to Boston. The story guides us through their relationship as it continues to change due to distance, new relationships, and circumstances that keep them apart. Life for Rosie and Alex, childhood best friend, begins and ends with one thing: their unfaltering loyalty to one another. In the novel Love, Rosie by Cecelia Ahern, the process of love is conveyed by a sense of affection, attraction, and leads into an intimacy.

4.1.1 Affection

Affection is a process of social interaction between two or more organisms. Affection denotes a feeling of love, amounting to more than goodwill or friendship. It communicates by words, gestures, or touches. This process of love is more emotional rather than sexual or biological need. This story begins by two young children who are the best friend. Their names are Alex and Rosie. Alex Stewart and Rosie Dunne have been best friend since they were childhood. They often spend time together as children. They are always together and do everything together. They do not care about other friends, who also wanted to be friends with

them. Everything about Rosie and Alex, Alex and Rosie, nobody else. One day Rosie invited Alex to 7thRosie‘s birthday through a letter.

It can be seen as follows: To Alex

You are invited to my 7th birthday party on Tuesday the 8th of April in my house. We are having a magician and you can come to my house at 2o‘clock. It is over at 5 o‘clock. I hope you will come,

From your best friend, Rosie (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:3)

Alex replies Rosie‘s letter: To Rosie

Yes I will come to your brithday party on Wensday.

Form Alex (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:3)

From the conversations through Alex and Rosie above, it is not grammatical errors, but it shows how children‘s action when they‘re at the age of seven. Their writing is not still with true words. Alex and Rosie often keep each other up all night with many jokes, that‘s so much fun for them.

When they become teenager, Alex and Rosie grows being naughty and rebellious. They often expose to detention and punishment from their teachers because their behaviors are not polite. Even in Rosie‘s birthday at the age of sixteen, they make a false license and go to a nightclub to celebrate Rosie‘s birthday.

Dear Ms. Quinn

Alex will be unable to attend school tomorrow, the 8th of April, as he has a dental appointment.

Rosie will be unable to attend school tomorrow, the 8th of April, as she has a doctor‘s appointment.

Alice Dunne (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:10)

Unfortunately for Alex and Rosie, those letters which led to the suspension. Their principal requests a meeting with Alex and Rosie‘s parents at the school immediately. It can be seen as follows:

Dear Mr. and Ms. Dunne,

Following the recent actions of your daughter Rosie we request a meeting with you at the school immediately. We need to discuss her behavior and come to an agreement on a reasonable punishment. I have no doubt you understand the necessity of this. Alex Stewart‘s parents will also be in attendance.

The scheduled time is Monday morning at 9 a.m. Yours sincerely,

Mr. Bogarty Principal (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:12)

As teenagers, they also tell their boyfriend and girlfriend respectively. Alex later tells her that an attractive and 'out of his league' girl named Bethany wants to go with him. Alex meets Bethany, after that he tells Rosie through an instant message when they‘re in classroom.

It can be seen as follows:

Alex: Hey there Rosie got some news for you.

Rosie: Leave me alone please I‘m trying to concentrate on what Mr. Simpson is saying.

…..

Alex: Well you can eat your words my friend, because virgin boy is no longer.

Rosie: Is no longer than a what? Baby sweetcorn? Alex: Ha ha is no longer a virgin boy.

Alex: Hello? You still there? (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:15)

But there are times when Rosie seemed jealous of the love life of Alex, Rosie thinks his girlfriend disturbs their friendship. Rosie misses Alex so badly as her best friend, as stated Rosie in the following letter:

To the most inconsiderate asshole of a friend,

I‘m writing you this letter because I know that if I say what I have to say to your face I will probably punch you.

I don‘t know you anymore. I don‘t see you anymore.

All I get is a quick text or a rushed e-mail from you every few days. I know you are busy and I know you have Bethany, but hello? I‘m supposed to be your best friend.

...

Anyway, my point is (I know, I know, there is one), I don‘t want to be one of those easily forgotten people, so important at the time, so special, so influential, and so treasured, yet years later just a vague face and a distant memory. I want us to be best friends forever, Alex.

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:20)

When Alex is eighteen, Rosie wants to celebrate Alex birthday with her and she wants to go out to have some legal celebrating together. But so sadly, Alex says that he celebrates his birthday with Bethany‘s parents that taking him and his parents out for dinner to the Hazel. Alex is so surprised, but Rosie is so angry and disappointed, until Rosie was sending an email with bad words to Alex, but she deletes again and changes it with better words. Rosie hides her disappointment. It can be seen as follows:

Dearest Alex,

Well whoopdeedoo for you Fuck Bethany

Fuck her parents Fuck the hazel And fuck you

From: Rosie To: Alex

Subject: Happy Birthday!

OK then well, enjoy the meal. Happy birthday! (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:23)

But, no one can separate a friendship of Alex and Rosie. They always find a way to be friends again, and do action together. Until one day, just a year before their graduation from high school, Alex had to leave their hometown, Dublin, Ireland to follow his father to get a job in the United States.

From: Alex To: Rosie

Subject: Re: DISASTER!

I‘ll call you when I get home. It‘s true. Dad was offered a job doing something that sounds incredibly boring . . . I don‘t really know, I wasn‘t listening. I don‘t know why he has to go all the way over to Boston to do a boring job, there‘s plenty of them right here. He can have mine.

Oh Rosie, I‘m so pissed off. I don‘t want to go. I only have a year left in school; this is such the wrong time to leave. I don‘t want to go to a stupid American high school or whatever it is they call it. I don‘t want to leave you. I‘ll call you later and we can talk about it. We have to think of a way that I can stay. This is really bad, Rosie.

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:24)

Rosie is so surprised directly and she can‘t hide her sadness when she knew her best friend must move to Dublin to Boston because of Alex‘s parents job. Rosie wants to stay with Alex in Dublin, it is like their wish to live together when they were kids. She sends a letter to her best friend and tells her sad feeling.

From: Rosie To: Alex

Subject: Stay with me!

Don‘t go! Mum and Dad said that you could stay here for the year! Finish school here and then we can both decide what to do after that! Please stay! It will be so brilliant, us living together. It‘ll be just like when we were young and we used to keep each other up all night with those walkie talkies! Remember them?!! If you stay with us Alex we‘ll be able to just talk all night! Oh it would be so much fun. When we were kids we always wanted to live together, now‘s our chance . . .

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:25)

Alex and Rosie can‘t do anything. Alex must be moved to Boston. Thus, they are suddenly separated. Rosie feels like she‘s missing something. She knows that there‘s something not right, and it takes her a while to remember what it is. Then she remembers, her best friend is gone. Her only friend.

In high school graduation party, Rosie finds a partner, she meets Brian (Greg), Alex and Rosie‘s classmate, he is so naughty. Because of necessity, Rosie finally goes to the event with Brian, an option which she will regret, because she is not with Alex. Because Alex with Bethany.

Later, Rosie gets good news. She receives a letter telling her that she has been accepted into Boston College, USA, while Alex has been accepted in the medical faculty of Harvard University. Alex and Rosie are very happy. They make those plans together. Rosie is also ready to go to America and meet Alex again.

From: Rosie To: Alex

I GOT IN!! Boston College, here I come!!! WAHOOO! The letter just arrived for me this morning and I am soooo excited! You better not move a muscle, Mr. Stewart, because I am finally coming to see you. It‘ll be great, even though you and I won‘t be studying in the same college (Harvard is far too distinguished for the likes of me!) But I think it‘s just as well because I don‘t think we can really afford to get suspended again. I‘m so excited. Are you???! E-mail or call me as soon as possible.

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:30) Alex replies Rosie‘s letter directly…

From: Alex To: Rosie

Subject: Re: Boston here I come!

This is brilliant news! I can‘t wait to see you too! Harvard isn‘t too far away from BC (well in comparison to being a whole ocean apart—can you believe Harvard accepted me? It must be the intellects‘ idea of a hilarious joke). I‘m too excited to type, just get over here! When are you coming?

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:30)

But sadly, Rosie becomes pregnant because when high school graduation party, Greg and Rosie got a private room. They had sex but due to Greg's inexperience, the condom comes off and gets stuck inside Rosie. These conditions turned out to bring Rosie at the beginning of the ground up. And Alex is so worry about Rosie, why Rosie does not come to Boston as he thinks.

From: Alex To: Rosie

Subject: You‘re not coming to Boston??

My mum told me today that you‘re not coming to Boston. Please tell me what‘s happening. I‘m so worried. Did I do something wrong? Was it because I missed the debs? Because you know I am so so sorry about that but they just couldn‘t get me on another flight. You know that. I am always here for you when you need

me. Whatever it is Rosie please no that I will understand and will always be here to help you. Please let me no what is happening, I‘m going out of my mind here. If you don‘t get in touch with me, I‘m booking a flight back to Ireland and I‘m going to see you myself.

Love, Alex (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:40)

All the plans that have been created by Rosie destroyed in an instant because of her pregnancy. Seat of Boston College she left, plans to meet with Alex in America have vanished. Rosie gives birth to a baby girl, whom she names Katie, and decides not to give her up for adoption despite prior plans. Rosie raises Katie as a single mother. Rosie must take care of herself and her baby alone with his parents because Brian chooses to leave the city, leaving Rosie, and leaving their babies. Rosie can no longer live like other 18 years old girl.

Rosie tells her sadness in a letter to Alex: Alex,

It was good to see you again. Please don‘t be a stranger. I‘m really going to need all the friends I can get right now. Thank you for being so supportive last week, I honestly think I will go mad without you sometimes. I always give up, Alex. What have I ever had to do in my life that really needed to be done? I always had a choice, and I always took the easy way out—we always took the easy way out. At our age the burden of double maths on a Monday morning and finding a spot the size of Pluto on my nose was as complicated as it ever got for me.

This time round I‘m having a baby. A baby. And that baby will be around on the Monday, on the Tuesday, on the Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. I have no weekends off. No three-month holidays. I can‘t take a day off, call in sick, or get Mum to write a note. I am going to be the mum now. I wish I could write myself a note.

I‘m scared, Alex. Rosie (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:42)

The process in this type begins from a sense of affection to show care and attention for something better to show friendship or closeness. This process is released from passion, but it comes from consciousness that shows mutual caring, compassion, respect and concern for other people. In this story, Alex always there to support Rosie and makes Rosie be happy, even though they are on different country. He motivates Rosie so that Rosie being brave to live her life with Rosie‘s baby. It can be seen through Alex‘s letter to Rosie as follows:

From: Alex To: Rosie Subject: Baby talk

A baby will fill you with love and pride, make you laugh, make you cry, make you strong, and help you to be more independent. You will learn far more from this experience than a maths class. I am here for you for whenever you need me. Boston College can wait for you, Rosie, because you have far more important work to do now. I know you will be just fine.

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:43)

Rosie trusts Alex to be godfather to his daughter, Katie. In contrast to Rosie‘s struggle that must protect her baby and looking for a job so that she can be independent and does not bother her parents.

Alex studies at Harvard University well, and has planned to engage with a friend in college, Sally. Sometimes Rosie feels jealous of Alex's life and imagine what would happen if she could fly to America and studies at Boston University. Something happen when Rosie decides to leave all of her sadness in Dublin for a

while and visit Alex in America. After they meet together, Rosie kissed Alex. Rosie knows the person who being kissed by her is her best friend. But Rosie feels something different when a silence, a silence that feels very reasonable ambush them. Rosie did not know what happened to her, but she does not regret having done it. Rosie begins to fall in love with Alex, but Alex considers that happen to him and Rosie is wrong, because they are best friends. Moreover, Alex also has a fiance. Rosie comes back to Ireland with a broken heart.

Alex married with Sally and Rosie appoint her as the best woman in marriage. They were both standing at the altar, but they didn‘t united. In Alex and Sally marriage, actually Rosie feels so jealous, but Rosie says:

Now Alex has that life and I‘m so proud of him. I‘m so happy that he‘s found his best woman and his best friend in perfect little brainy and annoying Sally.

I ask you all to raise your glasses and toast my best friend Alex and his new best friend, best woman, and wife, Sally, and to wish them luck and happiness and divorce in the future.

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:73)

Rosie begins to forget her feelings to Alex, and then she married with a man named Greg. Alex and Sally were invited on Rosie‘s wedding. And here the invitation of Rosie and Greg‘s wedding:

To Alex, Sally, DENNIS & ALICE DUNNE

Proudly invite you to the marriage of their beloved daughter

ROSIE TO GREG COLLINS On April 8th of this year. (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:117)

This time, Rosie pointed Alex as his best-man. Once again, they stand at the altar, but they were not united. Actually, Alex can‘t hide his sad feeling especially when Rosie married with Greg. Finally Alex realized it was jealousy he felt at Rosie‘s wedding, he finally realized he and Rosie were made for each other! He thinks that Rosie also had same feelings when his wedding day.

Dear Rosie,

I got the oddest feeling when you turned your back to me to walk down the aisle with Greg. It was a pang of jealousy. Is that normal? Did you get that feeling on my wedding day, or am I going completely crazy? I just kept thinking over and over in my head, ―Everything is going to change now, everything is going to change.‖ Greg is the man for you, now he gets to hear all your secrets, and where does that leave me? It was a weird feeling, Rosie, one that eventually passed but one that was present all the same.

I didn‘t dare talk about it to anyone, especially Sally, because then she would be only too delighted to think that her little theory of men and women being unable to be ―just friends‖ was correct. It‘s not like I was jealous because I wanted to be your husband, it was just . . . Oh I don‘t know how to explain it. I suppose I just felt left out, that‘s all.

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:119)

Rosie starts a new life that is happy with Greg and Katie. She has realized that Katie and Alex are a team and if they can‘t love them both, then they can get lost. But this time for Alex is being unlucky. After his marriage with Sally, the intensity of meeting Alex and Sally become dwindle because of their busy respectively. Alex and Sally decide to divorce.

Rosie has just begin to compose his life from the beginning, her heart hurts back when she knows Greg has an affair with another woman. They almost divorce, but Rosie tries to forgive him and live her life, although Rosie can‘t stop

his disappointment. Then Alex sends her a letter saying that she deserves better and he believes he can be better man. He expresses his deep feelings to Rosie. It can be seen as follows:

Rosie,

…I can see the sadness in your eyes. I no that Greg isn‘t away working for the weekend. You never could lie to me; you were always terrible at it. He is the luckiest man in the world to have you, Rosie.

I no what that feeling was at your wedding—it was jealousy. My heart broke when I saw the woman I love turning away from me to walk down the aisle with another man, another man she planned to spend the rest of her life with. Years ahead without me being able to tell you how I feel or hold you how I wanted to. Twice we stood beside each other at the altar, Rosie. Twice. And twice we got it wrong. I needed you to be there for my wedding day but I was too stupid to see that I needed you to be the reason for my wedding day. But we got it all wrong. Give me a chance to make them up to you. I love you, Rosie, and I want to be with you and Katie and Josh.

Always.

Please think about it. Don‘t waste your time on Greg, this is our opportunity. Let‘s stop being afraid and take the chance. I promise I‘ll make you happy.

All my love, Alex

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:136)

Unfortunately for Alex, the letter never gets to Rosie‘s hands. Greg intercepts the letter and hides it from Rosie, and Alex was too scared to tell Rosie directly about his feelings. So, Rosie doesn‘t know what Alex feels to her. Greg ruined everything. Everything! Rosie is back with Greg and Alex begins to accept what will happen. For the second time, Alex is married to a woman named Bethany, his ex-girlfriend in high school, a woman who also hated by Rosie.

Good fortune seems never comes to Rosie. Greg repeats his wrong action, he has booked the bridal suite, assuming it is for their anniversary however after receiving a call from him saying that he will not be home, Rosie realizes he is cheating. And this time for Rosie, it is enough to survive with Greg. They finally divorce. Rosie is back to work hard to support herself and Katie. Rosie learned to be a strong woman, a strong mother for her daughter. Years, with a very different life, Alex and Rosie never disconnect. Their friendship became stronger as the problems in their lives become complicated. Rosie is being worrying when Katie starts growing adolescent. Katie afraid she will suffer the same fate with her. But Katie convinces Rosie that she will not disappoint Rosie.

Rosie now starts her life back, little by little. Trying to get what is appropriate for her, and grab what was taken away from her before. While Alex, his marriage is being unwell. Alex and Bethany have divorced.

4.1.2 Interpersonal Attraction

Interpersonal attraction is the attraction between people which leads to friendships and romantic relationships. Interpersonal attraction, the process, is distinct from perceptions of physical attractiveness which involves views of what is and is not considered beautiful or attractive. An intense attraction involving trust, belief, pleasure, and reward activities within the brain. In this process, the people enjoy receiving confirmation of every aspect of his or her life, ideas, admiration, attitudes and personal characteristics and it seems that people are looking for an image of themselves to spend their life with. It‘s the powerful moment when we meet another person and feel energized and are immediately aware of our heart

pounding. Because falling in love is associated with increased energy, narrowing of mental focus.

After Alex have divorced with Bethany, then Alex wants to meet with Rosie. The initial stages of falling for someone activates the stress response, increasing blood levels of adrenalin. This has the charming effect that when people unexpectedly bump into new love that start to sweat.

It can be seen as follows: Dear Rosie,

I just wanted to know if everything between us is OK? You‘ve been sounding a little, well, odd on the phone lately. Bethany starts a fight with me. I have to go now but I wanted to make sure things were OK between us.

The brochure for the B&B looks fantastic! I wish you well with it Rosie, you deserve the best!

Love, Alex

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:416)

4.1.3 Intimacy

A relationship becomes more intimate when processes of exchanging rewards and self-disclosure continues smoothly after admiration and respect through affection and an intense attraction process has done. Intimacy takes time to develop and a person who is not willing to allow for time for an intimate relationship to occur will not be able to develop that kind of relationship. When transforming to a close relationship, the nature of exchange rewards and the type of rewards change, and people become cognitively, behaviorally, and affectively independent.

Rosie starts up her own hotel and is pleasantly surprised when Alex arrives there. Alex tells Rosie that he has 'no baggage' and that he is no longer with Bethany. Then he proceeds to tell her about a dream he had (his weird dreams being shared throughout the story, such as become the tip of an arrow, which no-one understands but Rosie) that both of them become together. So, Alex dares to fight for Rosie so that they will be back together.

My dear Rosie,

I‘ll get straight to the point because if I don‘t say what I have to say now, I fear it will never be said. And I need to say it.

Today I love you more than ever; tomorrow I will love you even more. I need you more than ever; I want you more than ever. I‘m a man, feeling like a teenager in love, asking you to give me a chance and love me back.

Rosie Dunne I love you with all my heart, I have always loved you even when I was seven years old and lied about falling asleep on Santa watch, when I was ten years old and didn‘t invite you to my birthday party, when I was eighteen and had to move away, even on my wedding days, on your wedding day, on christenings, birthdays, and when we fought. I loved you through it all. Make me the happiest man on this earth by being with me.

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:428)

When two people get together to actively involve themselves with each other, probably saying very little to each other, not sharing any thoughts or many feelings, but being involved in mutual activities with one another. Rosie is so surprised, so do Alex. Their feelings are so strong and wonderful. They feel true happiness inside and that there is nothing to fear. Intimacy generally refers to the feeling of being in a close personal association and belonging together. Their relationship in this process involve feelings of loving each other, romance, physical or sexual attraction, sexual relationships, emotional and personal support between

the members. Finally, they share a kiss and the camera pans out to show the hotel Rosie now owns.

This time, nothing that obstructs Alex and Rosie to unite. This time, no one of them holding each other's feelings, because this time they know, they're more than a pair of best friend. They are soulmate.

4.2 Kind of Love found in Cecelia Ahern’s Novel Love, Rosie

Based on the process of love above, the writer would like to discuss about the kind of love found in Cecelia Ahern‘s novel Love, Rosie. The kind of love is storge love. Storge love means care or affection to pay attention for something better or to show friendship or closeness, it comes from consciousness that shows mutual caring, compassion, respect and concern.

Alex sends email to his best friend, Rosie. He missed Rosie because they haven‘t called together for a long time. Alex shows his attention to his best friend. It can be seen as follows:

“Hey Buttercup, you OK? (Haven’t called you that for a long time!) I haven’t heard or seen you in a while. I’m sending you this e-mail because every time I call by your house, you’re either in the bath or not there! Should I begin to take this personally??! But knowing you, if you had a problem with me you wouldn’t be too shy to let me know all about it!”

When Alex must move from Dublin to Boston, he is so sad because he will be separated with his best friend, Alex. They always spend time together in Dublin. Alex doesn‘t want to leave Rosie, and tells his problems to his best friend.

It can be seen as follows:

“Oh Rosie, I’m so pissed off. I don’t want to go. I only have a year left in school; this is such the wrong time to leave. I don’t want to go to a stupid American high school or whatever it is they call it. I don’t want to leave you. I’ll call you later and we can talk about it. We have to think of a way that I can stay. This is really bad, Rosie.”

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:25)

Alex gets worry about Rosie‘s condition so much, because Rosie did not reply his e-mail, so Alex sends a letter to Rosie‘s mother.

It can be seen as follows: “Mrs. Dunne,

Hi Alice, it’s Alex here. I’m just writing to see if Rosie’s OK. I haven’t heard from her and I was getting a bit worried to tell you the truth. It’s unusual for me to not hear from her in so long. Every time I call the house it just goes onto answering machine, are you all getting my messages? Maybe you’ve all gone away? Please let me know if everything is OK and tell Rosie to call.

Best wishes, Alex.” (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:39)

Storge love means care or affection to pay attention for something better or to show friendship or closeness, it comes from consciousness that shows mutual caring, compassion, respect and concern. Here Alex is so worried to Rosie.

“From: Alex To: Rosie

Subject: You’re not coming to Boston??

My mum told me today that you’re not coming to Boston. Please tell me what’s happening. I’m so worried. Did I do something wrong? Was it because I missed the debs? Because you know I am so so sorry about that but they just couldn’t get me on another flight.”

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:40)

Even when Rosie is being pregnant and become a single mother, Alex still keeps his care and motivates Rosie as his best friend so that Rosie keeps spirit. It can be seen as follows:

“It was great to see you, you look amazing! And you are NOT fat! Little Katie was a girl of few words but I am besotted with her. I almost felt like stealing her and bringing her back over to Boston.”

(Cecelia Ahern, 2005:46)

Alex expresses his uncomfortable and his sad feeling to his best friend. He wants to be his best friend in Dublin. He feels Dublin is home and his best friend, Rosie is his happiness.

It can be seen as follows:

“In fact that’s a lie, I really felt like staying in Dublin. I almost didn’t get back on that flight. I love it here in Boston and I love studying medicine. But it’s not home. Dublin is home. Being back with you felt like home. I miss my best friend.”

Commonly, the word storge is referred to parental affection. This type of love is more emotional rather than sexual or biological need. It sounds to show care or affection to pay attention for something better. It can be seen through Rosie‘s note to herself so that her little daughter will be better and comfort. She also concerns to her child, as follows:

“Note to self:

Do not bounce Katie on knee after feeding. Do not breast feed beside football pitch.

Do not inhale when changing nappy. In fact allow Mum and Dad or even random strangers to change nappy as often as possible if they so wish.

Do not push buggy by old school for Ms. Big Nose Smelly Breath Casey to see.

Do not laugh when Katie falls on her bum after attempting to walk.

Do not try to have conversation with old friends from school with whole lives ahead of them, as this will result in huge frustration.

Stop crying when Katie cries.” (Cecelia Ahern, 2005:47)

Alex expresses his respect and concern to his best friend because he knows her husband doesn‘t make her happy. Alex is angry to Rosie but shows his care to his best friend. He wants to see her, happy.

It can be seen as follows:

“Sometimes I just get so frustrated watching your life but I no I can’t control it for you. You have to make the decisions. I wasn’t angry at you at all; I was just disappointed for you. I want to see you happy all the time and I new that what’s-his-name wasn’t making you happy.“

Alex cares about Rosie so much. He gives affection and pay attention for something better to his best friend. It comes from consciousness that shows mutual caring, compassion, respect and concern.

It can be seen through Rosie and Alex‘s conversations, as follows:

“I have a feeling that’s what was in your letter Alex but don’t worry about me. I’m fine. Thank you, thank you, thank you, for caring about me so much. There aren’t enough friends like you in the world. “

Rosie.

“And that’s all I wanted. For you to be happy.” Alex.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

After analyzing and creating the criticism, the researcher comes to this part which consists of conclusion and suggestion. The conclusion is drawn based on the research problem or the result of analysis. The suggestion is given for everyone who is interested in this study and for the next researchers.

5.1 Conclusion

Love is a strong affection or deep concern for another person. Love can be communicated in many different ways. It can be expressed through words, touch or other actions that show admiration and concern. Love often grows with time. The eyes see and send a message to the brain. The brain in turn, alerts the heart and the heart responds in increased heartbeat. That is the process of love in addition when they often spend time together.

In the novel Love, Rosie by Cecelia Ahern, the process of love is conveyed by a sense of affection, attraction, and leads into an intimacy. Affection begins from a sense of affection to show care and pay attention for something better between humans. In attraction process, the people enjoy receiving confirmation of every aspect of his or her life within the brain, and it seems that people are looking for an image of themselves to spend their life with. The initial stages of falling for someone activates our stress response, increasing blood levels of adrenalin. Then relationship become more intimate when processes of exchanging rewards and

self-disclosure continue smoothly after admiration and respect through affection and an intense attraction process has done.

Based on the process of love portrayed in Cecelia Ahern‘s novel Love, Rosie above, it can concluded that the kind of love in the novel is storge love. Storge love means care or affection to pay attention for something better or to show friendship or closeness. It can be seen through the main characters in the novel that shows mutual caring, compassion, respect, and concern.

It‘s never too late to fall for a mate, because choosing the person that you want to share your life with, is one of the most important decisions for all of us. Because when it‘s wrong, it turns your life to grey. And sometimes you don‘t even notice until you wake up one morning and realize years have gone by.

5.2 Suggestion

By analyzing this novel, the writer would like to give some suggestions for the readers. The writer expects that this thesis will make the readers can understand more about the process of love in Love, Rosie and the readers are interested in reading this novel.

The writer also expects that the readers will love their lover just the way they are. The writer means we should accept our lover‘s strength and weakness. It is very important because if we only love their strength so we will be difficult to love them wholly when we find a weakness since nobody is perfect. Beside it, our ignorance for our lover‘s weakness can make them sad and suffer.

The writer realizes that this thesis is far from perfection and still has many weaknesses and mistakes. Therefore the writer suggests the readers interested in analyzing the process about love used in a novel will do further research. In this case, the writer will receive any constructive criticism to develop this writing. The writer wants to convey the positive message from this novel to the readers. Better late than never, it‘s never too late to fall for a mate. There's nothing you can't do if you put your mind to it. So keep chasing those dreams.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In doing an analysis, it is important for reviews or theories that are related to the subject of discussion to support the study.

2.1 Sociology of Literature

Sociology of literature is derived from two kinds of knowledge that are related to each other: sociology and literature. Roberts and Jacobs in Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing (1993: 1) states that literature refers to compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, analyze and advocate ideas. In the other words, in a literary work contains many human‘s experience which made in the beautiful arrangement of words. Base on that, literature is not only entertaining people but also leads human to learn some new ideas, situation, or emotional expression as their knowledge and unconsciously reflected in daily life.

Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in their book entitled Theory of Literature (1977) gives explanations about the definition of literature, and its relation to sociology. Wellek (1977:89) said that literature is a social institution, using as its medium language, a social creation. It ―imitates‖ ―life‖; and ―life‖ is, in large measure, a social reality, even though the natural world and the inner or subjective world of the individual have also been objects of literary "imitation. "In practice, literature can obviously take the place of many things—of travel or

the historian as a social document. Much the most common approach to the relations of literature and society is the study of works of literature as social documents, as assumed pictures of social reality. Used as a social document, literature can be made to yield the outlines of social history (Wellek 1977:98-99).

Elizabeth Burns and Tom Burns in their book entitled Sociology of literature and drama: selected readings (1973) give the explanation of sociology of literature and its relations to literary works such as novel. This is a compilation of several experts‘ journals who explain the relationship of literature to sociology which means dealing with the society. Burns (1973:9) says, ―Literature is an attempt to make sense of our lives. Sociology is an attempt to make sense of the ways in which we live our lives.‖ Lenvin in Burns (1973:31) says, ―Literature is not only the effect of social causes but also the cause of social effects. Burns also said that sociology is a critical activity which its purpose is to achieve an understanding of social behavior and social institutions which is different from that current among the people through whose conduct the institutions exist.

Novel is one of many ways to share the ideas, opinion, or feeling through literary work. Taine in Burns (1973:66) said that the novel as ―a kind of portable mirror which can be conveyed everywhere, and which is most convenient for reflecting all aspects of nature and life‖. This statement can be accepted because it is true that novel can be taken anywhere and shared to everyone. It contains and also portrays all aspects of nature and life, such as society in a certain time as Reeve in Wellek (1977:223) says, ―The Novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time which is written.‖

Novel has a close relationship to society and also history. Novels often represent the era or period when they are written. Zeraffa in Burns (1973:35) said that novel derive more closely from social phenomena than do those of other arts, novels often seem bound up with particular moments in the history of society. He also added that the novel is directly concerned with the nature of our situation in history, and with the direction in which that situation is to move. The novel‘s emergence as an art form affirms, essentially, that there was no society without history, nor history without society. The novel is the first art to represent man explicitly as defined historically and socially (Zeraffa in Burns 1977:38-39). 2.2 The Definition of Love

Mifflin (1987: 80) defines that love is a strong affection or deep concern for another person. Love can be communicated in many different ways. It is expressed through words, for example, or through touch or other actions that show admiration and concern. Love often grows with time. The ability to love is one of the most pleasurable parts of living. Wikipedia states that:

Love is a basic dimension of human experience that is variously conveyed as a sense of tender affection, an intense attraction, the foundation of intimacy and good interpersonal chemistry, willing self-sacrifice on behalf of another, and as an ineffable sense of affinity or connection to nature, other living beings, or even that which is unseen.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love)

influences, underlies and defines major patterns in interpersonal relationships and self-identification. Love originates from heart and mind. It transforms people into the kind of person whom retrieves the love from other such as mother, father, or friend. Our mind retrieves everything we have ever felt, seen, or tried, or done. Then the mind retrieves all of these things and when we fill sad, our mind places it in heart, happy or mad. Our mind is our control.

The eyes see and send a message to the brain. The brain in turn, alerts the heart and the heart responds in increased heartbeat. That is the process of love. This is physical. In addition love is conveyed as a sense of tender affection. It denotes a feeling or type of love, amounting to more than goodwill or friendship. Affection can be communicated by words, gestures, or touches. Affectionate behavior may have evolved from parental nurturing behavior due to its associations with hormonal rewards. Beside that, there is the foundation of intimacy in the process of love. Physical intimacy is characterized by romantic or passionate attachment or sexual activity. Intimacy generally refers to the feeling of being in a close personal association and belonging together. It is a familiar and very close affective connection with another as a result of a bond that is formed through knowledge and experience of the other. Genuine intimacy in human relationships requires dialogue, transparency, vulnerability, and reciprocity.

Love might be the conceptualized as an attachment-formation process. Hazan and Shaver (1987:9) state ―love is the attachment system in human undergoes modification during the course of adolescence, so that its original objects, the parents are relinquished, and the individual is able to integrate new objects, new attachment figures.‖ The attachment system is just one among a

number of interrelated behavioral system which include exploration, care giving, sexual mating and affiliation.

Love is inherent in all human cultures. It is precisely these cultural differences that make any universal definition of love difficult to establish. Expressions of love may include the love for a soul or mind, the love of laws and organizations, love for a body, love for nature, love for food, love for money, love for learning, love of power, love of fame, love for respect of others, and etc. Harry Harlow (1958:324) studies love focusing on the factors important to the development of social attachment. Harlow defines love as ―an affectional feeling for others‖. Love is more than a feeling. It is also a motivational force that compels us to do an action. The experience of love is unique for every person, and one might use that feeling to measure the success of a relationship.

2.2.1 Types of Love

The word love maybe differs from time to time and it depends on individual to imply accordingly one‘s motive. It seems undeniable for some to verify love is the same as like or vice versa. But, the words are closely connected, though they are different in meaning. To like means a broad range of positive feelings towards another person, and to love means a deep range of feelings of possessiveness.

Within the implied meaning of the word itself consists a lot of demands and consistencies. These are wrapped well in thematic expression of what content love is. Devito (1985: 190) clarifies the thematic characters of love such as

openness, or mutual expression of personal identity. Of what is inherent in the love implication has been referred to genuine regard and sincere concern for intimacy and relationship.

Arthur (1986: 64) groups pure love into one kinds or types of love besides ludus, storge, manic, pragmatic, eros, and agapic. These types of love are made different from the intention of love itself. In other words, the classification seems to identify the certain goal of love implication; of how the love is implemented in order to reach the achievement.

2.2.1.1 Pure Love

The sense of pure love, as the word suggests, is plain, honest and as white as the paper. The process in pure love begins of tender affection between family members, friends, even couples, it is motivated by consideration to other persons with great attention foe the sake of integrity. The eyes see and send a message to the brain. The brain in turn, alerts the heart and the heart responds in increased heartbeat. That is the process of love in this type.

Devito (1985: 199) implies that pure love is directed to achieve joy and happiness. The feeling of joy has imprisoned someone to keep the sense of love in appropriate implication. He or she senses the pure love into selfish framework as if there were no higher value than what love is. It is commonly accepted to define pure love for being ready to sacrifice. To have good example is the sacrifice of Romeo and Juliet, the world has known in Shakespeare‘s play ―Romeo and Juliet‖. They become icon of the world that represents the pure love meaning. For both of

them love is more precious than the death itself. Thus, the sense of pure love is related with consequence of being ready sacrifice.

There are so many interpretations to define of pure love as its own characteristics. It covers not only the sense of honesty and sacrifice but also neglecting of material satisfaction. It is the love itself that fulfills satisfaction beyond the hopes. In reference to this, pure love is meant to the most powerful energy that cannot be stopped by any hindrances. It will not be vanished by the running time as long as the meaning of pure love has been understood and implied as the way it is.

As what the meaning of love is different from one person to another one, it is pure love as an ideal conception or type of love, especially for lovers. Yet, the key point of it is the obvious goal to mean the love. For some people the love experience could be a weapon which is ready to kill, but as sweet as sugar for the rest. It could be as bitter as black coffee, but as peaceful as the stream of the river. Beyond all, pure love is the dream of everybody in order to mean what love is in the broadest terms.

2.2.1.2 Agapic Love

The kind of agapic love is spiritual rather than emotional. Agape is a manifestation of religious values the people believe in. it is a compassionate love or an ego-less expression or self-giving love. Devito (1985: 203) construes the sense of agape as something valuable and virtuous. It is practically done to reach the true relationship among individuals or people with no concern for any kind of personal

reward in return. It is derived from the mercy of God in which man should love one another without any differences.

Agape is the application of religious values towards humanity. That is why agapic love sounds altruistic which means to advance others than oneself. It is truly an embodiment of the highest ideal dream of rising sense of humanity up beyond the limit. In other words, the implication of agape is transcendent which is far way from rational or logical understanding. In the history of universe of the twentieth century the name of Mother Theresa is still fresh remembered. She has dedicated herself for the poor in India though she is Yugo slav in birth. She helps the people without looking the status, the religious background, or even nationality. In her dream, the poor are needed attention of love without any discrimination. Such as expression of love as what has been shown by Mother Theresa is an agapic love.

In general conception, the true sense of agapic love is realization of the religious values in practice. It has nothing to do with reciprocal award, but it means to impress the beloved in agapic sense. Therefore, the process of agape love begins from an affection as an embodiment of love with strong willingness to maintain sense of humanity without having attention to grasp self-advantage without looking status or background. It is purely implied to express the love immaterially.

2.2.1.3 Ludus Love

The word ‗ludus‘ derives from Latin which means play, and the adjective word ‗ludic‘ means playful, to quote Ramson (1989: 848). Through this kind of explanation, it can be traced that ludic love is experienced as a game. The process in ludus love begins from generic pleasure to intense interpersonal

attraction. Then it tries to satisfy his or her own pleasure. Its final goal of the process is to find out pleasure by playing love as a kind of play thing. The more skillful one plays the love, the more he or she finds the meaning of ludic love to play.

Ludic lover realizes that he or she is the actor or actress of the love. He or she controls the love and each of them is the player and they will not let the love control them in return. It is a temporary pleasure to name love as something beautiful to experience. In short, ludic love does not consider consequence of love to own or disown. It happens so because the target of love is to find out pleasant thing given by the love. More than what expected, ludic lover tries to satisfy his or her own pleasure to limit his or her behavior. What is done has been oriented to love pleasure with consistency to play with it. There is no sense of being hurt when love breaks in the middle of love situation. Ludic lover has already known that love is for fun, and it is tasted not to be regretted. The ludic lover is trapped in the frame of mind that every ludic lover is winner over love. Thus, it is only for fun and nothing is more than what it may give.

2.2.1.4 Storge Love

Commonly, the word storge is referred to parental affection. This type love is more emotional rather than sexual or biological need. The process in this type begins from a sense of affection to show care or affection to pay attention for something better or to show friendship or closeness. When affectionate greeting such as ‗I love you‘ addressed by a grandson to his grandfather does not mean to love in the sense of sexual need. It is more sociable to denote expectancy of respect

The storge love process is released from passion, but it comes from consciousness that shows mutual caring, compassion, respect and concern for other people. It is a reflection of individual linkage that every man needs one another sociably. It is not an expression of intensive feeling to own physically. Thus, the storge lover dreams unity based on respect and mutual understanding to share what love may share for betterment of human sense. There is a consequence when storge love does not follow the standard values shared morally. It tends to be disappointed when storge love has not come to what has been regarded as right morally. Because of that the storge love must be based on communal agreements which are related to right or wrong conception. When this does not work appropriately there will be great disappointment that can break the mutual understanding into pieces. Not rarely do parents and their children live in separation when this storge love does not work well.

2.2.1.5 Eros Love

The true hedonistic love or love that the process begins for pleasure physically is eros. It is conveyed as a sense of affinity and generic pleasure that focused on his or her own self-satisfaction. Then it is attached in physical attraction that pertains to sexual love. As the adjective word ‗erotic‘ means naked or transparent, eros is attached to body performance that gives a response for affection. Thus, it refers to beauty and physical attractiveness and finds out self-satisfaction for having relationship.

Morally and religiously, erotic love is contradictory and supposed to be sinful. It is breaking the border of religious principles for it tends to worldly satisfaction. Erotic lover places the feeling of pleasure given by love instead of

moral consequence. The earthly pleasure offered by erotic love is more important than what the religion may give. So, the eros sounds to break what the people think right to do. In this modern world with globalization characteristics, the erotic love is regarded natural. It happens because the tendency to have worldly pleasure is rampant. Let alone, the economic problem that happens globally has great impact to the change of social behavior especially for young people. That is why erotic is the best alternative way to find pleasure both physically and materially.

Eros is an ego-centered love that is dominantly focused on his or her own self-satisfaction. Eros lover will feel satisfied when love is paid back with love physically. Simply to say, eros lover will feel disappointed to realize that the body is not perfect to be loved. Thus, erotic love is body-oriented passion in which it is a guaranteeing passion to show love with whom. Simply to say, what is right morally and religiously of love will be contradictory with eros lover.

2.2.1.6 Manic Love

The word ‗manic‘ is addressed to a process which affected by mania. Ramson (1989: 868) defines mania as a mental illness characterized by euphoria, an excessive or unreasonable desire. Mania is an abnormal and obsessive desire or inclination, or more loosely, an extreme enthusiasm, for specified thing. From this simple understanding, it can be summarized that manic love is accepted as something deviant or unique way of defining sense. It is true that deviant or unique implication of manic lover is the feeling of loosing love is much greater than keeping it. Manic love implies to love one completely and totally in the situation of

consequence, the process of manic love is the acceptance of obsessive orientation by chaining another to get his or her freedom.

Manic lover gets his or her pleasure if she or he owns totally whom he or she loves. There is no way out to escape from getting pleasure from the other except on the way the manic lover wants to. At glance, it is so natural to love what one wants to love completely. Yet, negative impact of manic love is the restriction of being free to make friendship. The impact will be fatal if there is no settlement for controlling manic love. As the name means manic love turns to be destructive when he or she fails to control his or her passion.

2.2.1.7 Pragmatic Love

Pragmatic love relates to affairs of state; relating to concern more for matters of fact than for theories. Pragmatic lover always looks at love positively by fulfilling the needs of love. It tends to observe practical intention of love and it always tries to find out reasons why love fails to end truly. Simply to say, the pragmatic love sounds the logical reason of what love is.

A common axiom that ‗love is blind‘ does not give impression to pragmatic lover. There is a tendency to materialize that must see in order not to regret later on. In its process, pragmatic lover plays the mind first and then comes the feeling then pragmatic love seems to look at final case in which love must be beneficial than disadvantageous. The final process is based on logical perception that love sense is not to get suffer or pain but it gives satisfaction. Of what is identified in pragmatic love is the pragmatic intention. In other sense, pragmatic love is like gambling in business. There is a time to get lose but there is also a time

to reach success. Thus, pragmatic love is like mathematics to the risk of love at one side and the properness of love at the other side.

2.3 The Definition of Character

Stanford (2003:38) says, ―Character is the fictional people who are part of the action of a literary work.‖ Character is a person who knows through a figure and personality in this story, there are six characters that the most important parts, they are Rosie, Alex, Bethany, Sally, Greg and Kathie.

If we want to study the roles of character in novel, it is important for us to know the definition of the character itself. Barnet Kottler says, ― Character, of course, has two meanings: (1) a figure in a literary work, such as; Hamlet, or Holden Gaulfield, and (2) personality, that is, the mental and moral qualities of a figure, as when we say what X‘s character is strong, or weak, or immoral, or whatever.‖ (1983: 71)

A novelist employs human characters to embody his or her imagination and idea. So that, story seems alive, realistic, and interesting. To make a story realistic, the author creates and employs his character in imitation of the real word in which we live. He shapes his characters like real human beings who inhabit in the world. Edgar V. Roberts says ―A character, then, is presumably an imagined person who inhabits a story.‖ (1995: 45)

But, we can also find certain novels feature characters that sometimes act without any apparent reason or characters that never change or develop.

As Kennedy says:

―In novel, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of human being. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray characters that are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.‖ (1983:131)

2.3.1 The Types of Character

The British novelist and critic E. M. Forster, in his critical work Aspects of the Novel says that there are two major types of character, they are: round character and flat character.

2.3.1.1 Round Characters

The basic trait of round characters in that they recognize, change with, or adjust to circumstances. The round characters usually the major figure in a story profits from experience and undergoes a change and alternations, which may be shown in (1) an action or actions, (2) the realization of new strength ad therefore the affirmation of previous decisions, (3) the acceptance of a new condition, or (4) the discovery of unrecognized truths.

Because round they usually play a major role in a story, round characters are often called the hero or heroin. Many major characters are anything but heroic, however, and it is therefore preferable to use the more neutral word protagonist. The protagonist is central to the action, moves against an antagonist, and exhibits the ability to adapt to new circumstance. To the degree that round characters are both individual and sometimes unpredictable, and because they undergo changer or

growth, they are dynamic. The round characters also known as the major characters because they play a major role in a story of novel.

2.3.1.2 Flat Characters

In contrast, flat characters do not grow. They remain the same because they may be stupid or insensitive or lacking in knowledge or insight. They are static because they end where they begin. But flat characters are not therefore worthless, for they usually highlight the development of the round characters. Usually, flat characters are minor (e.g., relatives, acquaintances, functionaries), although not all-minor character is necessary flat.

Sometimes flat characters are prominent in certain types of literature, such cowboy, police, and detective stories, where the focus is less on character than on performance. These kinds of characters might be lively and engaging, even though they do not develop or change. They must be strong and clever enough to perform recurring tasks like solving a crime, overcoming a villain, or finding a treasure.

2.4 Postmodernism

Postmodernism is a rejection of totality, of the notion that planning could be comprehensive widely applied regardless of context, and rational. In this sense, postmodernism is a rejection of its predecessor: modernism. Postmodernist ideas in philosophy and the analysis of culture and society expanded the importance of critical theory and has been the point of departure for works of literature, architecture, and design, as well as being visible in marketing/business and the

developments re-evaluation of the entire Western value system such as love, marriage, popular culture, shift from industrial to service economy that took place since the 1950s and 1960s, are described with the term Postmodernity, as opposed to Postmodernism, a term referring to an opinion or movement.

Postmodernism has also been used interchangeably with the term post-structuralism out of which postmodernism grew, a proper understanding of postmodernism or doing justice to the postmodernist thought demands an understanding of the poststructuralist movement and the ideas of its advocates. Postmodernist describes part of a movement; Postmodern places it in the period of time since the 1950s, making it a part of contemporary history. According to Antoni Gidden (2012), “Postmodernisme adalah sebuah estetika, sastra, politik atau filsafat sosial, yang merupakan dasar dari upaya untuk menggambarkan suatu kondisi, atau suatu keadaan.” (Postmodernism is an aesthetic, literary, political or social philosophy, which is the basis of an attempt to describe a condition, or a situation). In this study, the writer uses Postmodernism theory, especially about the problems of love which then appear into a postmodern position in its views about love. This is which appear the characteristics into the postmodern love story itself, later. Those characteristics about friendship who love each other, miss communication, fear of relationships experienced by modern people. All of them clearly in the story and the dialogue between the leading character. This is also reinforces the postmodern position in its views about love, that love is not always mean beautiful, but can be significantly more than that with a complex relationship.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the study

This analysis deals with the problems of the process of love and type of love which exposed in Cecelia Ahern‘s novel Love, Rosie. Cecelia Ahern was born on September 30, 1981 in Dublin, Ireland. She is the daughter of the former Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern. On 14th December 2009 it was announced that Cecelia had given birth to her first child with partner David Keoghan, a girl named Robin. She was secretly married on 11 June 2010 in County Kildare, Ireland. Her older sister, Georgina Ahern is married to Nicky Byrne of Irish pop group Westlife. Cecelia was a member of the Irish pop group Shimma who finished third in the Irish national for the Eurovision Song Contest in 2000. She attended Griffith College Dublin and obtained a degree in Journalism and Media Communications. Cecelia Ahern wrote her first novel, PS. I Love You when she was twenty-one. It was published in 2004, the number 1 bestseller in Ireland for 19 weeks and sold in over forty countries. The book was adapted as a motion picture directed by Richard La Gravenese and starring Hilary Swank and Gerard Butler and released in 2007 in the United States. Her second book, Where Rainbows End (US title: Love, Rosie or Rosie Dunne) won the German CORINE Award in 2005.

Love is composed of a single soul in habiting two bodies (Aristotels). Love represents a range of human emotions and experiences related to the senses

feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure to intense interpersonal attraction. Harry Harlow (1958:32) defines that love is as an affectional feeling for others. Love is a commitment to find the meaning of life from two different human genders. In other words, love is not only a series of beautiful words but an expression of soul and emotion based on responsibility regardless of background, status and condition. Arthur (1986: 64) groups pure love into one kinds or types of love besides ludus, storge, manic, pragmatic, eros, and agapic. These types of love are made different from the intention of love itself. In other words, the classification seems to identify the certain goal of love implication; of how the love is implemented in order to reach the achievement.

Mifflin (1987: 80) defines that love is a strong affection or deep concern for another person. Love can be communicated in many different ways. It is expressed through words, for example, or through touch or other actions that show admiration and concern. Love often grows with time. The ability to love is one of the most pleasurable parts of living. All people have the ability to give love and need to receive it. Friendship is a simple example that human beings need in their lives. It is one form of love which link loyalty toward each other and shares interest and support. Such feelings and behavior are a form of love. The caring among parents, children, brothers and sisters is an implementation of love human beings may reciprocally. Yet, what love may give is the same as what love may take. It is equally implied for the benefit to mankind to link the feelings of equality and belongingness. However, if the implication of love is wrongly interpreted will tend to destroy the good side of friendship and togetherness that human beings eternally dream for.

vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the most sincere gratitude is addressed to the almightly Allah SWT and the prophet Muhammad SAW who always give me power, ability and blessed me in completing my study at English Department, Faculty of Cultural Study, University of Sumatra Utara, Medan.

I am also grateful to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatra Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, for giving all students facilities to support their study. The gratitude is also expressed to the Head of English Department Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and the Secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. for the easiness and the facilities given to me during my study. I am proud to be a student of this Department.

Thank you very much for my Supervisor, Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. and my Co-Supervisor, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. for the suggestions and assistance that given to me in completing this thesis. And also to my lecturers in the English Department for the knowledge that has been given to me during my study in English Department.

My best deepest appreciation and love are dedicated to my beloved father H. Armen Rangkuti and my beloved mother Hj. Roslaini Hasibuan, who always pray, support, and advice me with their love. Next for my sisters Rika Armen Rangkuti and Febri Armen Rangkuti, who always support me in all aspects to finished my gratitude although sometimes being annoying me.

And I would like to thank to all friends and people I met, Bunda Biring, Mimi Wak Kas, Ayak Nande, Mami Aide, Ima Cak, Ve Bohay, Dewi Sibolga, Evcis, Bang Inu, Vivi, Maya, Mizi Ahmad, Yasir, Faisal, Feby, Emak, Karina, IMSI and others friend that I can‘t mention one by one. Thanks for being peace and awesome.

Finally, I realize this thesis is still far from being perfect and I welcome constructive criticism and suggestion.

Medan, January 21st, 2016

The Writer,

Putri Rizkiyah Rangkuti

ix ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul The Process of Love Portrayed in Ceclia Ahern’s

Novel: Love, Rosie. Skripsi ini membahas tentang proses percintaan tokoh utama

(main characters) yang berawal dari persahabatan yang disampaikan melalui proses kasih sayang, daya tarik dan proses keintiman. Penulis ingin memberikan informasi mengenai proses cinta yang dituangkan dalam novel Love,Rosie kepada pembaca, dan untuk meingkatkan pemahaman mengenai teori Postmodernism. Proses hubungan percintaan diantara mereka menjadi hal utama ketertarikan penulis. Dalam mengerjakan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.

ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled The Process of Love portrayed in Cecelia Ahern's

novel: Love, Rosie. This thesis discusses about the process of love through the main

characters that begins with friendship which is conveyed as a sense of affection, intense attraction, and intimacy. The writer wants to give information about the process of love portrayed in the novel Love,Rosie for the readers, and to improve the understanding the theory of postmodernism. Process of love among them being the first thing on the author's interest. In analyzing this thesis, the writer uses qualitative descriptive method.

xi TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHORS DECLARATION ... V COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... VII ABSTRACT ... X TABLE OF CONTENTS ... XI CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study ... 6

1.3 Objective of the Study ... 6

1.4 Scope of the Study ... 6

1.5 Significance of the Study ... 6

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Sociology of Literature ... 7

2.2 The Definition of Love ... 9

2.2.1Types of Love ... 11

2.2.1.1 Pure Love ... 12

2.2.1.2 Agapic Love ... 13

2.2.1.3 Ludus Love ... 14

2.2.1.4 Storge Love ... 15

2.2.1.5Eros Love ... 16

2.2.1.6 Manic Love ... 17

2.2.1.7 Pragmatic Love ... 18

2.3 The Definition of Character ... 19

2.3.1.1Round Characters ... 20 2.3.1.2 Flat Characters ... 21 2.4 Postmodernism ... 21

CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design ... 23 3.2 Data Collection ... 25 3.3 Data Analysis ... 25

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Process of Love in Cecelia Ahern‘s Novel: Love, Rosie 26

4.1.1 Affection ... 26 4.1.2 Attraction ... 38 4.1.3 Intimacy ... 39 4.2 Kind of Love found in C. Ahern‘s Novel Love,Rosie ... 41

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ... 46 5.2 Suggestion ... 48

REFERENCES ... 49 APPENDICES

i. Bio

graphy of the Author

ii. Su