AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN NOVEL “MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA ” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO An Analysis Of English-Indonesian Translation In Novel “Memoirs Of A Geisha” By Arthur Golden Into “Memoirs Of A Geisha: Memoar Seorang Geisha” By Listiana
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN NOVEL
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA: MEMOAR SEORANG GEISHA”
BY LISTIANA SRISANTI
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
RESTUMARDI OKTAVIA
NIM : A. 320. 990. 171
NIRM : 99.6.106.13031.5.0171
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2004
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN NOVEL
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA: MEMOAR SEORANG GEISHA”
BY LISTIANA SRISANTI
Consultant approval
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dra. Dwi Hariyanti
Dra. Siti Khuzaimah
ii
ACCEPTANCE
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN NOVEL
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA: MEMOAR SEORANG GEISHA”
BY LISTIANA SRISANTI
By:
RESTUMARDI OKTAVIA
NIM : A. 320. 990. 171
NIRM : 99.6.106.13031.5.0171
Accepted by board of examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The team of examiners:
1. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Examiner I)
2. Dra. Siti Khuzaimah
(Examiner II)
3. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum
(Examiner III)
Dean,
(Drs. H. Bambang Sumardjoko, M.Pd)
NIP. 131 470 269
iii
MOTTO
Apa saja musibah yang menimpa kamu, maka
disebabkan oleh perbuatan tanganmu sendiri, dan
Allah SWT memaafkan sebagian besar (dari
kesalahan-kesalahanmu)
(Q.S. Asy-Syuura:30)
Tuhan
melihat
mempunyai
satupun,
seribu
kala
jalan
semua
dimana
caraku
aku
telah
tak
bisa
mencapai
ujungnya, baru pada saat itulah caraNya dimulai.
(Esther Euyut)
iv
DEDICATION
Affectionately dedicated to:
h
h
h
h
My beloved Eyang Uthi, thank for
motivation, praying never end
My beloved parents, the greatest
mother, keep rest in peace in the
shelter of Allah SWT
My sister and husband, thank
for allusion and motivation
The
big
family
of
Wignyo
Darmojo, thank you very much
v
ACNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
First and foremost, by getting down my knees, I want to say
“Alkhamdullilahirobil’alamin” as my grateful thanks to the owner of my soul,
Allah SWT, who has shown me, how good the taste of tears and taught me how to
smile in my pain in this life.
I may not able to finish this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the
requirements for bachelor Degree of Education in English without the help of
others. Therefore, I would like to express my thanks and gratitude to those who
have helped me. First, Mrs. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum as the first consultant
whose patient intensely heartens me to accomplish this thesis. Second,
Mrs. Dra. Siti Khuzaimah as the second consultant who has revived and
corrected precisely the my research paper. Third, Mr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd.,
M.Hum who has been patiently and kindly in giving guidance suggestions and
corrections until I can finish this research paper. Fourth, Drs. H. Bambang
Sumardjoko, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta for the approval to carry out the thesis.
Fifth, Dra. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum as the Head of English Department.
Seventh, Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum. as the academic consultant and all
lectures who have shared and given their knowledge to me in mastering English.
Then, I am going to give my thankful kisses for my best friends; Nurul,
Ika and Merlyn, thank for hearing my sadness and thank you to accompany me
vi
when I cry and thanks to cry with me. Also for Ulfa, thank for your advises. My
young brother, Gunawan Tri .P (Met Jomblo say…).
From the deepest heart, I want to sent my purest thanks to Hermawan
(seberapa pantas ? ) thank for your time, support and your calling and thank for
the reality and dreams that we share.
My respectful thank; I want to dedicate to my family Pak Lik/Bu lik,
Budhe/ Padhe for enhancing my spirit to finish my thesis. Very special thank also
to my neighbor Mbah Busrohadi and wife.
Special thanks, I want to appreciate to many individual who ever knew in
class C (English Department ’99) Linda, May, Ruchi, Rudi, Wisnu, Bowo,
Temi, Wiwid and the gang, Agus and Bibi’. Especially for Cristinah (PEA’99)
thank to let me laugh in my pain. For Mas Joko, Mas Bambang and Mas
Kholik thank for helping in writing and typing this paper. And the last for all
people who are forgotten and too long to mention one by one, I say thanks you
million times.
I realize that this research paper is far from being perfect. In order to make
this research paper better, I welcome any comments, critiques and suggestion. I
hope that this research is useful for the reader.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb
February 2004
The writer
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................
iii
MOTTO ........................................................................................................
iv
DEDICATION ..............................................................................................
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..............................................................
1
A. Background of Study......................................................
1
B. Related Literature review ...............................................
5
C. Problem Statements........................................................
7
D. Research Objective.........................................................
7
E. Research Benefit.............................................................
7
F. Research Paper ...............................................................
8
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY .................................................
9
A.Notion of Translation ......................................................
9
B.Type of Translation .........................................................
10
C.Principle of Translation...................................................
18
D.Process of Translation.....................................................
19
E. Problems in Translation ..................................................
20
F. Addition and Subtraction in Translation .........................
22
viii
G.The Meaning of Equivalence ..........................................
34
H.The Type of Equivalence ................................................
35
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
40
A. Type of Research............................................................
40
B. Data and Data Source .....................................................
40
C. Technique of Collection Data.........................................
40
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION...........................
45
A. Data Analysis ................................................................
45
B. Discussion .....................................................................
78
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
81
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
81
B. Discussion .....................................................................
82
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
ix
ABSTRACT
RESTUMARDI OKTAVIA. A.320990171/99.6.106.13031.5.0171. AN
ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN NOVEL
“MEMOIR OF A GEISHA” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO “MEMOIR OF A
GEISHA: MEMOIR SEORANG GEISHA” BY LISTIANA SRISANTI.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY
OF
SURAKARTA. 2004.
This research is intended to clarify the addition and subtraction on the
translation of book novel Memoir of a Geisha into Memoir of a Geisha: Memoar
Seorang Geisha. The type of data is qualitative data. The source of the research
data are both novels Memoirs of a Geisha as the source language and Memoirs of
a Geisha: Memoar Seorang Geisha as the target language text. In taking the data,
she uses documentation. She begins by finding the sentences or groups of
sentences which contain the case of addition and subtraction, classifying the cases,
and counting the percentage of those type to find the dominant classification.
Besides, the writer analyzes the equivalent message in translation process. If the
message can be transferred well, it includes in equivalent message although
happened addition and subtraction. The result of the research shows that from 150
data 60 belongs to addition process and 90 data includes subtraction process.
From 60 data, there are 7 kinds of addition namely: filling out elliptical expression
1 datum (1,67%), obligatory specification 24 data (40%), required by grammatical
4 data (6,66%), amplification from implicit into explicit status 5 data (8,33%),
classifier 1 datum (1,67%), connectives 7 data (11,6%), and categories of the
receptor language 19 data (31,67%). Related to 90 data of subtraction there are 6
kinds, namely: repetition 3 data (3,33%), specification of reference 10 data
(11,11%), conjunction 7 data (7,78%), transitional 10 data (11,11%), categories
10 data (11,11%), amplification from explicit to implicit status 49 data (54,44%).
There are 146 data (97,33%) belonging equivalent message and 4 data (2,67%),
belonging to non equivalent.
Finally, the writer concludes that the novel Memoir of a Geisha and its
translation is well and understable.
x
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA: MEMOAR SEORANG GEISHA”
BY LISTIANA SRISANTI
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
RESTUMARDI OKTAVIA
NIM : A. 320. 990. 171
NIRM : 99.6.106.13031.5.0171
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2004
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN NOVEL
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA: MEMOAR SEORANG GEISHA”
BY LISTIANA SRISANTI
Consultant approval
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dra. Dwi Hariyanti
Dra. Siti Khuzaimah
ii
ACCEPTANCE
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN NOVEL
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO
“MEMOIRS OF A GEISHA: MEMOAR SEORANG GEISHA”
BY LISTIANA SRISANTI
By:
RESTUMARDI OKTAVIA
NIM : A. 320. 990. 171
NIRM : 99.6.106.13031.5.0171
Accepted by board of examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
The team of examiners:
1. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Examiner I)
2. Dra. Siti Khuzaimah
(Examiner II)
3. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum
(Examiner III)
Dean,
(Drs. H. Bambang Sumardjoko, M.Pd)
NIP. 131 470 269
iii
MOTTO
Apa saja musibah yang menimpa kamu, maka
disebabkan oleh perbuatan tanganmu sendiri, dan
Allah SWT memaafkan sebagian besar (dari
kesalahan-kesalahanmu)
(Q.S. Asy-Syuura:30)
Tuhan
melihat
mempunyai
satupun,
seribu
kala
jalan
semua
dimana
caraku
aku
telah
tak
bisa
mencapai
ujungnya, baru pada saat itulah caraNya dimulai.
(Esther Euyut)
iv
DEDICATION
Affectionately dedicated to:
h
h
h
h
My beloved Eyang Uthi, thank for
motivation, praying never end
My beloved parents, the greatest
mother, keep rest in peace in the
shelter of Allah SWT
My sister and husband, thank
for allusion and motivation
The
big
family
of
Wignyo
Darmojo, thank you very much
v
ACNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
First and foremost, by getting down my knees, I want to say
“Alkhamdullilahirobil’alamin” as my grateful thanks to the owner of my soul,
Allah SWT, who has shown me, how good the taste of tears and taught me how to
smile in my pain in this life.
I may not able to finish this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the
requirements for bachelor Degree of Education in English without the help of
others. Therefore, I would like to express my thanks and gratitude to those who
have helped me. First, Mrs. Dra. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum as the first consultant
whose patient intensely heartens me to accomplish this thesis. Second,
Mrs. Dra. Siti Khuzaimah as the second consultant who has revived and
corrected precisely the my research paper. Third, Mr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd.,
M.Hum who has been patiently and kindly in giving guidance suggestions and
corrections until I can finish this research paper. Fourth, Drs. H. Bambang
Sumardjoko, M.Pd as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta for the approval to carry out the thesis.
Fifth, Dra. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum as the Head of English Department.
Seventh, Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum. as the academic consultant and all
lectures who have shared and given their knowledge to me in mastering English.
Then, I am going to give my thankful kisses for my best friends; Nurul,
Ika and Merlyn, thank for hearing my sadness and thank you to accompany me
vi
when I cry and thanks to cry with me. Also for Ulfa, thank for your advises. My
young brother, Gunawan Tri .P (Met Jomblo say…).
From the deepest heart, I want to sent my purest thanks to Hermawan
(seberapa pantas ? ) thank for your time, support and your calling and thank for
the reality and dreams that we share.
My respectful thank; I want to dedicate to my family Pak Lik/Bu lik,
Budhe/ Padhe for enhancing my spirit to finish my thesis. Very special thank also
to my neighbor Mbah Busrohadi and wife.
Special thanks, I want to appreciate to many individual who ever knew in
class C (English Department ’99) Linda, May, Ruchi, Rudi, Wisnu, Bowo,
Temi, Wiwid and the gang, Agus and Bibi’. Especially for Cristinah (PEA’99)
thank to let me laugh in my pain. For Mas Joko, Mas Bambang and Mas
Kholik thank for helping in writing and typing this paper. And the last for all
people who are forgotten and too long to mention one by one, I say thanks you
million times.
I realize that this research paper is far from being perfect. In order to make
this research paper better, I welcome any comments, critiques and suggestion. I
hope that this research is useful for the reader.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb
February 2004
The writer
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................
iii
MOTTO ........................................................................................................
iv
DEDICATION ..............................................................................................
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..............................................................
1
A. Background of Study......................................................
1
B. Related Literature review ...............................................
5
C. Problem Statements........................................................
7
D. Research Objective.........................................................
7
E. Research Benefit.............................................................
7
F. Research Paper ...............................................................
8
CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY .................................................
9
A.Notion of Translation ......................................................
9
B.Type of Translation .........................................................
10
C.Principle of Translation...................................................
18
D.Process of Translation.....................................................
19
E. Problems in Translation ..................................................
20
F. Addition and Subtraction in Translation .........................
22
viii
G.The Meaning of Equivalence ..........................................
34
H.The Type of Equivalence ................................................
35
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
40
A. Type of Research............................................................
40
B. Data and Data Source .....................................................
40
C. Technique of Collection Data.........................................
40
CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION...........................
45
A. Data Analysis ................................................................
45
B. Discussion .....................................................................
78
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...............................
81
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
81
B. Discussion .....................................................................
82
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
ix
ABSTRACT
RESTUMARDI OKTAVIA. A.320990171/99.6.106.13031.5.0171. AN
ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH INDONESIAN TRANSLATION IN NOVEL
“MEMOIR OF A GEISHA” BY ARTHUR GOLDEN INTO “MEMOIR OF A
GEISHA: MEMOIR SEORANG GEISHA” BY LISTIANA SRISANTI.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY
OF
SURAKARTA. 2004.
This research is intended to clarify the addition and subtraction on the
translation of book novel Memoir of a Geisha into Memoir of a Geisha: Memoar
Seorang Geisha. The type of data is qualitative data. The source of the research
data are both novels Memoirs of a Geisha as the source language and Memoirs of
a Geisha: Memoar Seorang Geisha as the target language text. In taking the data,
she uses documentation. She begins by finding the sentences or groups of
sentences which contain the case of addition and subtraction, classifying the cases,
and counting the percentage of those type to find the dominant classification.
Besides, the writer analyzes the equivalent message in translation process. If the
message can be transferred well, it includes in equivalent message although
happened addition and subtraction. The result of the research shows that from 150
data 60 belongs to addition process and 90 data includes subtraction process.
From 60 data, there are 7 kinds of addition namely: filling out elliptical expression
1 datum (1,67%), obligatory specification 24 data (40%), required by grammatical
4 data (6,66%), amplification from implicit into explicit status 5 data (8,33%),
classifier 1 datum (1,67%), connectives 7 data (11,6%), and categories of the
receptor language 19 data (31,67%). Related to 90 data of subtraction there are 6
kinds, namely: repetition 3 data (3,33%), specification of reference 10 data
(11,11%), conjunction 7 data (7,78%), transitional 10 data (11,11%), categories
10 data (11,11%), amplification from explicit to implicit status 49 data (54,44%).
There are 146 data (97,33%) belonging equivalent message and 4 data (2,67%),
belonging to non equivalent.
Finally, the writer concludes that the novel Memoir of a Geisha and its
translation is well and understable.
x