Katrol elektrik dengan kapasitas 500 kg (electrik crane capacity of 500 kg ) AWAL
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KATROL ELEKTRIK
DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG
(ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY OF 500 KG )
PROYEK AKHIR
Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat
untuk memperoleh gelar
Ahli Madya
Disusun oleh :
PRASTIYO
NIM. I 8612037
PROGRAM DIPLOMA III TEKNIK MESIN OTOMOTIF
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2016
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perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
KATROL ELEKTRIK
DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG
(ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY OF 500 KG )
Disusun oleh :
PRASTIYO
I8612037
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2016
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digilib.uns.ac.id
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. iii
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR RUMUS ....................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................... 1
1.2 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................ 1
1.3TujuanProyekAkhir .................................................................... 2
1.4Manfaat Proyek Akhir ................................................................ 2
1.5SistematikaPenulisan .................................................................. 3
BAB II DASAR TEORI
2.1 Pengertian Umum..................................................................... 4
2.2 StatistikaRangka....................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Gaya Luar ........................................................................ 6
2.2.2 Gaya Dalam ..................................................................... 6
2.2.3 Diagram Gaya ................................................................ 7
2.2.4 Tumpuan ......................................................................... 8
2.3 Tegangan Normal (Normal Strees) .......................................... 9
2.4 KekuatanSambunganLas .......................................................... 13
BAB III PERENCANAAN DAN DESAIN
3.1 Diagram alurpengerjaan ........................................................... 17
3.2 SpesifikasiTeknikKendaraan.................................................... 18
3.3 KonsepDesainKatrolElektrik ................................................... 19
3.4 Perencaan KontruksiRangka .................................................... 20
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3.4.1Perencaan Rangka
Bagian
Atas ....................................... 20
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3.4.2Perencaan Rangka Bagian Bawah .................................... 25
3.5 KekuatanSambungan Las ......................................................... 28
BAB IV PEMBUATAN DAN PENGUJIAN
4.1 Desain ....................................................................................... 31
4.2 SistemKerjaKatrolElektrik ....................................................... 31
4.3 Alat Dan Bahan ........................................................................ 32
4.4 Proses Pengerjaan Rangka ....................................................... 33
4.5 Proses Pengecatan .................................................................... 34
4.6 Proses Perakitan ....................................................................... 34
4.7 UjiFungisionalRangka ............................................................. 36
4.8 Pembahasan .............................................................................. 37
4.9 HasilPengujianMesin ............................................................... 39
4.10 PerawatanMesin....................................................................... 39
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................ 40
5.2 Saran .......................................................................................... 40
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 KontruksiMesinKatrolElektrik .................................................. 4
Gambar 2.2 SketsaPrinsipStatikaKesetimbangan ......................................... 5
Gambar 2.3 SketsaReaksiTumpuanRol ........................................................ 8
Gambar 2.4 SketsaReaksiTumpuanSendi ..................................................... 8
Gambar 2.5 SketsaReaksiTumpuanJepit ...................................................... 9
Gambar 2.6 KomponenTegangan Normal Dan Geser .................................. 9
Gambar 2.7 Gaya TarikAksial ...................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.8 Gaya TekanAksial ..................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.9 TeganganGeser .......................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.10 BebanLentur ............................................................................ 12
Gambar 2.11 BentukPengelasanRangkal ...................................................... 14
Gambar 3.1 PerncanaanAlurPengerjaan ....................................................... 17
Gambar 3.2 Desain 3D MesinKatrolElektrik ................................................ 19
Gambar 3.3 KonstruksiRangkaAtas .............................................................. 20
Gambar3.4 NFD, SFD, BMD Gaya Vertical ............................................... 23
Gambar 3.5 ProfilKanal U ........................................................................... 24
Gambar 3.6 KontruksiRangkaBawah ........................................................... 25
Gambar 3.7 SFD, BMD Gaya Horizontal .................................................... 26
Gambar 3.8 ProfilKanal U ........................................................................... 27
Gambar 4.1 KonsepRancanganKomponenUtama 3D .................................. 31
Gambar 4.2 Proses PembuatanRangka ......................................................... 33
Gambar 4.3 Proses PengelasanRangka ......................................................... 33
Gambar 4.4 Proses Pemasangan Motor Listrik ............................................. 35
Gambar 4.5 Proses Pemasangan Reducer .................................................... 35
Gambar 4.6 Proses Pemasangan Drum Penggulung ..................................... 35
Gambar 4.7 Proses PemasanganRangkaAtas ................................................ 36
Gambar 4.8 Proses Roll Tali Baja / Slink ................................................................ 36
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DAFTAR RUMUS
Rumus2.1 Momen ............................................................................................ 7
Rumus2.2 Torsi ................................................................................................ 7
Rumus2.3 Tegangan ......................................................................................... 11
Rumus2.4 Tegangangeser ................................................................................ 11
Rumus2.5 Teganganlentur ............................................................................... 12
Rumus2.6 Momenlentur................................................................................... 12
Rumus2.7 Teganganijin ................................................................................... 13
Rumus2.8Panjanglas minimum ....................................................................... 14
Rumus2.9Jarakbebandenganpusattitikberat ..................................................... 15
Rumus 2.10Jarakbebandenganpusattitikberat .................................................. 15
Rumus2.11 Sudutmaksimumpengelasan ......................................................... 15
Rumus2.12 Hargamomeninersiasudutsatuan ................................................... 15
Rumus2.13 Hargamomeninersiasudutlasan ..................................................... 15
Rumus2.14 Gaya gesertegakluruskearahgravitasi ........................................... 16
Rumus 2.15 Throat area .................................................................................. 16
Rumus 2.16 Gaya gesertegakluruskearah G ................................................... 16
Rumus 2.17 Tegangangesermaksimal .............................................................. 16
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ABSTRAK
PRASTIYO, 2015, “KATROL ELEKTRIK DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG
(ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY 500 KG )”, Proyek Akhir, Program Studi
Diploma III Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Katrol elektrik ini dirancang untuk mengangkat beban berat sebesar
(500kg) terutama mesin kendaraan (mobil). Mesin ini diharapkan mampu
membantu mengefektifkan waktu dan mengurangi beban manusia saat
memindahkan barang yang berat (mesin kendaraan).
Tujuan dari proyek akhir ini adalah merancang dan membuat Katrol
elektrik untuk memindahkan muatan pada jarak yang pendek. Pada prakteknya
jarak yang ditempuh hanya terbatas pada puluhan meter. Metode yang digunakan
meliputi kajian pustaka yang diambil dari referensi buku, internet dan e-book.
Tahap selanjutnya adalah perencanaan yang meliputi desain gambar dan
perhitungan dimensi untuk menentukan komponen-komponen yang akan
digunakan dalam proyek akhir ini. Tahap terakhir yaitu proses produksi dan
perakitan serta pengujian produk.
Hasil dari proyek akhir ini adalah alat ini diharapkan mampu membantu
pekerjaan manusia dalam hal mengangkat beban yang cukup berat khususnya
mesin mobil atau beban sebesar (500kg). Perhitungan rangka berdasarkan analisa
dan pengujian dapat dinyatakan aman untuk digunakan.
Kata kunci: katrol elektrik, mengangkat beban, engine mobil 500 kg
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perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRACT
PRASETYO, 2015, " ELECTRIC CRANE CAPACITY 500 KG ", a Final
Project, Program Diploma Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University
of March Surakarta
Electric crane is designed for lifting heavy loads of (500kg), especially vehicle
engines (cars). This engine is expected to help streamline and reduce the burden of
human time when moving heavy items (engine).
The purpose of this final project is to design and make electric pulley to move the
load at a short distance. In practice, the distance is limited to tens of meters. Methods
used include literature review were taken from reference books, the Internet and e-book.
The next stage is the planning that includes the design drawings and calculations to
determine the dimensions of the components to be used in this final project. The last stage
is the process of production and assembly and testing of products.
Results of this final project is the tool is expected to help the work of man to lift a
heavy load, especially a car engine or a load of (500kg). Calculation framework based on
analysis and testing can be declared safe for use.
Keywords: electric hoists, lifting weights, car engine 500 kg
commit to user
v
digilib.uns.ac.id
KATROL ELEKTRIK
DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG
(ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY OF 500 KG )
PROYEK AKHIR
Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat
untuk memperoleh gelar
Ahli Madya
Disusun oleh :
PRASTIYO
NIM. I 8612037
PROGRAM DIPLOMA III TEKNIK MESIN OTOMOTIF
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2016
commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
KATROL ELEKTRIK
DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG
(ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY OF 500 KG )
Disusun oleh :
PRASTIYO
I8612037
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2016
commit to user
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digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
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digilib.uns.ac.id
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. iii
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR RUMUS ....................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................... 1
1.2 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................ 1
1.3TujuanProyekAkhir .................................................................... 2
1.4Manfaat Proyek Akhir ................................................................ 2
1.5SistematikaPenulisan .................................................................. 3
BAB II DASAR TEORI
2.1 Pengertian Umum..................................................................... 4
2.2 StatistikaRangka....................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Gaya Luar ........................................................................ 6
2.2.2 Gaya Dalam ..................................................................... 6
2.2.3 Diagram Gaya ................................................................ 7
2.2.4 Tumpuan ......................................................................... 8
2.3 Tegangan Normal (Normal Strees) .......................................... 9
2.4 KekuatanSambunganLas .......................................................... 13
BAB III PERENCANAAN DAN DESAIN
3.1 Diagram alurpengerjaan ........................................................... 17
3.2 SpesifikasiTeknikKendaraan.................................................... 18
3.3 KonsepDesainKatrolElektrik ................................................... 19
3.4 Perencaan KontruksiRangka .................................................... 20
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3.4.1Perencaan Rangka
Bagian
Atas ....................................... 20
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3.4.2Perencaan Rangka Bagian Bawah .................................... 25
3.5 KekuatanSambungan Las ......................................................... 28
BAB IV PEMBUATAN DAN PENGUJIAN
4.1 Desain ....................................................................................... 31
4.2 SistemKerjaKatrolElektrik ....................................................... 31
4.3 Alat Dan Bahan ........................................................................ 32
4.4 Proses Pengerjaan Rangka ....................................................... 33
4.5 Proses Pengecatan .................................................................... 34
4.6 Proses Perakitan ....................................................................... 34
4.7 UjiFungisionalRangka ............................................................. 36
4.8 Pembahasan .............................................................................. 37
4.9 HasilPengujianMesin ............................................................... 39
4.10 PerawatanMesin....................................................................... 39
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................ 40
5.2 Saran .......................................................................................... 40
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 KontruksiMesinKatrolElektrik .................................................. 4
Gambar 2.2 SketsaPrinsipStatikaKesetimbangan ......................................... 5
Gambar 2.3 SketsaReaksiTumpuanRol ........................................................ 8
Gambar 2.4 SketsaReaksiTumpuanSendi ..................................................... 8
Gambar 2.5 SketsaReaksiTumpuanJepit ...................................................... 9
Gambar 2.6 KomponenTegangan Normal Dan Geser .................................. 9
Gambar 2.7 Gaya TarikAksial ...................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.8 Gaya TekanAksial ..................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.9 TeganganGeser .......................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.10 BebanLentur ............................................................................ 12
Gambar 2.11 BentukPengelasanRangkal ...................................................... 14
Gambar 3.1 PerncanaanAlurPengerjaan ....................................................... 17
Gambar 3.2 Desain 3D MesinKatrolElektrik ................................................ 19
Gambar 3.3 KonstruksiRangkaAtas .............................................................. 20
Gambar3.4 NFD, SFD, BMD Gaya Vertical ............................................... 23
Gambar 3.5 ProfilKanal U ........................................................................... 24
Gambar 3.6 KontruksiRangkaBawah ........................................................... 25
Gambar 3.7 SFD, BMD Gaya Horizontal .................................................... 26
Gambar 3.8 ProfilKanal U ........................................................................... 27
Gambar 4.1 KonsepRancanganKomponenUtama 3D .................................. 31
Gambar 4.2 Proses PembuatanRangka ......................................................... 33
Gambar 4.3 Proses PengelasanRangka ......................................................... 33
Gambar 4.4 Proses Pemasangan Motor Listrik ............................................. 35
Gambar 4.5 Proses Pemasangan Reducer .................................................... 35
Gambar 4.6 Proses Pemasangan Drum Penggulung ..................................... 35
Gambar 4.7 Proses PemasanganRangkaAtas ................................................ 36
Gambar 4.8 Proses Roll Tali Baja / Slink ................................................................ 36
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DAFTAR RUMUS
Rumus2.1 Momen ............................................................................................ 7
Rumus2.2 Torsi ................................................................................................ 7
Rumus2.3 Tegangan ......................................................................................... 11
Rumus2.4 Tegangangeser ................................................................................ 11
Rumus2.5 Teganganlentur ............................................................................... 12
Rumus2.6 Momenlentur................................................................................... 12
Rumus2.7 Teganganijin ................................................................................... 13
Rumus2.8Panjanglas minimum ....................................................................... 14
Rumus2.9Jarakbebandenganpusattitikberat ..................................................... 15
Rumus 2.10Jarakbebandenganpusattitikberat .................................................. 15
Rumus2.11 Sudutmaksimumpengelasan ......................................................... 15
Rumus2.12 Hargamomeninersiasudutsatuan ................................................... 15
Rumus2.13 Hargamomeninersiasudutlasan ..................................................... 15
Rumus2.14 Gaya gesertegakluruskearahgravitasi ........................................... 16
Rumus 2.15 Throat area .................................................................................. 16
Rumus 2.16 Gaya gesertegakluruskearah G ................................................... 16
Rumus 2.17 Tegangangesermaksimal .............................................................. 16
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perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
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ABSTRAK
PRASTIYO, 2015, “KATROL ELEKTRIK DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 KG
(ELECTRIK CRANE CAPACITY 500 KG )”, Proyek Akhir, Program Studi
Diploma III Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Katrol elektrik ini dirancang untuk mengangkat beban berat sebesar
(500kg) terutama mesin kendaraan (mobil). Mesin ini diharapkan mampu
membantu mengefektifkan waktu dan mengurangi beban manusia saat
memindahkan barang yang berat (mesin kendaraan).
Tujuan dari proyek akhir ini adalah merancang dan membuat Katrol
elektrik untuk memindahkan muatan pada jarak yang pendek. Pada prakteknya
jarak yang ditempuh hanya terbatas pada puluhan meter. Metode yang digunakan
meliputi kajian pustaka yang diambil dari referensi buku, internet dan e-book.
Tahap selanjutnya adalah perencanaan yang meliputi desain gambar dan
perhitungan dimensi untuk menentukan komponen-komponen yang akan
digunakan dalam proyek akhir ini. Tahap terakhir yaitu proses produksi dan
perakitan serta pengujian produk.
Hasil dari proyek akhir ini adalah alat ini diharapkan mampu membantu
pekerjaan manusia dalam hal mengangkat beban yang cukup berat khususnya
mesin mobil atau beban sebesar (500kg). Perhitungan rangka berdasarkan analisa
dan pengujian dapat dinyatakan aman untuk digunakan.
Kata kunci: katrol elektrik, mengangkat beban, engine mobil 500 kg
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRACT
PRASETYO, 2015, " ELECTRIC CRANE CAPACITY 500 KG ", a Final
Project, Program Diploma Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University
of March Surakarta
Electric crane is designed for lifting heavy loads of (500kg), especially vehicle
engines (cars). This engine is expected to help streamline and reduce the burden of
human time when moving heavy items (engine).
The purpose of this final project is to design and make electric pulley to move the
load at a short distance. In practice, the distance is limited to tens of meters. Methods
used include literature review were taken from reference books, the Internet and e-book.
The next stage is the planning that includes the design drawings and calculations to
determine the dimensions of the components to be used in this final project. The last stage
is the process of production and assembly and testing of products.
Results of this final project is the tool is expected to help the work of man to lift a
heavy load, especially a car engine or a load of (500kg). Calculation framework based on
analysis and testing can be declared safe for use.
Keywords: electric hoists, lifting weights, car engine 500 kg
commit to user
v