Penekanan Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser Permasalahan Dominan Menciptakan Sistem Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Teknik Vegetasi

  

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2013/ 2014

  

WAHANA PERMAINAN AIR (water park) di

Kabupaten Indramayu

Penekanan Desain

  

Arsitektur Hundertwasser

Permasalahan Dominan

  

Menciptakan Sistem Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada

Setiap Wahana dan Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung

Melalui Teknik Vegetasi

  Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Disusun Oleh:

Anabila Soraya – 08.11.0114

  Dosen Pembimbing:

  

Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

  

April, 2014

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

  Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013 / 2014 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Wahana Permainan Air (water park) Tema Desain : Arsitektur Hundertwasser Fokus Kajian : Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem

  Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata Penyusun : ANABILA SORAYA NIM : 08.11.0114 Pembimbing : Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT Penguji : Prof.Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto

  Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT

  Semarang, 10 April 2014 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

  Dekan Ketua

  Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arstektur Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT NIDN 611086201 NIDN 625116302

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

  Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2013 / 2014 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Wahana Permainan Air (water park) Tema Desain : Arsitektur Hundertwasser Fokus Kajian : Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem

  Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata Penyusun : ANABILA SORAYA NIM : 08.11.0114 Pembimbing : Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT Penguji : Prof.Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto

  Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT

  Semarang, 10 April 2014 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Pembimbing Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT NIDN 629056402

  Penguji Penguji Penguji Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto NIDN 627066701 NIDN 628126101 NIDN 602066801

SURAT PERNYATAAN

  Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya : Nama : ANABILA SORAYA N I M : 08.11.0114 Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode Semester Genap TA. 2013 / 2014 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Wahana Permainan Air (water park) Tema Desain : Arsitektur Hundertwasser Fokus Kajian : Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Pengunjung Melalui Sistem

  Sirkulasi, Kemudahan Aksesbilitas pada Setiap Wahana dan Melalui Teknik Vegetasi pada Tempat Wisata Pembimbing : Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT NIDN : 629056402 Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas siap menerima segala konsekuensinya.

  Semarang, 10 April 2014 Penulis

  ANABILA SORAYA NIM : 08.11.0114 Pertama-tama saya mengucapkan puji syukur atas kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Prposal Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini.

  Penulisan proposal ini dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi persyaratan menempuh Mata Kuliah Proyek Akhir Arsitektur pada Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

  Pada kesemapatan ini penulis hendak mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :

  1. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT selaku Ketua koordinator PAA Periode LXV sekaligus dosen pembimbing

  2. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan StB, MTA selaku dosen Koordinator Studio PAA Perode LXV

  3. Prof. Dr-Ing. L.M.F. Purwanto, Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT, dan Ir. Robert Rianto W, MT selaku dosen penguji yang telah member banyak masukan.

  4. Bapak, Ibu serta kakak-kakak ku yang selalu member doa, dukungan materi dan moral, semangat dan perhatiannya.

  5. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu Atas segala bimbingan, pengarahan, dan sarannya, penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih. Semoga proposal ini dapat bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.

  Semarang, 15 April 2014 Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

  Halaman Judul ........................................................................................ i Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................ ii Halaman Pengesahan ............................................................................ iv Prakata ................................................................................................... v Daftar Isi ................................................................................................ vi Daftar Gambar ....................................................................................... xi Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................... xx Daftar Diagram ...................................................................................... xxiii Daftar Pustaka ....................................................................................... xxv

  BAB I.PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................... 1

  1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................ 1

  1.1.1 Alasan dan Motivasi Pemilihan Judul ............................. 2

  1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ........................................... 3

  1.2.1 Tujuan ............................................................................ 3

  1.2.2 Sasaran .......................................................................... 3

  1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ............................................................. 4

  1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ............................................................... 4

  1.4.1 Tahap Pemrograman ...................................................... 4

  1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ................................... 7

  1.4.3 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ..................................... 7

  1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................ 9

  2.1 Tinjauan Water Park ................................................................ 11

  2.1.1 Perkembangan Water Park ............................................. 12

  2.1.2 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ............................................. 14

  2.1.3 Terminologi ....................................................................... 14

  2.1.4 Klasifikasi Wahana Permainan Air .................................... 15

  2.1.5 Aktivitas ............................................................................ 17

  2.1.6 Pelaku .............................................................................. 18

  2.1.7 Waktu Operasional ........................................................... 20

  2.1.8 Fasilitas ............................................................................ 20

  2.1.9 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................. 21

  2.2 Tinjauan Kabupaten Indramayu ............................................... 25

  2.2.1 Letak, Luas dan batas kab. Indramayu ......................... 29

  2.2.2 Topografi ...................................................................... 31

  2.2.3 Iklim ............................................................................. 32

  2.2.4 Morfologi ...................................................................... 33

  2.2.5 Infrastruktur .................................................................. 34

  2.3 Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis .................................................. 35

  2.3.1 Water Blaster Semarang .............................................. 35

  2.3.2 Pandawa Water World Solo .......................................... 43

  2.4 Permasalahan Desain ............................................................. 46

  2.4.1 Arsitektur ...................................................................... 46

  2.4.2 Bangunan ..................................................................... 46

  2.4.3 Lingkungan ................................................................... 46

  2.5 Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ....................................... 47

  2.5.2 Batasan ........................................................................ 47

  2.5.3 Anggapan ..................................................................... 47

  BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............. 48

  3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ............................................... 48

  3.1.1 Studi Pelaku .................................................................. 48

  3.1.2 Studi Aktivitas ............................................................... 49

  3.1.3 Studi Fasilitas, Studi Ruang Khusus, Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................................... 58

  3.1.4 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Outdoor & Indoor .................... 58

  3.1.5 Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................... 64

  3.1.6 Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan ............................ 73

  3.1.7 Besaran Ruang ............................................................ 78

  3.1.8 Studi Citra Arsitektural .................................................. 92

  3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .................................. 93

  3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ............................. 93

  3.2.2 Studi Sistem Bangunan ................................................. 110

  3.2.3 Studi Landscape ........................................................... 115

  3.2.4 Studi Area Parkir ........................................................... 120

  3.2.5 Studi Sistem Utilitas ...................................................... 121

  3.2.6 Studi Pemanfaatan Tekhnologi ..................................... 129

  3.2.7 Penggunaan Atap Bertanaman ..................................... 137

  3.2.8 CCTV ............................................................................ 138

  3.3 Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ................................................. 138

  BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ...................................................... 152

  4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................... 152

  4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektural ................................................. 152

  4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ................................................................ 152

  4.1.3 Aspek Tekhnologi .......................................................... 153

  4.1.4 Ramah Lingkungan ....................................................... 153

  4.2 Tujuan Perc, Faktor Penentu Perc, Faktor Persyaratan.......... 154

  4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ..................................................... 154

  4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ........................................ 154

  4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................. 155

  4.3 Program Arsitektur ................................................................ 157

  4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ......................................................... 157

  4.3.2 Program Ruang ............................................................. 159

  4.3.3 Program Besaran Ruang ............................................... 161

  4.3.4 Program Sistem Struktur ............................................... 164

  4.3.5 Program Sistem Bangunan ........................................... 169

  4.3.5.1 Sistem Pencahayaan Alami ................................ 169

  4.3.5.2 Sistem Pencahayaan Buatan ............................. 170

  4.3.6 Program Landscape ...................................................... 171

  4.3.7 Program Area Parkir ..................................................... 175

  4.3.8 Program Sistem Utilitas ................................................. 176

  4.3.9 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ........................................... 187

  5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ............................................ 191

  5.1.1 Interpretasi & Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain ......... 191

  5.1.2 Arsitektur Hundertwasser .............................................. 192

  5.1.3 Filosofi Hundertwasser .................................................. 194

  5.1.4 Karakteristik Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser .............. 195

  5.1.5 Ketentuan Penggunaan Keramik ................................... 197

  5.1.6 Ciri

• – Ciri Desain Arsitektur Hundertwasser ................... 198

  5.1.7 Studi Presedent ............................................................. 198

  5.1.8 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Penenkanan Desain .... 207

  5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................... 208

  5.2.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penenkanan Desain .... 208

  5.2.2 Kajian Teori ................................................................... 209

  5.2.3 Studi Presedent ............................................................. 215

  5.2.4 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................................................................... 216

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR

  Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air Gambar 2.1 Water Park ......................................................................... 13 Gambar 2.2 Kolam Air Mancur ............................................................... 20 Gambar 2.3 Lazy River .......................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.4 Kolam Anak ........................................................................ 20 Gambar 2.5 Ruang Locker ...................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.6 Foodcourt ............................................................................ 21 Gambar 2.7 Ruang Refleksi .................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.8 Peta Wisata Indramayu ...................................................... 25 Gambar 2.9 Pantai Tirtamaya ................................................................ 25 Gambar 2.10 Koloni Kera Banjar ........................................................... 26 Gambar 2.11 Wisata Pulau Biawak ........................................................ 26 Gambar 2.12 Situ Bolang ....................................................................... 26 Gambar 2.13 Pantai Glayem .................................................................. 27 Gambar 2.14 Pantai Karangsong ........................................................... 27 Gambar 2.15 Pantai Balongan Indah ..................................................... 27 Gambar 2.16 Kampung Wisata Sindang Ayu ......................................... 28 Gambar 2.17 Peta Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ................................... 30 Gambar 2.18 Peta Kemampuan Lahan .................................................. 33 Gambar 2.19 Peta Infrastuktur Kab. Indramayu ..................................... 34 Gambar 2.20 Pintu Masuk Water Blaster ............................................... 35 Gambar 2.21 Letak Water Blaster .......................................................... 35 Gambar 2.22 Gazebo ............................................................................ 38 Gambar 2.23 Ruang Locker ................................................................... 39

Gambar 2.25 Foodcourt ......................................................................... 39Gambar 2.26 Ruang Kesehatan ............................................................. 39Gambar 2.27 Souvenir Shop .................................................................. 39Gambar 2.28 Lapangan Futsal .............................................................. 39Gambar 2.29 Ruang Pertemuan ............................................................ 40Gambar 2.30 Ruang Gathering .............................................................. 40Gambar 2.31 Kantor Marketing .............................................................. 40Gambar 2.32 Map Water Blaster ............................................................ 41Gambar 2.33 Black Hole Slide ............................................................... 43Gambar 2.34 Raft Slide ......................................................................... 44Gambar 2.35 Lazy River ........................................................................ 44Gambar 2.36 Swimming Pool ................................................................ 44Gambar 2.37 Foodcourt ......................................................................... 44Gambar 2.38 Kolam Ombak .................................................................. 44Gambar 2.39 Play Ground ..................................................................... 44Gambar 2.40 Map Pandawa Solo .......................................................... 45

  Bab III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur Gambar 3.1 Kids Slides .......................................................................... 64 Gambar 3.2 Slide Dewasa ...................................................................... 65 Gambar 3.3 Slide Menggunakan Ban Karet ............................................ 65 Gambar 3.4 Pendaki Konstruksi Baja ..................................................... 66 Gambar 3.5 Pendaki Konstruksi Kayu .................................................... 66 Gambar 3.6 Dimensi Slide Untuk Dewasa .............................................. 67

Gambar 3.8 Dimensi Slide Untuk Anak .................................................. 68Gambar 3.9 Lazy River .......................................................................... 69Gambar 3.10 Lazy River ........................................................................ 69Gambar 3.11 Shunken Pool Bar ............................................................ 70Gambar 3.12 Aktivitas Didalam Pool Bar ............................................... 70Gambar 3.13 Dimensi Whirpool ............................................................. 71Gambar 3.14 Dimensi Parkir Truck ........................................................ 90Gambar 3.15 Slide Construction ............................................................ 94Gambar 3.16 Kurva Penuh .................................................................... 94Gambar 3.17 Kurva Sebagian ................................................................. 94Gambar 3.18 Kombinasi Kurva .............................................................. 94Gambar 3.19 Konstruksi Penyangga Seluncur ....................................... 94Gambar 3.20 Plat Baja Penyangga ........................................................ 95Gambar 3.21 Detail Murbaut Pada Sambungan ..................................... 95Gambar 3.22 Atap Dak beton ................................................................. 95Gambar 3.23 Konstruksi Atap Kayu ........................................................ 97Gambar 3.24 Atap Baja Ringan ............................................................. 98Gambar 3.25 Atap Space Truss ............................................................. 99Gambar 3.26 Dinding Masif ................................................................... 100Gambar 3.27 Struktur Rangka ............................................................... 100Gambar 3.28 Struktur Dinding Sejajar .................................................... 102Gambar 3.29 Dinding batu bata ............................................................. 102Gambar 3.30 Dinding Kaca .................................................................... 103Gambar 3.31 Batu Alam ......................................................................... 104Gambar 3.33 Ubin .................................................................................. 105Gambar 3.34 Pondasi Batu Kali ............................................................. 107Gambar 3.35 Pondasi Footplat .............................................................. 108Gambar 3.37 Pondasi Sarang Laba-laba ............................................... 109Gambar 3.38 Pondasi Dengan Cerucuk Bambu .................................... 110Gambar 3.39 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui jendela ................................. 111Gambar 3.40 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui Lubang Atap ........................ 111Gambar 3.41 Shadowing ....................................................................... 113Gambar 3.42 Moonlighting ..................................................................... 113Gambar 3.43 Uplighting ......................................................................... 113Gambar 3.44 Lampu Jalan ..................................................................... 113Gambar 3.45 Lampu Taman .................................................................. 114Gambar 3.46 Spot Light ......................................................................... 114Gambar 3.47 Fungsi Tanaman .............................................................. 116Gambar 3.48 Kran Air ............................................................................ 116Gambar 3.49 Water Sprinkle System ..................................................... 117Gambar 3.50 Material Kayu ................................................................... 117Gambar 3.51 Material Pasir ................................................................... 117Gambar 3.52 Material Kerikil .................................................................. 117Gambar 3.53 Material Batu Bata ............................................................ 118Gambar 3.54 Material Besi .................................................................... 118Gambar 3.55 Material Alumunium .......................................................... 118Gambar 3.56 Material Fiber ................................................................... 118Gambar 3.57 Material Beton .................................................................. 118Gambar 3.59 Papan Penunjuk Jalan ..................................................... 119Gambar 3.60 Bangku Taman ................................................................. 119Gambar 3.61 Lampu Taman .................................................................. 119Gambar 3.62 Gazebo ............................................................................ 119Gambar 3.63 Air Mancur ........................................................................ 119Gambar 3.64 Sclupture .......................................................................... 119Gambar 3.65 Rambu-rambu .................................................................. 120Gambar 3.66 Jenis Parkir ...................................................................... 120Gambar 3.67 Area Parkir ....................................................................... 121Gambar 3.68 Fire Hidrant ...................................................................... 126Gambar 3.69 Pillar Hydrant .................................................................... 126Gambar 3.70 Sprinkle ............................................................................ 126Gambar 3.71 Smoke Detectore .............................................................. 127Gambar 3.72 Lapisan Panel Surya ........................................................ 129Gambar 3.73 Bagian Panel Surya .......................................................... 130Gambar 3.74 Panel Surya Dengan Inverter ........................................... 132Gambar 3.75 Rangkaian Sel Surya ........................................................ 133Gambar 3.76 Jenis Polikristal ................................................................ 136Gambar 3.77 Jenis Monokristal .............................................................. 136Gambar 3.78 Lapisan Tanaman Pada Atap ........................................... 137Gambar 3.79 CCTV ............................................................................... 138Gambar 3.80 Peta Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ................................... 141Gambar 3.81 Peta Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 1 .................................... 145Gambar 3.82 Peta CAD Tapak 1 ........................................................... 145Gambar 3.84 Peta Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 2 .................................... 148Gambar 3.85 Peta CAD Tapak 2 ........................................................... 148Gambar 3.86 Foto ket. Alternatif Pemilihan Tapak 2 .............................. 149

  Bab IV. Program Arsitektur Gambar 4.1 Skenario Kegiatan Pengunjung ......................................... 158 Gambar 4.2 Slide Construction ............................................................. 164 Gambar 4.3 Kurva Sebagian ................................................................. 164 Gambar 4.4 Struktur Seluncur ............................................................... 164 Gambar 4.5 Pondasi Batu Kali Dengan Cerucuk Bambu ...................... 167 Gambar 4.6 Pondasi Footplat Dengan Cerucuk Bambu ........................ 167 Gambar 4.7 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui jendela .................................. 169 Gambar 4.8 Pencahayaan Alami Melalui Lubang Atap ......................... 169 Gambar 4.9 Lampu Taman ................................................................... 170 Gambar 4.10 Spot Light Kolam Renang ................................................ 170 Gambar 4.11 Spot Light Pohon ............................................................. 170 Gambar 4.12 Estetika Lampu Dalam Ruang ......................................... 171 Gambar 4.13 Pohon Tanjung ................................................................ 172 Gambar 4.14 Pohon Asem Jawa .......................................................... 172 Gambar 4.15 Pohon Trembesi .............................................................. 172 Gambar 4.16 Pohon Palem Poenix ....................................................... 172 Gambar 4.17 Pohon Glodokan Tiang .................................................... 172 Gambar 4.18 Batu Bata ........................................................................ 172 Gambar 4.19 Batu Alam ........................................................................ 172

Gambar 4.21 Bangku Taman ................................................................ 173Gambar 4.22 Gazebo ........................................................................... 173Gambar 4.23 Lampu Jalan .................................................................... 173Gambar 4.24 Lampu Taman ................................................................. 173Gambar 4.25 Sclupture ......................................................................... 174Gambar 4.26 Rambu-rambu ................................................................. 174Gambar 4.27 Papan Penunjuk Jalan .................................................... 174Gambar 4.28 Tong Sampah .................................................................. 174Gambar 4.29 Area Parkir ...................................................................... 175Gambar 4.30 Area Parkir Tampak Depan ............................................. 175Gambar 4.31 Area Parkir Tampak Atas ................................................ 175Gambar 4.32 Fire Hydrant .................................................................... 176Gambar 4.33 Pillar Hydrant ................................................................... 176Gambar 4.34 Sprinkle ........................................................................... 176Gambar 4.35 Smoke Detectore ............................................................. 176Gambar 4.36 Jet Pump ......................................................................... 177Gambar 4.38 Sistem Sirkulasi Air Kolam .............................................. 178Gambar 4.39 Pompa Air ....................................................................... 179Gambar 4.40 Filter ................................................................................ 179Gambar 4.41 Heater ............................................................................. 179Gambar 4.42 Return ............................................................................. 179Gambar 4.43 Tank Water Treatment ..................................................... 181Gambar 4.44 Skema Water Treatment System ..................................... 181Gambar 4.45 Peta CAD Alternatif Tapak 2 ........................................... 187Gambar 4.47 Kondisi Tapak ................................................................. 187Gambar 4.48 Kondisi Tapak ................................................................. 188Gambar 4.49 Kondisi Sungai Pada Tapak ............................................ 188Gambar 4.50 Vegetasi Pada Tapak ...................................................... 188Gambar 4.51 Kondisi Jalan Tapak ........................................................ 188

  Bab V. Kajian Teori Gambar 5.1 Tree Tenants ....................................................................... 195 Gambar 5.2 Window Right ...................................................................... 196 Gambar 5.3 Uneven Floor....................................................................... 196 Gambar 5.4 Hot Springs Village .............................................................. 198 Gambar 5.5 Atap Hot Springs Village ..................................................... 199 Gambar 5.6 Fasad Bangunan Hot Springs Village .................................. 199 Gambar 5.7 The Forest Spiral ................................................................. 200 Gambar 5.8 Fasad Menara The Forest Spiral ......................................... 201 Gambar 5.9 Pohon Kontrol Radiasi Matahari .......................................... 210 Gambar 5.10 Pohon Pengendali Angin ................................................... 210 Gambar 5.11 Pohon Peredam Bising ...................................................... 210 Gambar 5.12 Pohon Penyaring Udara .................................................... 211 Gambar 5.13 Pohon Kelapa .................................................................... 211 Gambar 5.14 Pohon Flamboyant ............................................................ 211 Gambar 5.15 Pohon Beringin .................................................................. 211 Gambar 5.16 Ruang Bentuk Lorong ....................................................... 213 Gambar 5.17 Ruang Bentuk Linier .......................................................... 213

Gambar 5.19 Ruang Bentuk Mekanis ..................................................... 213Gambar 5.20 Pencapaian Frontal ........................................................... 214Gambar 5.21 Pencapaian Kesamping .................................................... 214Gambar 5.22 Pencapaian Memutar ........................................................ 214Gambar 5.23 Waterboom Bali ................................................................. 215

  DAFTAR TABEL

  Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air Tabel 2.1 Waktu Operasional ................................................................. 20 Tabel 2.2 Data Kunjungan Wisatawan .................................................. 28 Tabel 2.3 Data Perkembangan Pengunjung ........................................... 28 Tabel 2.4 Luas Wilayah Administrasi Kab. Indramayu ........................... 29 Tabel 2.5 Data Pengunjung Water Blaster ............................................. 37 Tabel 2.6 Kelebihan Kekurangan Water Blaster ..................................... 42 Tabel 2.7 Kelebihan Kekurangan Water World ...................................... 45 Bab III. Analisa Pendekatan Program Arsitektur Tabel 3.1 Pengelompokkan Pelaku ........................................................ 49 Tabel 3.2 Aktivitas Utama ...................................................................... 51 Tabel 3.3 Aktivitas Pendukung Utama .................................................... 51 Tabel 3.4 Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................. 52 Tabel 3.5 Aktivitas Servis ........................................................................ 54 Tabel 3.6 Keterangan Waktu Aktivitas Pelaku ........................................ 57 Tabel 3.7 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................... 60 Tabel 3.8 Kebutuhan Ruang Indoor dan Outdoor ................................... 63 Tabel 3.9 Studi Jumlah Pelaku ............................................................... 73 Tabel 3.10 Data Pengunjung Wisata Situ Bolang ................................... 74 Tabel 3.11 Besaran Ruang Area Wahana Permainan Air ...................... 78 Tabel 3.12 Besaran Ruang Area Pendukung Utama .............................. 80 Tabel 3.13 Besaran Ruang Area Penunjang .......................................... 83 Tabel 3.14 Besaran Ruang Area Pengelola ........................................... 84

Tabel 3.16 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang Indoor ..................................... 90Tabel 3.17 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang Outdoor .................................. 91Tabel 3.18 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Atap Beton .................................... 96

Tabel 3.19 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Atap Kayu ..................................... 97Tabel 3.20 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Atap Baja Ringan .......................... 98

Tabel 3.21 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Atap Space Truss ......................... 99

Tabel 3.22 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Dinding Masif ................................ 101

Tabel 3.23 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Struktur Rangka ............................ 101

Tabel 3.24 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Struktur Dinding Sejajar ................ 102Tabel 3.25 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Dinding Batu Bata ......................... 103

Tabel 3.26 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Dinding Kaca ................................ 103

Tabel 3.27 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Batu Alam ..................................... 104

Tabel 3.28 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Dinding ACP ................................. 104

Tabel 3.29 Kelebihan – Kekurangan Ubin .............................................. 106Tabel 3.30 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Pondasi Batu Kali ......................... 107

Tabel 3.31 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Pondasi Footplat ........................... 108

Tabel 3.32 Kelebihan

• – Kekurangan Pondasi Sarang Laba-laba ........... 109

Tabel 3.33 Kecamatan di Kab. Indramayu ............................................. 139Tabel 3.34 Keadaan Geografis Wilayah Kab. Indramayu ....................... 141

  Bab IV. Program Arsitektur Tabel 4.1 Program Ruang ...................................................................... 159 Tabel 4.2 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Indoor ......................................... 162 Tabel 4.3 Kebutuhan Besaran Ruang Outdoor ...................................... 162

  Bab V. Kajian Teori Tabel 5.1 Analisis Bangunan Karya Hundertwasser ............................... 202 Tabel 5.2 Peletakan Tanaman ............................................................... 212

  DAFTAR DIAGRAM

  Bab I. Pendahuluan Diagram 1.1 Bagian Alur Pikir ............................................................... 8 Bab II. Tinjauan Wahana Permainan Air Diagram 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola ........................................... 19 Bab III. Analisa pendekatan Program Arsitektur Diagram 3.1 Skema Pola Aktifitas Pengunjung ...................................... 55 Diagram 3.2 Skema Pola Aktivitas Pengelola dan Karyawan ................. 56 Diagram 3.3 Skema Pola Aktivitas Servis .............................................. 56 Diagram 3.4 Zoning Makro ..................................................................... 62 Diagram 3.5 Zoning Mikro ...................................................................... 63 Diagram 3.6 Pola Aktivitas Pendaki ....................................................... 66 Diagram 3.7 Proses Pembuatan Kolam Renang .................................... 72 Diagram 3.8 Pencahayaan Alami ........................................................... 110 Diagram 3.9 Aliran Jaringan Listrik ........................................................ 121 Diagram 3.10 Aliran Jaringan Air Bersih ................................................ 122 Diagram 3.11 Jaringan Limbah Padat & Cair ......................................... 123 Diagram 3.12 Jaringan Air Kolam .......................................................... 123 Diagram 3.13 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ......................................... 124 Diagram 3.14 Sistem Komunikasi Internal .............................................. 125 Diagram 3.15 Sistem Komunikasi Eksternal............................................ 125 Diagram 3.16 Sistem Penanganan Kebakaran ...................................... 128

  Diagram 4.1 Program Kegiatan .............................................................. 157 Diagram 4.2 Skenario Kegiatan Pengunjung ......................................... 158 Diagram 4.3 Skenario Hubungan Antar Ruang ...................................... 160 Diagram 4.4 Pencahayaan Alami ............................................................ 169 Diagram 4.5 Sistem Jaringan Air Bersih .................................................. 177 Diagram 4.6 Jet Pump ............................................................................ 176 Diagram 4.7 Skema Water Treatment System ........................................ 178 Diagram 4.8 Jaringan Limbah Padat & Cair ............................................ 182 Diagram 4.9 Sistem Pembuangan Sampah ............................................ 183 Diagram 4.10 Aliran Jaringan Listrik ....................................................... 184 Diagram 4.11 Sistem Komunikasi Internal .............................................. 185 Diagram 4.12 Sistem Komunikasi Ekternal ............................................. 186