Grammatical Errors found In Student Of English department’s Essay
GRAMMATICAL ERRORSFOUND IN STUDENT OF
ENGLISHDEPARTMENT’S ESSAY
ATHESIS
BY
SELVIEAGUSTINA
PUTRIREG. NO.100705085
DEPARTMENTOFENGLISH
FACULTYOFCULTURALSTUDIES
UNIVERSITY OFSUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN2015
GRAMMATICALERRORSFOUNDINSTUDENTOFENGLISH
DEPARTMENT’SESSAY
ATHESIS
BY
SELVIE AGUSTINAPUTRI
REGNO100705085
SUPERVISOR
CO– SUPERVISOR
Dr. RidwanHanafiah, SH. MA
Drs.
YulianusHarefa,M.Ed.TESOLNIP. 19560705 198903 1 002
NIP.
19610703 198601 1 001
SubmittedtoFacultyofCulturalStudiesofSumateraUtaraMedaninpartial
fulfillmentoftherequirements forthedegreeofSarjanaSastrafrom Departmentof
English
DEPARTMENT OFENGLISH
FACULTYOFCULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITYOFSUMATERAUTARA
MEDAN2015
ApprovedbytheDepartmentofEnglish,FacultyofCulturalStudiesUniversity of
Sumatera Utara (USU) MedanasthesisfortheSarjanaSastra Examination
Head,
Secretary,
Dr.H.Muhizar Muchtar,MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuty, MA.Ph.D
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted bytheBoardofExaminers inpartialfulfillmentofrequirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
CulturalStudies Universityof Sumatera Utara
The examination is held in the Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara onSaturday, July4, 2015
TheDeanof Facultyof CulturalStudies
Universityof Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. SyahronLubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Boardof Examiners
Signature
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,MS
Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti,
SyahronLubis, MA
RidwanHanafiah, SH.MA
………………
MA.Ph.D………………
Dr.
H.
……………… Dr.
………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstofall,I
wouldlike
topraiseandgivethegreatesthonor
to
theHeavenly
FathertheAlmightyGodinthenameofJesusChristwhohasalwaysbeengiving
Hisblessing,guidanceandspirittofinishmy studyespecially incompletingthis thesis.
Inthisopportunity,IwouldliketoexpressmyhighappreciationtoDr.H.
SyahronLubis,MA,theDeanofFacultyofCulturalStudies,andDr.H.Muhizar
Muchtar,
MS, to theHead of English Department, and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA.
Ph.DastheSecretary
ofEnglishDepartment,whohavegivenmefacilitiesand
opportunitiesincompleting
MA,my
thisthesis..AndalsothanktoDr.RidwanHanafiah,SH.
supervisor,andDrs.YulianusHarefa,M.Ed.TESOL,my
thankyoufortheirtime,
co-supervisor,
thought,suggestionandsupportinordertoguidemein
writingthisthesis.Gratitudegoestoall my lecturerswhohavesharedtheirprecious thought
and valuableknowledge through myacademicyears.
My
lovely
thankstomybeloved,supportive,andgreatfamily,my
bestfather
FaridChilmi,my
lovely
adorablepowerfulmotherSellyFondaEllyanceGinting.Moreover,Ithanktomylovingbrot
hersandsister
KapitJakaSeptiantoandMariaAnastasyaandmy
FarisNdemmyKristantoPutra,
cousinJoiceChristinSitumorang
thelatefor their loving, caring, andkindness thatencouraged metofinish this thesis. God
blessyou all and Iwill alwaysloveyou forever more.
Thankyouso much to thosewhohas beengiving methejoy,laughter and
manyotherthings,SarahIsrailaBangun,MargarethaSitumorang,MestikaPasaribu.
Iloveyouguys, thankyou for everything wehavebeen through.
i
Alsospecialthanktomylovelybrother,ApenielSentosaWaruwu,forgiving
meabeautifulmomentsandsupporttofinishthisthesis.Lastbutnotleast,many
thanksformyfriendsofbatch2010inEnglishDepartmentwhohadbeenbeing
with
meinfiveyearsmy lifeincampus,sorryIcannotmentionyournames.Seeyouin betterlife.
Fighting!
Medan, Juni2015
Writer,
SelvieAgustinaPutri
ii
ABSTRACT
This thesis dealtwith theanalysis ofgrammaticalerrorfound inStudents’ Essay.
objectivesofthestudy
weretofindoutthetypesofgrammaticalerror,themost
dominanttypeofgrammaticalerrorandtheimpactsofitforreaders.thisanalysis
wasconductedbyusingdescriptivequalitativemethod.objectofthisanalysiswas
thestudents’essay
ofenglishdepartmentwhichconsistsoftwenty
(20)essays.therewerenine(9)grammaticalerrors
whichbecamethefocus
in
this
analysis,namely:
subjectverbagreement,singularplural,toinfinitive,passivevoice,
forms of adjective,redundancy,preposition,parallelstructure,and misplacedword.The
findings showed that there were nine (9) types of grammatical error found in
Students’Essay,theywere:subjectverbagreement30items(28.84%),preposition
23 items (22.11%), passive voice 14 items (13.46%), singular plural 10 items
(9.61%), to infinitive9 items (8.65%), forms of adjective5 items (4.80%), redundancy
5items(4.80%),misplacedword5items(4.80%),andparallelstructure
3 items (2.88%).SubjectVerbAgreementwas proven tobethemostdominant
grammaticalerrorinthestudents’essay anditmadereadersconfusedtounderstand the
essays.
Keyword:grammaticalerror, essay
ABSTRAK
Penelitian iniberkaitan dengan analisaakangrammatical error akan Students’ Essay.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukanjenis-jenis kesalahan
penggunaankatadalamkalimat,grammatical erroryang paling mendominasi,dan
dampakbagipembacaketika merekamenemukangrammatical errorspadaStudents’
Essay.Skripsiinimenggunakanmetodedeskriptifkualitatif.Bahanuntukskripsi
ini
adalahStudents’EssaydariJurusanInggrissebanyak20essay.Adasembilan(9)
jenisgrammatical error yangmenjadifokus skripsi ini,yaitu:subjectverb agreement,
singularplural, toinfinitive,passivevoice, formsof adjective,redundancy, preposition,
parallelstructure,
danmisplaced
word.
Penemuan
menunjukkan
bahwa
ada9jenisgrammaticalerroryangditemukandiStudents’Essay,yaitu:
subjectverb
agreement30kalimat(28.84%),preposition23kalimat(22.11%),
passivevoice14
kalimat(13.46%), singular plural10 kalimat(9.61%), toinfinitive9 kalimat(8.65%),
formsofadjective5kalimat(4.80%),redundancy5kalimat(4.80%),misplaced
word5kalimat(4.80%),and
parallelstructure3
kalimat(2.88%).SubjectVerb
Agreementterbuktimenjadigrammatical erroryang paling dominanpadaStudents’
Essay
danhalinimembuatpembacakesulitanuntukmendapatkanmaknadariessay
tersebut.
Katakunci:kesalahan kata, karangan bebas
TABLE OFCONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR DECLARATION
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
TABLE OFCONTENTS.................................................................................
i
CHAPTERI
INTRODUCTION..................................................................
1
1.1 Background of theStudy....................................................
1
1.2 Problemof theStudy ..........................................................
4
1.3 Objectivesof theStudy.....................................................
4
1.4 Scopeof theStudy.............................................................
5
1.5 Significanceof theStudy...................................................
5
CHAPTERII REVIEWOFLITERATURE...............................................
7
2.1 Definition of Linguistics.....................................................
7
2.2 SubfieldsofLinguistics.......................................................
8
2.3 Syntax................................................................................. 10
2.4 Grammar............................................................................ 11
2.4.1 SubjectVerb Agreement................................................. 12
2.4.2 SingularPlural................................................................. 15
2.4.3 To Infinitive....................................................................19
i
2.4.4 PassiveVoice..................................................................
20
2.4.5FormsofAdjective..........................................................
20
2.4.6 Redundancy.....................................................................
22
2.4.7 Preposition......................................................................
22
2.4.8 ParalleismStructure........................................................
24
2.4.9 Missplaced Word............................................................
25
2.5 TheImpactsof Grammatical in Essay...............................
25
CHAPTER IIIMETHODOFRESEARCH...................................................
27
3.1 Research Method ................................................................ 27
3.2 Population and Simple.......................................................
28
3.3Location and Timeof Observation....................................
29
3.4 DataCollectingMethod.....................................................
29
3.5 DataAnalyzing Method.....................................................
30
CHAPTER IVANALYSISANDFINDING ..................................................
32
4.1 DataAnalysis.....................................................................
32
4.2 TypesofGrammaticalError..............................................
32
4.2.1 SubjectVerb Agreement.................................................
32
4.2.2 Singular Plural.................................................................
43
4.2.3 To Infinitive....................................................................
48
4.2.4 PassiveVoice..................................................................
52
4.2.5FormsofAdjective..........................................................
58
4.2.6 Redudancy ......................................................................
61
ii
4.2.7 Preposition......................................................................
63
4.2.8 ParallelStructure.............................................................
72
4.2.9 Misplaced Word..............................................................
74
4.3Finding...............................................................................
76
4.4 TheImpactof GrammaticalError......................................
79
CHAPTERV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..................................
80
5.1 Conclusion..........................................................................
80
5.2 Suggestion..........................................................................
81
REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 82
APPENDIX
iii
ENGLISHDEPARTMENT’S ESSAY
ATHESIS
BY
SELVIEAGUSTINA
PUTRIREG. NO.100705085
DEPARTMENTOFENGLISH
FACULTYOFCULTURALSTUDIES
UNIVERSITY OFSUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN2015
GRAMMATICALERRORSFOUNDINSTUDENTOFENGLISH
DEPARTMENT’SESSAY
ATHESIS
BY
SELVIE AGUSTINAPUTRI
REGNO100705085
SUPERVISOR
CO– SUPERVISOR
Dr. RidwanHanafiah, SH. MA
Drs.
YulianusHarefa,M.Ed.TESOLNIP. 19560705 198903 1 002
NIP.
19610703 198601 1 001
SubmittedtoFacultyofCulturalStudiesofSumateraUtaraMedaninpartial
fulfillmentoftherequirements forthedegreeofSarjanaSastrafrom Departmentof
English
DEPARTMENT OFENGLISH
FACULTYOFCULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITYOFSUMATERAUTARA
MEDAN2015
ApprovedbytheDepartmentofEnglish,FacultyofCulturalStudiesUniversity of
Sumatera Utara (USU) MedanasthesisfortheSarjanaSastra Examination
Head,
Secretary,
Dr.H.Muhizar Muchtar,MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuty, MA.Ph.D
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted bytheBoardofExaminers inpartialfulfillmentofrequirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
CulturalStudies Universityof Sumatera Utara
The examination is held in the Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara onSaturday, July4, 2015
TheDeanof Facultyof CulturalStudies
Universityof Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. SyahronLubis, MA
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Boardof Examiners
Signature
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,MS
Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti,
SyahronLubis, MA
RidwanHanafiah, SH.MA
………………
MA.Ph.D………………
Dr.
H.
……………… Dr.
………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstofall,I
wouldlike
topraiseandgivethegreatesthonor
to
theHeavenly
FathertheAlmightyGodinthenameofJesusChristwhohasalwaysbeengiving
Hisblessing,guidanceandspirittofinishmy studyespecially incompletingthis thesis.
Inthisopportunity,IwouldliketoexpressmyhighappreciationtoDr.H.
SyahronLubis,MA,theDeanofFacultyofCulturalStudies,andDr.H.Muhizar
Muchtar,
MS, to theHead of English Department, and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA.
Ph.DastheSecretary
ofEnglishDepartment,whohavegivenmefacilitiesand
opportunitiesincompleting
MA,my
thisthesis..AndalsothanktoDr.RidwanHanafiah,SH.
supervisor,andDrs.YulianusHarefa,M.Ed.TESOL,my
thankyoufortheirtime,
co-supervisor,
thought,suggestionandsupportinordertoguidemein
writingthisthesis.Gratitudegoestoall my lecturerswhohavesharedtheirprecious thought
and valuableknowledge through myacademicyears.
My
lovely
thankstomybeloved,supportive,andgreatfamily,my
bestfather
FaridChilmi,my
lovely
adorablepowerfulmotherSellyFondaEllyanceGinting.Moreover,Ithanktomylovingbrot
hersandsister
KapitJakaSeptiantoandMariaAnastasyaandmy
FarisNdemmyKristantoPutra,
cousinJoiceChristinSitumorang
thelatefor their loving, caring, andkindness thatencouraged metofinish this thesis. God
blessyou all and Iwill alwaysloveyou forever more.
Thankyouso much to thosewhohas beengiving methejoy,laughter and
manyotherthings,SarahIsrailaBangun,MargarethaSitumorang,MestikaPasaribu.
Iloveyouguys, thankyou for everything wehavebeen through.
i
Alsospecialthanktomylovelybrother,ApenielSentosaWaruwu,forgiving
meabeautifulmomentsandsupporttofinishthisthesis.Lastbutnotleast,many
thanksformyfriendsofbatch2010inEnglishDepartmentwhohadbeenbeing
with
meinfiveyearsmy lifeincampus,sorryIcannotmentionyournames.Seeyouin betterlife.
Fighting!
Medan, Juni2015
Writer,
SelvieAgustinaPutri
ii
ABSTRACT
This thesis dealtwith theanalysis ofgrammaticalerrorfound inStudents’ Essay.
objectivesofthestudy
weretofindoutthetypesofgrammaticalerror,themost
dominanttypeofgrammaticalerrorandtheimpactsofitforreaders.thisanalysis
wasconductedbyusingdescriptivequalitativemethod.objectofthisanalysiswas
thestudents’essay
ofenglishdepartmentwhichconsistsoftwenty
(20)essays.therewerenine(9)grammaticalerrors
whichbecamethefocus
in
this
analysis,namely:
subjectverbagreement,singularplural,toinfinitive,passivevoice,
forms of adjective,redundancy,preposition,parallelstructure,and misplacedword.The
findings showed that there were nine (9) types of grammatical error found in
Students’Essay,theywere:subjectverbagreement30items(28.84%),preposition
23 items (22.11%), passive voice 14 items (13.46%), singular plural 10 items
(9.61%), to infinitive9 items (8.65%), forms of adjective5 items (4.80%), redundancy
5items(4.80%),misplacedword5items(4.80%),andparallelstructure
3 items (2.88%).SubjectVerbAgreementwas proven tobethemostdominant
grammaticalerrorinthestudents’essay anditmadereadersconfusedtounderstand the
essays.
Keyword:grammaticalerror, essay
ABSTRAK
Penelitian iniberkaitan dengan analisaakangrammatical error akan Students’ Essay.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukanjenis-jenis kesalahan
penggunaankatadalamkalimat,grammatical erroryang paling mendominasi,dan
dampakbagipembacaketika merekamenemukangrammatical errorspadaStudents’
Essay.Skripsiinimenggunakanmetodedeskriptifkualitatif.Bahanuntukskripsi
ini
adalahStudents’EssaydariJurusanInggrissebanyak20essay.Adasembilan(9)
jenisgrammatical error yangmenjadifokus skripsi ini,yaitu:subjectverb agreement,
singularplural, toinfinitive,passivevoice, formsof adjective,redundancy, preposition,
parallelstructure,
danmisplaced
word.
Penemuan
menunjukkan
bahwa
ada9jenisgrammaticalerroryangditemukandiStudents’Essay,yaitu:
subjectverb
agreement30kalimat(28.84%),preposition23kalimat(22.11%),
passivevoice14
kalimat(13.46%), singular plural10 kalimat(9.61%), toinfinitive9 kalimat(8.65%),
formsofadjective5kalimat(4.80%),redundancy5kalimat(4.80%),misplaced
word5kalimat(4.80%),and
parallelstructure3
kalimat(2.88%).SubjectVerb
Agreementterbuktimenjadigrammatical erroryang paling dominanpadaStudents’
Essay
danhalinimembuatpembacakesulitanuntukmendapatkanmaknadariessay
tersebut.
Katakunci:kesalahan kata, karangan bebas
TABLE OFCONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR DECLARATION
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
TABLE OFCONTENTS.................................................................................
i
CHAPTERI
INTRODUCTION..................................................................
1
1.1 Background of theStudy....................................................
1
1.2 Problemof theStudy ..........................................................
4
1.3 Objectivesof theStudy.....................................................
4
1.4 Scopeof theStudy.............................................................
5
1.5 Significanceof theStudy...................................................
5
CHAPTERII REVIEWOFLITERATURE...............................................
7
2.1 Definition of Linguistics.....................................................
7
2.2 SubfieldsofLinguistics.......................................................
8
2.3 Syntax................................................................................. 10
2.4 Grammar............................................................................ 11
2.4.1 SubjectVerb Agreement................................................. 12
2.4.2 SingularPlural................................................................. 15
2.4.3 To Infinitive....................................................................19
i
2.4.4 PassiveVoice..................................................................
20
2.4.5FormsofAdjective..........................................................
20
2.4.6 Redundancy.....................................................................
22
2.4.7 Preposition......................................................................
22
2.4.8 ParalleismStructure........................................................
24
2.4.9 Missplaced Word............................................................
25
2.5 TheImpactsof Grammatical in Essay...............................
25
CHAPTER IIIMETHODOFRESEARCH...................................................
27
3.1 Research Method ................................................................ 27
3.2 Population and Simple.......................................................
28
3.3Location and Timeof Observation....................................
29
3.4 DataCollectingMethod.....................................................
29
3.5 DataAnalyzing Method.....................................................
30
CHAPTER IVANALYSISANDFINDING ..................................................
32
4.1 DataAnalysis.....................................................................
32
4.2 TypesofGrammaticalError..............................................
32
4.2.1 SubjectVerb Agreement.................................................
32
4.2.2 Singular Plural.................................................................
43
4.2.3 To Infinitive....................................................................
48
4.2.4 PassiveVoice..................................................................
52
4.2.5FormsofAdjective..........................................................
58
4.2.6 Redudancy ......................................................................
61
ii
4.2.7 Preposition......................................................................
63
4.2.8 ParallelStructure.............................................................
72
4.2.9 Misplaced Word..............................................................
74
4.3Finding...............................................................................
76
4.4 TheImpactof GrammaticalError......................................
79
CHAPTERV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..................................
80
5.1 Conclusion..........................................................................
80
5.2 Suggestion..........................................................................
81
REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 82
APPENDIX
iii