Pengaruh Aplikasi Probiotik Terhadap Kualitas Air Dan Pertumbuhan Udang Litopenaeus vannamei
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Alabi AO,Yudiati E & Jones DA. 1996. Bacterial level on peneid larvae culture.
December-January 1996. Bangkok. Thailand. World Aquaculture
Conference.
Antony SP & Philip R. 2006. Bioremedition in shrimp culture system. NAGA,
Worldfish Center Quarte r29: 62-66.
Atmomarsono M, Muliani & Nurbaya. 2005. Pengaruh komposisi jenis bakteri
probiotik terhadap kualitas air dan sintasan pasca larva udang windu pada
skala laboratorium dalam Rachmansyah A. Sudaryono D. Yaniharto M.
Nadjib & Purnomo. Prosiding konferensi nasional akuakultur. Makasar : 2325.
Austin B & Austin DA. 1999. Bacterial Fish pathogen, Disease of farmed and
wild fish, 3 rd (revised) ed. Spriger-Praxis, Goldman: 263-296.
Badjoeri M & Widiyanto T. 2008. Pengaruh pemberian konsorsium bakteri
terhadap kondisi kualitas air tambak dan pertumbuhan udang windu
(Penaeus monodon Fab.). Limnotek ke 15: 40-45.
Batubara H. 2005. Invitro sensitivitas test mencari bakteri probiotik pengontrol
pertumbuhan Vibrio harveyi penyebab vibriosis. Prosiding pertemuan lintas
UPT regional air payau dan laut.
Boyd CE. 1981. Water quality management for pond fish culture. Elsevier
Scientific Publishing Company. Amsterdam. The Netherlands :318.
Boyd CE. 1982. Water quality in warm water fish pond. Auburn University
Agricultural Experimenta Station. Auburn. Alabama.
Boyd CE. 1990.Water quality in fishpond for aquaculture. Alabama Agricultural
Experiment Stasiun. Auburn University. Alabama. Birmingham Publishing
Co USA :482.
Boyd CE. 1992. Shrimp pond soil and sediment management. Proceedings of the
special session on shrimp farming.World Aquaculture Society. Batton
Rouge. LA-USA :166-181.
Bray WA, Lawrance AL, Leung J & Trujillo R. 1994. The effect salinity on
growth and survival of Penaeus vannamei with observation and interaction
of IHHN virus and salinity. Aquacultur 122: 133-145.
Burhanuddin & Gunarto. 2008. Penambahan probiotik komersil dibandingkan
dengan penambahan pemupukan susulan pada pemeliharaan benur windu
skala laboratorium. Prosiding seminar dan konferensi seminar nasional
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2008. Bidang budidaya perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan ilmu kelautan.
Universitas brawijaya. Malang: 185- 188.
Cabello EC. 2006. Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a
growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. J
Environ Microbiol 8 (1): 1137-1144.
Colt JE & Amstrong DA. 1981. Nitrogen toxicity to crustaceans, fish, and
molluscs.
In: Allen LJ. Kinney EC. (Eds), Proceedings of the Bio-Engineering
Syamposium for Fish Culture. Fish Culture Section, American Fisheries
Society. Northeast Society of Conservation Engineers, Bethesda, MD: 3437.
Cuzon GA, Lawrance G, Gaxiol C, Rosa C & Guillaume J. 2004. Nutrition of
Litopenaeus vannamei reared in tanks or in ponds. Aquaculture 235: 513551.
Dalmin GK, Kathiresan K & Purushothama A. 2001. Effect of probiotics on
bacteria population and health status of shrimp in culture pond ecosysten.
Indian J Exp Biol 39: 930-942.
Decamp O & Moriarty D. 2007. Aquaculture spesies profit from probiotics. Feed
Mix15: 20-23.
Departemen Perikanan dan Kelautan. 2002. Statistik Perikanan Indonesia. Jakarta.
Departemen Perikanan dan Kelautan.
Deeseenthum SV, Leelavatcharamas J & Brooks JD. 2007. Effect of feeding
Bacillus sp as probiotic bacteria on growth of giant freshwater prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man). Pakistan Journal of Biological
Science 10: 1481-1485.
Devaraja TN, Yusoff FM & Shariff M. 2002. Change in bacterial population and
shrimp production in ponds treated with commercial microbial products.
Aquaculture 206: 245-256.
Dinas Kelautandan Perikanan (DKP). 2007. Penerapan best management practices
(BMP) pada budidaya udang intensif. Jepara: Direktorat Jendral Perikanan
Budidaya Air Payau.
Effendie MI. 1979. Metode Biologi Perikanan. Cetakan pertama. Yayasan Dwi Sri
Bogor: 112.
Effendie MI. 2005. Fungsi probiotik dalam budidaya perikanan. Diakses dari
www.unila.ac.id. Pada tanggal 2 Juni 2014.
Effendie H. 2003. Telaah kualitas air bagi pegolahan sumberdaya dan lingkungan
perairan. Kanisius : Yogyakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
FAO. 2006. Food and agriculture organisation of the united nations. Fisheries
Departement and Statistical Database and Software Version 230
www.FAO.org( 20 April 2013).
Fardiaz S. 1992. Mikrobiologi pangan 1. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta : 168.
Fast AW & Lester LJ. 1992. Pond Dynamic Processes. In: Fast AW & Leter
(Eds). Marine Shrimp Culture, Principles ad Practices. Elsevier Science
Publication. Amsterdam: 431-455.
Farzanfar A. 2006. The use probiotics in shrimp aquaculture. FEMS Immunol
Med Microbiol 48: 149-158.
Fegan DF. 2003. Budidaya udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Asia Gold
coin Indonesia specialities. Jakarta.
Fuller R. 1989. A review, probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied
Bacteriology 66: 365-378.
Fuller R. 1992. History and development of probiotics. In: Fuller R. (Ed)
Probiotic: the Scientific Basis. Vol.232. London. Chapman and Hall.
London: 1-8.
Gatesoupe FJ. 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180: 147165. Gautier DM. Bastidas L. Aragon W. Urango C. Ramos S. Garcia JA.
Pastrana & Newmark F. The relative importance of natural food and
pelleted feed in the gut content of Litopenaeus vannamei raised in semi –
intensive ponds- role of benthic diatoms, Aquaculture 2001. The Annual
International Conference and Exhibition of the World Aquaculture Society
Books of Abstracts, Jan 21-25, 2001. Orlando. Florida. USA: 247.
Ghosh SA, Sinha K & Sahu C. 2008. Bioaugmentation in the growth and water
quality of livebreading ornamental fishes. Aquaculture Internasional 16:
393-403.
Ghufron MH, Kordi AB & Tanjung B. 2007. Pengolahan kualitas air dalam
budidaya perairan. Rineka cipta : Jakarta.
Gullian M, Thompson F & Rodriguez J. 2004. Selection of probiotic bacteria and
study of their immunoostimulatory effect in Panaeus vannamei.
Aquaculture 233: 1-14.
Gunarto, Tangko AM, Tampangallo BR & Muliani. 2006. Budidaya udang windu
(Panaeus monodon) di tambak dengan penambahan probiotik. J. Ris.
Akuakultur 1(3): 303-313.
Gunarto & Hendrajat EA. 2008. Budidayaudangvannamei, Litopenaeus vanname
ipola semi intensif dengan aplikasi beberapa jenis probiotik komersial. J.
Ris. Akuakultur 3(3): 339-349.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Harefa F. 1995. Pembudidayaan artemia untuk pakan udang dan ikan. PT.
Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Haryanti, Wardana BK, Permana IGN & Moria SB. 2005. Pemeliharaan larva
Litopenaeus vannamei melalui aplikasi bakteri probiotik Alteromonas sp.
BY-9 dalam Rahmansyah A. Sudaryono D. Yuniharto M. Nadjib,
Purnomo. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Akuakultur 2005. Makasar: 2325.
Herpher B. 1978. Ecological aspect of warm fishpondmanagement. In: Gerging,
S.D.(Ed). Ecology of Freshwater Fish Production. Blackwell SCI.
Publication Oxford: 447-468.
Intan SM, Haslinda H, Fadzillah M, Ishak MY & Osthman SZ. 2005. Production
of extracellular protease from marine Bacillus sp. Cultured in media
containing ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen source. Malay J
Microbiol 1: 30-34.
Irianto A. 2003. Probiotik akuakultur. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta: 125.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2009. Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam
angka. Jakarta: Pusat Data, Statistik dan informasi: 28.
Khasani I. 2007. Aplikasi probiotik menuju sistem budidaya perikanan
berkelanjutan. Media Akuakultur 2(2). 86-90.
Kusman. 2007. Antibiotik ancam ekspor udang Indonesia. Diakses di
http://budidaya lobster air tawar.com).[ 7 April 2013].
Lagler KF, Bardach JE, Miller RR & Passino DRM. 1962. Ichtyology. John
Willey and Sons. New York: 506.
Lovell RT. 1988. Nutrition and feeding of fish. An AVI Book. Van Nastrans
Reinhold. Auburn University. New York: 217.
Moriarty DJW. 1998. Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture
ponds. Aquaculture 164: 351-358.
Moriarty DJW. 1999. Diseases control in shrimp aquaculture with probiotic
bacteria. Di alam: Bell CR.Brylinski M. Johnson-GreenP. EditorMicrobial
biosystem:New Frontiers. Proceding of 8th, International Symposium on
Microbial Ecology, Halifax: atlantic Canada society for Microbial Ecology
:237-243.
New MB. 1999. Global aquaculture: Current trends and challengs for the 21
century. World Aquaculture 30: 63-79.
Nganro
N. 1999. Pengembangan paket bakteri probiotik penghambat
pertumbuhan bakteri pathogen Vibrio pada budidaya tambak udang. PAUHayati. ITB. Bandung.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Norvia I, Soraya, Wardani & Akbar J. 2011. Proceedings KNSI 1 (1) UNLAM.
Kalimantan Selatan.
Poernomo A. 1988. Pembuatan tambak udang di Indonesia. Departemen
pertanian. Badan penelitian dan pengembangan pertanian. Balai penelitian
perikanan budidaya pantai. Maros.
Poernomo A. 1998. Teknologi probiotik untuk mengatasi permasalahan tambak
udang dan lingkungan budidaya. Disampaikan pada seminar The National
Symposium on Development and Scientific and Technology Innovation in
aquaculture. Semarang. Januari : 27-29.
Purba CY. 2012. Performa pertumbuha, kelulusa hidup, dan kandungan nutrisi
larva udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannemei) melalui pemberian pakan
artemia produk lokal yang diperkaya dengan sel diatom. Journal of
Aquaculture Management and Technology 1(1): 102-115.
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kualitas kimiawi perairan tambak udang. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 3
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Universitas Sumatera Utara
Alabi AO,Yudiati E & Jones DA. 1996. Bacterial level on peneid larvae culture.
December-January 1996. Bangkok. Thailand. World Aquaculture
Conference.
Antony SP & Philip R. 2006. Bioremedition in shrimp culture system. NAGA,
Worldfish Center Quarte r29: 62-66.
Atmomarsono M, Muliani & Nurbaya. 2005. Pengaruh komposisi jenis bakteri
probiotik terhadap kualitas air dan sintasan pasca larva udang windu pada
skala laboratorium dalam Rachmansyah A. Sudaryono D. Yaniharto M.
Nadjib & Purnomo. Prosiding konferensi nasional akuakultur. Makasar : 2325.
Austin B & Austin DA. 1999. Bacterial Fish pathogen, Disease of farmed and
wild fish, 3 rd (revised) ed. Spriger-Praxis, Goldman: 263-296.
Badjoeri M & Widiyanto T. 2008. Pengaruh pemberian konsorsium bakteri
terhadap kondisi kualitas air tambak dan pertumbuhan udang windu
(Penaeus monodon Fab.). Limnotek ke 15: 40-45.
Batubara H. 2005. Invitro sensitivitas test mencari bakteri probiotik pengontrol
pertumbuhan Vibrio harveyi penyebab vibriosis. Prosiding pertemuan lintas
UPT regional air payau dan laut.
Boyd CE. 1981. Water quality management for pond fish culture. Elsevier
Scientific Publishing Company. Amsterdam. The Netherlands :318.
Boyd CE. 1982. Water quality in warm water fish pond. Auburn University
Agricultural Experimenta Station. Auburn. Alabama.
Boyd CE. 1990.Water quality in fishpond for aquaculture. Alabama Agricultural
Experiment Stasiun. Auburn University. Alabama. Birmingham Publishing
Co USA :482.
Boyd CE. 1992. Shrimp pond soil and sediment management. Proceedings of the
special session on shrimp farming.World Aquaculture Society. Batton
Rouge. LA-USA :166-181.
Bray WA, Lawrance AL, Leung J & Trujillo R. 1994. The effect salinity on
growth and survival of Penaeus vannamei with observation and interaction
of IHHN virus and salinity. Aquacultur 122: 133-145.
Burhanuddin & Gunarto. 2008. Penambahan probiotik komersil dibandingkan
dengan penambahan pemupukan susulan pada pemeliharaan benur windu
skala laboratorium. Prosiding seminar dan konferensi seminar nasional
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2008. Bidang budidaya perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan ilmu kelautan.
Universitas brawijaya. Malang: 185- 188.
Cabello EC. 2006. Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a
growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. J
Environ Microbiol 8 (1): 1137-1144.
Colt JE & Amstrong DA. 1981. Nitrogen toxicity to crustaceans, fish, and
molluscs.
In: Allen LJ. Kinney EC. (Eds), Proceedings of the Bio-Engineering
Syamposium for Fish Culture. Fish Culture Section, American Fisheries
Society. Northeast Society of Conservation Engineers, Bethesda, MD: 3437.
Cuzon GA, Lawrance G, Gaxiol C, Rosa C & Guillaume J. 2004. Nutrition of
Litopenaeus vannamei reared in tanks or in ponds. Aquaculture 235: 513551.
Dalmin GK, Kathiresan K & Purushothama A. 2001. Effect of probiotics on
bacteria population and health status of shrimp in culture pond ecosysten.
Indian J Exp Biol 39: 930-942.
Decamp O & Moriarty D. 2007. Aquaculture spesies profit from probiotics. Feed
Mix15: 20-23.
Departemen Perikanan dan Kelautan. 2002. Statistik Perikanan Indonesia. Jakarta.
Departemen Perikanan dan Kelautan.
Deeseenthum SV, Leelavatcharamas J & Brooks JD. 2007. Effect of feeding
Bacillus sp as probiotic bacteria on growth of giant freshwater prawn
(Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man). Pakistan Journal of Biological
Science 10: 1481-1485.
Devaraja TN, Yusoff FM & Shariff M. 2002. Change in bacterial population and
shrimp production in ponds treated with commercial microbial products.
Aquaculture 206: 245-256.
Dinas Kelautandan Perikanan (DKP). 2007. Penerapan best management practices
(BMP) pada budidaya udang intensif. Jepara: Direktorat Jendral Perikanan
Budidaya Air Payau.
Effendie MI. 1979. Metode Biologi Perikanan. Cetakan pertama. Yayasan Dwi Sri
Bogor: 112.
Effendie MI. 2005. Fungsi probiotik dalam budidaya perikanan. Diakses dari
www.unila.ac.id. Pada tanggal 2 Juni 2014.
Effendie H. 2003. Telaah kualitas air bagi pegolahan sumberdaya dan lingkungan
perairan. Kanisius : Yogyakarta.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
FAO. 2006. Food and agriculture organisation of the united nations. Fisheries
Departement and Statistical Database and Software Version 230
www.FAO.org( 20 April 2013).
Fardiaz S. 1992. Mikrobiologi pangan 1. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta : 168.
Fast AW & Lester LJ. 1992. Pond Dynamic Processes. In: Fast AW & Leter
(Eds). Marine Shrimp Culture, Principles ad Practices. Elsevier Science
Publication. Amsterdam: 431-455.
Farzanfar A. 2006. The use probiotics in shrimp aquaculture. FEMS Immunol
Med Microbiol 48: 149-158.
Fegan DF. 2003. Budidaya udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Asia Gold
coin Indonesia specialities. Jakarta.
Fuller R. 1989. A review, probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied
Bacteriology 66: 365-378.
Fuller R. 1992. History and development of probiotics. In: Fuller R. (Ed)
Probiotic: the Scientific Basis. Vol.232. London. Chapman and Hall.
London: 1-8.
Gatesoupe FJ. 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180: 147165. Gautier DM. Bastidas L. Aragon W. Urango C. Ramos S. Garcia JA.
Pastrana & Newmark F. The relative importance of natural food and
pelleted feed in the gut content of Litopenaeus vannamei raised in semi –
intensive ponds- role of benthic diatoms, Aquaculture 2001. The Annual
International Conference and Exhibition of the World Aquaculture Society
Books of Abstracts, Jan 21-25, 2001. Orlando. Florida. USA: 247.
Ghosh SA, Sinha K & Sahu C. 2008. Bioaugmentation in the growth and water
quality of livebreading ornamental fishes. Aquaculture Internasional 16:
393-403.
Ghufron MH, Kordi AB & Tanjung B. 2007. Pengolahan kualitas air dalam
budidaya perairan. Rineka cipta : Jakarta.
Gullian M, Thompson F & Rodriguez J. 2004. Selection of probiotic bacteria and
study of their immunoostimulatory effect in Panaeus vannamei.
Aquaculture 233: 1-14.
Gunarto, Tangko AM, Tampangallo BR & Muliani. 2006. Budidaya udang windu
(Panaeus monodon) di tambak dengan penambahan probiotik. J. Ris.
Akuakultur 1(3): 303-313.
Gunarto & Hendrajat EA. 2008. Budidayaudangvannamei, Litopenaeus vanname
ipola semi intensif dengan aplikasi beberapa jenis probiotik komersial. J.
Ris. Akuakultur 3(3): 339-349.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Harefa F. 1995. Pembudidayaan artemia untuk pakan udang dan ikan. PT.
Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Haryanti, Wardana BK, Permana IGN & Moria SB. 2005. Pemeliharaan larva
Litopenaeus vannamei melalui aplikasi bakteri probiotik Alteromonas sp.
BY-9 dalam Rahmansyah A. Sudaryono D. Yuniharto M. Nadjib,
Purnomo. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Akuakultur 2005. Makasar: 2325.
Herpher B. 1978. Ecological aspect of warm fishpondmanagement. In: Gerging,
S.D.(Ed). Ecology of Freshwater Fish Production. Blackwell SCI.
Publication Oxford: 447-468.
Intan SM, Haslinda H, Fadzillah M, Ishak MY & Osthman SZ. 2005. Production
of extracellular protease from marine Bacillus sp. Cultured in media
containing ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen source. Malay J
Microbiol 1: 30-34.
Irianto A. 2003. Probiotik akuakultur. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta: 125.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2009. Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam
angka. Jakarta: Pusat Data, Statistik dan informasi: 28.
Khasani I. 2007. Aplikasi probiotik menuju sistem budidaya perikanan
berkelanjutan. Media Akuakultur 2(2). 86-90.
Kusman. 2007. Antibiotik ancam ekspor udang Indonesia. Diakses di
http://budidaya lobster air tawar.com).[ 7 April 2013].
Lagler KF, Bardach JE, Miller RR & Passino DRM. 1962. Ichtyology. John
Willey and Sons. New York: 506.
Lovell RT. 1988. Nutrition and feeding of fish. An AVI Book. Van Nastrans
Reinhold. Auburn University. New York: 217.
Moriarty DJW. 1998. Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture
ponds. Aquaculture 164: 351-358.
Moriarty DJW. 1999. Diseases control in shrimp aquaculture with probiotic
bacteria. Di alam: Bell CR.Brylinski M. Johnson-GreenP. EditorMicrobial
biosystem:New Frontiers. Proceding of 8th, International Symposium on
Microbial Ecology, Halifax: atlantic Canada society for Microbial Ecology
:237-243.
New MB. 1999. Global aquaculture: Current trends and challengs for the 21
century. World Aquaculture 30: 63-79.
Nganro
N. 1999. Pengembangan paket bakteri probiotik penghambat
pertumbuhan bakteri pathogen Vibrio pada budidaya tambak udang. PAUHayati. ITB. Bandung.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Norvia I, Soraya, Wardani & Akbar J. 2011. Proceedings KNSI 1 (1) UNLAM.
Kalimantan Selatan.
Poernomo A. 1988. Pembuatan tambak udang di Indonesia. Departemen
pertanian. Badan penelitian dan pengembangan pertanian. Balai penelitian
perikanan budidaya pantai. Maros.
Poernomo A. 1998. Teknologi probiotik untuk mengatasi permasalahan tambak
udang dan lingkungan budidaya. Disampaikan pada seminar The National
Symposium on Development and Scientific and Technology Innovation in
aquaculture. Semarang. Januari : 27-29.
Purba CY. 2012. Performa pertumbuha, kelulusa hidup, dan kandungan nutrisi
larva udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannemei) melalui pemberian pakan
artemia produk lokal yang diperkaya dengan sel diatom. Journal of
Aquaculture Management and Technology 1(1): 102-115.
Purwanta W & Firdayati M. 2002. Pengaruh aplikasi mikroba probiotik pada
kualitas kimiawi perairan tambak udang. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 3
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