Study on Growth Rate and Seaweed Eucheuma spinosum And Euchema cottoni in Waters of Kutuh Village, South Kuta Sub-District, District of Badung-Bali.

Editorial Team

1 of 1

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/environment/about/editorialTeam

Journal of Environment
HOME

ABOUT

LOG I N

REGI STER
Ho m e

SEARCH

CURRENT

ARCHI VES


OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS

> Ab o u t t h e Jo u r n al > Ed i t o r i a l T e a m

Editorial Team

Editor-in-Chief
I Way an Nuarsa ,

Facult y of Agricult ur e Udayana Univer sit y, I ndonesia

Co-Editor-in-Chief
Abd. Rahman As- sy akur ,

[ Scopus I D: 54406513400, h- index: 4] Cent er for Rem ot e Sensing and Ocean Science ( CReSOS) ,

Udayana Universit y. Gedung Pascasarj ana, Lt 3. Jl. PB Sudirm an, Denpasar - 80232, Bali, I ndonesia
Dr. Way an Gede Ariast ina ,


Depar t m ent of Elect rical Engineer ing, Facult y of Engineering, Udayana Universit y, Bali, I ndonesia,

I ndonesia

Associate Editor
Assoc . Prof . Dr. Takahiro Osaw a ,

[ Scopus I D: 47861975900, h- index: 3] Pr ogram St udi Magist er I lm u Lingkungan, Program
US ER

Pascasar j ana, Universit as Udayana, Bali, I ndonesia
Usernam e
Prof . Dr. I Way an Budiarsa Suy asa ,

Program St udi Magist er I lm u Lingkungan, Pr ogr am Pascasarj ana, Univer sit as Udayana, Bali,

Password

I ndonesia


Rem em ber m e

Prof . Dr. Ket ut Wikant ika ,

Cent er for Rem ot e Sensing ( CRS) , I nst it ut e of Technology Bandung ( I TB) , Bandung, I ndonesia,

Log In

I ndonesia
N O TI FI CA T I O N S

Editorial Board

View
Subscr ibe / Unsubscribe

Dr. I Gust i Bagus Sila Dharma ,

Marine Science Depart m ent , Facult y of Marine Science and Fisher ies, Udayana Universit y, Bukit


Jim bar an, Bali 80361, I ndonesia
Prof . Dr. T asuku T anaka ,

JOU RN A L CON TEN T

Gr aduat e School of Science and Engineering, Yam aguchi Universit y, Yam aguchi, Japan, Japan

Prof . Dr. I Way an Art hana ,

Sear ch

[ Scopus I D: 55486654300, h- index: 1] Progr am St udi Magist er I lm u Lingkungan, Pr ogram
All

Pascasar j ana, Universit as Udayana, Bali, I ndonesia
Prof . Dr. Sudiana Mahendra ,

Pr ogr am St udi Magist er I lm u Lingkungan, Program Pascasar j ana, Universit as Udayana, Bali,

I ndonesia


Search

Browse

Prof . Dr. I Gede Mahardika ,

[ Scopus I D: 6602795841, h- index: 2] Pr ogr am St udi Magist er I lm u Lingkungan, Program

By I ssue
By Aut hor

Pascasar j ana, Universit as Udayana, Bali, I ndonesia

By Tit le
Prof . Dr. I r Way an Kasa ,
I da Ay u Ast arini ,

FMI PA Universit as Udayana, Denpasar , Bali, I ndonesia


Ot her Journals

[ SCOPUS I D: 6507072613, h- index: 4] ( Genet ika dan Molekuler ) Jur usan Biologi, FMI PA, Universit as Udayana
FO N T S I Z E

I N FORM A TI ON

This work is licensed under a

Creat iv e Commons At t ribut ion 4. 0 I nt ernat ional Lic ense .

For Readers
For Aut hor s

Copyright 2014 - 2015 Journal of Environm ent
Published by Gr aduat e St udy of Environm ent al Sciences,
j . environm ent ( I SSN

For Librar ians
Uday ana Univ ersit y


2356- 3125 )

27/01/2016 9:37 AM

Vol 1, No 1

1 of 1

http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/environment/issue/view/1307/showToc

Journal of Environment
HOME

ABOUT

LOG I N

REGI STER
Hom e


SEARCH

CURRENT

OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS

ARCHI VES

> Ar ch i v es > V o l 1 , N o 1

Vol 1, No 1

Table of Contents
Articles
Monit oring of Merapi Volc ano Def ormat ion Using I nt erf eromet ry Sy nt het ic Apert ure Radar ( I nSAR)

PDF

Tec hnique


Ayu Margaworo Pam ungkas, Takahiro Osawa, I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
Numeric al Simulat ion on Shoreline Change in West ern Region of Badung Regenc y , Bali, I ndonesia

PDF

Andhit a Triwahyuni, Koj i Asai
Phy t oplankt on Div ersit y as Ec ologic al I ndic at or in Jimbaran Bay Wat ers

PDF

I m a Yudha Perwira, Devi Ulinuha
Predic t ing Flood Vulnerable Areas by Using Sat ellit e Remot e Sensing I mages in Kumamot o Cit y - Japan

PDF

US ER

A. Besse Rim ba, Fusanori Miura
Usernam e

St udy on Grow t h Rat e and Seaw eed Euc heuma spinosum And Euc hema c ot t oni in Wat ers of Kut uh

PDF

Password

Village, Sout h Kut a Sub- Dist ric t , Dist ric t of Badung- Bali

Rem em ber m e
Log In

Dwi Budi Wiyant o
St udy on Mollusk and Algae or Phy t oplankt on Communit y in Sout heast Wat ers of Bali

PDF

N OTI FI CA TI O N S

Devi Ulinuha, I m a Yudha Perwira


View
Subscribe / Unsubscribe

JOURN A L CON TEN T
Sear ch

This work is licensed under a Creat iv e Commons At t ribut ion 4. 0 I nt ernat ional Lic ense .
Copyright 2014 - 2015 Journal of Environm ent
Published by Graduat e St udy of Environm ent al Sciences, Uday ana Univ ersit y
j . environm ent ( I SSN 2356- 3125 )

All
Search

Br ow se
By I ssue
By Aut hor
By Tit le
Ot her Journals

FO N T S I Z E

I N FORM A TI ON
For Readers
For Aut hors
For Librarians

1/27/2016 9:25 AM

Journal of Environment, 1, (2014), 36–42

Original Paper

Study on Growth Rate and Seaweed Eucheuma spinosum
And Euchema cottoni in Waters of Kutuh Village, South
Kuta Sub-District, District of Badung-Bali
Dwi Budi Wiyanto *
a

Study Program of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Udayana University, Bali Indonesia
* Corresponding author: Dwi Budi Wiyanto; E-Mail: [email protected]
Tel.: +62 361 702802
Received: 29 May 2014 / Accepted: 9 November 2014 / Published: 13 November 2013

Abstract: Seaweed is a non-fish fishery commodity. The market demand for seaweed, both
from the domestic and foreign markets has a bright future as a trade commodity on the
international market. Bali is one of the islands of seaweed producers in Indonesia. Seaweed
production in Bali in 2008, decreased to 15.2% compared to that in 2007. The purpose of
this study was to determine how big the difference between the growth rate of E. cottonii
seaweed and that of E. spinosum. Seaweed cultivation was conducted using raft off the
base (off bottom method) of 2 units with the size of 5 x 2.5 meters each. Spacing of each
seed was 25 -30 cm. Seed weight of seaweed E. cottonii and E. spinosum is equal to 100
grams. Maintenance time was for 40 days, and the sampling was done once every 10 days
as many as 10 samples of seaweed. The results showed that seaweed E. cottonii had faster
growth compared with E. spinosum. Seaweed daily growth of the species E. spinosum in
the first 10 days was faster than the seaweed of the species E. cottonii. However, the
second 10 days to the third 10 days E. cottonii seaweed growth was faster than E.
spinosum. The average weight of Euheuma cottonii for 40 days planting was 189.29 grams
while the average weight of Eucheuma spinosum was 185.55 grams. Water condition in
the location of research was still in the normal range for the growth of two species of
seaweed cultivated.
Keywords: Growth; Seaweed; Eucheuma spinosum; Euchema cottoni

1. Introduction

10779 tons with a total value of US $ 7.16 million it
kept increasing and ever reached 28104 tons in 1995

Seaweed is a non-fish fishery commodity. Foreign

with a total value of US $ 21.30 million (Junaidi et

demand for Indonesian seaweed in 1990 amounted to

al., 2007).

37

J. Environment 1(2014): 36–42
Bali is one of the islands of seaweed producers in

1. Absolute Growth

Indonesia. Seaweed production in Bali in 2008
decreased to 15.2% compared to that in 2007. One of

G = Wt − Wo

the centers of cultivation of seaweed in Bali is in the

Gr = Wt − Wo / t

village of Kutuh, sub-district of South Kuta, Badung,

Specification :

from the above data the researcher deems it necessary

G

to do other research on the growth of seaweed in
order to improve seaweed production and utilization
of cultivated land which is still not optimal.
The objective to be achieved in the implementation of
this study was to determine how big the difference
between the growth rate of E. cottonii seaweed and E.

:

(1)

Absolute Growth

Gr :

Daily Growth Rate

Wt :

weight at the time of observation (gr)

Wo :

Initial Weight (grams)

t

:

time (days)

2. Absolute Growth

spinosum in the waters of Kutuh Village, South KutaBali Badung regency

SGR =

2. Methods

ln wt − ln wo
x100%
t

(2)

Specification :
2.1. Research Methods

SGR :

Standard Growth Rate (%)

The method used in this study was a sample survey

lnwt :

Seaweed Final Weight (grams)

method or field survey (Hadi, 1986). Data would be

lnwo

:

analyzed using T test, and then the results of the

t

:

Seaweed Start Weight (grams)

time (days)

analysis were displayed in tables and graphs as well
as descriptive information.
Weight measurement data of seaweed was

3. Average Daily Growth

between the two examples and different types


⎛ wt
ADG = t ⎜
− 1⎟ x100%
wo



(Romimohtarto and Heilbron, 1999).

Specification :

analyzed using t-test. T-test was used to compare

Seaweed cultivation was conducted using a raft off
the base (off bottom method) of 2 units with straps
size of 3 meters each. Spacing of each seed is 15-20
cm. Type of seaweed used is Eucheuma cottoni and
Eucheuma spinosum. Seed weight of E. cottonii and
E. spinosum seaweed is equal to ± 100 grams.

ADG

:

Wt :

Weight after t days (gram)

Wo :

Initial Weight (grams)

t

time (days)

:

(3)

Daily Growth (%)

2.3. Supporting Parameters

Maintenance time was for 40 days, and the sampling
was done once every 10 days as many as 10 samples

Measured parameters are temperature, pH, salinity,

of seaweed.

currents and brightness. The parameters measured in
situ at each weight measurement of seaweed.

2.2. Main Parameters
2.4. Data Analysis
Calculation of absolute growth was done by using
an absolute formula, standard and average daily

Analysis of the data used was t-test. T-test can be

growth according to Effendi (1997).

divided into two, namely the t-test were used to test

38

J. Environment 1(2014): 36–42
the hypothesis of 1-sample and t-test used for

value is stated that the two species have different

hypothesis testing of 2-sample.

growth rates, i.e. t count > t table where t count was
0.840 and t table was 1.734.

3. Results and Discussion

In the observation and measurement of the fourth
ten days, the growth of Eucheuma cottonii reached

3.1. Seaweed Growth

250.20 grams, while the growth of Eucheuma

Based on the measurement results of the average

spinosum reached 236.13. Growth in Eucheuma

growth of 10 first ten days, Eucheuma cottonii was

cottonii was faster than Eucheuma spinosum. On the

equal to 130.89 grams, while the Eucheuma spinosum

fourth 10 days of measurement, the two species had

growth during the first ten days was 134.11 grams.

very low growth; this is because at the fourth 10 days

During the growth in the first ten days, there was a

of seaweed cultivation, both species were attacked by

difference between the two species, in which

pests, small fish around the site. The results of data

Eucheuma

than

analysis using t-test showed that there was a

Eucheuma cottonii. The results of data analysis using

difference in the average weight of both samples

t-test showed that there is a difference in both of the

during the fourth ten days. It is shown by the

average weight of a sample of the first ten days. It is

significant value of α> 0.05. This value states that the

shown by the significant value of α> 0.05. This value

two species had the same growth rate, i.e. t count > t

is stated that the two species have different growth

table where t count was 4.067 and t table was 1.734.

spinosum

had

faster

growth

rates, i.e. t count > t table where t count was -1.409

From the data analysis results, it can be seen that
the average weight of Euheuma cottonii for 40 days

and t table was 1.734.
Measurement of growth of the second 10 days on

planting was 189.29 grams while the average weight

Eucheuma cottonii amounted to 168.26 grams, while

of Eucheuma spinosum was 185.55 grams. From

the Eucheuma spinosum amounted to 168.31 grams.

these data, there was evidently a weight difference

Eucheuma

between the two species.

spinosum

had

faster

growth

than

Eucheuma cottonii. The results of data analysis using
t-test, showed that there was a difference in both the
average weight of a sample of the second ten day. It is
shown by the significant value of α> 0.05. This value

3.2. Absolute Growth
Results calculated for absolute growth rate and daily
growth rate are shown in Table 1. Based on the results

is stated that the two species have different growth

of the calculation, the average value of the absolute

rates, i.e. t count > t table where t count was -0.009

growth between E. Cottonii and E. Spinosum can be

and t table was 1.734.

seen in Figure 1.

Observations and Measurements on the third 10
days of Eucheuma cottonii’s growth amounted to

Table 1. Absolute growth rate (G) and Daily Growth

207.82 grams while the growth in Eucheuma

Rate (Gr).

spinosum amounted to 203.65. In the third ten days of

Parameters

this observation, there was a difference where
Eucheuma cottonii had faster growth compared with
Eucheuma spinosum. The results of data analysis
using t-test, showed that both the average weight of a
sample of the third ten days there was a difference. It
is shown by the significant value of α> 0.05. This

Absolute
growth rate
(G) (gr/10
day)
Daily
Growth
Rate (Gr)
(gr/day)

Seaweed
species
Eucheuma
cottonii
Eucheuma
spinosum
Eucheuma
cottonii
Eucheuma
spinosum

10 day
(1)

10 day
(2)

10 day
(3)

10 day
(4)

30.31

37.37

39.56

42.38

33.50

34.20

35.34

32.48

3.03

3.74

3.96

4.24

3.35

3.42

3.53

3.25

J. Environment 1(2014): 36–42

39

growth rate was faster than the daily growth rate of E.
cottonii, the daily growth rate of E. cottonii was 3:03
g /day, while the daily growth rate of E. spinosum
was 3:35 g / day.

Figure 1. Graph Absolute Growth Rate
Absolute growth rate in E. cottonii and E.
spinosum is noticeable. At the first sampling, the
absolute growth rate of E. spinosum was faster than
that of E. cottonii, i.e. the rate of growth in E. cottonii

Figure 2. Graph Daily Growth Rate

amounted to 30.31 g / 10 days, whereas the growth
In the second sampling, daily growth rate of E.

rate of E. spinosum 33.50 g/10 days.
In the second sampling, the absolute growth rate of

cottonii was faster than the daily growth rate of E.

E. cottonii was faster than that of E. spinosum, i.e. the

spinosum, the daily growth rate of E. cottonii was

rate of growth in E. cottonii amounted to 37.37 g/10

3.74 g / day, while the daily growth rate of E.

days, whereas the growth rate of E. spinosum was

spinosum was 3.42 g/day. In the second 10-day

34.20 g/10 days.

sampling measurement, daily growth rate of E.

In the third sampling, the absolute growth rate of

cottonii was likely to increase from the first 10 days

E. cottonii was faster than the absolute growth rate of

of measurement, from 3:03 g / day to 3.74 g / day. In

E. spinosum, i.e. the rate of growth in E. cottonii was

E. spinosum, daily growth rate also increased, namely

39.56 g/10 days and the rate of growth of E. spinosum

3.35 g / day up to 3.42 g/day.
In the third sampling, daily growth rate in E.

was 35.34 g/10 days.
While in the fourth sampling, the absolute growth

cottonii was faster than the daily growth rate of E.

rate of E. cottonii was faster than the absolute growth

spinosum, namely daily growth rate of E. cottonii was

rate of E. spinosum, i.e. the rate of growth of E.

3.96 g / day, while the growth rate of E. spinosum

cottonii was 42.38 g/day, while the rate of growth in

was 3.53 g / day. Daily growth rate of E. cottonii

E. spinosum was 32.48 g/10 days. In the measurement

tended to increase the daily growth rate measurements

of the growth rate of the fourth 10 days seaweed

the second 10 days, i.e. from 3.74 g / day down to

growth of E. Spinosum species tended to decline, it is

3.96 g / day. Similarly, the daily growth rate of E.

because the seaweed is disturbed by pest, which is

Spinosum tended to increase from 3.42 g / day up to

eaten by fish.

3.53 g / day.

From the analysis, the calculation of daily growth

In the fourth sampling, daily growth rate in E.

and

cottonii was faster than the daily growth rate of E.

Eucheuma spinosum were obtained. This can be seen

spinosum, namely daily growth rate of E. cottonii was

in Figure 2.

4.24 g / day, while the growth rate of E. spinosum

rate

values

between

Eucheuma

cottonii

Daily growth rate in E. cottonii and E. spinosum is

was 3.25 g / day. Daily growth rate in E. spinosum

noticeable. At the first sampling, E. spinosum daily

tended to decrease from measurements daily growth

40

J. Environment 1(2014): 36–42
rate of the third 10 days, i.e. from 3.53 g / day down
to 3.25 g / day. Decreased daily growth rate in E.
spinosum was caused by pests, namely fish.
3.3. Standard Growth
At the first sampling, standard growth rate of E.
spinosum appeared higher than E. cottonii, which is
standard on the growth rate of E. cottonii, i.e. 2.63%,
while the standard growth rate of E. spinosum was
2.87%.

Figure 3. Graph of Standard Growth Rate

In the second sampling, standard growth rate of E.
cottonii looked higher than the standard growth rate
of E. spinosum, which is standard on the growth rate
of E. cottonii of 2.51%, while the standard growth
rate of E. spinosum was 2.27%. In the standard
growth rate of seaweed species E. Spinosum, there

Table 2. Standards Growth Rate (SGR)
Seaweed
species
Eucheuma
cottonii
Eucheuma
spinosum

10 day
(1)

10 day
(2)

10 day
(3)

10 day
(4)

2.63

2.51

2.11

1.86

2.87

2.27

1.91

1.48

was a decline compared to the first 10 days of
sampling, i.e. from 2.87% down to 2.27%.

3.4. Average Daily Growth

In the third sampling, standard growth rate of E.
cottonii looked higher than the standard growth rate
of E. spinosum, which is standard on the growth rate
of E. cottonii at 2.11%, while the standard growth rate
of E. spinosum was 1.91%. In both species of

From the calculation of Average Daily Growth
(ADG) obtained value growth rate between E. cottonii
and E. spinosum are presented in Figure 4 and Table
3.

seaweed decreased percentage of growth rate
compared to the standard second 10-day sampling, in
which the standard growth rate of E. cottonii
decreased from 2.51% to 2.11%, while the decline in
the growth rate of E. spinosum was from 2.27% up to
1.91%.
Fourth sampling measurements, the standard
growth rate of E. cottonii looked higher than the
standard growth rate of E. spinosum, namely the
standard growth rate of E. cottonii was 1.86%, while
the standard growth rate of E. spinosum was 1.48%.

Figure 4. Graph Average Daily Growth

Of both species, there was a percentage decrease in
standard growth rate compared with the third
sampling, namely the E. cottonii from 2.11% to
1.86%, whereas in E. spinosum from 1.91% down to
1.48% as seen in Figure 3 and Table 2.

Based on the analysis, average daily growth of
seaweed on the first sampling, showed that the
average daily growth results are not much different,
i.e the percentage of E. cottonii average daily growth
is 1.41%, whereas in E. spinosum is 1.42 %.
In the second sampling, the percentage of average
daily growth in E. cottonii looked higher than the

41

J. Environment 1(2014): 36–42
percentage of average daily growth of E. spinosum,

3.5. Supporting Parameters

i.e. the percentage of average daily growth of E.
cottonii was 1.40%, while the percentage of average

In general, water conditions for the cultivation of

daily growth in E. spinosum was 1.38%. In

seaweed was still within tolerated limits for seaweed

percentage of average daily growth both types of

cultivation of E. Cottonii and E. Spinosum. Water

seaweed decreased compared to the first 10 days of

quality parameters measured during the process of

sampling, namely the E. cottonii from 1.41% down to

observation and calculation of seaweed weight,

1.40% while the E. spinosum decreased from 1.42%

measurement of water quality parameters underwent

to 1.40%.

three repetitions, i.e. morning, afternoon, and evening
time. The results of measurements of water quality
parameters can be seen in Table 4, namely:

Table 3. Average Daily Growth (ADG)
Seaweed
species
Eucheuma
cottonii
Eucheuma
spinosum

10 day
(1)

10 day
(2)

10 day
(3)

10 day
(4)

1.41

1.40

1.37

1.35

1.42

1.38

1.36

1.32

Table 4. Average results of measurements of water
quality for seaweed cultivation.
Sampling Numbers
Parameters

In the third sampling, the percentage of average
daily growth in E. cottonii looked higher than the
percentage of average daily growth of E. spinosum,

0

1

2

3

4

34.3

34.4

34.8

35.4

34.4

29.8

30.8

28.6

28.3

29.7

pH

8.6

8.5

9.1

9.2

9.1

Flow (m/sec)

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Visibility (%)

100

100

100

100

100

Salinity (‰)
Temperature
(⁰C)

i.e. the percentage of average daily growth of E.
cottonii was 1.37%, while the percentage of average
daily growth in E. spinosum was 1.36%. In both
species of seaweed, there was a decrease in the
percentage of average daily growth compared to the
second 10-day of sampling, where the percentage of

4. Conclusions and Suggestions

average daily growth of E. cottonii decreased from
1.40% to 1.37%, while the decline in the growth rate

4.1 Conclusions

of E. spinosum from 1.38% to 1.36%.
In

the

fourth

sampling

measurements,

the

percentage of average daily growth in E. cottonii
looked higher than the percentage of average daily
growth of E. spinosum, i.e. the percentage of average
daily growth of E. cottonii was 1.35%, while the
standard growth rate of E. spinosum was 1.32%. Of
both species, there was a daily percentage decline in
growth rate compared to the third sampling, namely
in the E. cottonii from 1.37% to 1.35%, whereas in E.
spinosum from 1.36% to 1.32%.

From the results of this study can be concluded that:
1. E. Cottonii seaweed and E. Spinosum were
cultivated on the same methods and locations,
seaweed E. cottonii had faster growth compared
with E. spinosum.
2. The daily growth of seaweed of E. spinosum
species during the first 10 days was faster than
seaweed of the species E. cottonii. However,
during the second 10 days to the third 10 days, E.
cottonii seaweed growth was faster than E.
spinosum.
3. The average weight of Euheuma cottonii for 40
days planting was 189.29 grams while the average
weight was 185.55 grams Eucheuma spinosum.

J. Environment 1(2014): 36–42
From these data, there was a weight difference
between the two species.
4. Conditions of waters in research location were
still in the normal range for growth of the two
species of seaweed cultivated.
4.2. Suggestions
The suggestion that can be made from the research
activities of seaweed growth rate is that that further
research needs to be done, with different treatment
methods, i.e. having to do with the methods of
cultivation and treatment place or a different location,
so as to know the different growth in different
locations.
References

Afrianto dan Liviawati, 1993. Budidaya Rumput
Laut dan Cara Pengolahannya. Bharata:
Jakarta
Anggadiredja, J, T., 2006. Rumput Laut. Penebar
Swadaya. Jakarta.
Arikunto, S. 1993. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu
Pendekatan Praktek. Rineka Cipta Jakarta.
Aslan, L. M., 2006. Budidaya Rumput Laut.
Kanisius . Yogyakarta.
Anugarah, 1990. Potensi dan Pengembangan
Budidaya Perairan di Indonesia. Lembaga
penelitian Indonesia. Jakarta.
Bambang, D., 2006. Kajian Parameter
Oceanografi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Rumput
Laut (Eucheuma cottonii) di Perairan Bluto
Sumenep Jawa Timur. Universitas Trunujoyo
Bangkalan Madura.
Deny, 2007. Uji Statistika (Speak With Date).
Forum Statistika Jakarta.

42

Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Bali,
2009. Produksi Rumput Laut di Bali turusn
15,2%.
http://www.kabarbisnis.com/read/
282238.
Depertemen Pertanian, 1992. Budidaya Beberapa
Hasil Rumput Laut. Departemen Pertanian.
Jakarta.
Hadi, S. 1986. Metodology Research I. Yayasan
Penerbit
Fakultas
Psikologi,
UGM.
Yogyakarta.
Indriani, H., dan Sumiarsih, E., 2003. Budidaya,
Pengolahan, dan Pemasaran Rumput Laut
(cetakan 7) Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.
Nazam, M. P. dan A. Surahman, 2004. Dampak
Pengkajian Budidaya Rumput Laut di Nusa
Tenggara Barat. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi
Pertanian NTB.
Santosa, G.W. 2003. Budidaya Rumput Laut di
Tambak. Program Community College.
Industri kelautan dan perikanan. Universitas
Diponegoro. Semarang.
Sediadi dan Budihardjo., 2000. Rumput Laut
Komuditas Unggulan. Grasindo Jakarta.
Setyati, A. W., 2003. Pemasaran Budidaya
Rumput Laut. Program Community College.
Industri Kelautan dan Perikanan. Universitas
Diponegoro Semarang. Semarang.
Soenardjo N., 2003. Membudidayakan Rumput
laut, Balai Pustaka Semarang.
Suptijah,
2002.
Rumput
Laut.
http://
www.rumput laut /com. Institut pertanian
Bogor. Bogor.
Winarno, 1996. Teknik Pengolahan Rumput
Laut. Pustaka Sinar Harapan. Jakarta.

© 2014 by the authors; licensee Udayana University, Indonesia. This article is an open access article distributed
under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).