DOMESTIC VIOLENCE REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI’S AND DELPHINE MINOUI’S Domestic Violence Reflected In Nujood Ali’s And Delphine Minoui’s I Am Nujood, Age10 And Divorced Memoir (2010) : A Feminist Perspective.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI’S AND DELPHINE MINOUI’S
I AM NUJOOD, AGE10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010) :
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
FEBRIANA WULANDARI
A320090135
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI’S AND DELPHINE MINOUI’S
I AM NUJOOD, AGE10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010) :
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
FEBRIANA WULANDARI
A320090135
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
APPROVAL
DOMESTIC YIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN IIUJOOD ALI'S AND DELPHINE MINOUI'S I AM
NUJOOD, AGE 10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010) :
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIYE
RESEARCH PAPER
by
T.EBRIANA WI]LAIIDARI
4320 090 135
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team
First Consultant
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraning
h Nugroho,
M.IIum.
ACCEPTAI\CE
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI'S AND DELPHINE MINOUI'S I AM
NUIOOD, AGE 10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010):
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
by
FEBRIANA WIILANDARI
A320090135
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On June,2013
Team of Examiners
1.
Dr. Phil. Dewi CandraninBilm, S.Pd, M.
(Chair Person)
2. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Member I)
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, MS
(Member
II)
l1t
TESTIMOI\tY
In this occasion, the researcher states that there is no research which has
been submitted in any universrty and as far as the researcher concern there are no
works or opinions which were written or published by someone else except the
written references which are referred
bibliography.
If only there will
in this paper and mentioned in
the
be any incorrectness proven in the future in the
researcher's statement above, the researcher
will
be responsible for that.
Surakarta, March 2013
The researcher
FEBRIANAWT]LANIDARI
A 320 090 135
lv
MOTTO
Man Jadda wa Jadda.
Nothing is impossible.
Behave to yourself and other people is a massive way to
love yourself. An austere way of life.
We get little things initially, and big things at last.
Just believe it.
Conquer yourself and then you will conquer the world.
The success of someone comes from blessing of parents.
Keep positive thinking on Alloh’s fates.
Researcher
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
The Merciful ALLOH SWT and his Prophet Muhammad SAW.
My beloved IBU and BAPAK.
My older sisters, mb UPIK, mb Deny, mb Rela.
My dearest family.
All of my friends.
Someone in my future.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, all praise and gratitude for Allah SWT, the
Lord of the world who has given opportunity for the researcher to finish the paper
entitled ‘Domestic Violence Reflected In Nujood Ali’s And Delphine Minoui’s I
Am Nujood, Age 10 And Divorced Memoir (2010): A Feminist Perspective’.
Greetings and invocation are presented to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, friends
and families, who has guided Islam from the darkness to the brightness.
The researcher would like to express her gratitude for all of people who
has given contribution to make this research paper more completely. Because
without their contribution, the researcher would not finish this research paper.
Therefore, in this opportunity she would like thank to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, as the Chief of English Department, School
of Teacher Training and Education in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd, M. Ed, as the First Consultant, for
the greatest guidance, attention and motivation from the beginning up to
finishing this research paper.
vii
4. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum, as the Second Consultant, who has
improved the writing of this research so that make this research more
interesting ro read in correct sentences.
5. Fitri Kurniawan, S.Pd, as the academic consultant.
6. The entire lectures in Muhammdiyah University of Surakarta.
7. Her beloved parents, ibu, bapak, Dasuki and Siti Supadmi for all
of the great love and never stop to give advices.
8. Her beloved sisters mbak Upik, mbak Deny, and mbak Rela for
all of attention and support that given for the researcher.
9. Her lovely nephews Bila, Qia, Iil, Ahnaf, Naufal and si kecil Yafi for all
of smile and laughing.
10. Her best friends ; mbak Iva, Amel, Hana, and etc in Fiqih boarding house,
for all of togetherness, jokes, spirit and happiness.
11. Her best friend Siti, Syifa, Vinda, Tatik, Amalia, Diah, Melanie, Novia,
Nissa, and Mita who always motivated to be better and give spirit, thanks
for all togetherness.
12. Someone in her future who will be her partner, someday.
13. And to all her beloved people who cannot be mentioned one by one.
This research paper is far from being perfect; therefore, the writer accepts
all of the criticism for the betterment of her research paper.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Surakarta, June 2013
Febriana Wulandari
viii
ABSTRACT
FEBRIANA WULANDARI, A320090135. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI’S AND DELPHINE MINOUI’S I AM
NUJOOD, AGE 10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010): A FEMINIST
PERSPECTIVE. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
OF SURAKARTA. 2013.
This study is about domestic violence reflected in Nujood Ali’s and Delphine
Minoui’s I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced memoir (2010) by using a feminist
perspective. The objective of the study is to analyze the memoir based on its structural
elements and analyze the memoir based on feminist perspective.
The writer uses qualitative method for analyze the memoir. The object of the study
is I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced Memoir that consist of 11 chapters and 64 pages. It
will be analyzed through Feminist Perspective. The primary data is taken from the
memoir itself and the secondary data sources are books or any information that are
relevant to the subject matter. The technique of the data are reading the novel repeatedly,
taking notes of important parts both primary and secondary data, arranging the data into
several groups based on its theoretical category, selecting particular parts considered
important and relevant for analysis, drawing conclusion and formulate its pedagogical
suggestion. The techniques of data analysis are as follows: the first is analyzing the data
based on its structural elements, focus will be paid on the structural analysis of the novel,
the second step is analyzing the data based in Feminist perspective, focus will be paid on
the meaning of domestic violence.
The conclusions of the study are, first based on structural analysis of the memoir
shows Nujood Ali and Delphine Minoui want to convey a message that the women have
their own rights and fundamental freedoms to live which cannot be deprived by anyone.
Second, based on Feminist Perspective, this memoir reflect domestic violence by
representing feminist issue. Domestic violence is described in this memoir which happens
when Nujood lived with her husband; she got physical and mental violence from her
husband and her mother-in-law. She got sexual violence from her husband, which was
coerced to sex contact, while Nujood’s age was still around nine to ten years old. It
produces trauma in Nujood’s mental.
Keywords: feminism, domestic violence.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
PAGE OF TITTLE ...........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ....................................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION...................................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT....................................................................................................
x
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study...............................................................
1
B. Previous Study ..............................................................................
6
C. Problem Statement ........................................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study .................................................................
7
E. Objective of the Study...................................................................
7
F. Benefits of the Study .....................................................................
8
G. Research Method ...........................................................................
8
H. Research Paper Organization ........................................................
10
II: UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................................
11
A. Notion of Feminism ......................................................................
11
B. Aspects of Feminism .....................................................................
12
CHAPTER
I:
x
1.
Women’s Position ..................................................................
12
2.
Women’s Role........................................................................
13
3.
Women’s Right ......................................................................
13
4.
Women’s Participation..............................................................
13
C. Notion of Domestic Violence........................................................
14
D. Underlying Causes of Domestic Violence.......................................
15
1.
Biological Theory ..................................................................
15
2.
Individual Psychopathological Theory ..................................
16
3.
Couple and Family Interactions Theory....................................
16
4.
Social Learning and Development Theory...............................
16
5.
Societal Structure Theory.........................................................
17
E. Structural Elements of the Memoir ...............................................
17
1.
Character and Characterization ..............................................
17
2.
Setting ....................................................................................
18
3.
Plot .........................................................................................
18
a. Exposition...........................................................................
18
b. Complication......................................................................
19
c. Climax................................................................................
19
d. Resolution..........................................................................
19
4.
Point of View .........................................................................
19
5.
Style .......................................................................................
20
6.
Theme.......................................................................................
20
F. Theoretical Application .................................................................
xi
21
CHAPTER
III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF YEMEN SOCIETY IN THE LATE
20th CENTURY UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF 21st CENTURY......
22
A. Social Aspect...........................................................................................
22
B. Economic Aspect....................................................................................
26
C. Religious Aspect.....................................................................................
30
D. Cultural Aspect......................................................................................
31
E. Political Aspect......................................................................................
32
F. Science and Technology........................................................................
34
G. Women Condition.................................................................................
35
H. The Life of Nujood Ali and Delphine Minoui.....................................
38
CHAPTER IV: THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF I AM NUJOOD, AGE 10 AND
DIVORCED..................................................................................................
A. Structural Elements of the Memoir ...............................................
41
41
1.
Character and Characterization ..............................................
41
2.
Setting ....................................................................................
60
3.
Plot .........................................................................................
65
a. Exposition...........................................................................
66
b. Complication......................................................................
67
c. Climax................................................................................
70
d. Resolution..........................................................................
73
4.
Style .......................................................................................
79
5.
Point of View .........................................................................
92
6.
Theme.......................................................................................
93
xii
CHAPTER
B. Discussion .....................................................................................
95
V: FEMINIST ANALYSIS ....................................................................
99
A. Aspects of Feminism .....................................................................
99
1.
Women’s Position ..................................................................
99
2.
Women’s Role......................................................................
3.
Women’s Right.........................................................................
102
4.
Women’s Participation...........................................................
105
B. Feminist Issue..................................................................................
CHAPTER
101
107
1.
Couple and Family Interactions Theory.................................
2.
Social Learning and Development Theory.............................
111
3.
Societal Structure Theory......................................................
112
C. Discussion ...................................................................................
113
VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..............................................
110
68
A. Conclusion.......................................................................................
120
B. Education Implication.....................................................................
122
C. Suggestion........................................................................................
124
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI’S AND DELPHINE MINOUI’S
I AM NUJOOD, AGE10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010) :
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
FEBRIANA WULANDARI
A320090135
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI’S AND DELPHINE MINOUI’S
I AM NUJOOD, AGE10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010) :
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
FEBRIANA WULANDARI
A320090135
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
i
APPROVAL
DOMESTIC YIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN IIUJOOD ALI'S AND DELPHINE MINOUI'S I AM
NUJOOD, AGE 10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010) :
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIYE
RESEARCH PAPER
by
T.EBRIANA WI]LAIIDARI
4320 090 135
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team
First Consultant
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraning
h Nugroho,
M.IIum.
ACCEPTAI\CE
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI'S AND DELPHINE MINOUI'S I AM
NUIOOD, AGE 10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010):
A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
by
FEBRIANA WIILANDARI
A320090135
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On June,2013
Team of Examiners
1.
Dr. Phil. Dewi CandraninBilm, S.Pd, M.
(Chair Person)
2. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Member I)
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, MS
(Member
II)
l1t
TESTIMOI\tY
In this occasion, the researcher states that there is no research which has
been submitted in any universrty and as far as the researcher concern there are no
works or opinions which were written or published by someone else except the
written references which are referred
bibliography.
If only there will
in this paper and mentioned in
the
be any incorrectness proven in the future in the
researcher's statement above, the researcher
will
be responsible for that.
Surakarta, March 2013
The researcher
FEBRIANAWT]LANIDARI
A 320 090 135
lv
MOTTO
Man Jadda wa Jadda.
Nothing is impossible.
Behave to yourself and other people is a massive way to
love yourself. An austere way of life.
We get little things initially, and big things at last.
Just believe it.
Conquer yourself and then you will conquer the world.
The success of someone comes from blessing of parents.
Keep positive thinking on Alloh’s fates.
Researcher
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
The Merciful ALLOH SWT and his Prophet Muhammad SAW.
My beloved IBU and BAPAK.
My older sisters, mb UPIK, mb Deny, mb Rela.
My dearest family.
All of my friends.
Someone in my future.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, all praise and gratitude for Allah SWT, the
Lord of the world who has given opportunity for the researcher to finish the paper
entitled ‘Domestic Violence Reflected In Nujood Ali’s And Delphine Minoui’s I
Am Nujood, Age 10 And Divorced Memoir (2010): A Feminist Perspective’.
Greetings and invocation are presented to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, friends
and families, who has guided Islam from the darkness to the brightness.
The researcher would like to express her gratitude for all of people who
has given contribution to make this research paper more completely. Because
without their contribution, the researcher would not finish this research paper.
Therefore, in this opportunity she would like thank to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, as the Dean of the School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, as the Chief of English Department, School
of Teacher Training and Education in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd, M. Ed, as the First Consultant, for
the greatest guidance, attention and motivation from the beginning up to
finishing this research paper.
vii
4. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum, as the Second Consultant, who has
improved the writing of this research so that make this research more
interesting ro read in correct sentences.
5. Fitri Kurniawan, S.Pd, as the academic consultant.
6. The entire lectures in Muhammdiyah University of Surakarta.
7. Her beloved parents, ibu, bapak, Dasuki and Siti Supadmi for all
of the great love and never stop to give advices.
8. Her beloved sisters mbak Upik, mbak Deny, and mbak Rela for
all of attention and support that given for the researcher.
9. Her lovely nephews Bila, Qia, Iil, Ahnaf, Naufal and si kecil Yafi for all
of smile and laughing.
10. Her best friends ; mbak Iva, Amel, Hana, and etc in Fiqih boarding house,
for all of togetherness, jokes, spirit and happiness.
11. Her best friend Siti, Syifa, Vinda, Tatik, Amalia, Diah, Melanie, Novia,
Nissa, and Mita who always motivated to be better and give spirit, thanks
for all togetherness.
12. Someone in her future who will be her partner, someday.
13. And to all her beloved people who cannot be mentioned one by one.
This research paper is far from being perfect; therefore, the writer accepts
all of the criticism for the betterment of her research paper.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Surakarta, June 2013
Febriana Wulandari
viii
ABSTRACT
FEBRIANA WULANDARI, A320090135. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
REFLECTED IN NUJOOD ALI’S AND DELPHINE MINOUI’S I AM
NUJOOD, AGE 10 AND DIVORCED MEMOIR (2010): A FEMINIST
PERSPECTIVE. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY
OF SURAKARTA. 2013.
This study is about domestic violence reflected in Nujood Ali’s and Delphine
Minoui’s I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced memoir (2010) by using a feminist
perspective. The objective of the study is to analyze the memoir based on its structural
elements and analyze the memoir based on feminist perspective.
The writer uses qualitative method for analyze the memoir. The object of the study
is I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced Memoir that consist of 11 chapters and 64 pages. It
will be analyzed through Feminist Perspective. The primary data is taken from the
memoir itself and the secondary data sources are books or any information that are
relevant to the subject matter. The technique of the data are reading the novel repeatedly,
taking notes of important parts both primary and secondary data, arranging the data into
several groups based on its theoretical category, selecting particular parts considered
important and relevant for analysis, drawing conclusion and formulate its pedagogical
suggestion. The techniques of data analysis are as follows: the first is analyzing the data
based on its structural elements, focus will be paid on the structural analysis of the novel,
the second step is analyzing the data based in Feminist perspective, focus will be paid on
the meaning of domestic violence.
The conclusions of the study are, first based on structural analysis of the memoir
shows Nujood Ali and Delphine Minoui want to convey a message that the women have
their own rights and fundamental freedoms to live which cannot be deprived by anyone.
Second, based on Feminist Perspective, this memoir reflect domestic violence by
representing feminist issue. Domestic violence is described in this memoir which happens
when Nujood lived with her husband; she got physical and mental violence from her
husband and her mother-in-law. She got sexual violence from her husband, which was
coerced to sex contact, while Nujood’s age was still around nine to ten years old. It
produces trauma in Nujood’s mental.
Keywords: feminism, domestic violence.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
page
PAGE OF TITTLE ...........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ....................................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION...................................................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT....................................................................................................
x
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study...............................................................
1
B. Previous Study ..............................................................................
6
C. Problem Statement ........................................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study .................................................................
7
E. Objective of the Study...................................................................
7
F. Benefits of the Study .....................................................................
8
G. Research Method ...........................................................................
8
H. Research Paper Organization ........................................................
10
II: UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................................
11
A. Notion of Feminism ......................................................................
11
B. Aspects of Feminism .....................................................................
12
CHAPTER
I:
x
1.
Women’s Position ..................................................................
12
2.
Women’s Role........................................................................
13
3.
Women’s Right ......................................................................
13
4.
Women’s Participation..............................................................
13
C. Notion of Domestic Violence........................................................
14
D. Underlying Causes of Domestic Violence.......................................
15
1.
Biological Theory ..................................................................
15
2.
Individual Psychopathological Theory ..................................
16
3.
Couple and Family Interactions Theory....................................
16
4.
Social Learning and Development Theory...............................
16
5.
Societal Structure Theory.........................................................
17
E. Structural Elements of the Memoir ...............................................
17
1.
Character and Characterization ..............................................
17
2.
Setting ....................................................................................
18
3.
Plot .........................................................................................
18
a. Exposition...........................................................................
18
b. Complication......................................................................
19
c. Climax................................................................................
19
d. Resolution..........................................................................
19
4.
Point of View .........................................................................
19
5.
Style .......................................................................................
20
6.
Theme.......................................................................................
20
F. Theoretical Application .................................................................
xi
21
CHAPTER
III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF YEMEN SOCIETY IN THE LATE
20th CENTURY UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF 21st CENTURY......
22
A. Social Aspect...........................................................................................
22
B. Economic Aspect....................................................................................
26
C. Religious Aspect.....................................................................................
30
D. Cultural Aspect......................................................................................
31
E. Political Aspect......................................................................................
32
F. Science and Technology........................................................................
34
G. Women Condition.................................................................................
35
H. The Life of Nujood Ali and Delphine Minoui.....................................
38
CHAPTER IV: THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF I AM NUJOOD, AGE 10 AND
DIVORCED..................................................................................................
A. Structural Elements of the Memoir ...............................................
41
41
1.
Character and Characterization ..............................................
41
2.
Setting ....................................................................................
60
3.
Plot .........................................................................................
65
a. Exposition...........................................................................
66
b. Complication......................................................................
67
c. Climax................................................................................
70
d. Resolution..........................................................................
73
4.
Style .......................................................................................
79
5.
Point of View .........................................................................
92
6.
Theme.......................................................................................
93
xii
CHAPTER
B. Discussion .....................................................................................
95
V: FEMINIST ANALYSIS ....................................................................
99
A. Aspects of Feminism .....................................................................
99
1.
Women’s Position ..................................................................
99
2.
Women’s Role......................................................................
3.
Women’s Right.........................................................................
102
4.
Women’s Participation...........................................................
105
B. Feminist Issue..................................................................................
CHAPTER
101
107
1.
Couple and Family Interactions Theory.................................
2.
Social Learning and Development Theory.............................
111
3.
Societal Structure Theory......................................................
112
C. Discussion ...................................................................................
113
VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..............................................
110
68
A. Conclusion.......................................................................................
120
B. Education Implication.....................................................................
122
C. Suggestion........................................................................................
124
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii