HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP RELATIONSHIP KNOWLEDGE WITH ATTITUDE IN THE PREVENTION Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Dalam Pencegahan Komplikasi Penderita Hipertensi Di RSUD DR. Moewardi Surakarta.

Relationship Knowledge With Attitude In The Prevention Of Complications In
Hypertension Patient’s At Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Of Surakarta (Nureesa Doloh)

0

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP
RELATIONSHIP KNOWLEDGE WITH ATTITUDE IN THE PREVENTION
OF COMPLICATIONS IN HYPERTENSION PATIENT’S AT DR.
MOEWARDI GENERAL HOSPITAL OF SURAKARTA

MANUSCRIPT
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
of Bachelor Degree of Nursing

By:

NUREESA DOLOH
J 210.112.006

HEALTH SCIENCE FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2015

Relationship Knowledge With Attitude In The Prevention Of Complications In
Hypertension Patient’s At Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Of Surakarta (Nureesa Doloh)

1

PENELITIAN

RELATIONSHIP KNOWLEDGE WITH ATTITUDE IN THE PREVENTION
OF COMPLICATIONS IN HYPERTENSION PATIENT’S AT DR.
MOEWARDI GENERAL HOSPITAL OF SURAKARTA
By:
Nureesa Doloh

Complications of hypertension, for example, stroke, kidney failure and
hypertrophy is a condition that worsens the health status of patients with
hypertension can cause disability and even death. The attitude of hypertensive
patients in the prevention of complications is a major factor in preventive
measures complications of hypertension. This study aims to determine the

relationship between the levels of knowledge with attitude in the prevention of
complications in patients with hypertension. This research is descriptive
correlative with cross sectional approach. Sample study was 76 hypertensive
outpatients at Hospital Dr. Moewardi Surakarta with accidental sampling
technique. Collecting data using questionnaires were analyzed using Chi Square
test. Results of the analysis of Chi Square decided H0 (p = 0.0001) which means
there is a correlation between knowledge with attitude prevention of
complications of hypertension. The research conclusion that patient’s
hypertensions have less knowledge levels and negative attitudes. There was a
relationship between knowledge and attitudes prevention of complications of
hypertension. Prevention of complications can be done by increasing the
knowledge of hypertension patients through information provided nurses to
patients with hypertension
Keywords: knowledge, attitude, prevention, complications, hypertension.
.
.

Relationship Knowledge With Attitude In The Prevention Of Complications In
Hypertension Patient’s At Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Of Surakarta (Nureesa Doloh)

INTRODUCTION
World Health Organization
(WHO) and the Center for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC)
estimates that the number of
patients with hypertension continues
to increase. Data of patients with
hypertension in the world around
one billion people and is increasing
every year. The number of
hypertensive patients in Indonesia
as much as 32 % between the ages
of 25 years and above with number
more men (42.7 %) than women
(39.2 %). The prevalence of 6-15 %
in adults, 50 % of them do not
realize as hypertensive patients so
they tend to be severe hypertension
because it does not avoid and do not
know resikinya factor, and 90 % is

an
essential
hypertension
(Armilawaty, 2009).
Hypertension is a state of
increased blood pressure that lead
to various complications, such as
stroke, kidney failure, and right
ventricular hypertrophy (Bustan,
2007).
American
Society
of
Hypertension
(ASH)
defines
hypertension as a progressive
cardiovascular syndrome as a result
of other conditions that are complex
and interconnected.

Knowledge or cognitive is very
important in shaping a person's
actions (over behavior). Behavior
based on knowledge will be more
lasting than behavior that is not
based on knowledge (Mubarak and
Iqbal, 2006). According Mustaida
(2000) there is a relationship
between the level of knowledge of
hypertensive
patients
with
uncontrolled
blood
pressure.
Hypertensive patients increased
knowledge about the disease will
lead to the advancement of thinking
about better health behaviors that

2

will affect the uncontrolled blood
pressure.
The number of hypertensive
patients at Hospital Dr. Moewardi
Surakarta showed fluctuations from
year to year, but in high quantities.
Data of patients with hypertension in
2012 as many as 1438 patients (667
outpatients
and
358
hospitalizations), increased to 2483
patients (1151 outpatient and 617
inpatient) in 2013, and falling back to
1950 patients (904 outpatients and
485 hospitalizations) in 2014.
Meanwhile, in January 2015 the
number of hypertensive patients who

went to the Hospital Dr. Moerwardi
Surakarta total of 103 outpatients.
One of the factors associated
with the incidence of complications
in patients with hypertension is the
attitude of patients to complications.
Lifestyle owned by hypertensive
patients, such as smoking and
consuming coffee and so on. The
tendency of people to ignore
prevention of complications of
hypertension can also be caused by
lack of patient him to influence their
lifestyle against the complications of
hypertension.
Results
of
preliminary
observations researchers at Hospital
Dr. Moewardi on May 25, 2015 by

asking the seven patients with
hypertension in polyclinic disease in
the Hospital Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.
Reply received on knowledge of
hypertension showed five patients
say that do not understand about the
definition of hypertension, do not
take medicine regularly, just go on a
diet of salt but other food is not
restricted, control of hypertension
irregular, and only come to the
hospital when they feel sick, The five
men were also told not to know
about
the
further
risk
of
hypertension. While attitudes, six

3

Relationship Knowledge With Attitude In The Prevention Of Complications In
Hypertension Patient’s At Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Of Surakarta (Nureesa Doloh)

people said not to take actions to
prevent complications. Five people
said that they eat foods containing
salt eg salted fish, salted eggs and
others, while one person still has not
quit smoking.
The purpose of this study was
to determine the correlation between
knowledge with attitude in the
prevention of complications in
patients
with
hypertension
in
hospitals. Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.

THE RESEARCH METHODS
Design of Study
This study is a descriptive
method that is correlative studies to
examine the relationship between
symptoms with other symptoms, or
variables with other variables
(Notoatmojo, 2007). In this study is
to look for the analysis of correlation
between knowledge and attitudes
prevention of complications in
patients
with
hypertension
in
hospitals. Dr. Moewardi Surakarta,
the approach used was a cross
sectional study design which is to
perform

measurements
or
observations at the same time (one
time) (Arikunto, 2010).
Population and sample
The population for this study
were all patients with hypertension
outpatient Hospital Dr. Moewardi
Surakarta.
Data
hypertensive
patients in 2014 amounted to 904
outpatients. The samples were 76
patients with the determination of
accidental sampling technique.
Measuring of study
This study uses a measuring
instrument in the form of a
questionnaire prevention complication of hipertension.

The Data Analyzed
Analysis of the data in this
study is bivariate. To be able to test
and analyze the data used Chi
Square technique.

RESULT AND DISCCUSION
Univariate Analysis
Frequency
Distribution
Knowledge

of

Table 1 Frequency Distribution of
Knowledge
No
1
2
3

Knowledge
Less
Moderate
Good
Total

F
36
29
11
76

%
47%
38%
15%
100%

Category Distribution of Attitude
Table 2 Category Distribution of
Attitude
No
1
2

Attitude
Negative
Positive
Total

F
39
37
76

%
51%
49%
100%

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Relationship Knowledge With Attitude In The Prevention Of Complications In
Hypertension Patient’s At Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Of Surakarta (Nureesa Doloh)

Relationship knowledge with
attitude to prevention
complication of hipertension
Table 3. Relationship knowledge with attitude to prevention complication of
hipertension
Knowledge
Less
Moderate
Good
Total

Negative
F
%
27
75%
11
38%
1
9%
39
51

Attitude
Positive
F
%
9
25%
18
62%
10
91%
37
49

χ2obs value of 18.018 with a
significance value (p - value) of
0.0001. Value research significance
(p - value) is less than 0.05
(0.0001χResults of chi square
analyzes
the
relationship
of
knowledge about the complications
with the attitude obtained prevention
of complications < 0.0) so that the
decision is H0 is rejected, it was
concluded there is a relationship
between the level of knowledge with
attitude in the prevention of
complications in patients with
hypertension
in
hospitals.
Dr.Moewardi Surakarta.
Further
cross-tabulation
relationship between the levels of
knowledge with attitude in the
prevention of complications in
patients
with
hypertension
in
hospitals. Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
showed that the higher the
knowledge of the respondent, the
more positive attitude.

Discussion
Knowledge about prevention of
Hypertention
The frequency distribution of
knowledge about the prevention of
complications
of
hypertension
showed the highest distribution is
less knowledge as many as 36
respondents (47 %). Based on the
results of the analysis of the
respondents' knowledge about the
prevention of complications is less

Total
F
36
29
11
76

%
100%
100%
100%
100%

χ2obs

p-value

18,013

0,0001

good.
Respondents'
knowledge
about
the
complications
of
hypertension includes the extent to
which the respondents know the
ways to prevent the onset of
complications. Ways of preventing
hypertension
understood
by
respondents include what is meant
by
the
complications
of
hypertension, the behavior of what
should be done to prevent
complications of hypertension and
how treatment of hypertension.
Knowledge of hypertensive
patients about the prevention of
complications of hypertension as
expressed in the research Jie Gu et
al (2014) who studied hypertensive
patients' knowledge about the
prevention of hypertension in
Shanghai
China.
This
study
describes the knowledge about the
prevention of hypertension patients
with hypertension include restriction
of salt intake, receive health
information on a regular basis, and
visited communities’ hypertensive
patients to get blood pressure
control services.
Some of the factors that affect a
person's knowledge as expressed
Notoatmodjo (2003) that the general
knowledge of a person affected by
life experience, education level,
physical health, especially on the
five senses, age associated with
perception and memory of the
material, media or books.

Relationship Knowledge With Attitude In The Prevention Of Complications In
Hypertension Patient’s At Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Of Surakarta (Nureesa Doloh)

The level of knowledge is
influenced
by
several
factors
including the level of education and
experience. The education level of
respondents are mostly elementary
ie a total of 33 respondents (38 %).
The education level of respondents
is relatively low causing the
respondent 's ability to understand
information about the complications
of hypertension becomes less.
Sadiman (2002) revealed that the
level of education relates to a
person's ability to understand and
analyze
the
information
into
knowledge, it is because the
person's education is taught about
understanding the information into
knowledge.
Another factor is the experience
possessed
by
people
with
hypertension
associated
with
hypertension treatment patterns
were done over the years. The
actions carried out by people with
hypertension and provide a certain
effect on his health to be a source of
knowledge
about
hypertension.
These experiences such as when
patients consume food that is diet
and hypertension, for example, salt
meat, so when they eat both these
foods in excess and subsequently
cause an increase in their blood
pressure. The experience that
consumes salt and meat causes
increased blood pressure would be a
source of knowledge of hypertensive
patients in particular on foods that
should be avoided for patients with
hypertension.
Cateqory of Attitude
Category distribution attitude of
prevention of complications of
hypertension showed the highest
distribution is the negative attitude
that is 39 respondents (51 %).
Negative attitude has a tendency to

5

ignore the respondents are efforts to
prevent complications. The negative
attitude shown by the behavior of the
respondents in a blood pressure
measurement is not routinely
performed. Most respondents never
avoid foods high berkolestrol and
contain high salt, not taking
antihypertensive
medication
regularly, although the work piling
rest, exercise regularly, control your
emotions when you're angry.
The results are consistent with
research Awotidebe et al (2013),
which examined the relationship of
knowledge, attitude toward the
behavior of blood pressure control in
hypertensive patients in Nigeria. The
study concluded that the attitude of
the pressure control in hypertensive
patients is negative.
Attitude
prevention
of
complications of hypertension in
patients with hypertension, among
others, is the education level of
respondents.
The
frequency
distribution of education level of
respondents showed that most
primary school education. The
relationship of education and
experience level of knowledge as
presented by Notoatmodjo (2003)
which suggests that a person's
knowledge can be obtained through
a process of trial and error (trial),
through institutional and personal
experience. Research Gayon (2012)
on the effect of health education on
the level of knowledge about blood
pressure control in the elderly in
Puskesmas Sigaluh I Banjarnegara,
concluded that fakor - factors related
to the ability of the elderly to
understand the material on health
education about blood pressure
control among others, the level of
education and experience good
personal
experiences
and
information from other people and
officers.

Relationship Knowledge With Attitude In The Prevention Of Complications In
Hypertension Patient’s At Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Of Surakarta (Nureesa Doloh)

Relationship knowledge with
attitude to prevention
complication of hipertension
χ2obs 18.018 with a significance
value (p-value) of 0.0001. the
conclusion of the study is the
relationship between the level of
knowledge with attitude in the
prevention of complications in
patients
with
hypertension
in
hospitals. Dr. Moewardi Surakarta,
where the higher the knowledge of
the respondent, the more positive
attitude.χResults of chi square
analyzes
the
relationship
of
knowledge about the complications
with the attitude obtained prevention
of complications
Attitudes
are
generally
associated with a healthy attitude
that has the sense of an attitude that
is based on the principles of health
where it is obtained from the learning
process. Learning is a process for
obtaining the knowledge, views and
skills needed to produce a certain
attitude or demeanor (Machfoedz,
2005).
Attitude change in people's lives
according to Bloom 's theory in
Notoatmodjo (2003) occurs in three
stages. The first stage is the
knowledge which is the result of
someone doing out after sensing to
a particular object. Knowledge is a
very important factor in shaping a
person's actions. The several factors
that influence an individual's level of
knowledge factors include education,
experience,
information,
the
environment and cultural and socioeconomic conditions of a person
(Notoatmodjo, 2007). The second
stage is an attitude that is a reaction
or response is still closed from a
person against a stimulus that can
not be directly seen. Attitude is a
readiness to act but not an action
(Notoatmodjo, 2007). The third stage
is the implementation of what was

6

addressed someone, manifested in
tangible actions which are a form of
attitude.
This study shows that there is a
relationship between the level of
knowledge about the complications
of hypertension with an attitude of
prevention of complications of
hypertension
in
patients
with
hypertension
in
the
village
Batuwarno Batuwarno Wonogiri
districts turned out to support the
results of previous research. The
first study conducted by Berlinda
(2013) on "Relationships level of
knowledge about the prevention of
complications of hypertension with
the attitude of hypertension in
patients with hypertension in Panti
Wredha Pangesti Lawang Malang".
The study concluded that there is a
correlation level of knowledge about
the prevention of complications of
hypertension with the attitude of
hypertension (p-value = 0.002).
Another study conducted by Hae-ra
(2007),
which
examined
the
relationship of knowledge, beliefs
customs control blood pressure in
the Korean American community
adulthood. This study shows that
there is a relationship of knowledge
to the habits of blood pressure
control, where the higher the better
knowledge of the habit.

Conclussion and Suggestion
Conclussion
This study showed that patients'
knowledge hypertensive outpatients
at Hospital Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
on the prevention of complications of
hypertension caused largely lacking
education level is low and the
majority of patients who lack
experience on the prevention of
complications of hypertension. The
attitude of people with hypertension
in the prevention of complications of

Relationship Knowledge With Attitude In The Prevention Of Complications In
Hypertension Patient’s At Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Of Surakarta (Nureesa Doloh)

hypertension
in
patients
with
hypertension in hospitals. Dr.
Moewardi Surakarta largely negative
in which patients pay less attention
to the prevention of complications of
hypertension. The study also shows
there is a correlation between
knowledge with attitude in the
prevention of complications of
hypertension
in
patients
with
hypertension
in
Hospital
Dr.
Moewardi Surakarta, ie the higher
the patient's level of knowledge in
the prevention of complications of
hypertension attitude more positive.
Limitations
The study was conducted at the
time the respondent waiting in a
hospital waiting room as well as
researchers wait for filling out the
questionnaire. These conditions
allow respondents uncomfortable
and rush into filling out the
questionnaire, so there is a
possibility that the information
provided is less describes the
patient's actual condition.
Recommendations
Results of this study hopefully
can be a reference for the
development of further research,
among other researchers seeking
questionnaires by respondents really
describe the condition of the
respondents,
for
example
by
providing a longer time in filling out
the questionnaire, as well as the
observations to several respondents
as a crosscheck against the
respondents in questionnaire.

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*Nureesa Doloh: S1 Nursing
Student FIK UMS. Jln A Yani Tromol
Post 1 Kartasura
** Agus Sudaryanto, S.Kep, Ns.,
M.Kes: Lecturer of Nursing FIK UMS.
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