DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETE WITH WASTE PLASTIC PET AS MODIFIED BITUMEN.
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digilib.uns.ac.id
DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETE
WITH WASTE PLASTIC PET AS MODIFIED BITUMEN
THESIS
Submitted to the Post Graduate of Civil in Engineering
Program in Partial fulfillment for the Requirements for
the Degree of Master of Engineering in Infrastructure
by
Suliman Abdulkabir Almasatr
NO.S 941208027
POST GRADUATE
CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2015
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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY AND CONTENT
PUBLICATION OF FINAL PROJECT
I declare actually:
1. Thesis by the title:
DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT
CONCRETE WITH WASTE PLASTIC PET AS MODIFIED
BITUMEN is my own work and has not been submitted for any degree
or other purposes, except has been mentioned on the bibliography as
reference of this paper. If in the future proved there is plagiarism in this
paper, I am willing to accept the sanction appropriate to legislation
(Permendiknas No. 17, 2010).
2. Publication of this Thesis on Journal or scientific forum should be
permission and include the counselor as author and PPs UNS as
institution. In the period at least one semester I did not do the publication
of part or all of the contents of this thesis, the Master Civil Engineering
Program of UNS reserves the right to publish a scientific journal published
by the Master Civil Engineering Department of UNS. If I am in violation
of the terms of this publication, then I am willing to receive the applicable
academic sanctions.
Surakarta,
2015
Author,
Suliman abdulkabir almasatr
S941208027
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
FOREWORD
This thesis would not have been p
great praise to Allah the lord of the universe. The writer could achieve master
program of civil engineering in Sebelas Maret University by completing this
thesis. The writer would like to give special thanks to those who have always
looked out for his future, who are:
1. Director of Civil Engineering of Master Program, Sebelas Maret University.
2.
Sebelas Maret University.
3.
thanks for their support and advice during arranging this thesis.
4. Civil engineering faculty staffs that have been given help and support during
5. My beloved father and mother, may Allah loves u both always anywhere.
6. My brothers and sisters who have been great brotherhood with never ending
supports in every condition.
7. Class fellows of civil engineering, thanks for inspiration and suggestion.
8. Indonesian friends, thanks for friendship and wonderful experience during in
Indonesia.
9. All people who have helped
one.
The writer hopes this thesis contributes to the future work either in the
development of pavement application practically or academic practitioners.
Finally, the writer is hopefully Allah give his blessing for all of us.
Surakarta, August 2015
The writer
Suliman Abdulkabir Almasatr
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRACT
This study is an aim to investigate experimentally the influence of waste
plastic PET on design and properties of asphalt concrete (AC). Asphalt
concrete modification with plastic as bitumen modifier improves temperature
susceptibility. Present study was purposed to design asphalt concrete with
plastic as modified bitumen. The objectives of this study were to design the AC
with waste plastic bottle as bitumen modifier, to assess the AC properties
modified with waste bottle plastic and compare it with unmodified AC. AC
was modified with 6% plastic as bitumen modifier.
Marshal properties, Indirect Tensile Strength test (ITS) and Unconfined
Compressive Strength (UCS) have been carried out at different temperature at
20°, 40°, and 60°C. The Marshal Test results show that Optimum Bitumen
Content (OBC) unmodified AC attained 6.08% and 6.01% for AC modified
with plastic. Stability, flow, marshal quotient, VMA and FVMA of unmodified
AC attained higher value than modified AC. And only air void of modified AC
was higher than unmodified AC. Air void of AC modified plastic attained 1.9%
higher than unmodified AC.
The result of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile
strength test (ITS) of modified and unmodified AC reached the highest value at
temperature of 20°C. Further the UCS and ITS values started to decrease with
the increase of temperature. However modified AC was sensitive less towards
temperature compared with unmodified AC because there was large amount of
UCS and ITS decrease. Therefore, waste bottle plastic could be utilized as
bitumen modifier of asphalt concrete in low temperature region.
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh
limbah plastik PET sebagai bahan tambahan dalam aspal sehingga dapat
diketahui desain dan sifat beton aspal (AC) dengan bahan tambahan plastik
sebagai modifikasi. Aspal beton dengan bahan tambahan plastik sebagai aspal
modifier meningkatkan kerentanan suhu. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk
merancang beton aspal dengan plastik sebagai bahan modifikasi aspal. Selain
itu juga bertujuan untuk menilai sifat AC yang dimodifikasi dengan botol
sampah plastik dan membandingkannya dengan AC tanpa modifikasi plastik.
AC dimodifikasi dengan 6% plastik sebagai aspal modifier.
Serangkaian Marshal test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) dan unconfined
compressive strength (UCS) tes telah dilakukan pada suhu yang berbeda pada
20 °, 40 °, dan 60°C. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa optimum bitumen
content (OBC) konventional AC mencapai 6,08% dan 6,01% untuk AC
dimodifikasi dengan plastik. Stabilitas, aliran, marshal quotient, VMA dan
FVMA dari konventional AC mencapai nilai yang lebih tinggi daripada
dimodifikasi AC. Dan hanya kekosongan udara dimodifikasi AC lebih tinggi
dari AC dimodifikasi. Rongga udara dari AC dimodifikasi plastik mencapai
1,9% lebih tinggi dari yang tidak dimodifikasi AC.
Hasil Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) dan uji Indirect Tensile
Strength (ITS) dari AC tanpa modifikasi dan AC dengan dimodifikasi plastik
mencapai nilai tertinggi pada suhu 20° C. Selanjutnya UCS dan nilai-nilai ITS
mulai menurun dengan meningkatnya suhu. Namun AC yang dimodifikasi
dengan plastik kurang sensitif terhadap suhu dibandingkan dengan AC yang
tidak dimodifikasi karena ada sejumlah besar nilai penurunan. Oleh karena itu,
limbah botol plastik bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai aspal modifier beton aspal di
daerah suhu tinggi.
commit to user
vii
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CONTENT LIST
TITLE...............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL PAGE .........................................................................................
ii
SUPERVISOR ENDORSEMENT ..................................................................
iii
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................
iv
FOREWORD ...................................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................
vii
CONTENT LIST ..............................................................................................
viii
FIGURE LIST ..................................................................................................
xi
TABLE LIST ...................................................................................................
xii
ABBREVATIONS ...........................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
1.1
Background ................................................................
1
1.2
Problem statement ......................................................
3
1.3
Objectives of Study ....................................................
3
1.4
Scope of Research ......................................................
3
1.5
Benefit of Study .........................................................
3
LITERATURE REVIEW & BASIC THEORY ..................
5
2.1
Literature Review .......................................................
5
2.1.1 Polymer modified asphalt mix ........................
5
2.1.2 Plastic polymers..............................................
6
2.1.3 Types of plastics .............................................
6
2.1.4 Plastics waste problem ...................................
10
2.1.5 Plastic Wastes utilization in asphalt
mixtures ..........................................................
10
2.1.6 Laboratory studies related of plastics
utilization in asphalt mixes .............................
commit to user
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perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
digilib.uns.ac.id
2.2 Basic theory ................................................................
14
2.2.1 Introduction .....................................................
14
2.2.2 Hot Mix Asphalt .............................................
15
2.2.3 Basic materials in hot mix asphalt ..................
16
METHOD OF RESEARCH ................................................
21
3.1
Introduction................................................................
21
3.2
Location ......................................................................
21
3.3
Parameter and Variable ..............................................
21
3.4
Instrument...................................................................
22
3.5
Research Procedures ..................................................
30
3.6
Flowchart of study ......................................................
32
RESULT AND DISCUSSION ............................................
33
4.1. Introduction ................................................................
33
4.2. Blending Aggregates ..................................................
33
4.3. Asphalt Bitumen Test Results ....................................
34
4.3.1. Properties specifications of asphalt binder
4.4
course ..............................................................
34
4.3.2 Penetration of Bitumen ...................................
34
4.3.3 Ductility Result ...............................................
35
4.3.4 Flash and Fire Point Results ...........................
35
4.3.5 Softening Point Result ....................................
35
Marshal Test without Plastic and with Plastic ...........
36
4.4.1 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Stability ....................................................
36
4.4.2 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Flow .........................................................
37
4.4.3 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Marshal Quotient .....................................
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39
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4.4.4 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Void Mineral Aggregate (VMA) .............
40
4.4.5 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Void Filled with Asphalt (VFWA) ..........
41
4.4.6 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Air Void (Va) ...........................................
43
4.4.7 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) ................
44
4.5
Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) .................
45
4.6
Indirect Tensile Test (ITS) .........................................
47
CONCLUSION....................................................................
49
REFERENCE ...................................................................................................
51
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................
54
CHAPTER V
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TABLE LIST
Table 2.1 Types and Classification of Polymers ..........................................
8
Table 2.2 Types of plastics, their applications and SPI code ........................
9
Table 2.3 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D5315) ..................
18
Table 2.4 Mechanical properties specifications for asphalt binder course....
19
Table 3.1 Parameter and variable of present study .......................................
21
Table 3.2 Asphalt Plastic mix sample ...........................................................
30
Table 3.3 Asphalt mix design ........................................................................
30
Table 3.4 Optimum bitumen content sample ................................................
30
Table 3.5 Unconfined compressive test samples...........................................
31
Table 3.6 Indirect tensile test samples...........................................................
31
Table 4.1 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) ..................
33
Table 4.2
Properties specification of asphalt AC 60/ 70 ..............................
34
Table 4.3 Penetration Results of bitumen with and without plastic ..............
35
Table 4.4 Ductility result of bitumen with and without plastic .....................
35
Table 4.5 Results of Flash and Point of bitumen with and without plastic ...
35
Table 4.6 Softening point results of bitumen with and without plastic .........
36
Table 4.7 Properties of Asphalt Mix used Marshal Test of without plastic
and with 6% plastic .......................................................................
commit to user
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36
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FIGURE LIST
Figure 2.1 Vertical section of asphalt concrete pavement structure. ..................
16
Figure 2.2 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) ......................
19
Figure 3.1 Cutting Plastic Bottles Machine ........................................................
22
Figure 3.2 Sieve analysis tool .............................................................................
23
Figure 3.3 Ductility test tool ...............................................................................
24
Figure 3.4 Flash and fire test tool .......................................................................
25
Figure 3.5 Softening point test tool ....................................................................
26
Figure 3.6 Penetration test tool ...........................................................................
27
Figure 3.7 Marshal Testing machine ..................................................................
28
Figure 3.8 Machine for Unconfined Compressive Strength ...............................
29
Figure 3.9 Machine for Indirect Tensile Strength ..............................................
29
Figure 3.10 Flowchart of study.............................................................................
32
Figure 4.1 Gradation Of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) .....................
34
Figure 4.2 Correlations between Stability and Bitumen with and without
Plastic ................................................................................................
37
Figure 4.3 Correlations between Flow and Bitumen with and without Plastic ..
38
Figure 4.4 Correlations between MQ and Bitumen with and without Plastic ....
40
Figure 4.5
41
Correlations between VMA and Bitumen with and without Plastic
Figure 4.6 Correlations between VFWA and Bitumen with and without
Plastic ................................................................................................
42
Figure 4.7 Correlations between Va and Bitumen with and without Plastic ......
43
Figure 4.8 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) without Plastic ..........................
44
Figure 4.9 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) with 6% Plastic .........................
45
Figure 4.10 UCS results for AC without and with plastic at several
temperatures ......................................................................................
46
Figure 4.11 ITS Result for various plastic percentages at different temperature .
47
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ABBREVATIONS
AC
: Asphalt Concrete
ASTM
: American Society of Testing and Materials
CRM
: Crumb Rubber Modifier
EVA
: Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
HDPE
: High Density Polyethylene
HMA
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
ITS
: Indirect Tensile Strength
LDPE
: Low Density Polyethylene
MQ
: Marshal Quotient
OBC
: Optimum Bitumen Content
PET
: Polyethylene Terephthalate
PP
: Polypropylene
R2
: Correlation coefficient
SPI
: Society of the Plastics Industry
UCS
: Unconfined Compressive Strength
UTM
: Universal Testing Machine
Va
: Air Void
VFWA
: Voids Filled with Asphalt
VMA
: Voids Mineral Aggregate
WPB
: Waste Plastic Bottles
WPPM
: Waste Polymeric Packaging Material
commit to user
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DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETE
WITH WASTE PLASTIC PET AS MODIFIED BITUMEN
THESIS
Submitted to the Post Graduate of Civil in Engineering
Program in Partial fulfillment for the Requirements for
the Degree of Master of Engineering in Infrastructure
by
Suliman Abdulkabir Almasatr
NO.S 941208027
POST GRADUATE
CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2015
commit to user
i
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
ii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY AND CONTENT
PUBLICATION OF FINAL PROJECT
I declare actually:
1. Thesis by the title:
DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT
CONCRETE WITH WASTE PLASTIC PET AS MODIFIED
BITUMEN is my own work and has not been submitted for any degree
or other purposes, except has been mentioned on the bibliography as
reference of this paper. If in the future proved there is plagiarism in this
paper, I am willing to accept the sanction appropriate to legislation
(Permendiknas No. 17, 2010).
2. Publication of this Thesis on Journal or scientific forum should be
permission and include the counselor as author and PPs UNS as
institution. In the period at least one semester I did not do the publication
of part or all of the contents of this thesis, the Master Civil Engineering
Program of UNS reserves the right to publish a scientific journal published
by the Master Civil Engineering Department of UNS. If I am in violation
of the terms of this publication, then I am willing to receive the applicable
academic sanctions.
Surakarta,
2015
Author,
Suliman abdulkabir almasatr
S941208027
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
FOREWORD
This thesis would not have been p
great praise to Allah the lord of the universe. The writer could achieve master
program of civil engineering in Sebelas Maret University by completing this
thesis. The writer would like to give special thanks to those who have always
looked out for his future, who are:
1. Director of Civil Engineering of Master Program, Sebelas Maret University.
2.
Sebelas Maret University.
3.
thanks for their support and advice during arranging this thesis.
4. Civil engineering faculty staffs that have been given help and support during
5. My beloved father and mother, may Allah loves u both always anywhere.
6. My brothers and sisters who have been great brotherhood with never ending
supports in every condition.
7. Class fellows of civil engineering, thanks for inspiration and suggestion.
8. Indonesian friends, thanks for friendship and wonderful experience during in
Indonesia.
9. All people who have helped
one.
The writer hopes this thesis contributes to the future work either in the
development of pavement application practically or academic practitioners.
Finally, the writer is hopefully Allah give his blessing for all of us.
Surakarta, August 2015
The writer
Suliman Abdulkabir Almasatr
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRACT
This study is an aim to investigate experimentally the influence of waste
plastic PET on design and properties of asphalt concrete (AC). Asphalt
concrete modification with plastic as bitumen modifier improves temperature
susceptibility. Present study was purposed to design asphalt concrete with
plastic as modified bitumen. The objectives of this study were to design the AC
with waste plastic bottle as bitumen modifier, to assess the AC properties
modified with waste bottle plastic and compare it with unmodified AC. AC
was modified with 6% plastic as bitumen modifier.
Marshal properties, Indirect Tensile Strength test (ITS) and Unconfined
Compressive Strength (UCS) have been carried out at different temperature at
20°, 40°, and 60°C. The Marshal Test results show that Optimum Bitumen
Content (OBC) unmodified AC attained 6.08% and 6.01% for AC modified
with plastic. Stability, flow, marshal quotient, VMA and FVMA of unmodified
AC attained higher value than modified AC. And only air void of modified AC
was higher than unmodified AC. Air void of AC modified plastic attained 1.9%
higher than unmodified AC.
The result of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile
strength test (ITS) of modified and unmodified AC reached the highest value at
temperature of 20°C. Further the UCS and ITS values started to decrease with
the increase of temperature. However modified AC was sensitive less towards
temperature compared with unmodified AC because there was large amount of
UCS and ITS decrease. Therefore, waste bottle plastic could be utilized as
bitumen modifier of asphalt concrete in low temperature region.
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh
limbah plastik PET sebagai bahan tambahan dalam aspal sehingga dapat
diketahui desain dan sifat beton aspal (AC) dengan bahan tambahan plastik
sebagai modifikasi. Aspal beton dengan bahan tambahan plastik sebagai aspal
modifier meningkatkan kerentanan suhu. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk
merancang beton aspal dengan plastik sebagai bahan modifikasi aspal. Selain
itu juga bertujuan untuk menilai sifat AC yang dimodifikasi dengan botol
sampah plastik dan membandingkannya dengan AC tanpa modifikasi plastik.
AC dimodifikasi dengan 6% plastik sebagai aspal modifier.
Serangkaian Marshal test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) dan unconfined
compressive strength (UCS) tes telah dilakukan pada suhu yang berbeda pada
20 °, 40 °, dan 60°C. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa optimum bitumen
content (OBC) konventional AC mencapai 6,08% dan 6,01% untuk AC
dimodifikasi dengan plastik. Stabilitas, aliran, marshal quotient, VMA dan
FVMA dari konventional AC mencapai nilai yang lebih tinggi daripada
dimodifikasi AC. Dan hanya kekosongan udara dimodifikasi AC lebih tinggi
dari AC dimodifikasi. Rongga udara dari AC dimodifikasi plastik mencapai
1,9% lebih tinggi dari yang tidak dimodifikasi AC.
Hasil Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) dan uji Indirect Tensile
Strength (ITS) dari AC tanpa modifikasi dan AC dengan dimodifikasi plastik
mencapai nilai tertinggi pada suhu 20° C. Selanjutnya UCS dan nilai-nilai ITS
mulai menurun dengan meningkatnya suhu. Namun AC yang dimodifikasi
dengan plastik kurang sensitif terhadap suhu dibandingkan dengan AC yang
tidak dimodifikasi karena ada sejumlah besar nilai penurunan. Oleh karena itu,
limbah botol plastik bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai aspal modifier beton aspal di
daerah suhu tinggi.
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
CONTENT LIST
TITLE...............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL PAGE .........................................................................................
ii
SUPERVISOR ENDORSEMENT ..................................................................
iii
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................
iv
FOREWORD ...................................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................
vii
CONTENT LIST ..............................................................................................
viii
FIGURE LIST ..................................................................................................
xi
TABLE LIST ...................................................................................................
xii
ABBREVATIONS ...........................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
1.1
Background ................................................................
1
1.2
Problem statement ......................................................
3
1.3
Objectives of Study ....................................................
3
1.4
Scope of Research ......................................................
3
1.5
Benefit of Study .........................................................
3
LITERATURE REVIEW & BASIC THEORY ..................
5
2.1
Literature Review .......................................................
5
2.1.1 Polymer modified asphalt mix ........................
5
2.1.2 Plastic polymers..............................................
6
2.1.3 Types of plastics .............................................
6
2.1.4 Plastics waste problem ...................................
10
2.1.5 Plastic Wastes utilization in asphalt
mixtures ..........................................................
10
2.1.6 Laboratory studies related of plastics
utilization in asphalt mixes .............................
commit to user
viii
11
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
digilib.uns.ac.id
2.2 Basic theory ................................................................
14
2.2.1 Introduction .....................................................
14
2.2.2 Hot Mix Asphalt .............................................
15
2.2.3 Basic materials in hot mix asphalt ..................
16
METHOD OF RESEARCH ................................................
21
3.1
Introduction................................................................
21
3.2
Location ......................................................................
21
3.3
Parameter and Variable ..............................................
21
3.4
Instrument...................................................................
22
3.5
Research Procedures ..................................................
30
3.6
Flowchart of study ......................................................
32
RESULT AND DISCUSSION ............................................
33
4.1. Introduction ................................................................
33
4.2. Blending Aggregates ..................................................
33
4.3. Asphalt Bitumen Test Results ....................................
34
4.3.1. Properties specifications of asphalt binder
4.4
course ..............................................................
34
4.3.2 Penetration of Bitumen ...................................
34
4.3.3 Ductility Result ...............................................
35
4.3.4 Flash and Fire Point Results ...........................
35
4.3.5 Softening Point Result ....................................
35
Marshal Test without Plastic and with Plastic ...........
36
4.4.1 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Stability ....................................................
36
4.4.2 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Flow .........................................................
37
4.4.3 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Marshal Quotient .....................................
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39
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4.4.4 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Void Mineral Aggregate (VMA) .............
40
4.4.5 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Void Filled with Asphalt (VFWA) ..........
41
4.4.6 Correlation between Bitumen Content
and Air Void (Va) ...........................................
43
4.4.7 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) ................
44
4.5
Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) .................
45
4.6
Indirect Tensile Test (ITS) .........................................
47
CONCLUSION....................................................................
49
REFERENCE ...................................................................................................
51
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................
54
CHAPTER V
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digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE LIST
Table 2.1 Types and Classification of Polymers ..........................................
8
Table 2.2 Types of plastics, their applications and SPI code ........................
9
Table 2.3 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D5315) ..................
18
Table 2.4 Mechanical properties specifications for asphalt binder course....
19
Table 3.1 Parameter and variable of present study .......................................
21
Table 3.2 Asphalt Plastic mix sample ...........................................................
30
Table 3.3 Asphalt mix design ........................................................................
30
Table 3.4 Optimum bitumen content sample ................................................
30
Table 3.5 Unconfined compressive test samples...........................................
31
Table 3.6 Indirect tensile test samples...........................................................
31
Table 4.1 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) ..................
33
Table 4.2
Properties specification of asphalt AC 60/ 70 ..............................
34
Table 4.3 Penetration Results of bitumen with and without plastic ..............
35
Table 4.4 Ductility result of bitumen with and without plastic .....................
35
Table 4.5 Results of Flash and Point of bitumen with and without plastic ...
35
Table 4.6 Softening point results of bitumen with and without plastic .........
36
Table 4.7 Properties of Asphalt Mix used Marshal Test of without plastic
and with 6% plastic .......................................................................
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digilib.uns.ac.id
FIGURE LIST
Figure 2.1 Vertical section of asphalt concrete pavement structure. ..................
16
Figure 2.2 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) ......................
19
Figure 3.1 Cutting Plastic Bottles Machine ........................................................
22
Figure 3.2 Sieve analysis tool .............................................................................
23
Figure 3.3 Ductility test tool ...............................................................................
24
Figure 3.4 Flash and fire test tool .......................................................................
25
Figure 3.5 Softening point test tool ....................................................................
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Figure 3.6 Penetration test tool ...........................................................................
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Figure 3.7 Marshal Testing machine ..................................................................
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Figure 3.8 Machine for Unconfined Compressive Strength ...............................
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Figure 3.9 Machine for Indirect Tensile Strength ..............................................
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Figure 3.10 Flowchart of study.............................................................................
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Figure 4.1 Gradation Of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) .....................
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Figure 4.2 Correlations between Stability and Bitumen with and without
Plastic ................................................................................................
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Figure 4.3 Correlations between Flow and Bitumen with and without Plastic ..
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Figure 4.4 Correlations between MQ and Bitumen with and without Plastic ....
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Figure 4.5
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Correlations between VMA and Bitumen with and without Plastic
Figure 4.6 Correlations between VFWA and Bitumen with and without
Plastic ................................................................................................
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Figure 4.7 Correlations between Va and Bitumen with and without Plastic ......
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Figure 4.8 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) without Plastic ..........................
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Figure 4.9 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) with 6% Plastic .........................
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Figure 4.10 UCS results for AC without and with plastic at several
temperatures ......................................................................................
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Figure 4.11 ITS Result for various plastic percentages at different temperature .
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ABBREVATIONS
AC
: Asphalt Concrete
ASTM
: American Society of Testing and Materials
CRM
: Crumb Rubber Modifier
EVA
: Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
HDPE
: High Density Polyethylene
HMA
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
ITS
: Indirect Tensile Strength
LDPE
: Low Density Polyethylene
MQ
: Marshal Quotient
OBC
: Optimum Bitumen Content
PET
: Polyethylene Terephthalate
PP
: Polypropylene
R2
: Correlation coefficient
SPI
: Society of the Plastics Industry
UCS
: Unconfined Compressive Strength
UTM
: Universal Testing Machine
Va
: Air Void
VFWA
: Voids Filled with Asphalt
VMA
: Voids Mineral Aggregate
WPB
: Waste Plastic Bottles
WPPM
: Waste Polymeric Packaging Material
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