MODEL ENDAPAN DAN KUALITAS BATUBARA UNTUK EVALUASI SUMBERDAYA BATUBARA BERDASARKAN DATA PEMBORAN DAN GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING PADA FORMASI MUARA ENIM, KECAMATAN MUARA TEBO, PROVINSI JAMBI.
`DAFTAR ISI
Abstrak.................................................................................................................. i
Abstract................................................................................................................. ii
Kata Pengantar...................................................................................................... iii
Daftar Isi............................................................................................................... v
Daftar Gambar...................................................................................................... x
Daftar Tabel.......................................................................................................... xii
Daftar Peta........................................................................................................... xiii
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................... 1
1.I Latar Belakang..................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan Penelitian................................................................................ 2
1.3 Daerah Penelitian................................................................................. 2
1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian............................................................................ 3
1.5 Pembatasan Masalah............................................................................ 3
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA........................................................................... 4
2.1 Fisiografi & Geologi Regional............................................................. 4
2.1.1 Stratigrafi Regional...................................................................... 6
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1. Batuan Dasar.............................................................................. 7
2. Formasi Lahat............................................................................. 8
3. Formasi Talang Akar.................................................................. 9
4. Formasi Baturaja........................................................................ 9
5. Formasi Gumai........................................................................... 9
6. Formasi Air Benakat................................................................. 10
7. Formasi Muara Enim................................................................ 10
8. Formasi Kasai........................................................................... 11
9. Sedimen Kuarter....................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Struktur Geologi regional........................................................... 11
2.2.1 Stratigrafi Daerah Penelitian...................................................... 13
2.3 Landasan Teori................................................................................... 16
2.3.1 Pembentukan Batubara............................................................... 16
1. Gambut..................................................................................... 16
2. Batubara................................................................................... 16
1. Tahap Biokimia/Peatifikasi...................................................... 17
2. Tahap Dinamokimia/Metamorfisma........................................ 17
2.3.2 Faktor-faktor yang Berpengaruh................................................ 18
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2.3.2.1 Posisi Geotektonik............................................................... 18
2.3.2.2 Paleotopografi...................................................................... 20
2.3.2.3 Iklim..................................................................................... 21
2.3.2.4 Tumbuh-tumbuhan............................................................... 21
2.3.2.5 Pembusukan......................................................................... 22
2.3.2.6 Proses Penurunan Dasar Cekungan...................................... 22
2.3.2.7 Waktu Geologi..................................................................... 23
2.3.2.8 Sejarah Setalah Pengendapan............................................... 24
2.3.2.9 Metamorfosa Organik.......................................................... 24
2.3.3 Kualitas Batubara........................................................................ 25
2.3.3.1 Parameter Kualitas Batubara................................................ 26
2.3.3.2 Dasar Analisa Kualitas Batubara......................................... 27
2.3.3.3 Klasifikasi Kualitas Batubara menurut ASTM.................... 28
2.3.4 Perhitungan Sumberdaya Batubara(JORC, 2004)...................... 32
2.3.4.1 Klasifikasi Sumberdaya Cadangan Batubara....................... 33
2.3.4.1.1 Pengertian Sumberdaya................................................. 33
2.3.4.2 Pengertian Cadangan............................................................ 35
2.3.4.3 Kriteria dasar Metode Perhitungan Sumberdaya Batubara.. 35
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2.3.5 Konsep Dasar Metode Perhitungan Sumberdaya batubara......... 36
2.3.5.1 Metode Daerah Pengaruh (Area of Influence)..................... 36
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN...................................................................... 39
3.1 Objek Penelitian................................................................................. 39
3.2 Alat-alat yang Digunakan.................................................................. 39
3.3 Langkah-langkah Penelitian………………………………………... 40
3.3.1 Persiapan..................................................................................... 40
3.3.2 Pengolahan Data......................................................................... 41
3.3.3 Penulisan Laporan...................................................................... 44
3.3.4 Pemodelan dan Perhitungan Sumberdaya Batubara.................. 44
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN..................................... 47
4.1 Geologi Daerah Penelitian................................................................. 47
4.2 Karakteristik Lapisan Batubara di Muara Tebo................................. 48
4.3 Stratigrafi............................................................................................ 48
4.4 Kolerasi.............................................................................................. 49
4.5 Penyebaran Lapisan Batubara Muara Tebo....................................... 55
A. Lapisan Batubara D................................................................ 57
B. Lapisan Batubara C................................................................. 58
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C. Lapisan Batubara B................................................................. 58
D. Lapisan Batubara A1.............................................................. 58
E. lapisan Batubara A................................................................... 59
4.5 Kualitas Batubara............................................................................... 60
4.5.1 Penyebaran Kualitas Batubara Muara tebo Area.................... 60
4.5.2 Klasifikasi batubara di Muara Tebo Area................................ 64
4.6 Perhitungan Sumberdaya Batubara.................................................... 66
BAB V Kesimpulan............................................................................................. 71
Daftar Pustaka..................................................................................................... xvi
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Fisiografi Pulau Sumatera (Badan geologi, 2010)............................ 4
Gambar 2.2 hubungan antara sumberdaya dan cadangan batubara (JORC,
2004)..................................................................................................................... 34
Gambar 2.3 Teknik perhitungan sumberdaya Batubara (Joint Ore Reseve
Commite, 2004).................................................................................................... 37
Gambar 2.4a cara perhitungan sumberdaya batubara (Lapisan AU dan AL).... 38
Gambar 2.4b cara perhitungan sumberdaya batubara (Lapisan CU, CL, dan
B)........................................................................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.4c cara perhitungan sumberdaya batubara (Lapisan D)..................... 38
Gambar 3.1 Bagan Alir Penelitian...................................................................... 44
Gambar 4.1 Stratigrafi Umum Muara Tebo Area............................................... 49
Gambar 4.2A Kolerasi Umum pelamparan Seam D, Muara Tebo Area............ 51
Gambar 4.2B Kolerasi umum pelamparan Batubara lapisan D, (zoom view).... 52
Gambar 4.2C Lokasi Pengambilan Data Kolerasi Seam D............................... 52
Gambar 4.2D Kolerasi umum pelamparan Batubara lapisan CU, CL dan
B........................................................................................................................... 53
Gambar 4.2E Lokasi Pengambilan Data Kolerasi Seam CU, CL dan B............ 53
x
Gambar 4.2F Kolerasi umum pelamparan Batubara Seam A1, AU dan
AL,....................................................................................................................... 54
Gambar 4.2G Lokasi pengambilan data kolerasi seam A1, A, AU, dan AL..... 55
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Kolom Stratigrafi Peta geologi, PPPG, Lembar 0914 (PPPG, 1994).. 15
Tabel 2.2 Klasifikasi Kualitas Batubara menurut ASTM................................... 32
Tabel 4.1 Skema geologi seam batubara Muara Tebo Area................................ 59
Tabel 4.2 Composite Quality Lapisan A, A1, B, C, dan D.................................. 64
Tabel 4.3 Klasifikasi Lapisan Batubara Utama Daerah Penelitian Berdasarkan
A.S.T.M................................................................................................................ 66
Tabel 4.4 Tabel Sumberdaya terukur (Measured) Batubara Muara Tebo Area.. 68
Tabel 4.5 Tabel Sumberdaya terunjuk (Indicated) Batubara Muara Tebo Area. 69
Tabel 4.6 Sumberdaya terunjuk (Indicated) Batubara Muara Tebo Area........... 70
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DAFTAR PETA
Lembar Peta 1 Peta Penyebaran Outcrop Seam A, A1, B, C, dan D
Lembar Peta 2 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 3 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 4 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam AL dan CL
Lembar Peta 5 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam AU dan CU
Lembar Peta 6 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam B
Lembar Peta 7 Peta Sebaran Titik Bor
Lembar Peta 8 Peta Isopach Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 9 Peta Isopach Seam AL dan CL
Lembar Peta 10 Peta Isopach Seam AU dan CU
Lembar Peta 11 Peta Isopach Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 12 Peta Isopach Seam B
Lembar Peta 13 Peta Calorific Value Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 14 Peta Calorific value Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 15 Peta Calorific value Seam B
Lembar Peta 16 Peta Iso Quality Ash Content Seam A dan C
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Lembar Peta 17 Peta Iso Quality Ash Content Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 18 Peta Iso Quality Ash Content Seam B
Lembar Peta 19 Peta Iso Quality Sulfur A dan C
Lembar Peta 20 Peta Iso Quality Sulfur A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 21 Peta Iso Quality Sulfur Seam B
Lembar Peta 22 Peta Iso Quality Total Moisture Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 23 Peta Iso Quality Total Moisture Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 24 Peta Iso Quality Total Moisture Seam B
Lembar Peta 25 Peta Resource Polygon Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 26 Peta Resource Polygon Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 27 Peta Resource Seam B
Lembar Peta 28 Fence Diagram
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Abstrak.................................................................................................................. i
Abstract................................................................................................................. ii
Kata Pengantar...................................................................................................... iii
Daftar Isi............................................................................................................... v
Daftar Gambar...................................................................................................... x
Daftar Tabel.......................................................................................................... xii
Daftar Peta........................................................................................................... xiii
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................... 1
1.I Latar Belakang..................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan Penelitian................................................................................ 2
1.3 Daerah Penelitian................................................................................. 2
1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian............................................................................ 3
1.5 Pembatasan Masalah............................................................................ 3
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA........................................................................... 4
2.1 Fisiografi & Geologi Regional............................................................. 4
2.1.1 Stratigrafi Regional...................................................................... 6
v
1. Batuan Dasar.............................................................................. 7
2. Formasi Lahat............................................................................. 8
3. Formasi Talang Akar.................................................................. 9
4. Formasi Baturaja........................................................................ 9
5. Formasi Gumai........................................................................... 9
6. Formasi Air Benakat................................................................. 10
7. Formasi Muara Enim................................................................ 10
8. Formasi Kasai........................................................................... 11
9. Sedimen Kuarter....................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Struktur Geologi regional........................................................... 11
2.2.1 Stratigrafi Daerah Penelitian...................................................... 13
2.3 Landasan Teori................................................................................... 16
2.3.1 Pembentukan Batubara............................................................... 16
1. Gambut..................................................................................... 16
2. Batubara................................................................................... 16
1. Tahap Biokimia/Peatifikasi...................................................... 17
2. Tahap Dinamokimia/Metamorfisma........................................ 17
2.3.2 Faktor-faktor yang Berpengaruh................................................ 18
vi
2.3.2.1 Posisi Geotektonik............................................................... 18
2.3.2.2 Paleotopografi...................................................................... 20
2.3.2.3 Iklim..................................................................................... 21
2.3.2.4 Tumbuh-tumbuhan............................................................... 21
2.3.2.5 Pembusukan......................................................................... 22
2.3.2.6 Proses Penurunan Dasar Cekungan...................................... 22
2.3.2.7 Waktu Geologi..................................................................... 23
2.3.2.8 Sejarah Setalah Pengendapan............................................... 24
2.3.2.9 Metamorfosa Organik.......................................................... 24
2.3.3 Kualitas Batubara........................................................................ 25
2.3.3.1 Parameter Kualitas Batubara................................................ 26
2.3.3.2 Dasar Analisa Kualitas Batubara......................................... 27
2.3.3.3 Klasifikasi Kualitas Batubara menurut ASTM.................... 28
2.3.4 Perhitungan Sumberdaya Batubara(JORC, 2004)...................... 32
2.3.4.1 Klasifikasi Sumberdaya Cadangan Batubara....................... 33
2.3.4.1.1 Pengertian Sumberdaya................................................. 33
2.3.4.2 Pengertian Cadangan............................................................ 35
2.3.4.3 Kriteria dasar Metode Perhitungan Sumberdaya Batubara.. 35
vii
2.3.5 Konsep Dasar Metode Perhitungan Sumberdaya batubara......... 36
2.3.5.1 Metode Daerah Pengaruh (Area of Influence)..................... 36
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN...................................................................... 39
3.1 Objek Penelitian................................................................................. 39
3.2 Alat-alat yang Digunakan.................................................................. 39
3.3 Langkah-langkah Penelitian………………………………………... 40
3.3.1 Persiapan..................................................................................... 40
3.3.2 Pengolahan Data......................................................................... 41
3.3.3 Penulisan Laporan...................................................................... 44
3.3.4 Pemodelan dan Perhitungan Sumberdaya Batubara.................. 44
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN..................................... 47
4.1 Geologi Daerah Penelitian................................................................. 47
4.2 Karakteristik Lapisan Batubara di Muara Tebo................................. 48
4.3 Stratigrafi............................................................................................ 48
4.4 Kolerasi.............................................................................................. 49
4.5 Penyebaran Lapisan Batubara Muara Tebo....................................... 55
A. Lapisan Batubara D................................................................ 57
B. Lapisan Batubara C................................................................. 58
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C. Lapisan Batubara B................................................................. 58
D. Lapisan Batubara A1.............................................................. 58
E. lapisan Batubara A................................................................... 59
4.5 Kualitas Batubara............................................................................... 60
4.5.1 Penyebaran Kualitas Batubara Muara tebo Area.................... 60
4.5.2 Klasifikasi batubara di Muara Tebo Area................................ 64
4.6 Perhitungan Sumberdaya Batubara.................................................... 66
BAB V Kesimpulan............................................................................................. 71
Daftar Pustaka..................................................................................................... xvi
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Fisiografi Pulau Sumatera (Badan geologi, 2010)............................ 4
Gambar 2.2 hubungan antara sumberdaya dan cadangan batubara (JORC,
2004)..................................................................................................................... 34
Gambar 2.3 Teknik perhitungan sumberdaya Batubara (Joint Ore Reseve
Commite, 2004).................................................................................................... 37
Gambar 2.4a cara perhitungan sumberdaya batubara (Lapisan AU dan AL).... 38
Gambar 2.4b cara perhitungan sumberdaya batubara (Lapisan CU, CL, dan
B)........................................................................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.4c cara perhitungan sumberdaya batubara (Lapisan D)..................... 38
Gambar 3.1 Bagan Alir Penelitian...................................................................... 44
Gambar 4.1 Stratigrafi Umum Muara Tebo Area............................................... 49
Gambar 4.2A Kolerasi Umum pelamparan Seam D, Muara Tebo Area............ 51
Gambar 4.2B Kolerasi umum pelamparan Batubara lapisan D, (zoom view).... 52
Gambar 4.2C Lokasi Pengambilan Data Kolerasi Seam D............................... 52
Gambar 4.2D Kolerasi umum pelamparan Batubara lapisan CU, CL dan
B........................................................................................................................... 53
Gambar 4.2E Lokasi Pengambilan Data Kolerasi Seam CU, CL dan B............ 53
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Gambar 4.2F Kolerasi umum pelamparan Batubara Seam A1, AU dan
AL,....................................................................................................................... 54
Gambar 4.2G Lokasi pengambilan data kolerasi seam A1, A, AU, dan AL..... 55
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Kolom Stratigrafi Peta geologi, PPPG, Lembar 0914 (PPPG, 1994).. 15
Tabel 2.2 Klasifikasi Kualitas Batubara menurut ASTM................................... 32
Tabel 4.1 Skema geologi seam batubara Muara Tebo Area................................ 59
Tabel 4.2 Composite Quality Lapisan A, A1, B, C, dan D.................................. 64
Tabel 4.3 Klasifikasi Lapisan Batubara Utama Daerah Penelitian Berdasarkan
A.S.T.M................................................................................................................ 66
Tabel 4.4 Tabel Sumberdaya terukur (Measured) Batubara Muara Tebo Area.. 68
Tabel 4.5 Tabel Sumberdaya terunjuk (Indicated) Batubara Muara Tebo Area. 69
Tabel 4.6 Sumberdaya terunjuk (Indicated) Batubara Muara Tebo Area........... 70
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DAFTAR PETA
Lembar Peta 1 Peta Penyebaran Outcrop Seam A, A1, B, C, dan D
Lembar Peta 2 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 3 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 4 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam AL dan CL
Lembar Peta 5 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam AU dan CU
Lembar Peta 6 Peta Kontur Struktur Seam B
Lembar Peta 7 Peta Sebaran Titik Bor
Lembar Peta 8 Peta Isopach Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 9 Peta Isopach Seam AL dan CL
Lembar Peta 10 Peta Isopach Seam AU dan CU
Lembar Peta 11 Peta Isopach Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 12 Peta Isopach Seam B
Lembar Peta 13 Peta Calorific Value Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 14 Peta Calorific value Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 15 Peta Calorific value Seam B
Lembar Peta 16 Peta Iso Quality Ash Content Seam A dan C
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Lembar Peta 17 Peta Iso Quality Ash Content Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 18 Peta Iso Quality Ash Content Seam B
Lembar Peta 19 Peta Iso Quality Sulfur A dan C
Lembar Peta 20 Peta Iso Quality Sulfur A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 21 Peta Iso Quality Sulfur Seam B
Lembar Peta 22 Peta Iso Quality Total Moisture Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 23 Peta Iso Quality Total Moisture Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 24 Peta Iso Quality Total Moisture Seam B
Lembar Peta 25 Peta Resource Polygon Seam A dan C
Lembar Peta 26 Peta Resource Polygon Seam A1 dan D
Lembar Peta 27 Peta Resource Seam B
Lembar Peta 28 Fence Diagram
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