ANALPR Analysis Of The Factors That Affect The Productivity Of Rattan Furniture Craftsmen In The Village Trangsan Kartasura District Sukoharjo Regency.
ANAL
LISIS FA
AKTOR-F
FAKTOR
R YANG MEMPEN
M
NGARUH
HI
PR
RODUKT
TIVITAS PENGRA
AJIN ME
EUBEL R
ROTAN
DI DESA
A TRANG
GSAN KE
ECAMAT
TAN GAT
TAK
KABUP
PATEN SU
UKOHAR
RJO
TESIIS
Diajukan Kepada
K
Prograam Studi Maagister Mannajemen Un
niversitas Muhammadiyyah Surakarrta
Untuk Memenuhi
M
S
Salah
Satu Syarat
S
Gunaa Memperoleh
Gelarr Magister Manajemen
M
n
Disusun Oleh:
O
SUWAR
RTO
P 100020
0022
PROG
GRAM PASCASA
ARJANA MAGIST
M
TER MAN
NAJEMEN
U
UNIVERS
ITAS MU
UHAMMA
ADIYAH
H SURAK
KARTA
2015
5
i
ii
iii
iv
ABSTRACT
This research is about salary and work experience influences concerning
productivity of rattan furniture craftspeople in Trangsan village, Gatak sub district
Sukoharjo district has been was worked by 62 of 70 craftspeople.
This is research as regard problems in the salary and work experience and
their productivity of producing furniture. From the analyze data that was carried
on showed that instrument validity test on variable that as salary (X1) and work
experience (X2) concerning limited variable that as craftspeople productivity (Y)
in Trangsan village of Sukoharjo has showed valid value where were each salary,
experience and productivity variables rcount > rtable or rcount > 0,250, whereas
reliability test on variables of salary, work experience and productivity showed
reliable value where were crombach’s alpha salary 0,767) work experience
(0,782) and work productivity (0,721) each > the value of critical (0,70) whereas
the resulof classical assumption test for each variables, showed that all of
variables was qualified test, consists of multi co-linearity, autocorrelation, heteroskedasitas and normality. For analyze of bifilar linier regression, after known the
constant number (a) and regression coefficient each variable (b1 and b2), so the
regression equation as Y = 5,280 + 0,336 X1 + 0,366 X2. From this analyze, so the
variable that influence dominant concerning craftspeople productivity in Tragan
village of Sukoharjo is work experience (X2) because the value of regression
coefficient is biggest as 0,366.
Significant of salary influence (X1) concerning craftspeople productivity in
Tragan village of Sukoharjo has obtained probability value as many 0,003 < 0,05
so Ho was refused that mean there were significant of salary (X1) concerning
craftspeople productivity (Y) in Trangsan village of Sukoharjo. Whereas
significant test of experience work (X2) concerning craftspeople productivity the
probability as many 0,000 < 0,05 so Ho was refused that mean there were
significant influence of work experience (X2) in Tragan village of Sukoharjo. For
the model constant test was obtained probability value as many 0,000 < 0,05 so Ho
was refused that mean the model was used to test the free variable influence as
salary (X2) concerning craftspeople productivity limited variable that as
craftspeople productivity (Y) in Trangsan village of sukoharjo was correct.
The result of determination coefficient was obtained Adjusted R Square
value = 0,594 that mean known influence was given by free variable that as salary
(X1) and wor experience (X2) concerning limited variable that as craftspeople
productivity in Trangsan village of Sukoharjo 59,4% and the other else (100%59,4%=40,0% influenced by the else factors example discipline, safety, security
and the other else.
Keyword: productivity, wage, experience, creativity, safety and discipline.
v
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menentukan pengaruh upah dan pengalaman kerja terhadap
produktivitas pengrajin mebel rotan di Desa Trangsan Kecamatan Gatak
Kabupaten Sukoharjo bersampel 62 responden dengan teknik sampel random
sampling dari populasi 170 pengrajin mebel. Dari instrumen penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa variabel upah (X1), pengalaman kerja (X2) dan produktivitas
kerja pengrajin (Y) masing-masing lolos uji valid karena R hitung > R tabel atau
R hitung > 0,250. Sedangkan aspek reliabilitas variabel upah (X1) crombach
alfanya 0,767, pengalaman kerja (X2) crombach alfa 0,782, dan produktivitas
pengrajin crombach alfanya 0,721 sebab masing-masing > nilai kritis 0,70. Untuk
uji asumsi klasik pada masing-masing variabel lolos uji multikolinieritas,
autokorelasi, hiterokedastisitas dan uji normalitas. Sebagai hasil dari analisis
regresi linier berganda yaitu Y = 5,280 + 0,336 X1 + 0,366 X2 dimana pengaruh
pengalaman kerja dominan karena koefisien regresinya terbesar yaitu 0,366.
Dari uji hipotesis atas pengaruh upah (X1) terhadpa produktivitas pengrajin nilai
probabilitasnya 0,003 < 0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak artinya ada pengaruh yang
signifikan upah terhadap produktivitas pengrajin begitu pula ada pengaruh yang
signifikan pengalaman kerja (X2) karena nilai probabilitasnya 0,000 < 0,05.
Sedangkan hasil dari koefisien determinan pada adjusted R square = 0,594 artinya
pengaruh variabel upah (X1) dan pengalaman kerja (X2) terhadap produktivitas
pengrajin (Y) sebesar 59,4% sedangkan sisanya 40,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor
lain misalnya faktor disiplin, keselamatan, dan keamanan.
Kata kunci : produktivitas, upah, pengalaman, kreativitas, keselamatan dan
disiplin.
vi
MOTTO
“Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan, maka apabila kamu telah selesai
(dari suatu urusan), kerjakanlah dengan sungguh-sungguh (urusan) yang lain dan
hanya kepada Tuhan-mulah hendaknya kamu berharap”
(QS. Al Insyiroh, ayat 6-8)
Untuk mendapatkan kesuksesan hanya dapat diperoleh dengan kerja keras dan
pantang berputus asa
(Ali Bin Abi Tholib)
vii
PERSEMBAHAN
Tesis ini kupersembahkan kepada:
1. Bapak dan Ibuku yang selalu menjadi
suluh hidupku (In Memoriam)
2. Istriku dan anak-anakku yang selalu
memberikan dukungan
3. Almamaterku Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
1. Kuesioner
2. Hasil Olah Data
ix
x
xi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................
i
NOTA PEMBIMBING ..................................................................................
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN............................................................................... .iii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TESIS ..............................................................
iv
HALAMAN MOTTO .....................................................................................
v
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................
vi
KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................
x
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN.........................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ..........................................................
1
B. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................
12
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................
13
D. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................
13
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................................................
14
A. Landasan Teori ........................................................................
14
1. Produktivitas .....................................................................
14
2. Konsep dan Pengukuran Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja .......
16
BAB II
3. Faktor-faktor
yang
Mempengaruhi
Peningkatan
Produktivitas .....................................................................
18
4. Upah ..................................................................................
19
xii
BAB III
BAB IV
5. Pengalaman Kerja .............................................................
22
B. Konsep Learning Curve ..........................................................
25
1. Pengertian Konsep Learning Curve ..................................
25
2. Tujuan dan Fungsi Konsep Learning Curve .....................
27
3. Pendekatan dalam Learning Curve ...................................
27
C. Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu ......................................................
31
D. Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................
33
E. Hipotesis ..................................................................................
33
METODE PENELITIAN ..............................................................
34
A. Objek Penelitian ......................................................................
34
B. Populasi dan Prosedur Penentuan Sampel ..............................
34
C. Identifikasi Variabel Penelitian ...............................................
35
D. Definisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian ................................
36
E. Pengukuran Variabel ...............................................................
37
F. Metode Pengumpulan Data .....................................................
38
G. Teknik Analisis Data ...............................................................
40
HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................
48
A. Karakteristik Responden .........................................................
48
B. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ..................................................
49
C. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda ...........................................
52
D. Uji Hipotesis............................................................................
53
E. Uji Asumsi Klasik ...................................................................
57
F. Pembahasan ............................................................................
60
xiii
BAB V
PENUTUP
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................
61
B. Keterbatasan Penelitian ...........................................................
63
C. Saran ........................................................................................
63
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia ...............................
48
Tabel 4.2
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan .....................
49
Tabel 4.3
Validitas Item Variabel Upah .....................................................
50
Tabel 4.4
Validitas Item Variabel Pengalaman Kerja ................................
50
Tabel 4.5
Validitas Item Variabel Produktivitas Pengrajin ........................
51
Tabel 4.6
Hasil Uji reliabilitas ....................................................................
51
Tabel 4.7
Hasil Pengujian Regresi Linier Berganda ...................................
52
Tabel 4.8
Hasil Uji Multikolinieritas ..........................................................
54
Tabel 4.9
Hasil Uji Heteroskedastisitas ......................................................
55
Tabel 4.10
Hasil Uji Normalitas ...................................................................
56
Tabel 4.11
Hasil Analisis Uji t ......................................................................
58
Tabel 4.12
Hasil Analisis Uji F.....................................................................
60
Tabel 4.13
Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi .................................................
60
xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Experience Curve Individual ....................................................
26
Gambar 2.2 Pendekatan terhadap Waktu Rata-rata Kumulatif ....................
28
Gambar 2.3 Pendekatan terhadap Waktu Rata-rata Kumulatif Dalam Skala
Logaritmis ................................................................................
29
Gambar 2.4 Pendekatan terhadap Waktu Total Kumulatif .........................
29
Gambar 2.5 Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................
32
xvi
LISIS FA
AKTOR-F
FAKTOR
R YANG MEMPEN
M
NGARUH
HI
PR
RODUKT
TIVITAS PENGRA
AJIN ME
EUBEL R
ROTAN
DI DESA
A TRANG
GSAN KE
ECAMAT
TAN GAT
TAK
KABUP
PATEN SU
UKOHAR
RJO
TESIIS
Diajukan Kepada
K
Prograam Studi Maagister Mannajemen Un
niversitas Muhammadiyyah Surakarrta
Untuk Memenuhi
M
S
Salah
Satu Syarat
S
Gunaa Memperoleh
Gelarr Magister Manajemen
M
n
Disusun Oleh:
O
SUWAR
RTO
P 100020
0022
PROG
GRAM PASCASA
ARJANA MAGIST
M
TER MAN
NAJEMEN
U
UNIVERS
ITAS MU
UHAMMA
ADIYAH
H SURAK
KARTA
2015
5
i
ii
iii
iv
ABSTRACT
This research is about salary and work experience influences concerning
productivity of rattan furniture craftspeople in Trangsan village, Gatak sub district
Sukoharjo district has been was worked by 62 of 70 craftspeople.
This is research as regard problems in the salary and work experience and
their productivity of producing furniture. From the analyze data that was carried
on showed that instrument validity test on variable that as salary (X1) and work
experience (X2) concerning limited variable that as craftspeople productivity (Y)
in Trangsan village of Sukoharjo has showed valid value where were each salary,
experience and productivity variables rcount > rtable or rcount > 0,250, whereas
reliability test on variables of salary, work experience and productivity showed
reliable value where were crombach’s alpha salary 0,767) work experience
(0,782) and work productivity (0,721) each > the value of critical (0,70) whereas
the resulof classical assumption test for each variables, showed that all of
variables was qualified test, consists of multi co-linearity, autocorrelation, heteroskedasitas and normality. For analyze of bifilar linier regression, after known the
constant number (a) and regression coefficient each variable (b1 and b2), so the
regression equation as Y = 5,280 + 0,336 X1 + 0,366 X2. From this analyze, so the
variable that influence dominant concerning craftspeople productivity in Tragan
village of Sukoharjo is work experience (X2) because the value of regression
coefficient is biggest as 0,366.
Significant of salary influence (X1) concerning craftspeople productivity in
Tragan village of Sukoharjo has obtained probability value as many 0,003 < 0,05
so Ho was refused that mean there were significant of salary (X1) concerning
craftspeople productivity (Y) in Trangsan village of Sukoharjo. Whereas
significant test of experience work (X2) concerning craftspeople productivity the
probability as many 0,000 < 0,05 so Ho was refused that mean there were
significant influence of work experience (X2) in Tragan village of Sukoharjo. For
the model constant test was obtained probability value as many 0,000 < 0,05 so Ho
was refused that mean the model was used to test the free variable influence as
salary (X2) concerning craftspeople productivity limited variable that as
craftspeople productivity (Y) in Trangsan village of sukoharjo was correct.
The result of determination coefficient was obtained Adjusted R Square
value = 0,594 that mean known influence was given by free variable that as salary
(X1) and wor experience (X2) concerning limited variable that as craftspeople
productivity in Trangsan village of Sukoharjo 59,4% and the other else (100%59,4%=40,0% influenced by the else factors example discipline, safety, security
and the other else.
Keyword: productivity, wage, experience, creativity, safety and discipline.
v
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menentukan pengaruh upah dan pengalaman kerja terhadap
produktivitas pengrajin mebel rotan di Desa Trangsan Kecamatan Gatak
Kabupaten Sukoharjo bersampel 62 responden dengan teknik sampel random
sampling dari populasi 170 pengrajin mebel. Dari instrumen penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa variabel upah (X1), pengalaman kerja (X2) dan produktivitas
kerja pengrajin (Y) masing-masing lolos uji valid karena R hitung > R tabel atau
R hitung > 0,250. Sedangkan aspek reliabilitas variabel upah (X1) crombach
alfanya 0,767, pengalaman kerja (X2) crombach alfa 0,782, dan produktivitas
pengrajin crombach alfanya 0,721 sebab masing-masing > nilai kritis 0,70. Untuk
uji asumsi klasik pada masing-masing variabel lolos uji multikolinieritas,
autokorelasi, hiterokedastisitas dan uji normalitas. Sebagai hasil dari analisis
regresi linier berganda yaitu Y = 5,280 + 0,336 X1 + 0,366 X2 dimana pengaruh
pengalaman kerja dominan karena koefisien regresinya terbesar yaitu 0,366.
Dari uji hipotesis atas pengaruh upah (X1) terhadpa produktivitas pengrajin nilai
probabilitasnya 0,003 < 0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak artinya ada pengaruh yang
signifikan upah terhadap produktivitas pengrajin begitu pula ada pengaruh yang
signifikan pengalaman kerja (X2) karena nilai probabilitasnya 0,000 < 0,05.
Sedangkan hasil dari koefisien determinan pada adjusted R square = 0,594 artinya
pengaruh variabel upah (X1) dan pengalaman kerja (X2) terhadap produktivitas
pengrajin (Y) sebesar 59,4% sedangkan sisanya 40,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor
lain misalnya faktor disiplin, keselamatan, dan keamanan.
Kata kunci : produktivitas, upah, pengalaman, kreativitas, keselamatan dan
disiplin.
vi
MOTTO
“Sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan, maka apabila kamu telah selesai
(dari suatu urusan), kerjakanlah dengan sungguh-sungguh (urusan) yang lain dan
hanya kepada Tuhan-mulah hendaknya kamu berharap”
(QS. Al Insyiroh, ayat 6-8)
Untuk mendapatkan kesuksesan hanya dapat diperoleh dengan kerja keras dan
pantang berputus asa
(Ali Bin Abi Tholib)
vii
PERSEMBAHAN
Tesis ini kupersembahkan kepada:
1. Bapak dan Ibuku yang selalu menjadi
suluh hidupku (In Memoriam)
2. Istriku dan anak-anakku yang selalu
memberikan dukungan
3. Almamaterku Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta
viii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
1. Kuesioner
2. Hasil Olah Data
ix
x
xi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................
i
NOTA PEMBIMBING ..................................................................................
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN............................................................................... .iii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TESIS ..............................................................
iv
HALAMAN MOTTO .....................................................................................
v
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................
vi
KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................
vii
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................
x
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN.........................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ..........................................................
1
B. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................
12
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................
13
D. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................
13
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................................................
14
A. Landasan Teori ........................................................................
14
1. Produktivitas .....................................................................
14
2. Konsep dan Pengukuran Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja .......
16
BAB II
3. Faktor-faktor
yang
Mempengaruhi
Peningkatan
Produktivitas .....................................................................
18
4. Upah ..................................................................................
19
xii
BAB III
BAB IV
5. Pengalaman Kerja .............................................................
22
B. Konsep Learning Curve ..........................................................
25
1. Pengertian Konsep Learning Curve ..................................
25
2. Tujuan dan Fungsi Konsep Learning Curve .....................
27
3. Pendekatan dalam Learning Curve ...................................
27
C. Hasil Penelitian Terdahulu ......................................................
31
D. Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................
33
E. Hipotesis ..................................................................................
33
METODE PENELITIAN ..............................................................
34
A. Objek Penelitian ......................................................................
34
B. Populasi dan Prosedur Penentuan Sampel ..............................
34
C. Identifikasi Variabel Penelitian ...............................................
35
D. Definisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian ................................
36
E. Pengukuran Variabel ...............................................................
37
F. Metode Pengumpulan Data .....................................................
38
G. Teknik Analisis Data ...............................................................
40
HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................
48
A. Karakteristik Responden .........................................................
48
B. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ..................................................
49
C. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda ...........................................
52
D. Uji Hipotesis............................................................................
53
E. Uji Asumsi Klasik ...................................................................
57
F. Pembahasan ............................................................................
60
xiii
BAB V
PENUTUP
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................
61
B. Keterbatasan Penelitian ...........................................................
63
C. Saran ........................................................................................
63
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia ...............................
48
Tabel 4.2
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan .....................
49
Tabel 4.3
Validitas Item Variabel Upah .....................................................
50
Tabel 4.4
Validitas Item Variabel Pengalaman Kerja ................................
50
Tabel 4.5
Validitas Item Variabel Produktivitas Pengrajin ........................
51
Tabel 4.6
Hasil Uji reliabilitas ....................................................................
51
Tabel 4.7
Hasil Pengujian Regresi Linier Berganda ...................................
52
Tabel 4.8
Hasil Uji Multikolinieritas ..........................................................
54
Tabel 4.9
Hasil Uji Heteroskedastisitas ......................................................
55
Tabel 4.10
Hasil Uji Normalitas ...................................................................
56
Tabel 4.11
Hasil Analisis Uji t ......................................................................
58
Tabel 4.12
Hasil Analisis Uji F.....................................................................
60
Tabel 4.13
Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi .................................................
60
xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Experience Curve Individual ....................................................
26
Gambar 2.2 Pendekatan terhadap Waktu Rata-rata Kumulatif ....................
28
Gambar 2.3 Pendekatan terhadap Waktu Rata-rata Kumulatif Dalam Skala
Logaritmis ................................................................................
29
Gambar 2.4 Pendekatan terhadap Waktu Total Kumulatif .........................
29
Gambar 2.5 Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................
32
xvi