Optimistic Life Reflected In the Style of Ernest Hemingway’s Optimistic Life Reflected In the Style of ErnestHemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea.
Optimistic Life Reflected In the Style of Ernest
Hemingway’s
The Old Man and the Sea
THESIS
Submitted to
Postgraduate Program of Language Study
of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting
Magister Degree of Language Study of English
Written by:
HERLIN SUSWATI SETYANINGSIH
NIM. S. 200. 120. 027
POST-GRADUATE PROGRAM of LANGUAGE STUDY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY of SURAKARTA
2015
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praises and thanks are Allah’s, the one and the only one lord in the
universe. His uncountable graces, faiths, and helps always stand behind the writer,
show her the right way, and carry out to the final step of her thesis writing.
God’s mercies and blessings may always be poured down upon our
beloved prophet Muhammad SAW, the greatest figure in the world, who shares
inspiration, spirit, and power to be a good man here and here after.
This thesis writing which is intended to fulfill the requirement of Master
degree at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta would not have been
completed without some contributions and supports from many people.
Thus, The writer wants to express her deepest gratitude to her wise
advisors, Dr. M. Thoyibi MA and Dr. Phil Dewi Chandraningrum, P.hD who have
given their valuable guidance, inspiration, and patience, which finally lead her to
finish the process of thesis writing. The writer also wants to express her sincerely
thanks to:
1. The Rector of the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, who has given
the hidden spirit and motivation to develop academicals competence as well
as Islamic studies.
2. The Dean of Postgraduate Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
for the cooperativeness so that the writer could finally finish taking all
lectures in English Language Studies Department.
vii
3. The Head of the Postgraduate Program of Language Studies of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, and all lecturers of English
department, for every valuable knowledge, opportunity, and experience given
to her so far.
4. All the writer’s lecturers in English Department and also all of the lecturers in
the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who give her valuable knowledge
and experience, so the writer is able to get the Degree of Master.
5. The writer’s School Head Master for his permission to let her study in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
6. The writer’s beloved mother, brother, sister, and children who always giving
her endless love and care, eternal pray, and guidance.
7. The writer’s friends of the same class of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta for their motivation.
8. The writer’s friends teachers of SMAN 2 Mejayan for their support and helps.
9. Everyone who helps the writer to finish this thesis.
Finally the researcher hopes that this thesis will be useful for her, the
readers who are interested to read it and everyone who needs it. The constructive
criticism and also the suggestions are expected from the readers.
Surakarta, August 2015
The researcher
viii
ABSTRACT
Optimistic Life Reflected In the Style of Hemingway’s The Old Man
and the Sea.
Herlin Suswati Setyaningsih
Post Graduate Program of Language Study
of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
dindaherlin@gmail.com
This study aims at explaining the symbols used in the novel and describing the
values of optimistic life reflected in the symbols used in Hemingway’s The Old
Man and the Sea.
This research is classified as a descriptive qualitative method. The primary
data source of this study is the novel The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest
Hemingway. The collecting data process is note-taking technique. This study is
also categorized as library research.
Based on the findings and discussion, the researcher draws the conclusions
such follows. First, it is found that there are eleven symbols used in this novel,
they are classified into Universal symbol which is considered as a symbol whose
meaning is long agreed by community because of their experience of this. The
selected symbols taken from the novel that the researcher considers as Universal
symbol are sea as a symbol of universe, sun as a symbol of happiness, night as a
symbol of suffering and lion as a symbol of strength. The second catagory is
Individual symbol. The symbol which is categorized as individual symbol is a
symbol which is originally created by authors for the moment of work so
interpretating it requires greater attention to context, for their meaning comes
almost entirely from context. In the novel The Old Man and the Sea the symbols
which the researcher considers as individual symbols are the old man as a symbol
of someone who has optimistic life, Manolin (the boy) as a symbol of hope, Joe Di
Maggio as a symbol of strong desire, harpoon as a symbol of skill, bird as a
symbol of help, marlin (great fish) as a symbol of struggle and shark as a symbol
of destructor or problem. Second, There are six elements or values which
characterize someone as the one who has optimistic life and these ones are
reflected in the symbols used in this novel. They are the values of hope, faith,
power, struggle, positive thinking and respect. Second, Those symbols reflect the
values of optimistic life which is to be the theme of the novel.
Key Words: optimistic life, symbol
ix
MOTTO
Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of
value.
(Albert Einstein)
When one door of happiness closes, another opens, but often we look
so long at the closed door that we do not see the one that has been
opened for us.
(Helen Keller)
x
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved mother
My beloved late father
Erlangga Andi Mustofa, my beloved son
Viki Anggarsari Mustofa, my beloved daughter
You are my light, motivator and reason to keep me alive
Love you forever
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ...................................................................................................................i
APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................................................ ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 1st ..................................................................................... iii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 2nd .....................................................................................iv
THESIS LEGITIMATION SHEET ....................................................................... v
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHENTICITY .........................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................ix
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. x
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................xi
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study ................................................................. 1
B. Problems of Study...................................................................... 5
C. Objectives of Study.................................................................... 5
D. Benefit of Study ......................................................................... 6
E. Scope and Limitation of Study................................................... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Symbol ....................................................................................... 9
1. Notion .................................................................................. 12
2. Classification ....................................................................... 14
B. Novel........................................................................................ 17
1. Elements of Novel ............................................................... 18
1.a. Theme ............................................................................... 18
C. The Concept of Optimistic Life ............................................... 20
1. Notion .................................................................................. 23
2. Characteristic of Optimistic Life ......................................... 25
D. Previous Studies. ..................................................................... 34
E. Definition of Key Terms .......................................................... 42
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Study .......................................................................... 44
B. Object of Study ........................................................................ 45
C. Data and Data Source .............................................................. 45
D. Technique of Data Collection .................................................. 47
E. Technique of Data Analysis ..................................................... 48
CHAPTER IV SYMBOLS USED IN THE NOVEL
A. Universal Symbol ..................................................................... 49
B. Individual Symbol .................................................................... 58
C. Discussion ................................................................................ 75
CHAPTER V SYMBOLS REFLECTING OPTIMISTIC LIFE
A. Characteristic of Optimistic Life .............................................. 78
B. Discussion .............................................................................. 119
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
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A. Conclusion.............................................................................. 123
B. Suggestion ......................................................................... 125
C.Pedagogical Implication ..................................................... 125
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 127
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Hemingway’s
The Old Man and the Sea
THESIS
Submitted to
Postgraduate Program of Language Study
of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting
Magister Degree of Language Study of English
Written by:
HERLIN SUSWATI SETYANINGSIH
NIM. S. 200. 120. 027
POST-GRADUATE PROGRAM of LANGUAGE STUDY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY of SURAKARTA
2015
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praises and thanks are Allah’s, the one and the only one lord in the
universe. His uncountable graces, faiths, and helps always stand behind the writer,
show her the right way, and carry out to the final step of her thesis writing.
God’s mercies and blessings may always be poured down upon our
beloved prophet Muhammad SAW, the greatest figure in the world, who shares
inspiration, spirit, and power to be a good man here and here after.
This thesis writing which is intended to fulfill the requirement of Master
degree at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta would not have been
completed without some contributions and supports from many people.
Thus, The writer wants to express her deepest gratitude to her wise
advisors, Dr. M. Thoyibi MA and Dr. Phil Dewi Chandraningrum, P.hD who have
given their valuable guidance, inspiration, and patience, which finally lead her to
finish the process of thesis writing. The writer also wants to express her sincerely
thanks to:
1. The Rector of the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, who has given
the hidden spirit and motivation to develop academicals competence as well
as Islamic studies.
2. The Dean of Postgraduate Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
for the cooperativeness so that the writer could finally finish taking all
lectures in English Language Studies Department.
vii
3. The Head of the Postgraduate Program of Language Studies of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, and all lecturers of English
department, for every valuable knowledge, opportunity, and experience given
to her so far.
4. All the writer’s lecturers in English Department and also all of the lecturers in
the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who give her valuable knowledge
and experience, so the writer is able to get the Degree of Master.
5. The writer’s School Head Master for his permission to let her study in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
6. The writer’s beloved mother, brother, sister, and children who always giving
her endless love and care, eternal pray, and guidance.
7. The writer’s friends of the same class of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta for their motivation.
8. The writer’s friends teachers of SMAN 2 Mejayan for their support and helps.
9. Everyone who helps the writer to finish this thesis.
Finally the researcher hopes that this thesis will be useful for her, the
readers who are interested to read it and everyone who needs it. The constructive
criticism and also the suggestions are expected from the readers.
Surakarta, August 2015
The researcher
viii
ABSTRACT
Optimistic Life Reflected In the Style of Hemingway’s The Old Man
and the Sea.
Herlin Suswati Setyaningsih
Post Graduate Program of Language Study
of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
dindaherlin@gmail.com
This study aims at explaining the symbols used in the novel and describing the
values of optimistic life reflected in the symbols used in Hemingway’s The Old
Man and the Sea.
This research is classified as a descriptive qualitative method. The primary
data source of this study is the novel The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest
Hemingway. The collecting data process is note-taking technique. This study is
also categorized as library research.
Based on the findings and discussion, the researcher draws the conclusions
such follows. First, it is found that there are eleven symbols used in this novel,
they are classified into Universal symbol which is considered as a symbol whose
meaning is long agreed by community because of their experience of this. The
selected symbols taken from the novel that the researcher considers as Universal
symbol are sea as a symbol of universe, sun as a symbol of happiness, night as a
symbol of suffering and lion as a symbol of strength. The second catagory is
Individual symbol. The symbol which is categorized as individual symbol is a
symbol which is originally created by authors for the moment of work so
interpretating it requires greater attention to context, for their meaning comes
almost entirely from context. In the novel The Old Man and the Sea the symbols
which the researcher considers as individual symbols are the old man as a symbol
of someone who has optimistic life, Manolin (the boy) as a symbol of hope, Joe Di
Maggio as a symbol of strong desire, harpoon as a symbol of skill, bird as a
symbol of help, marlin (great fish) as a symbol of struggle and shark as a symbol
of destructor or problem. Second, There are six elements or values which
characterize someone as the one who has optimistic life and these ones are
reflected in the symbols used in this novel. They are the values of hope, faith,
power, struggle, positive thinking and respect. Second, Those symbols reflect the
values of optimistic life which is to be the theme of the novel.
Key Words: optimistic life, symbol
ix
MOTTO
Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of
value.
(Albert Einstein)
When one door of happiness closes, another opens, but often we look
so long at the closed door that we do not see the one that has been
opened for us.
(Helen Keller)
x
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved mother
My beloved late father
Erlangga Andi Mustofa, my beloved son
Viki Anggarsari Mustofa, my beloved daughter
You are my light, motivator and reason to keep me alive
Love you forever
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ...................................................................................................................i
APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................................................ ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 1st ..................................................................................... iii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 2nd .....................................................................................iv
THESIS LEGITIMATION SHEET ....................................................................... v
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHENTICITY .........................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................ix
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. x
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................xi
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study ................................................................. 1
B. Problems of Study...................................................................... 5
C. Objectives of Study.................................................................... 5
D. Benefit of Study ......................................................................... 6
E. Scope and Limitation of Study................................................... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Symbol ....................................................................................... 9
1. Notion .................................................................................. 12
2. Classification ....................................................................... 14
B. Novel........................................................................................ 17
1. Elements of Novel ............................................................... 18
1.a. Theme ............................................................................... 18
C. The Concept of Optimistic Life ............................................... 20
1. Notion .................................................................................. 23
2. Characteristic of Optimistic Life ......................................... 25
D. Previous Studies. ..................................................................... 34
E. Definition of Key Terms .......................................................... 42
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Study .......................................................................... 44
B. Object of Study ........................................................................ 45
C. Data and Data Source .............................................................. 45
D. Technique of Data Collection .................................................. 47
E. Technique of Data Analysis ..................................................... 48
CHAPTER IV SYMBOLS USED IN THE NOVEL
A. Universal Symbol ..................................................................... 49
B. Individual Symbol .................................................................... 58
C. Discussion ................................................................................ 75
CHAPTER V SYMBOLS REFLECTING OPTIMISTIC LIFE
A. Characteristic of Optimistic Life .............................................. 78
B. Discussion .............................................................................. 119
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
xii
A. Conclusion.............................................................................. 123
B. Suggestion ......................................................................... 125
C.Pedagogical Implication ..................................................... 125
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................. 127
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