CONFLICTS OF INTEREST BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM Conflict of Interest Between The Family and The State In Sophocles' Antigone (1912) : Psychoanalytic Criticism.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE
IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
By
NUNUNG SOLIAH
A320070328
SCHOOL OF TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
i
APPROVAL
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN
SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
by
NUNUNG SOLIAH
A 320 070 328
Aprroved to be Examined by
Consultant I
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S
Consultant II
Anam Sutopo, S.Pd, M.Hum
TESTIMONY
I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is
no other work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I
am concerned there is opinion that has been written or published before, except
the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
If any incorrectness is proved in the future dealing with my statement
above, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, November
2011
The writer
NUNUNG SOLIAH
NIM : A 320 070 328
ii
M OTTO
When there is a difficulty, there must be a way to finish it (QS. Al -I nsyirah: 6-7) whether you think
you can or you can’t, either way you are right (Henry Ford)
Take the first step in faith. You don’t have to see the whole staircase,
Just take the first step (D. Justin Raf les K ing Jr)
L ife is choice which is control of all its consequence (The writer)
The masterpiece is not assessed from its result but its process (The Writer)
iii
DEDICATION
From my deep heart and great love, this research paper
is dedicated to:
?
?
?
?
?
The greatest ones Allah SWT and the Prophet
Muhammad SAW
My greatest parents for everything
My beloved the brother and sister
My half of me, my husband to be
All my friends my families
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. Praise and gratitude only to Allah SWT, the
glorious, the Lord and all mighty, the merciful and the compassionate, who has
given bless and opportunity for the researcher to finish writing the paper entitled
Conflicts of Interest between the Family and the State: Psychoanalytic
Perspective. Greatings and invocation are presented to the prophet Muhammad
SAW, who has guided mankid to the right path blessed by the Lord.
The researcher realizes it is imposible to finish to finish writing the
researcher without any help, support, encouragement, and advice from others.
This is because of her limitation. Therefore, the researcher would like to express
her deepest appreciation and gratitude to persons who have given contribution to
her to finish the paper, among others are:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si. the dean of school of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who has given the
legalization towards her research paper.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.Si., as the Head of English Department and advised
patiently during the arrangement of this research paper from the very
beginning up to the completion of the reserach paper
v
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S., the researcher’s first consultant and the inspiring
person for giving his great help, advice, guidance, so that the researcher is
motivated and courageous to finish the research paper.
4. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the second consultant for his great
helpful guidance of this research paper, and as the academic consultant for
having guidance and help indirectly during the researcher’s study in this
university
5. All of English Department’s lectures in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta
6. Ibu and Bapak, the reseracher’s parents for their eternal blood, prays and
tears for her. She cannot repay those all, hopefully, Allah repays those they
have given and she will try to make them proud of her.
7. Her sister and younger brother, Mbak.Roro and Lutvi, for the love and
joke.
8. Diyah, Titik, Elisa, Tutay, Anjar, Mbak.Vita, Mbak.Utik, Mbak.Damay,
Mas Jack, Mas Tofik, Owol, Nisa, Pak dhe, Kocep, Maul who always give
her and his help, for relationship, friendship and love
9. Her English Department’s friends in 2007 class J academic year who
always give her and his help, support and struggle together to finish the
research paper
10. THE JACK team, for the laugh, share, and other beautiful moments
11. Her friends in Griya Kusuma and Wisma Asri Family
12. Her friend, R 5156 H, for the strugle
vi
13. Her big honey, Hermin for giving the warm when the rain falls
14. All her friends for sharing in the same struggle in writing research paper at
the direction for Mr. Thoyibi, and
15. All of people that cannot be mentioned one by one, for being part of the
researcher’s life
The writer considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestions and criticisms are welcome and accepted. She wishes that
this research paper would be valuable for the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Surakarta,
November 2011
The writer
Nunung Soliah
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE..................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY........................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ....................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................viii
SUMMARY
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study.................................................................. 1
B. Literary Review ................................................................................ 5
C. Problem Statement ........................................................................... 6
D. Limitation of the Study .................................................................... 6
E. Benefit of the Study.......................................................................... 6
F. Objective of the Study...................................................................... 6
G. Research Methodology..................................................................... 7
H. Research Paper Organization ........................................................... 8
viii
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THORY .............................................................. 10
A. Notion of Psychoana lytic ................................................................. 11
B. Theory of Personality ....................................................................... 12
C. Structural Element of Drama ............................................................ 15
D. Theoretical Application.................................................................... 22
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS....................................................... 24
A. Structural Elements of Antigone ...................................................... 24
1. Character and Characterization .................................................. 24
2. Plot ............................................................................................. 35
3. Setting......................................................................................... 36
4. Set Dressing and properties ........................................................ 37
5. Costume and make up ................................................................ 37
6. Theme ......................................................................................... 38
B. Discussion ........................................................................................ 39
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ............................................ 43
A. Structure of Antigones’ Personality ................................................. 43
B. Conflicts of interest .......................................................................... 48
C. Discussion of Analysis ..................................................................... 54
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION....................................... .. 56
A. Conclusion........................................................................................ 56
B. Suggestion........................................................................................ 57
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
ix
ABSTRACT
Nunung Soliah. A 320 070 328. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST BETWEEN
THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912):
PSYCHOANALYTIC
CRITICISM.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2011
This study aims to explore the conflicts of interest between the family and the
state in Sophocles’s Antigone. The objective of the research is to analyze the
drama based on its structural elements and to analyze the poetry based on
psychanalytic criticism.
The researcher employs a qualitative method. In this method, the researcher uses
two data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data
source is the drama script. The secondary data sources are reference and material
related to the study. The method of data collection is library research and the
technique of data collection is descriptive technique.
The study shows the following conclusions. First, based on the structural analysis,
it is clear that in this drama, Sophocles wants to deliver a message that sometimes
a conflict is hard to solve. Second, based on the psychoanalytic analysis, it is
evident that Sophocles reflects a psychological phenomenon, namely the conflict
of id, ego and superego.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S
Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum
Dean
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.S
x
IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
By
NUNUNG SOLIAH
A320070328
SCHOOL OF TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2011
i
APPROVAL
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN
SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912): PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
by
NUNUNG SOLIAH
A 320 070 328
Aprroved to be Examined by
Consultant I
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S
Consultant II
Anam Sutopo, S.Pd, M.Hum
TESTIMONY
I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is
no other work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I
am concerned there is opinion that has been written or published before, except
the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
If any incorrectness is proved in the future dealing with my statement
above, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, November
2011
The writer
NUNUNG SOLIAH
NIM : A 320 070 328
ii
M OTTO
When there is a difficulty, there must be a way to finish it (QS. Al -I nsyirah: 6-7) whether you think
you can or you can’t, either way you are right (Henry Ford)
Take the first step in faith. You don’t have to see the whole staircase,
Just take the first step (D. Justin Raf les K ing Jr)
L ife is choice which is control of all its consequence (The writer)
The masterpiece is not assessed from its result but its process (The Writer)
iii
DEDICATION
From my deep heart and great love, this research paper
is dedicated to:
?
?
?
?
?
The greatest ones Allah SWT and the Prophet
Muhammad SAW
My greatest parents for everything
My beloved the brother and sister
My half of me, my husband to be
All my friends my families
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. Praise and gratitude only to Allah SWT, the
glorious, the Lord and all mighty, the merciful and the compassionate, who has
given bless and opportunity for the researcher to finish writing the paper entitled
Conflicts of Interest between the Family and the State: Psychoanalytic
Perspective. Greatings and invocation are presented to the prophet Muhammad
SAW, who has guided mankid to the right path blessed by the Lord.
The researcher realizes it is imposible to finish to finish writing the
researcher without any help, support, encouragement, and advice from others.
This is because of her limitation. Therefore, the researcher would like to express
her deepest appreciation and gratitude to persons who have given contribution to
her to finish the paper, among others are:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si. the dean of school of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who has given the
legalization towards her research paper.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.Si., as the Head of English Department and advised
patiently during the arrangement of this research paper from the very
beginning up to the completion of the reserach paper
v
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S., the researcher’s first consultant and the inspiring
person for giving his great help, advice, guidance, so that the researcher is
motivated and courageous to finish the research paper.
4. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the second consultant for his great
helpful guidance of this research paper, and as the academic consultant for
having guidance and help indirectly during the researcher’s study in this
university
5. All of English Department’s lectures in Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta
6. Ibu and Bapak, the reseracher’s parents for their eternal blood, prays and
tears for her. She cannot repay those all, hopefully, Allah repays those they
have given and she will try to make them proud of her.
7. Her sister and younger brother, Mbak.Roro and Lutvi, for the love and
joke.
8. Diyah, Titik, Elisa, Tutay, Anjar, Mbak.Vita, Mbak.Utik, Mbak.Damay,
Mas Jack, Mas Tofik, Owol, Nisa, Pak dhe, Kocep, Maul who always give
her and his help, for relationship, friendship and love
9. Her English Department’s friends in 2007 class J academic year who
always give her and his help, support and struggle together to finish the
research paper
10. THE JACK team, for the laugh, share, and other beautiful moments
11. Her friends in Griya Kusuma and Wisma Asri Family
12. Her friend, R 5156 H, for the strugle
vi
13. Her big honey, Hermin for giving the warm when the rain falls
14. All her friends for sharing in the same struggle in writing research paper at
the direction for Mr. Thoyibi, and
15. All of people that cannot be mentioned one by one, for being part of the
researcher’s life
The writer considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestions and criticisms are welcome and accepted. She wishes that
this research paper would be valuable for the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.
Surakarta,
November 2011
The writer
Nunung Soliah
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE..................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY........................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ................................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ....................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................viii
SUMMARY
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study.................................................................. 1
B. Literary Review ................................................................................ 5
C. Problem Statement ........................................................................... 6
D. Limitation of the Study .................................................................... 6
E. Benefit of the Study.......................................................................... 6
F. Objective of the Study...................................................................... 6
G. Research Methodology..................................................................... 7
H. Research Paper Organization ........................................................... 8
viii
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THORY .............................................................. 10
A. Notion of Psychoana lytic ................................................................. 11
B. Theory of Personality ....................................................................... 12
C. Structural Element of Drama ............................................................ 15
D. Theoretical Application.................................................................... 22
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS....................................................... 24
A. Structural Elements of Antigone ...................................................... 24
1. Character and Characterization .................................................. 24
2. Plot ............................................................................................. 35
3. Setting......................................................................................... 36
4. Set Dressing and properties ........................................................ 37
5. Costume and make up ................................................................ 37
6. Theme ......................................................................................... 38
B. Discussion ........................................................................................ 39
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ............................................ 43
A. Structure of Antigones’ Personality ................................................. 43
B. Conflicts of interest .......................................................................... 48
C. Discussion of Analysis ..................................................................... 54
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION....................................... .. 56
A. Conclusion........................................................................................ 56
B. Suggestion........................................................................................ 57
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
ix
ABSTRACT
Nunung Soliah. A 320 070 328. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST BETWEEN
THE FAMILY AND THE STATE IN SOPHOCLES’ ANTIGONE (1912):
PSYCHOANALYTIC
CRITICISM.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2011
This study aims to explore the conflicts of interest between the family and the
state in Sophocles’s Antigone. The objective of the research is to analyze the
drama based on its structural elements and to analyze the poetry based on
psychanalytic criticism.
The researcher employs a qualitative method. In this method, the researcher uses
two data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data
source is the drama script. The secondary data sources are reference and material
related to the study. The method of data collection is library research and the
technique of data collection is descriptive technique.
The study shows the following conclusions. First, based on the structural analysis,
it is clear that in this drama, Sophocles wants to deliver a message that sometimes
a conflict is hard to solve. Second, based on the psychoanalytic analysis, it is
evident that Sophocles reflects a psychological phenomenon, namely the conflict
of id, ego and superego.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S
Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum
Dean
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.S
x