T BING 1302265 Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval ....................................................................................................................
i
Statement.....................................................................................................................
ii
Preface ....................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgement .................................................................................................... iv
Abstract ..................................................................................................................... vi
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... vii
List of Tables ............................................................................................................ x
List of Charts ............................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………… ....
1
1.2. Background of the Study...............................................................................
1
1.3. Statements of Problems .................................................................................
3
1.4. Purposes of the Study ..................................................................................
3
1.5. Significance of the Study ..............................................................................
3
1.6. Operational Definition ...................................................................................
4
1.7. Organization of the Paper .............................................................................
4
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
2.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................
6
2.2 Critical Literacy (CL) .....................................................................................
6
2.3 Basic Principles of Critical Literacy..............................................................
9
2.3.1. Basic Principles of CL based on Critical Social Theory of Literacy . 9
2.3.2. Basic Principles of CL based on Critical Pedagogy .......................... 12
2.4 Models of Critical Literacy............................................................................ 19
2.5 Stages of Incorporating Critical Literacy to the Teaching Program.............. 25
2.6 Benefits and Challenges of Critical Literacy …………………………. ..... 28
2.7 Related Previous Studies …………………………………………… ......... 30
2.8 Concluding Remark …………………………………………………. ........ 33
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 34
3.2 Research Design ........................................................................................... 34
3.3 Setting ........................................................................................................... 35
3.4 Participants.................................................................................................... 36
3.5 Data Colection .............................................................................................. 36
3.5.1. Classroom Observation....................................................................... 37
3.5.2. Students’ Reflective Learning Journals ............................................ 38
3.5.3. Students’ Reading Works .................................................................. 39
3.5.4. Questionaire ........................................................................................ 39
3.5.5. Interview ............................................................................................. 40
3.6 Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 41
3.6.1. Analysis of Data from Classroom Observation ................................ 41
3.6.2. Analysis of Data from Students’ Reflective Learning Journals ....... 42
3.6.3. Analysis of Data from Students’ Reading Works ............................. 42
3.6.4. Analysis of Data from Questionnaire ................................................. 42
3.6.5. Analysis of Data from Interview ...................................................... 43
3.7 Concluding Remark...................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER IV THE TEACHING PROGRAM
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 44
4.2 Preliminary Phase of the Teaching Program .................................................. 44
4.2.1. Distributing Questionnaires of Critical Literacy Assessment............. 44
4.2.2. Planning the Teaching Schedules and Teaching Materials .............. 45
4.2.3. Introducing Critical Literacy .............................................................. 48
4.3. The Teaching Program.................................................................................. 49
43.1. Unit I ................................................................................................... 50
4.3.2. Unit II ................................................................................................. 59
4.3.3. Unit III................................................................................................ 68
4.4. Concluding Remark ...................................................................................... 77
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER V FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 79
5.2 Findings ......................................................................................................... 79
5.2.1. The Incorporation of Critical Literacy to the Teaching Program in
Assisting Students’ Critical Literacy Development ............................
5.2.1.1. The Encouragement of Students’ Awareness of Text as
Value-Laden .......................................................................... 80
5.2.1.2. The Establishment of Democratic Atmosphere and NonThreatening Environment ...................................................... 101
5.2.1.3. The Positioning Teacher as an Essential Role....................... 103
5.2.2. Benefits and Challenges of the Incorporation of Critical Literacy to
the Teaching Program......................................................................... 104
5.2.2.1. Benefits of the Incorporation of Critical Literacy to the
Teaching Program ................................................................. 104
5.2.2.2. Challenges of the Incorporation of Critical Literacy to the
Teaching Program ................................................................. 114
5.3. Discussion .................................................................................... 117
5.5. Concluding Remark ....................................................................................... 119
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY, AND
SUGGESTIONS
6.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 121
6.2. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 121
6.3. Limitations of the Study ................................................................................ 123
6.4. Suggestions .................................................................................................. 123
References
Appendices
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
List of Tables
Table 2.1. Critical Literacy Dimensions of Unsworth ............................................. 20
Table 2.2 . Classroom Observation, Focus of the Lesson, and Methods .................. 37
Table 3.3. Focus of Classroom Observation ............................................................ 41
Table 4.1. List of Teaching Schedules .................................................................... 46
Table 4.2. Lesson Plan of Unit I .............................................................................. 50
Table 4.3. Lesson Plan of Unit II ............................................................................. 59
Table 4.4. Lesson Plan of Unit III ............................................................................ 68
Table 5.1. Comprehension Questions ...................................................................... 84
Table 5.2. Critical Questions to Link a Text and Personal Experience/ Knowledge
87
Table 5.3. Critical Questions to Explain How Topics or Characters are
Represented in a Text .............................................................................. 90
Table 5.4. Critical Questions to See Something from Multiple Viewpoints ............ 92
Table 5.5. Critical Questions to Identify Included and Excluded Voice within a
Text ........................................................................................................... 95
Table 5.6. Critical Questions to Explain Influence of Text on Students’ Thinking . 98
Table 5.7. Critical Questions to Focus on Sociopolitical Issues ............................... 100
Table 5.8. Data of Questionnaire in Pre and Post of the Teaching Program ............ 105
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
List of Pictures
Picture 4.1 ................................................................................................................ 61
Picture 4.2 .................................................................................................................. 62
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Approval ....................................................................................................................
i
Statement.....................................................................................................................
ii
Preface ....................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgement .................................................................................................... iv
Abstract ..................................................................................................................... vi
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... vii
List of Tables ............................................................................................................ x
List of Charts ............................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………… ....
1
1.2. Background of the Study...............................................................................
1
1.3. Statements of Problems .................................................................................
3
1.4. Purposes of the Study ..................................................................................
3
1.5. Significance of the Study ..............................................................................
3
1.6. Operational Definition ...................................................................................
4
1.7. Organization of the Paper .............................................................................
4
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
2.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................
6
2.2 Critical Literacy (CL) .....................................................................................
6
2.3 Basic Principles of Critical Literacy..............................................................
9
2.3.1. Basic Principles of CL based on Critical Social Theory of Literacy . 9
2.3.2. Basic Principles of CL based on Critical Pedagogy .......................... 12
2.4 Models of Critical Literacy............................................................................ 19
2.5 Stages of Incorporating Critical Literacy to the Teaching Program.............. 25
2.6 Benefits and Challenges of Critical Literacy …………………………. ..... 28
2.7 Related Previous Studies …………………………………………… ......... 30
2.8 Concluding Remark …………………………………………………. ........ 33
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 34
3.2 Research Design ........................................................................................... 34
3.3 Setting ........................................................................................................... 35
3.4 Participants.................................................................................................... 36
3.5 Data Colection .............................................................................................. 36
3.5.1. Classroom Observation....................................................................... 37
3.5.2. Students’ Reflective Learning Journals ............................................ 38
3.5.3. Students’ Reading Works .................................................................. 39
3.5.4. Questionaire ........................................................................................ 39
3.5.5. Interview ............................................................................................. 40
3.6 Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 41
3.6.1. Analysis of Data from Classroom Observation ................................ 41
3.6.2. Analysis of Data from Students’ Reflective Learning Journals ....... 42
3.6.3. Analysis of Data from Students’ Reading Works ............................. 42
3.6.4. Analysis of Data from Questionnaire ................................................. 42
3.6.5. Analysis of Data from Interview ...................................................... 43
3.7 Concluding Remark...................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER IV THE TEACHING PROGRAM
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 44
4.2 Preliminary Phase of the Teaching Program .................................................. 44
4.2.1. Distributing Questionnaires of Critical Literacy Assessment............. 44
4.2.2. Planning the Teaching Schedules and Teaching Materials .............. 45
4.2.3. Introducing Critical Literacy .............................................................. 48
4.3. The Teaching Program.................................................................................. 49
43.1. Unit I ................................................................................................... 50
4.3.2. Unit II ................................................................................................. 59
4.3.3. Unit III................................................................................................ 68
4.4. Concluding Remark ...................................................................................... 77
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER V FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 79
5.2 Findings ......................................................................................................... 79
5.2.1. The Incorporation of Critical Literacy to the Teaching Program in
Assisting Students’ Critical Literacy Development ............................
5.2.1.1. The Encouragement of Students’ Awareness of Text as
Value-Laden .......................................................................... 80
5.2.1.2. The Establishment of Democratic Atmosphere and NonThreatening Environment ...................................................... 101
5.2.1.3. The Positioning Teacher as an Essential Role....................... 103
5.2.2. Benefits and Challenges of the Incorporation of Critical Literacy to
the Teaching Program......................................................................... 104
5.2.2.1. Benefits of the Incorporation of Critical Literacy to the
Teaching Program ................................................................. 104
5.2.2.2. Challenges of the Incorporation of Critical Literacy to the
Teaching Program ................................................................. 114
5.3. Discussion .................................................................................... 117
5.5. Concluding Remark ....................................................................................... 119
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY, AND
SUGGESTIONS
6.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 121
6.2. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 121
6.3. Limitations of the Study ................................................................................ 123
6.4. Suggestions .................................................................................................. 123
References
Appendices
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
List of Tables
Table 2.1. Critical Literacy Dimensions of Unsworth ............................................. 20
Table 2.2 . Classroom Observation, Focus of the Lesson, and Methods .................. 37
Table 3.3. Focus of Classroom Observation ............................................................ 41
Table 4.1. List of Teaching Schedules .................................................................... 46
Table 4.2. Lesson Plan of Unit I .............................................................................. 50
Table 4.3. Lesson Plan of Unit II ............................................................................. 59
Table 4.4. Lesson Plan of Unit III ............................................................................ 68
Table 5.1. Comprehension Questions ...................................................................... 84
Table 5.2. Critical Questions to Link a Text and Personal Experience/ Knowledge
87
Table 5.3. Critical Questions to Explain How Topics or Characters are
Represented in a Text .............................................................................. 90
Table 5.4. Critical Questions to See Something from Multiple Viewpoints ............ 92
Table 5.5. Critical Questions to Identify Included and Excluded Voice within a
Text ........................................................................................................... 95
Table 5.6. Critical Questions to Explain Influence of Text on Students’ Thinking . 98
Table 5.7. Critical Questions to Focus on Sociopolitical Issues ............................... 100
Table 5.8. Data of Questionnaire in Pre and Post of the Teaching Program ............ 105
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
List of Pictures
Picture 4.1 ................................................................................................................ 61
Picture 4.2 .................................................................................................................. 62
Atri Nadia Astarina, 2015
CRITICAL LITERACY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(A CASE STUDY IN ONE PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN BANDUNG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu