t ipa 0907625 table of content(1)
DAFTAR ISI
PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 4
C. Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................... 4
D. Hipotesis .................................................................................................... 4
E. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 6
F. Manfaat Penelitian Defenisi Operasional .................................................. 6
G. Definisi Operasional ................................................................................... 7
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA .............................................................................. 10
A. Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok ............................................. 10
1. Pengertian Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok .................... 10
2. Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok di Kelas ...... 12
3. Memulai suatu Investigasi.................................................................. 14
4. Peran Guru Dalam Pembelajaran Investigasi kelompok .................... 15
B. Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis .................................................................... 16
vi
C. Keterampialan Proses Sains ...................................................................... 22
1. Pengertian Keterampilan Proses Sains ............................................... 22
2. Aspek-aspek Keterampilan Proses Sains ........................................... 22
D. Model Pembelajaran Konvesional ............................................................ 24
1. Pengertian Model Pembelajaran Konvensional ................................. 24
2. Keunggulan dan Kelemahan Model Pembelajaran Konvensional ..... 26
E. Gambaran Umum Pokok Bahasan ............................................................ 29
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................... 32
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ................................................................... 32
B. Populasi dan Sample Penelitian ................................................................ 34
C. Instrumen ................................................................................................... 34
D. Prosedur Penelitian .................................................................................... 38
E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................ 40
F. Teknis Analisis Data ................................................................................. 42
1.
Analisis data instrumen penelitian ................................................... 42
a. Taraf Kesukaran (Index Difficulty) .......................................... 42
b. Daya Pembeda (Discriminating Power) ................................... 44
c. Validitas .................................................................................... 45
d. Reliabilitas ................................................................................ 47
2.
Hasil Uji Coca Instrumen ................................................................ 48
3.
Teknik Pengolahan Data .................................................................. 50
G. Alur Penelitian ............................................................................................. 58
vii
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN................................... 59
A. Test Keterampilan Proses Sains ................................................................ 60
1.
Profil Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa pada kelas Eksperimen .... 60
2.
Profil Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa pada kelas Kontrol........... 62
3.
Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa Sebelum Dilakukan Treatment
pada Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ......................................63
4.
Perbandingan Peningkatan Keterampilan Proses Sains pada
Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol secara Keseluruhan .............. 65
B. Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis ..................................................................... 68
1.
Profil Pretest Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Tiap Aspek kelas Eksperimen ........................................................ 68
2.
Profil Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Siswa Secara Keseluruhan ...... 74
3.
Perbandingan Peningkatan Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis pada
Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol secara Keseluruhan .............. 75
C. Analisis Data Observasi ........................................................................... 79
1.
Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok .......... 79
2.
Deskripsi Proses Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok.................... 79
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. 83
A. Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 83
B. Saran .......................................................................................................... 83
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 85
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ................................................................................. 88
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Halaman
3.1 Randomized Control Group Pretest Postest Design ................................. 32
3.2 Rincian intrumen tes penguasaan konsep hasil judgment ......................... 35
3.3 Rincian intrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis
Cornell critical thinking test level X .......................................................... 37
3.4 Interpretasi Indeks Kesukaran .................................................................. 43
3.5. Interpretasi Daya Pembeda ........................................................................ 45
3.6. Interpretasi Validitas.................................................................................. 46
3.7 Interpretasi Reliabilitas .............................................................................. 48
3.8. Hasil Uji Coba Soal Tes Keterampilan Proses Sains ................................ 49
3.9 Interpretasi Gain Skor Ternormalisasi ...................................................... 51
3.10 Interpretasi Efektivitas Pembelajaran ........................................................ 57
4.1 Hasil Pretest, posttest dan N-Gain Keterampilan Proses Sains
kelas Eksperiment .................................................................................... 60
4.2 Hasil Pretest, posttest dan N-Gain Keterampilan Proses Sain
kelas Kontrol ............................................................................................. 62
4.3 Hasil Uji Normalitas dan Homogenitas terhadap Skor Pretes Kedua
Kelas .......................................................................................................... 64
4.4 Hasil uji t terhadap skor pretes ................................................................. 64
4.5 Rekapitulasi Skor Tes Keterampilan Proses Sains ................................... 65
4.6 Hasil Uji Normalitas dan Homogenitas terhadap Gain Keterampilan
Proses Sains Kedua Kelas.......................................................................... 67
4.7 Hasil uji hipotesis dengan uji t ................................................................. 67
4.8 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ................................... 69
4.9 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan Menginduksi ..................................... 70
4.10 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan mengobservasi dan krediabiltas
suatu sumber .............................................................................................. 71
4.11 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan Deduksi ............................................. 72
4.12 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan asumsi ................................................ 73
4.13 Rekapitulasi Skor Tes Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis
Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ....................................................... 75
4.14 Hasil Uji Normalitas dan Homogenitas terhadap N-Gain
Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Kedua Kelas ................................................ 77
4.15 Hasil uji hipotesis dengan uji Mann-Whitney U/Wilcoxon ....................... 77
4.16 Persentase Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran ..................................... 79
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Halaman
2.1
2.2
3.1.
4.1
Grafik faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterampilan berpikir kritis ..... 18
Keadaan benda terapung, melayang dan tenggelam .................................. 30
Alur Penelitian ........................................................................................... 58
Grafik Skor Pretest dan Posttest Keterampilan Proses Sains Kelas
Eksperimen ............................................................................................... 61
4.2 Grafik Skor Pretest dan Posttest Keterampilan Proses Sains Kelas
Kontrol ...................................................................................................... 63
4.3 Rekapitulasi Skor Tes Keterampilan Proses Sains Kelas Eksperimen
dan Kelas Kontrol ..................................................................................... 66
4.4 Profil keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa secara keseluruhan ................... 69
4.5 Kemampuan menginduksi ........................................................................ 70
4.6 Kemampuan mengobservasi dan kredibiltas suatu sumber ...................... 71
4.7 Kemampuan Deduksi ............................................................................... 72
4.8 Kemampuan asumsi .................................................................................. 73
4.9 Grafik tingkat Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis tiap aspek ............................. 74
4.10 Rekapitulasi Skor Tes Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis
Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ....................................................... 76
4.11 Dua Keadaan Demonstrasi Guru di Kelas ................................................ 81
4.12 Dua keadaan benda tenggelam dengan kedalaman yang sama ................. 82
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran A : Perangkat Pembelajaran ............................................................ 88
Lampiran B : Hasil Uji Coba Instrumen .......................................................... 100
Lampiran C : Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................. 106
Lampiran D : Pengolahan data Penelitian ........................................................ 146
Lampirab E : Dokumentasi Penelitian ............................................................. 167
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PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 4
C. Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................... 4
D. Hipotesis .................................................................................................... 4
E. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 6
F. Manfaat Penelitian Defenisi Operasional .................................................. 6
G. Definisi Operasional ................................................................................... 7
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA .............................................................................. 10
A. Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok ............................................. 10
1. Pengertian Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok .................... 10
2. Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok di Kelas ...... 12
3. Memulai suatu Investigasi.................................................................. 14
4. Peran Guru Dalam Pembelajaran Investigasi kelompok .................... 15
B. Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis .................................................................... 16
vi
C. Keterampialan Proses Sains ...................................................................... 22
1. Pengertian Keterampilan Proses Sains ............................................... 22
2. Aspek-aspek Keterampilan Proses Sains ........................................... 22
D. Model Pembelajaran Konvesional ............................................................ 24
1. Pengertian Model Pembelajaran Konvensional ................................. 24
2. Keunggulan dan Kelemahan Model Pembelajaran Konvensional ..... 26
E. Gambaran Umum Pokok Bahasan ............................................................ 29
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................... 32
A. Metode dan Desain Penelitian ................................................................... 32
B. Populasi dan Sample Penelitian ................................................................ 34
C. Instrumen ................................................................................................... 34
D. Prosedur Penelitian .................................................................................... 38
E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................ 40
F. Teknis Analisis Data ................................................................................. 42
1.
Analisis data instrumen penelitian ................................................... 42
a. Taraf Kesukaran (Index Difficulty) .......................................... 42
b. Daya Pembeda (Discriminating Power) ................................... 44
c. Validitas .................................................................................... 45
d. Reliabilitas ................................................................................ 47
2.
Hasil Uji Coca Instrumen ................................................................ 48
3.
Teknik Pengolahan Data .................................................................. 50
G. Alur Penelitian ............................................................................................. 58
vii
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN................................... 59
A. Test Keterampilan Proses Sains ................................................................ 60
1.
Profil Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa pada kelas Eksperimen .... 60
2.
Profil Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa pada kelas Kontrol........... 62
3.
Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa Sebelum Dilakukan Treatment
pada Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ......................................63
4.
Perbandingan Peningkatan Keterampilan Proses Sains pada
Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol secara Keseluruhan .............. 65
B. Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis ..................................................................... 68
1.
Profil Pretest Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Tiap Aspek kelas Eksperimen ........................................................ 68
2.
Profil Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Siswa Secara Keseluruhan ...... 74
3.
Perbandingan Peningkatan Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis pada
Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol secara Keseluruhan .............. 75
C. Analisis Data Observasi ........................................................................... 79
1.
Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok .......... 79
2.
Deskripsi Proses Pembelajaran Investigasi Kelompok.................... 79
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. 83
A. Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 83
B. Saran .......................................................................................................... 83
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 85
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ................................................................................. 88
viii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Halaman
3.1 Randomized Control Group Pretest Postest Design ................................. 32
3.2 Rincian intrumen tes penguasaan konsep hasil judgment ......................... 35
3.3 Rincian intrumen keterampilan berpikir kritis
Cornell critical thinking test level X .......................................................... 37
3.4 Interpretasi Indeks Kesukaran .................................................................. 43
3.5. Interpretasi Daya Pembeda ........................................................................ 45
3.6. Interpretasi Validitas.................................................................................. 46
3.7 Interpretasi Reliabilitas .............................................................................. 48
3.8. Hasil Uji Coba Soal Tes Keterampilan Proses Sains ................................ 49
3.9 Interpretasi Gain Skor Ternormalisasi ...................................................... 51
3.10 Interpretasi Efektivitas Pembelajaran ........................................................ 57
4.1 Hasil Pretest, posttest dan N-Gain Keterampilan Proses Sains
kelas Eksperiment .................................................................................... 60
4.2 Hasil Pretest, posttest dan N-Gain Keterampilan Proses Sain
kelas Kontrol ............................................................................................. 62
4.3 Hasil Uji Normalitas dan Homogenitas terhadap Skor Pretes Kedua
Kelas .......................................................................................................... 64
4.4 Hasil uji t terhadap skor pretes ................................................................. 64
4.5 Rekapitulasi Skor Tes Keterampilan Proses Sains ................................... 65
4.6 Hasil Uji Normalitas dan Homogenitas terhadap Gain Keterampilan
Proses Sains Kedua Kelas.......................................................................... 67
4.7 Hasil uji hipotesis dengan uji t ................................................................. 67
4.8 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ................................... 69
4.9 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan Menginduksi ..................................... 70
4.10 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan mengobservasi dan krediabiltas
suatu sumber .............................................................................................. 71
4.11 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan Deduksi ............................................. 72
4.12 Skor Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan asumsi ................................................ 73
4.13 Rekapitulasi Skor Tes Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis
Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ....................................................... 75
4.14 Hasil Uji Normalitas dan Homogenitas terhadap N-Gain
Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Kedua Kelas ................................................ 77
4.15 Hasil uji hipotesis dengan uji Mann-Whitney U/Wilcoxon ....................... 77
4.16 Persentase Keterlaksanaan Model Pembelajaran ..................................... 79
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Halaman
2.1
2.2
3.1.
4.1
Grafik faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterampilan berpikir kritis ..... 18
Keadaan benda terapung, melayang dan tenggelam .................................. 30
Alur Penelitian ........................................................................................... 58
Grafik Skor Pretest dan Posttest Keterampilan Proses Sains Kelas
Eksperimen ............................................................................................... 61
4.2 Grafik Skor Pretest dan Posttest Keterampilan Proses Sains Kelas
Kontrol ...................................................................................................... 63
4.3 Rekapitulasi Skor Tes Keterampilan Proses Sains Kelas Eksperimen
dan Kelas Kontrol ..................................................................................... 66
4.4 Profil keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa secara keseluruhan ................... 69
4.5 Kemampuan menginduksi ........................................................................ 70
4.6 Kemampuan mengobservasi dan kredibiltas suatu sumber ...................... 71
4.7 Kemampuan Deduksi ............................................................................... 72
4.8 Kemampuan asumsi .................................................................................. 73
4.9 Grafik tingkat Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis tiap aspek ............................. 74
4.10 Rekapitulasi Skor Tes Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis
Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ....................................................... 76
4.11 Dua Keadaan Demonstrasi Guru di Kelas ................................................ 81
4.12 Dua keadaan benda tenggelam dengan kedalaman yang sama ................. 82
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran A : Perangkat Pembelajaran ............................................................ 88
Lampiran B : Hasil Uji Coba Instrumen .......................................................... 100
Lampiran C : Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................. 106
Lampiran D : Pengolahan data Penelitian ........................................................ 146
Lampirab E : Dokumentasi Penelitian ............................................................. 167
xi