S KDSERANG PGPAUD 1203424 Table of contont
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN.......................................................................... .. iii
KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... iv
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIYAH ..................... vi
SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. vii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ...................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xiv
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Penelitian .......................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah Penelitian .................................................... 5
C. Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 6
D. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................... 6
E. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ........................................................ 7
F. Definisi Operasional Penelitian ................................................. 8
G. Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ....................................................... 9
BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................. 11
A. Kajian Teori .............................................................................. 11
1. Media Pembelajaran .............................................................. 11
2. Media gambar ........................................................................ 13
3. Media
Gambar
Untuk
meningkatkan
Pembelajaran
Kemampuan Berbicara Pada Anak Usia Dini ......................... 16
4. Kemampuan Berbicara .......................................................... 17
5. Pengertian
Anak
Usia
Dini
dan
Aspek-aspek
Perkembangan ......................................................................... 27
x
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
B. Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................. 30
C. Kerangka Berpikir ..................................................................... 32
D. Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................. 33
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 34
A. Desain Penelitian ...................................................................... 34
B. Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................... 35
C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ................................................ 36
D. Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................. 36
E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................... 38
F. Teknik Analisis Data ................................................................. 40
G. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Penelitian ......................................... 49
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................. 51
A. Temuan ..................................................................................... 51
1. Deskriptif Lokasi Penelitian .................................................. 51
2. Desripsi Subjek Penelitian .................................................... 52
3. Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian ..................................................... 53
B. Pembahasan .............................................................................. 70
1. Kondisi Awal Peserta Didik ................................................... 70
2. Pembelajaran Menggunakan Media Gambar ........................ 72
3. Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini ............ 76
4. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ................................................ 79
BAB V
PENUTUP ...................................................................................... 82
A. Simpulan ................................................................................... 82
B. Saran ......................................................................................... 83
DAFTAR REFERENSI .................................................................................. 85
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN
xi
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Kriteria Penilaian Tes Kemampuan
Berbicara Anak Usia Dini ................................................... 40
Tabel 3.2 Pedoman Untuk Memberikan Interpretasi
Koefisien Korelasi ............................................................... 42
Tabel 3.3 Hasil Perhitungan Uji Validitas Instrumen ........................... 44
Tabel 3.4 Klasifikasi Reliabilitas ......................................................... 45
Tabel 3.5 Hasil Statistik Uji Reliabilitas .............................................. 46
Tabel 3.6 Klasifikasi Tingkat Kesukaran Soal ...................................... 47
Tabel 3.7 Rekapitulasi Kriteria Kesukaran Soal ................................. 48
Table 3.8 Klasifikasi ............................................................................ 49
Tabel 4.1 Nama Peserta Didik Yang Menjadi Subjek
Dalam Penelitian .................................................................. 52
Tabel 4.2 Nilai Tes Awal (Pretest) ...................................................... 55
Tabel 4.3 Nilai Tes Akhir (Posttest) .................................................... 57
Tabel 4.4 Nilai Kriteria Pretest ............................................................ 59
Table 4.5 Nilai Kriteria Posttest ........................................................... 60
Tabel 4.6 Statistik Deskriptif Tes Awal (Pretest) ................................ 61
Table 4.7 Statistik Deskriptif Tes Akhir (Posttest) .............................. 62
Tabel 4.8 Uji Normalitas Data Tes Awal (Pretest) .............................. 63
Tabel 4.9 Uji Normalitas Data Tes Akhir (Posttest) ............................ 66
Tabel 4.9 Uji Hipotesis Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest)
Dan Tes Akhir (Posttest) ..................................................... 68
Tabel 4.10 Paired Samples Test ........................................................... 69
Tabel 4.11 Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Awal (Pretest) Dan
Tes Akhir (Posttest) ........................................................... 75
Tabel 4.12 Rekapilutasi Hasil Analisis Data Hasil Kemampuan
Berbicara Pada Anak Usia Dini ......................................... 77
Tabel 4.13 Pembahasan Keseluruhan Hasil Penelitian ........................ 79
xii
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1 Rumus Pra Eksperimen .................................................. 35
Gambar 3.2 Rumus Validitas Instrumen .............................................. 42
Gambar 3.3 Rumus Uji Korelasi Product Moment ............................... 43
Gambar 3.4 Rumus Reliabilitas Instrumen ........................................... 45
Gambar 3.5 Rumus Tingkat Kesukaran ............................................... 47
Gambar 4.1 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Pertama ............................ 72
Gambar 4.2 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Kedua ............................... 72
Gambar 4.3 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Ketiga ............................... 72
Gambar 4.4 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Keempat ........................... 72
Gambar 4.5 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Kelima .............................. 73
Gambar 4.6 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Keenam ............................ 73
xiii
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest) ............................................... 56
Diagram 4.2 Hasil Tes Akhir (Posttest) ............................................... 58
Diagram 4.3 Uji Normalitas Data Hasil Pretest ................................... 64
Diagram 4.4 Q-Q Plot Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest) ................................. 65
Diagram 4.5 Uji Normalitas Data Hasil Posttest ................................. 67
Diagram 4.6 Q-Q Plot Hasil Tes Akhir (Posttest) .............................. 68
Diagram 4.7 Hasil Analisis Data Tes Awal (Pretest) Dan
Data Tes Akhir (Posttest) Kemampuan Berbicara .......... 78
xiv
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
1
Surat Keputusan
2
Surat Ijin Observasi
3
Surat Keterangan Penelitian
4
RKM dan RKH
5
Pedoman Wawancara
6
Traskip Wawancara
7
Kisi-kisi Instrumen
8
Lembar Instrumen Tes
9
Data Rekapitulasi Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest)
10
Data Rekapitulasi Hasil Tes Akhir (Posttest)
11
Hasil Tes Peserta Didik (Pretest)
12
Hasil Tes Peserta Didik (Posttest)
13
Uji Coba Instrumen
14
Uji Reliabilitas
15
Uji Tingkat Kesukaran
16
Uji Normalitas Data
17
Uji Hipotesis
18
Media Gambar
19
Foto-Foto Kegiatan
20
Riwayat Hidup
xv
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN.......................................................................... .. iii
KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... iv
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIYAH ..................... vi
SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. vii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ...................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xiv
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Penelitian .......................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah Penelitian .................................................... 5
C. Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 6
D. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................... 6
E. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ........................................................ 7
F. Definisi Operasional Penelitian ................................................. 8
G. Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ....................................................... 9
BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................. 11
A. Kajian Teori .............................................................................. 11
1. Media Pembelajaran .............................................................. 11
2. Media gambar ........................................................................ 13
3. Media
Gambar
Untuk
meningkatkan
Pembelajaran
Kemampuan Berbicara Pada Anak Usia Dini ......................... 16
4. Kemampuan Berbicara .......................................................... 17
5. Pengertian
Anak
Usia
Dini
dan
Aspek-aspek
Perkembangan ......................................................................... 27
x
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
B. Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................. 30
C. Kerangka Berpikir ..................................................................... 32
D. Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................. 33
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 34
A. Desain Penelitian ...................................................................... 34
B. Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................... 35
C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ................................................ 36
D. Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................. 36
E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................... 38
F. Teknik Analisis Data ................................................................. 40
G. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Penelitian ......................................... 49
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................. 51
A. Temuan ..................................................................................... 51
1. Deskriptif Lokasi Penelitian .................................................. 51
2. Desripsi Subjek Penelitian .................................................... 52
3. Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian ..................................................... 53
B. Pembahasan .............................................................................. 70
1. Kondisi Awal Peserta Didik ................................................... 70
2. Pembelajaran Menggunakan Media Gambar ........................ 72
3. Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini ............ 76
4. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ................................................ 79
BAB V
PENUTUP ...................................................................................... 82
A. Simpulan ................................................................................... 82
B. Saran ......................................................................................... 83
DAFTAR REFERENSI .................................................................................. 85
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN
xi
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Kriteria Penilaian Tes Kemampuan
Berbicara Anak Usia Dini ................................................... 40
Tabel 3.2 Pedoman Untuk Memberikan Interpretasi
Koefisien Korelasi ............................................................... 42
Tabel 3.3 Hasil Perhitungan Uji Validitas Instrumen ........................... 44
Tabel 3.4 Klasifikasi Reliabilitas ......................................................... 45
Tabel 3.5 Hasil Statistik Uji Reliabilitas .............................................. 46
Tabel 3.6 Klasifikasi Tingkat Kesukaran Soal ...................................... 47
Tabel 3.7 Rekapitulasi Kriteria Kesukaran Soal ................................. 48
Table 3.8 Klasifikasi ............................................................................ 49
Tabel 4.1 Nama Peserta Didik Yang Menjadi Subjek
Dalam Penelitian .................................................................. 52
Tabel 4.2 Nilai Tes Awal (Pretest) ...................................................... 55
Tabel 4.3 Nilai Tes Akhir (Posttest) .................................................... 57
Tabel 4.4 Nilai Kriteria Pretest ............................................................ 59
Table 4.5 Nilai Kriteria Posttest ........................................................... 60
Tabel 4.6 Statistik Deskriptif Tes Awal (Pretest) ................................ 61
Table 4.7 Statistik Deskriptif Tes Akhir (Posttest) .............................. 62
Tabel 4.8 Uji Normalitas Data Tes Awal (Pretest) .............................. 63
Tabel 4.9 Uji Normalitas Data Tes Akhir (Posttest) ............................ 66
Tabel 4.9 Uji Hipotesis Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest)
Dan Tes Akhir (Posttest) ..................................................... 68
Tabel 4.10 Paired Samples Test ........................................................... 69
Tabel 4.11 Rekapitulasi Nilai Tes Awal (Pretest) Dan
Tes Akhir (Posttest) ........................................................... 75
Tabel 4.12 Rekapilutasi Hasil Analisis Data Hasil Kemampuan
Berbicara Pada Anak Usia Dini ......................................... 77
Tabel 4.13 Pembahasan Keseluruhan Hasil Penelitian ........................ 79
xii
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1 Rumus Pra Eksperimen .................................................. 35
Gambar 3.2 Rumus Validitas Instrumen .............................................. 42
Gambar 3.3 Rumus Uji Korelasi Product Moment ............................... 43
Gambar 3.4 Rumus Reliabilitas Instrumen ........................................... 45
Gambar 3.5 Rumus Tingkat Kesukaran ............................................... 47
Gambar 4.1 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Pertama ............................ 72
Gambar 4.2 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Kedua ............................... 72
Gambar 4.3 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Ketiga ............................... 72
Gambar 4.4 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Keempat ........................... 72
Gambar 4.5 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Kelima .............................. 73
Gambar 4.6 Gambar Tampilan Pertemuan Keenam ............................ 73
xiii
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 4.1 Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest) ............................................... 56
Diagram 4.2 Hasil Tes Akhir (Posttest) ............................................... 58
Diagram 4.3 Uji Normalitas Data Hasil Pretest ................................... 64
Diagram 4.4 Q-Q Plot Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest) ................................. 65
Diagram 4.5 Uji Normalitas Data Hasil Posttest ................................. 67
Diagram 4.6 Q-Q Plot Hasil Tes Akhir (Posttest) .............................. 68
Diagram 4.7 Hasil Analisis Data Tes Awal (Pretest) Dan
Data Tes Akhir (Posttest) Kemampuan Berbicara .......... 78
xiv
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
1
Surat Keputusan
2
Surat Ijin Observasi
3
Surat Keterangan Penelitian
4
RKM dan RKH
5
Pedoman Wawancara
6
Traskip Wawancara
7
Kisi-kisi Instrumen
8
Lembar Instrumen Tes
9
Data Rekapitulasi Hasil Tes Awal (Pretest)
10
Data Rekapitulasi Hasil Tes Akhir (Posttest)
11
Hasil Tes Peserta Didik (Pretest)
12
Hasil Tes Peserta Didik (Posttest)
13
Uji Coba Instrumen
14
Uji Reliabilitas
15
Uji Tingkat Kesukaran
16
Uji Normalitas Data
17
Uji Hipotesis
18
Media Gambar
19
Foto-Foto Kegiatan
20
Riwayat Hidup
xv
Naelul Ngulya, 2016
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu