S PGSD 0902805 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. i
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... viii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah...............................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................3
C. Hipotesis Tindakan .....................................................................................3
D. Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................................4
E. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................4
F. Definisi Operasional ...................................................................................5
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. Alat Peraga ..................................................................................................6
1. Pengertian Alat Peraga ...........................................................................6
2. Jenis Alat Peraga ....................................................................................7
3. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Alat Peraga............................................... 8
4. Prinsip-prinsip Umum Penggunaan Alat Peraga .................................. 9
5. Alat Peraga Tiga Dimensi ................................................................. 10
6. PenggunaanAlatPeragaTigaDimensidalamPembelajaran ................. 11
B. Matematika di Sekolah Dasar ................................................................. 11
1. Hakikat Matematika .............................................................................11
2. Tujuan Mata PelajaranMatematika ......................................................12
3. PembelajaranMatematika di SekolahDasar..........................................13
4. Hasil Belajar Matematika .....................................................................14
C. Teori Belajar ........................................................................................... 15
iv
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Teori Belajar Gestalt ............................................................................15
2. Teori belajar Bruner .............................................................................16
3. Teori Belajar David Ausubel ................................................................18
4. Teori Belajar Van Hiele .........................................................................18
D. Materi Pokok Bangun Ruang .....................................................................19
1. Bangun Ruang ......................................................................................19
2. Jaring-jaring Bangun Ruang ................................................................21
E. Penelitian yang Relevan ............................................................................23
BAB III
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. Metode Penelitian .....................................................................................25
B. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................................27
C. Subjek Penelitian........................................................................................28
D. Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................28
E. Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................................................31
F. Analisis danInterpretasiData ......................................................................31
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Hasil Penelitian .........................................................................................36
1. Siklus I .................................................................................................37
a. Perencanaan....................................................................................37
b. Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .............................................................37
c. Hasil Belajar ...................................................................................40
d. Refleksi ..........................................................................................43
2. Siklus II ................................................................................................44
a. Perencanaan....................................................................................44
b. Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .............................................................45
c. Hasil Belajar ...................................................................................48
d. Refleksi ..........................................................................................53
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................................53
v
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Pelaksanaan ..........................................................................................53
2. Hasil Belajar .........................................................................................54
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Simpulan ....................................................................................................56
B. Saran ..........................................................................................................56
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................58
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................60
vi
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1. BangunRuangKubus..........................................................................19
Gambar 2.2. Kubus ................................................................................................20
Gambar 2.3. Balok .................................................................................................20
Gambar 2.4. Tabung...............................................................................................21
Gambar 2.5.LimasSegiempat .................................................................................21
Gambar 3.1. Model Spiral Refleksi Kemmis & MC. Taggart ...............................27
Gambar 4.1. PeningkatanPersentaseHasilBelajar
SiswaKelas V di atas KKM Sebelum PTK danSiklus I....................42
Gambar 4.2. Perbandingan Nilai Rata-rata SiswaKelas V
Sebelum PTK dan Siklus I ................................................................43
Gambar 4.3. PeningkatanPerkembangan Proses Pembelajaran .............................47
Gambar 4.4. Peningkatan Persentase HasilBelajarSiswa Kelas Vdi atas KKM
Sebelum PTK, Siklus I dan Siklus II ................................................50
Gambar 4.5. Perbandingan Nilai Rata-Rata Siswa Kelas V
Sebelum PTK, Siklus I,danSiklusII ..................................................50
Gambar 4.6. PeningkatanHasilBelajarKelas V PadaSiklus I danSiklus II.............51
vii
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran A InstrumenPenelitian ...........................................................................60
A.1 RPP Siklus I ....................................................................................61
A.2 RPP Siklus II ..................................................................................66
Lampiran B Instrumen Pengumpul Data................................................................71
B.1 Lembar ObservasiKegiatanMengajar Guru ....................................72
B.2 Lembar SoalEvaluasi ......................................................................76
B.3 Kisi-kisiInstrumen...........................................................................78
Lampiran C Data HasilPenelitian ..........................................................................86
C.1 LembarHasilObservasiKegiatanMengajar Guru Siklus I ...............87
C.2 LembarHasilObservasiKegiatanMengajar Guru Siklus II ..............91
C.3 LembarHasilEvaluasiSiswaSiklus I ................................................95
C.4 LembarHasilEvaluasiSiswaSiklus II .............................................107
C.5 NilaiTesSiswa ...............................................................................115
Lampiran DDokumentasiPenelitian .....................................................................118
viii
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
D.1 Foto-fotoKegiatanPenelitian .........................................................119
Lampiran EAdministrasi Penelitian .....................................................................121
E.1 Surat Izin Penelitian ......................................................................122
E.2 Format Persetujuan........................................................................125
ix
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Halaman
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. i
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... viii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah...............................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................3
C. Hipotesis Tindakan .....................................................................................3
D. Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................................4
E. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................4
F. Definisi Operasional ...................................................................................5
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. Alat Peraga ..................................................................................................6
1. Pengertian Alat Peraga ...........................................................................6
2. Jenis Alat Peraga ....................................................................................7
3. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Alat Peraga............................................... 8
4. Prinsip-prinsip Umum Penggunaan Alat Peraga .................................. 9
5. Alat Peraga Tiga Dimensi ................................................................. 10
6. PenggunaanAlatPeragaTigaDimensidalamPembelajaran ................. 11
B. Matematika di Sekolah Dasar ................................................................. 11
1. Hakikat Matematika .............................................................................11
2. Tujuan Mata PelajaranMatematika ......................................................12
3. PembelajaranMatematika di SekolahDasar..........................................13
4. Hasil Belajar Matematika .....................................................................14
C. Teori Belajar ........................................................................................... 15
iv
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Teori Belajar Gestalt ............................................................................15
2. Teori belajar Bruner .............................................................................16
3. Teori Belajar David Ausubel ................................................................18
4. Teori Belajar Van Hiele .........................................................................18
D. Materi Pokok Bangun Ruang .....................................................................19
1. Bangun Ruang ......................................................................................19
2. Jaring-jaring Bangun Ruang ................................................................21
E. Penelitian yang Relevan ............................................................................23
BAB III
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. Metode Penelitian .....................................................................................25
B. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................................27
C. Subjek Penelitian........................................................................................28
D. Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................28
E. Instrumen Penelitian ..................................................................................31
F. Analisis danInterpretasiData ......................................................................31
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Hasil Penelitian .........................................................................................36
1. Siklus I .................................................................................................37
a. Perencanaan....................................................................................37
b. Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .............................................................37
c. Hasil Belajar ...................................................................................40
d. Refleksi ..........................................................................................43
2. Siklus II ................................................................................................44
a. Perencanaan....................................................................................44
b. Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran .............................................................45
c. Hasil Belajar ...................................................................................48
d. Refleksi ..........................................................................................53
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................................53
v
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
1. Pelaksanaan ..........................................................................................53
2. Hasil Belajar .........................................................................................54
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Simpulan ....................................................................................................56
B. Saran ..........................................................................................................56
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................58
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................60
vi
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1. BangunRuangKubus..........................................................................19
Gambar 2.2. Kubus ................................................................................................20
Gambar 2.3. Balok .................................................................................................20
Gambar 2.4. Tabung...............................................................................................21
Gambar 2.5.LimasSegiempat .................................................................................21
Gambar 3.1. Model Spiral Refleksi Kemmis & MC. Taggart ...............................27
Gambar 4.1. PeningkatanPersentaseHasilBelajar
SiswaKelas V di atas KKM Sebelum PTK danSiklus I....................42
Gambar 4.2. Perbandingan Nilai Rata-rata SiswaKelas V
Sebelum PTK dan Siklus I ................................................................43
Gambar 4.3. PeningkatanPerkembangan Proses Pembelajaran .............................47
Gambar 4.4. Peningkatan Persentase HasilBelajarSiswa Kelas Vdi atas KKM
Sebelum PTK, Siklus I dan Siklus II ................................................50
Gambar 4.5. Perbandingan Nilai Rata-Rata Siswa Kelas V
Sebelum PTK, Siklus I,danSiklusII ..................................................50
Gambar 4.6. PeningkatanHasilBelajarKelas V PadaSiklus I danSiklus II.............51
vii
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran A InstrumenPenelitian ...........................................................................60
A.1 RPP Siklus I ....................................................................................61
A.2 RPP Siklus II ..................................................................................66
Lampiran B Instrumen Pengumpul Data................................................................71
B.1 Lembar ObservasiKegiatanMengajar Guru ....................................72
B.2 Lembar SoalEvaluasi ......................................................................76
B.3 Kisi-kisiInstrumen...........................................................................78
Lampiran C Data HasilPenelitian ..........................................................................86
C.1 LembarHasilObservasiKegiatanMengajar Guru Siklus I ...............87
C.2 LembarHasilObservasiKegiatanMengajar Guru Siklus II ..............91
C.3 LembarHasilEvaluasiSiswaSiklus I ................................................95
C.4 LembarHasilEvaluasiSiswaSiklus II .............................................107
C.5 NilaiTesSiswa ...............................................................................115
Lampiran DDokumentasiPenelitian .....................................................................118
viii
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
D.1 Foto-fotoKegiatanPenelitian .........................................................119
Lampiran EAdministrasi Penelitian .....................................................................121
E.1 Surat Izin Penelitian ......................................................................122
E.2 Format Persetujuan........................................................................125
ix
Rizki Fitri Aprilyanti, 2014
Penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam
pembelajaran matematika pada materi pokok bangun ruang
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu