MAJOR TYPES OF OCEAN POLLUTION
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Export date: Sun Sep 3 2:17:06 2017 / +0000 GMT
MAJOR TYPES OF OCEAN POLLUTION
1)
Major Types of Ocean Pollutiona)
Oil
Ocean Pollutioni)
Sources(1) Runoff: 363 million gallons/year(2) Routine Maintenance: 137 million gallons/year(3) Air
Pollution: 92 million gallons/year(4) Natural Seeps: 62 million gallons/year(5) Big Spills: 37 million gallons/year(6) Offshore
Drilling:15 million gallons/yearii)
Effects(1) Kills marine animals(a) Destroys a seabird's ability to insulate and they die of
hypothermia(b) Animals die if they swallow it(2) Damages coastal ecosystems, consequences can last decades(a) Covers coast
lines destroying flora and fauna(b) It may take mangroves 50 years to recover(3) Economic impact(a) Economically important
species of shell fish and fin fish are easily killed by oil pollution(b) Devastates local economies dependent on fishingb)
Toxic
Materialsi)
Heavy Metals and slowly degrading chemicals(1) Cadmium, Mercury, Lead ii)
Persistent Organic Pollutants(1)
Dioxin, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)iii) Sources(1) Factory waste(2)
Agriculture(3) Air pollution(4) Household cleaning suppliesiv) Effects(1) Destroy normal immune function(a) Organisms
become susceptible to diseases such as pneumonia an cancer(2) Toxics can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in an ecosystem,
increasing in concentration as they go up the food chain.(a) Top predators, such as orcas and tuna can have extremely high levels
of toxicsc)
Sewage and Eutrophication.i)
Sources(1) Many cities around the world dump their sewage, either treated or
untreated, into the ocean(2) Large vessels, such as cruise ships, can also add substantial amounts of sewage to the environment,
particularly in pristine areas such as Southeast Alaskaii)
Effects(1) Eutrophication: Having waters rich in nutrients that promote
a proliferation of plant life, especially algae,(a) Eutrophication leads to oxygen depletion(i) Sewage increases nutrient levels in
the ocean causing large algae blooms(ii) After the bloom dies, microbes decompose the algae using up all the oxygen in the
water(b) Without oxygen, other organisms, such as fish, die (2) Introduces pathogens (a) Pathogens found in human waste enter
the food web and may, in turn, infect people who eat fish and shellfish from the contaminated area.d) Garbagei)
Sources(1)
Unregulated dumping of garbage from ships and coastal communities(a) It's very hard to enforce bans on ocean dumping(2) 14
Billion pounds of garbage are dumped in the ocean each yearii)
Effects(1) Large pieces of garbage can ensnare marine animals,
killing them(2) Many animals ingest the garbage, which can also kill them.(a) 267 marine species have been reported entangled
in or having ingested marine debris(i) 86% of all sea turtle species, 44% of all sea bird species and 43% of all marine mammal
species(3) Fouls ship motors and other marine machinery.e)
Radioactive Wastei)
Sources(1) Dumping of radioactive
waste at sea is banned, but some is still discharged from coastal facilitiesii)
Effects(1) Not well knownOn land, radioactivity
causes birth defects and cancers such as leukemia
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Export date: Sun Sep 3 2:17:06 2017 / +0000 GMT
MAJOR TYPES OF OCEAN POLLUTION
1)
Major Types of Ocean Pollutiona)
Oil
Ocean Pollutioni)
Sources(1) Runoff: 363 million gallons/year(2) Routine Maintenance: 137 million gallons/year(3) Air
Pollution: 92 million gallons/year(4) Natural Seeps: 62 million gallons/year(5) Big Spills: 37 million gallons/year(6) Offshore
Drilling:15 million gallons/yearii)
Effects(1) Kills marine animals(a) Destroys a seabird's ability to insulate and they die of
hypothermia(b) Animals die if they swallow it(2) Damages coastal ecosystems, consequences can last decades(a) Covers coast
lines destroying flora and fauna(b) It may take mangroves 50 years to recover(3) Economic impact(a) Economically important
species of shell fish and fin fish are easily killed by oil pollution(b) Devastates local economies dependent on fishingb)
Toxic
Materialsi)
Heavy Metals and slowly degrading chemicals(1) Cadmium, Mercury, Lead ii)
Persistent Organic Pollutants(1)
Dioxin, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)iii) Sources(1) Factory waste(2)
Agriculture(3) Air pollution(4) Household cleaning suppliesiv) Effects(1) Destroy normal immune function(a) Organisms
become susceptible to diseases such as pneumonia an cancer(2) Toxics can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in an ecosystem,
increasing in concentration as they go up the food chain.(a) Top predators, such as orcas and tuna can have extremely high levels
of toxicsc)
Sewage and Eutrophication.i)
Sources(1) Many cities around the world dump their sewage, either treated or
untreated, into the ocean(2) Large vessels, such as cruise ships, can also add substantial amounts of sewage to the environment,
particularly in pristine areas such as Southeast Alaskaii)
Effects(1) Eutrophication: Having waters rich in nutrients that promote
a proliferation of plant life, especially algae,(a) Eutrophication leads to oxygen depletion(i) Sewage increases nutrient levels in
the ocean causing large algae blooms(ii) After the bloom dies, microbes decompose the algae using up all the oxygen in the
water(b) Without oxygen, other organisms, such as fish, die (2) Introduces pathogens (a) Pathogens found in human waste enter
the food web and may, in turn, infect people who eat fish and shellfish from the contaminated area.d) Garbagei)
Sources(1)
Unregulated dumping of garbage from ships and coastal communities(a) It's very hard to enforce bans on ocean dumping(2) 14
Billion pounds of garbage are dumped in the ocean each yearii)
Effects(1) Large pieces of garbage can ensnare marine animals,
killing them(2) Many animals ingest the garbage, which can also kill them.(a) 267 marine species have been reported entangled
in or having ingested marine debris(i) 86% of all sea turtle species, 44% of all sea bird species and 43% of all marine mammal
species(3) Fouls ship motors and other marine machinery.e)
Radioactive Wastei)
Sources(1) Dumping of radioactive
waste at sea is banned, but some is still discharged from coastal facilitiesii)
Effects(1) Not well knownOn land, radioactivity
causes birth defects and cancers such as leukemia
Output as PDF file has been powered by [ Universal Post Manager ] plugin from www.ProfProjects.com
| Page 1/1 |