Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis - Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
U
S
C
9
8
10 Best of Breed
World Class
Country Class
World Class in Industry
Country Class in Industry
5 Very Good performing better than the past
3
1
S
7
6
4
2
C
E
S
Survivor --- tracking with past performance
Fair --- holding its own, no profits
Poor --- has problems and is losing money
Loser --- has major problems, in or near bankruptcy
The Stairway to success
“Move from
compliance/conformance to
performance….the need to be
COMPETITIVE”
Forces for Change
Technology
Faster, cheaper and more reliable
technology
Globalization
Global competitors – WTA, AFTA;
mergers and acquisitions
Economic shocks
Collapse of national economy – Greece;
Portugal
The rise of China; India…
ASEAN 1997 Economic Crisis
Social trends
Female-Male Univ. Std Ratios; Mat
Rempit; Internet-Facebook Mania
Nature of the workforce
Aging population; many new entrants
with inadequate skills
Why Smarter?
Because something meaningful is happening.
The world is
SMALLER.
The world is
FLATTER.
The world is about to get a whole lot
SMARTER.
WHAT DO WE NEED TO BECOME “WORLD CLASS”
INFRASTRUCTURES….TOOLS …EQUIPMENTS
….SYSTEMS AND STRATEGIES
HUMAN…INSAN
NEED TO MANAGE THE POSSIBLE
RADICAL CHANGES…TRANSFORMATION…WE
CRITICALLY NEED TO MAKE QUICK (..instant) AND
ACCURATE DECISIONS AND IN DOING SO WE NEED
VALID AND RELIABLE INFORMATION…fr relevant
impactful research and publications
ch
a r os
se rp
Re Pu e
Pushing
back the
frontiers of
knowledge
Spreading……
….disseminati
ng knowledge
The Publication Challenge
Consider the following statistic:
• The chance that a typical paper of
average quality will get a favorable
recommendation from both referees is
about 11% (= 1/9).
Maintain a stock of papers under review constantly
• If the acceptance rate of the top-ranking journals is
15%, you need about 7 papers under review at all
times to have one paper accepted per year.
• This does not mean that you should write 7 new
papers each year.
• If your goal is to get 10 papers accepted in the first 5
years of your career, you need about a dozen papers
under review at all times.
PUBLICATION
STRATEGIES
Strategy 1
Strategy 1: Understanding feelings about writing
• A survey of 400,000 U.S. faculty revealed 26% spent zero
hours per week writing.
• 27% never published a peer reviewed journal paper.
• 43% had published nothing in the last 2 years.
• 62% never published a book.
• Only 28% had produced two publications in the past two
years.
• Only 25% of faculty spent more than eight hours a week
writing. This was self reported the real number could be much
lower.
• 15% of faculty are productive writers
Strategy 2
Strategy 2:
Collect a pool of potential journals for each article
• For each paper, note the pool of potential
journals.
• Do not submit two papers to the same journal
in two months, especially if the two articles
are related.
• Editors prefer to publish two articles by
different authors.
Target journal
It is beneficial to decide on a target journal during the very early stages of writing an
article, rather than first preparing an article and then considering where to send it.
Analyse potential journals and choose one. Write your article with your target journal in
mind. This is useful because different journals have different perceptions of science as
well as differing opinions on how articles ought to be written. By writing directly for your
target journal, you will ensure the right type of approach and speed up your writing
process. If you wish to be even wiser, you may also choose a secondary target journal for
the case that your primary option fails.
•
When selecting your target journal it is beneficial to conduct an
analysis of the purpose and mission of the journal, and examine
what type of articles they typically publish. Pay special attention
on the topics, the structure and the research methods. Conduct a
deeper analysis on about five recent articles in the target journal.
If the journal does not seem suitable, choose another one and
conduct a similar analysis. Browse through the editorial board and
previous authors and pay attention to their nationalities.
•
Pay attention to the journal’s turnaround time. Turnaround time
means the time from submission to receiving feedback from
reviewers to publication.
Approach different types of journals
• Sending all papers to top journals is risky
• Sending all papers to low-quality journals is
unsatisfactory
• Quantity and quality important.
• Having three papers in different journals is
better than three in one journal, if the relative
quality of the journals is the same.
Keep a record of your publications
• Some effective researchers use a “research log” to:
• 1) Know when to send a reminder to the editor
• 2) Prevent resubmission of a rejected paper to the
same journal and
• 3) Avoid multiple submission of several papers to the
same journal within a short period of time.
Types of Articles
Types of Scholarly Articles
Characteristics of Articles
Type
Description
Research/Empirical Article reporting on the results of one or more studies or
experiments, written by the person(s) who conducted the
research. This is considered one type of primary source.
Look in the title or abstract for words like study, research,
measure, subjects, data, effects, survey, or statistical
which might indicate empirical research.
Case Study
A case study is an account of an activity, event or problem
that contains a real or hypothetical situation and includes
the complexities you would encounter in the workplace.
Case studies are used to help you see how the
complexities of real life influence decisions.
Review
MetaAnalysis
Summarizes the findings of others
studies or experiments; attempts to
identify trends or draw broader
conclusions. Scholarly in nature but not
a primary source or research article,
however its references to other articles
will include primary sources or research
articles.
A meta-analysis is a synthesis of the
results of two or more primary studies
that addressed the same hypothesis in
the same way.
Letters or
Short descriptions of important latest study or
Communicatio research findings which are usually considered
ns
urgent for immediate publication. Examples:
breakthroughs regarding cures or treatments for
previously incurable conditions, or cure for a
particular outbreak of disease, like for example
swine flu.
Theoretical
Containing or referring to a set of abstract
principles related to a specific field of knowledge;
characteristically it does not contain original
empirical research or present experimental data,
although it is scholarly
Applied
Describes technique, work flow, management
or human resources issue.
Professional
Most scholarly journals publish articles that
communications, pertain to the workings of the profession but
Book reviews,
are not 'scholarly' in nature.
Letters to the
Editor
Strategy 3
Strategy 3: Developed Research Based Publications
Generate papers from your research
• Try to generate a couple of papers from the research
process and output:
- Literature Review Stage
- Developing Conceptual Frameworks
- Methodological Issues
- Exploratory Findings Based
- Conclusive Findings Related
• Work with your research teams – research students and
co researchers
International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies Vol: 3, No: 6. June, 2012
ISSN 2156-7506 Available online at http://www.akpinsight.webs.com
A Review on the Role
of Managerial Levers
in Innovation
Management
Suriati Bt Zainal Abidin1
Sany Sanuri Bin Mokhtar2
Rushami Zien Bin Yusof3
1, 2, 3 College of Business
Universiti Utara Malaysia
06010 UUM Sintok,
Kedah Darul Aman, MALAYSIA.
1. Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah & Rushami Zien Yusoff. (2014). The role of human resource management (HRM)
practices in promoting organizational innovation in Malaysian SMEs: Some preliminary findings.
2. “Entrepreneurial Orientation As A Determinant of Organizational Innovation: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian Manufacturing
SMEs”
3. “The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation And Organizational Innovation In Malaysian SMEs: A Proposed
Framework”
4. “The Role Of Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices In Promoting Organizational Innovation In Malaysian SMEs: Some
Preliminary Findings”
5. “Enhancing Organizational Performance of Malaysian SMEs Through Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices And
Organizational Innovative Capability: A Proposed Framework”
6. “Investigating The Role Of Human Resource Management Practices On The Performance of SME: A Conceptual Framework”
7. “The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation And Organizational Innovation: Empirical Evidence From
Malaysian SMEs”
Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah and Rushami Zien Yusoff
8. “The Innovation-Performance Linkage: Empirical Evidence of Malaysian Manufacturing SMEs”
Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah and Rushami Zien Yusoff
Peta KajianTerdahulu
Banyak kajian-kajian yang telah dijalankan mengenai Lean Manufacturing;
Agile
Supply Chain
(Yusuf, 2002)
Jenis
Industri
6 Sigma
TQM
(Keenan, 2006) (Altria, 2009)
(Krishnan, 2007)
(Altria, 2009;
Roy Henrik 2006)
(Radnor,2008; Abdul
Malek 2006;
Abdullah ,2003;
Ezzeddine 2006)
Jenis
Lean Tools
(Lyns,2005; Hutchin, 2007)
(Thalner 2005; Burch 2008;
Ulmer 2008; Abdul Malek,
2006; Greene 2002
Ayonkanbi 2007)
(Dreher 2009;Hutchin,
Kaedah
Pelaksanaan
2007; Greene ,2002;
Kumar, 2006; Lee , 2007;
Koltzenburg.2004;
Tennant, 2000; Weber,
2006)
Inventory Control
Kaedah Penilaian
(Doolen, 2006; Cumbo, 2006)
Lean
Manufacturi
ng
(Parks ,2005;Radnor, 2008; Hutchin 2007;
Weber,2006;Cameron,2009;Hansen,
Nohria, & Tierney, 2001; Kanter, 1997;
Nonanka & Takeuchi, 1995; Polito &
Watson,2006; Todd, 2001 )
Budaya
Organisasi
(Olsen, 2004)
Pretasi Kewangan
(Olsen, 2004; Lyns,2005; Gahagan,2008 )
Prestasi Operasi
(Lyns,2005; Ulmer ,2008)
Prestasi Kualiti
Journal
34
Kumpulan LT kajian-kajian
lepas
Panizzolo
(1998)
• Process and
equipment
• Manufacturin
g
• Planning and
control
• Human
resources
• Product
design
• Supplier
relationships
• Customer
relationships
Cindy
(1999)
• JIT
Purchasing,
• JIT
Production
• JIT Selling
Greene
(2002)
• Throughput
• Flexibility
• Flow
• Kaizen.
Pavnaskar
(2003)
• Sistem
• Objek
• Operasi
• Aktiviti
• Sumber
• Ciri-ciri
Abdulmalek
(2006)
• Kualiti
• Proses
pengeluaran
• Kaedah
35
KERANGKA KAJIAN
Kumpulan Lean Tools
Proses Pengeluaran
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Setup time
Takt time
Mixed model
Cellular
manufacturing
Supermarket
One-piece flow
Pull
Leveling /
Heijunka
Kualiti
1.
2.
3.
4.
Autonomation
Pokayoke
TPM
SPC
Prestasi Operasi
Kaedah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5S
Continuous
improvement
Standardized work
Problem solving team
5 Why
Multi skilled worker
Visual control
Value stream mapping
Budaya
Organisasi
Pembolehubah Bersandar
Dependent Variable (DV)
Moderator Variable (MV)
Pembolehubah Tidak Bersandar
Independent Variable (IV)
36
Sustainable Product
Development
Analysis of Literature Related
Sustainable Product Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Maxwell & Vorst, 2003)
Optimize
Functionality
Optimize
Environmental
Impacts
Optimize
Social Impacts
Optimize
Economic aspects
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Charter, 1998).
Customer
Employee
Stakeholder
Orientation
Suppliers
Share Holders
Society
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006).
Eco design check list
ABC analysis
Environmental
Responsible matrix
Eco Design
Tools
LIDs wheel
Comparing tools
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Hendrik Ny, 2006).
Evaluating
Environmental
impact
Life Cycle
Assessment
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Petrick, & Echols, 2003)
Tech road
mapping
Information
Technology
Supply chain
management
Emphasize
software based to
transform NPD
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Pujari, Wright,& Peattie, 2003)
Enhance
Competitiveness
Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter
New Product
Development
Environmental
issues
& van der Linde, 1995
Sustainable
Product
Development
Increase Sales
Fierman, 1991
Frankel, 1992
Dean et,al, 1995
Engleberg, 1992;
Kolk, 2000
Improved
Customer
Feedback
Closeness to
Customer
Improve
Corporate Image
Sustainable Product Development
(Nasr, & Thurston, 2006).
Product Life Cycle
strategy
Design for re mfg
Product remanufacturing
Sustainable
Product
Development
Optimize Environmental
Impacts
Optimize Social Impacts
Optimize Economic
aspects
Optimize Functionality
Maxwell & Vorst, 2003
Emphasize software
based to transform NPD
Tech road mapping
Supply chain management
Product Life Cycle
strategy
Design for re mfg
Petrick, & Echols, 2003
Pujari et.al, 2003
Enhance
Competitiveness
Fierman, 1991
Increase Sales
Frankel, 1992
Improved
Customer
Feedback
Nasr, & Thurston, 2006
Sustainable Product
Development
Product re-manufacturing
Dean et,al, 1995
Life Cycle Assessment
Hendrik Ny, 2006
Evaluating Environmental
impact
Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006
Charter, 1998
Eco Design Tools
Employee
ABC analysis
Environmental Responsible
matrix
LIDs wheel
Suppliers
Share Holders
Society
Closeness to
Customer
Engleberg, 1992;
Kolk, 2000
Improve
Stakeholder Orientation
Customer
Eco design check list
Comparing tools
Environmental issues
Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter
& van der Linde, 1995
Information Technology
New Product
Development
Improve
Corporate Image
Saraph et al (1989)
Top Mgmt
Role of Quality
Saraph et al (1989)
Dept
Saraph et al (1989)
Crosby (1996)
Deming (1986)
Feigenbaum (1991)
Ishikawa (1985)
Juran (1992)
Organizational
Performance
Samson and Terziovski (1999)
Easton and Jarrel (1998)
Hendriks and Singhal (1997)
Training
Crosby (1996)
Deming (1986)
Feigenbaum (1991)
Ishikawa (1985)
Juran (1992)
Culture
Cost Reduction
Product / Service
Design
Saraph et al (1989)
QM
Supplier Quality
Saraph et al (1989)
Crosby (1996)
Deming (1986)
Feigenbaum (1991)
Ishikawa (1985)
Juran (1992)
Customer
Satisfaction
Employee
Relation
Process Saraph et al (1989)
Improvement
Quality
Data/report
Saraph et al (1989)
Product
Improvement,
Business Productivity
Chang and Lo (2005)
Sun (1999)
Yeung et al (2003)
Poksinska et al (2002)
Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002)
Flynn et al (1995)
Cyert (1993)
Harber et al (1993)
Hendricks and Triplett (1989)
Spitzer (1993)
Competitive
Advantages
Corbett et al (2005)
Han et al (2007)
Financial Performance
Authors
Future Research
Gap
How existing method to an
integrated supporting
framework for sustainable
product development.
Need new challenges for
product development-with
growing awareness of
sustainable issues.
Charter, 1998
Understanding sustainable
impact.
Not aware sustainable issues at
early stage and there always
ignore ethical and social
considerations.
Byggeth & Hochschorner, 2006
Suggest guidelines for design of
strategy toward sustainable.
Environmental is not high
priority and not primary
economically driven.
Maxwell & van der Vorst, 2002
Building sustainable
development at strategy level
will greater improvement.
Sustainable development only
focus on operational rather
than strategy and existing
approach not integrated.
Sustainable product development must
have guidelines at design stage according
to organisation strategy and integrated.
Need new challenges of sustainable
product is design at early stage with
concern TBL issues and applied with
integrated strategy approach.
Hendrik Ny, 2006
Sustainable Product Development
(Developed based on Gap/Future Research)
Sustainable
Product
Development
Design sustainable
product at early
stage (Charter,
1998)
Adopt TBL issues for
sustainable
development and
guidelines (Byggeth &
Hochschorner, 2006
Applied sustainable
development as strategy
approach. (Maxwell &
Vorst, 2002)
Sustainable
development should be
integrated (Maxwell &
Vorst, 2002)
Need new challenges
of sustainable product
development.(Ny,
2006)
FRAME WORK
Sustainable
Product
Development
(ISO 20121)
Design sustainable product
at early stage (Charter,
1998)
Adopt TBL issues for
sustainable
development and
guidelines(Byggeth &
Hochschorner, 2006
Sustainable
development should be
integrated (Maxwell &
Vorst, 2002)
New Challenges of
sustainable product
development.(Ny,
2006)
Applied sustainable
development as strategy
or system approach.
(Maxwell & Vorst, 2002)
Context of
Organization
Leadership
Planning
Support
Operation
4.2 Needs and requirement
4.3 Identification and engagement of interested parties
4.4 Determining the scope of the management system.
4.5 Event sustainability management system
4.6 Sustainable development principles statement of
purpose and
5.2 Management commitment
5.3 Policy
5.4 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities
6.1 Action to address risks and opportunities
6.2 Event sustainability objective and plans to achieve
them.
7.1 Resources
7.2 Competence
7.3 Awareness
7.4 Communication
7.5 Documented information
8.1 Operational planning and control
8.2 Dealing with modified activities, products or services
8.3 Supply chain management
One important deficit found is the lack of
guidance on how the concepts are to be
applied among all actors involved. This
does not ask for more checklist, which
can be quickly applied, but for in-depth
insights on how companies interact to
joint reduce environmental burdens.
(Suering, 2004).
When an organization’s board does not truly
understand and support the kind of complex
organizational change involved in TBL
sustainability, there is a risk that top
management will be replaced with new
leaders who are given new directions by the
board. (Smith & Sharicz, 2011).
A system comprises written information in
the form of instructions and procedures in
order to direct and control some form of
operation (Poksinska et al, 2010).
Performance
Evaluation
9.1 Performance against governing principles of sustainable development
9.2 Monitoring and measurement
9.3 Internal audit
9.4 Management review
Improvement
10.1 Nonconforming and corrective action.
10.2 Continual improvement.
10.3 Evaluating compliance.
Optimize Environmental
Impacts
The organizations are force to be under the
condition of both the ecological
regulation and customer benefit. If one of
them are not fully satisfied the organization,
it could face to difficulty to continue
business (Yasuda and Ishioka, 2009)
Yet the relationship between
environmental and societal factors
on the one hand and quality
management on the other hand is
much less researched (Lagrosen,
2004).
Design for re mfg
Optimize Economic
aspects
Optimize Functionality
Chang and Lo (2005)
Sun (1999)
Product Improvement,
Yeung et al (2003)
Business Productivity
Poksinska et al (2002)
Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002)
Emphasize software
based to transform NPD
Tech road mapping
Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter
& van der Linde, 1995
Information Technology
Petrick, & Echols, 2003
Enhance
Competitiveness
Fierman, 1991
Increase Sales
Frankel, 1992
Improved
Customer
Feedback
Nasr, & Thurston, 2006
Sustainable Product
Development
Product re-manufacturing
Dean et,al, 1995
Life Cycle Assessment
Hendrik Ny, 2006
Evaluating Environmental
impact
Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006
Charter, 1998
Eco Design Tools
Environmental Responsible
matrix
LIDs wheel
Flynn et al (1995)
Cyert (1993)
Harber et al (1993)
Hendricks and Triplett (1989)
Spitzer (1993)
Corbett et al (2005)
Han et al (2007)
Closeness to
Customer
Improve
Corporate Image
Crosby (1996)
Deming (1986)
Feigenbaum (1991)
Ishikawa (1985)
Juran (1992) Top Mgmt
Supplier Quality
Employee
ABC analysis
Competitive
Advantages
Engleberg, 1992;
Kolk, 2000
Improve
Stakeholder Orientation
Customer
Eco design check list
Comparing tools
Samson and Terziovski (1999) Organizational
Easton and Jarrel (1998)
Performance
Hendriks and Singhal (1997)
Maxwell & Vorst, 2003
Supply chain management
Product Life Cycle
strategy
Optimize Social Impacts
Suppliers
Cost Reduction
Customer Satisfaction
QM
Training
Process Improvement
Role
Role of
of Quality
Quality Dept
Dept
Product / Service
Design
Quality Data/report
Employee Relation
Culture
Share Holders
Society
Financial Performance
Optimize Environmental
Impacts
The organizations are force to be under the
condition of both the ecological
regulation and customer benefit. If one of
them are not fully satisfied the organization,
it could face to difficulty to continue
business (Yasuda and Ishioka, 2009)
Yet the relationship between
environmental and societal
factors on the one hand and
quality management on the
other hand is much less
researched (Lagrosen, 2004).
Design for re mfg
Optimize Economic
aspects
Optimize Functionality
Emphasize software
based to transform NPD
Tech road mapping
Enhance
Competitiveness
Product Improvement,
Business Productivity
Fierman, 1991
Increase Sales
Competitive
Advantages
Frankel, 1992
Improved
Customer
Feedback
Financial Performance
Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter
& van der Linde, 1995
Information Technology
Petrick, & Echols, 2003
Nasr, & Thurston, 2006
Sustainable Product
Development
Product re-manufacturing
Dean et,al, 1995
Life Cycle Assessment
Hendrik Ny, 2006
Evaluating Environmental
impact
Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006
Charter, 1998
Eco Design Tools
Closeness to
Customer
Engleberg, 1992;
Kolk, 2000
Improve
Stakeholder Orientation
Improve
Corporate Image
Cost Reduction
Customer Satisfaction
QM
Customer
Eco design check list
Comparing tools
Organizational
Performance
Maxwell & Vorst, 2003
Supply chain management
Product Life Cycle
strategy
Optimize Social Impacts
Employee
ABC analysis
Environmental Responsible
matrix
LIDs wheel
Supplier Quality
Top Mgmt
Training
Process Improvement
Role
Role of
of Quality
Quality Dept
Dept
Product / Service
Design
Quality Data/report
Employee Relation
Culture
Suppliers
Share Holders
Society
FRAME WORK
Customer
Relations
Design Process
Process Approach
Quality
Management
Practices.
Human
Development
Supplier Relations
(Flynn et,al., 1995)
The main challenge for the Malaysia’s
automobile industry is the competition from
the Thailand’s automobile industry in the
areas of production, sales, technology and
product standards. Furthermore, in global
market, Thailand ranks as the 15th largest
vehicle manufacturer in the world (Michael
Shain & David Edmonds,2004).
Wilson et al (2003)
Samson and Terziovski (1999)
Heras et al (2002)
Easton and Jarrel (1998)
Acharya and Ray (2000) Hendriks and Singhal (1997)
Aarts (2001)
Walgenbach (2001).
Business
Performance
Corbett et al (2005)
Han et al (2007)
Ahire et al (1996)
Woodruff, (1997)
Sustainability
Performance
(ISO 20121)
Context of
Organization
Leadership
Support
Operation
Performance
Evaluation
Improvement
A system comprises written information in the form of
instructions and procedures in order to direct and
control some form of operation (Poksinska et al, 2010).
Finance
Performance
Customer
Satisfaction
Kleindorfer et.al (2005)
E. Jones et al, (2000)
Sustainable
Product
Development
Production
Performance
Chang and Lo (2005)
Sun (1999)
Yeung et al (2003)
Poksinska et al (2002)
Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002)
Planning
One important deficit found is the lack of
Guidance on how the concepts are to be
Applied among all actors involved. This
does not ask for more checklist, which can
be quickly applied, but for in-depth insights
on how companies interact to joint reduce
environmental burdens. (Suering, 2004).
When an organization’s board does not truly understand and support
the kind of complex organizational change involved in TBL
sustainability, there is a risk that top management will be replaced with
new leaders who are given new directions by the board. (Smith &
Sharicz, 2011).
Strategy 4
53
Strategy 4: Follow closely
to the principles of writing
r
Principles of Writing
• Unity
• Coherence
• Support
Unity
To achieve unity is to have all the
details in
your paper related to your Goa
thesis.
l
Unity
paragraph level
Unity is
important in:
A paragraph is
unified when all of its
sentences work
towards the same
end.
paper level
An essay is unified when
all of the paragraphs
illustrate, clarify,
explain, support and/or
address
the idea expressed in the
essay's thesis statement.
Coherence
A Key Question is:
does what we’ve written
approach the subject in a
logical way?
The parts must be logically connected
Support
If you
support
the point
with
specific
evidence,
You will have
support in
your paper.
Reasons for major revision or rejection of
Taiwanese journal papers
Writing the manuscript
The hardest
part is
getting started
You don't have to be great
to start,
but you have to start
to be great.
Get going!
General Structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgement
s
References
Write in what order?
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgement
s
References
Introduction
•
•
•
Importance/necessity of study
Write this section in the past or present tense,
never in the future.
–
Avoid expressions like "This study will
examine
this section should contain:
1. Current state of knowledge or understanding
at the beginning of the investigation
(background);
2. A statement of the purpose;
3. hypothesis/hypotheses and predictions.
Back ground
• Introduce the reader to your research, not
summarize and evaluate all past literature
on the subject.
• Save other studies you may be tempted to
discuss for the Discussion, where they
become a powerful tool for comparing and
interpreting your results.
Statement of purpose
• Expresses the central question you
are asking and thus presents the
variable you are investigating….the
gaps
Hypothesis
• The explanation you are proposing
for certain observations.
• It should be accompanied by a
prediction of results.
Methodology
Briefly discuss:
- Research Design
- Population and Sampling
- Data Collection Procedures
- Measurement and Instruments
- Analysis Techniques
Results
Briefly repeating protocols can be effective
Present the results of the study but not interpret their
meaning.
Do not over discuss results.
It is not necessary to describe every step of your statistical
analyses.
Present main findings referring to tables/figures.
Each figure or table included in the paper should be referred.
Follow closely the journal guidelines on figure and table.
Discussion
• analyze the data and relate them to other
studies.
• The Discussion should contain at least:
1. The relationship between the results and the
original hypothesis.
2. An integration of your results with those of
previous studies .
3. Possible explanations for unexpected results
and observations.
Discussion
• Avoid redundancy between the Results and the
Discussion section.
• End the Discussion with a summary of the
principal points you want the reader to
remember.
• Do not end with:
– the tired cliche’ that
"this problem needs more study."
– What you wish you had done..
Introduction & Discussion
References
• Relevant and recent
• Be highly selective
• Read the references
• Do not misquote
• Use correct style for journal
Abstract
•
•
•
•
Critical part of paper
State main objective
State briefly the methodology
Summarize most important results
and contributions
Write and rewrite until flawless!!
Title
• The title will determines whether paper gets
read
• Uses keywords that researchers in a
particular field will recognize
• Avoid long title (see journal rules) and
abbreviations
English as a reason for rejection
• Some editors simply reject papers that are too
poorly written to send for review. They have
many other options
• Editor, Journal of Retailing remark
“Maybe there are some good ideas in the
paper, but after a couple pages with mistakes, I
just don’t care”
• Send for professional editing and proof reading…
Invest
Use professional editorial assistance
• Particularly if you are not a native English
speaker
• Editors will not publish papers with
grammatical errors.
• Referees are often biased; they have an excuse
to recommend rejection with grammatical
errors
Revision (Continued)
• “If you don't proofread your own introduction,
why expect the referees to spot and correct all
the errors?”
• “You should always check spelling before
submission. But there are no substitutes for
reading the papers personally. Spelling
checkers do not check word meanings.”
Reasons for major revision or rejection of
Taiwanese journal papers
Strategy 5
Strategy 5:
Practice research like sports…golf
• Researchers talked about the methods, writing,
grammar, and other parts of their paper like a golf
player talking about different golf club swings.
• Beautiful swings are great but a few bad hits can
disqualify you.
• Researchers watch and improve the weaknesses in
their publishing game like an athlete perfecting his
sport
Quote on specific skills
“Traditionally my introduction is a bit weak; I
have a challenge selling the problem to
reviewers. I’ve got to be able to present the
problem better if I want people to be
interested in my solution. I’m getting better
but I’m constantly aware that this is a
weakness, and I need to practice to improve.” –
Mechanical Engineering Professor # 31
Imitate skillful writers
Read how successful writers introduce their
topic and cite literature
• Imitate their words and phrases, and modify
them to suit your topic
• Create a file of template sentences
Strategy 6
Strategy 6:
Dramatize process by creating mental
models
• Researchers see their writing and researching
in dramatic terms.
• Some use strong metaphors to create exciting
mental pictures to encourage themselves and
their research and writing.
“The great struggle”
Model of building a house
Killing a monster
Strategy 7
Strategy 7: Manage Rejection
• When rejected, try again
• Even Nobel Laureates get rejection letters.
• You may need to play “ping pong” with the paper.
Submit the paper to another journal within one
month.
• You do not have to revise a paper every time it is
rejected. But if a paper is rejected 4 times, there is a
serious flaw in the paper. Find and fix the problem.
• Why? The same referee might get it again.
Emotions on rejected paper
•
•
•
•
•
1) Depression
2) Anger at editor.
3) Anger at system.
4) Consider changing job.
5) Reviewing manuscripts and deciding the
reviewers had points
Everyone gets rejected
• Your options:
• Abandon the article.
• Send the article with no changes to another
journal.
• Revise the article and send it to another
journal.
• Protest the decision and try to resubmit the
article to the rejecting journal
Eliminate any trace of prior rejections
•
•
•
•
Do not show when the paper was first
written.
Do not show how many times the paper has
been revised.
Document property check
Add current references
Do not waste time on dead or dying topics
• If your most recent references are ten years old, it is a dead
issue.
• If the most recent references closely related to your paper are
5 years old, it is a dying issue.
• It is also difficult for the editor to find suitable referees for
outdated topics.
• Your inability to find enough references indicates
– You have not read the literature.
– Others are not interested in the topic, so, it is unlikely to get
published.
Avoid the journals which consistently reject your
papers
Temporarily avoid journals which always reject you
The editor still remembers bad comments about your papers.
Wait until a new editor is appointed.
If you think there is prejudice on the basis of sex, race, or
nationality, you may consider using initials instead of
spelling out the first and middle names.
First and middle names, as well as last name, often reveal the
sex, race, or nationality of the authors.
You may write your full name after the paper is accepted.
When should you start contacting the editor
about your paper?
•
•
•
•
After three months once a month
Four months twice a month
Six months every day
The longer the review takes, the less chance you
have a publishing-reviewers may be negative
• Internal fighting in Journal
• You may want to consider withdrawing to another
journal
• Editor’s feedback is key in making this decision
Reminder e-mail to editor
• “I’m just e-mailing to inquire about the status
of my article titled______, which I submitted
to your journal on ( date ).”
• Don’t get angrier over time, just keep sending
the same e-mail more often
• Sometimes editors appreciate the reminder
Strategy 8
Strategy 8:
Writers write (and don’t always enjoy it.)
• Common misunderstanding that good writers
enjoy writing
• Many hate writing. But enjoyed the results.
• Forced themselves into a daily writing routine.
Planning vs. Action
• Talking about writing isn’t writing. Thinking about
writing isn’t writing. Dreaming isn’t writing. Neither
are outlining, researching, or taking notes. All these
may be necessary to getting a project completed, but
only writing is writing.
• Pen to paper, fingers to keyboard
Researchers learn motivation for writing
about their topic.
• Reseachers first forced themselves to write
and later developed an interest in writing.
Building the Writing Habit
•
•
•
•
The same time.
The same place.
Carry a notebook
Quiet place. Get rid of rid of negative
thoughts.
• Sit alone in silence.
• Ideas, not grammar, for the first draft.
Rewrite.
Do not wait to write until you finish reading
everything
Many researchers use the excuse of more reading to
prevent writing themselves.
You can’t read every paper ever written on a subject.
Remember your goal is to write and publish a paper,
not to read everything.
If you read a dozen papers on a topic, you should have
enough material to start writing a paper. Add your
own ideas to this base of knowledge.
Strategy 9
Strategy 9:
Writers use the competitive, political and supportive
energy of other researchers.
• Supportive energy: Support groups ….organize writing
workshops
• Competitive energy: Researchers compare themselves with
other researchers and keep score
• Political: Researchers are political.
• The negative side is that half of peer reviewed articles in top
rated journals are never referenced by anyone, including the
author. This shows that low impact papers are often published
in the best journals because the articles are reviewed by
friends of the author. (Holub, Tappeiner, and Eberharter, SEJ
1991).
Strategy 1: Understanding feelings about
writing
Strategy 2:
Collect a pool of potential journals for each
article
Strategy 3: Developed Research Based
Publications
Generate papers from your research
Strategy 4: Follow closely to the
principles of writing
Strategy 5:
Practice research like sports…golf
Strategy 6:
Dramatize process by creating mental models
Strategy 7: Manage Rejection
Strategy 8:
Writers write (and don’t always enjoy it.)
Strategy 9:
Writers use the competitive, political and
supportive energy of other researchers.
THANK YOU
S
C
9
8
10 Best of Breed
World Class
Country Class
World Class in Industry
Country Class in Industry
5 Very Good performing better than the past
3
1
S
7
6
4
2
C
E
S
Survivor --- tracking with past performance
Fair --- holding its own, no profits
Poor --- has problems and is losing money
Loser --- has major problems, in or near bankruptcy
The Stairway to success
“Move from
compliance/conformance to
performance….the need to be
COMPETITIVE”
Forces for Change
Technology
Faster, cheaper and more reliable
technology
Globalization
Global competitors – WTA, AFTA;
mergers and acquisitions
Economic shocks
Collapse of national economy – Greece;
Portugal
The rise of China; India…
ASEAN 1997 Economic Crisis
Social trends
Female-Male Univ. Std Ratios; Mat
Rempit; Internet-Facebook Mania
Nature of the workforce
Aging population; many new entrants
with inadequate skills
Why Smarter?
Because something meaningful is happening.
The world is
SMALLER.
The world is
FLATTER.
The world is about to get a whole lot
SMARTER.
WHAT DO WE NEED TO BECOME “WORLD CLASS”
INFRASTRUCTURES….TOOLS …EQUIPMENTS
….SYSTEMS AND STRATEGIES
HUMAN…INSAN
NEED TO MANAGE THE POSSIBLE
RADICAL CHANGES…TRANSFORMATION…WE
CRITICALLY NEED TO MAKE QUICK (..instant) AND
ACCURATE DECISIONS AND IN DOING SO WE NEED
VALID AND RELIABLE INFORMATION…fr relevant
impactful research and publications
ch
a r os
se rp
Re Pu e
Pushing
back the
frontiers of
knowledge
Spreading……
….disseminati
ng knowledge
The Publication Challenge
Consider the following statistic:
• The chance that a typical paper of
average quality will get a favorable
recommendation from both referees is
about 11% (= 1/9).
Maintain a stock of papers under review constantly
• If the acceptance rate of the top-ranking journals is
15%, you need about 7 papers under review at all
times to have one paper accepted per year.
• This does not mean that you should write 7 new
papers each year.
• If your goal is to get 10 papers accepted in the first 5
years of your career, you need about a dozen papers
under review at all times.
PUBLICATION
STRATEGIES
Strategy 1
Strategy 1: Understanding feelings about writing
• A survey of 400,000 U.S. faculty revealed 26% spent zero
hours per week writing.
• 27% never published a peer reviewed journal paper.
• 43% had published nothing in the last 2 years.
• 62% never published a book.
• Only 28% had produced two publications in the past two
years.
• Only 25% of faculty spent more than eight hours a week
writing. This was self reported the real number could be much
lower.
• 15% of faculty are productive writers
Strategy 2
Strategy 2:
Collect a pool of potential journals for each article
• For each paper, note the pool of potential
journals.
• Do not submit two papers to the same journal
in two months, especially if the two articles
are related.
• Editors prefer to publish two articles by
different authors.
Target journal
It is beneficial to decide on a target journal during the very early stages of writing an
article, rather than first preparing an article and then considering where to send it.
Analyse potential journals and choose one. Write your article with your target journal in
mind. This is useful because different journals have different perceptions of science as
well as differing opinions on how articles ought to be written. By writing directly for your
target journal, you will ensure the right type of approach and speed up your writing
process. If you wish to be even wiser, you may also choose a secondary target journal for
the case that your primary option fails.
•
When selecting your target journal it is beneficial to conduct an
analysis of the purpose and mission of the journal, and examine
what type of articles they typically publish. Pay special attention
on the topics, the structure and the research methods. Conduct a
deeper analysis on about five recent articles in the target journal.
If the journal does not seem suitable, choose another one and
conduct a similar analysis. Browse through the editorial board and
previous authors and pay attention to their nationalities.
•
Pay attention to the journal’s turnaround time. Turnaround time
means the time from submission to receiving feedback from
reviewers to publication.
Approach different types of journals
• Sending all papers to top journals is risky
• Sending all papers to low-quality journals is
unsatisfactory
• Quantity and quality important.
• Having three papers in different journals is
better than three in one journal, if the relative
quality of the journals is the same.
Keep a record of your publications
• Some effective researchers use a “research log” to:
• 1) Know when to send a reminder to the editor
• 2) Prevent resubmission of a rejected paper to the
same journal and
• 3) Avoid multiple submission of several papers to the
same journal within a short period of time.
Types of Articles
Types of Scholarly Articles
Characteristics of Articles
Type
Description
Research/Empirical Article reporting on the results of one or more studies or
experiments, written by the person(s) who conducted the
research. This is considered one type of primary source.
Look in the title or abstract for words like study, research,
measure, subjects, data, effects, survey, or statistical
which might indicate empirical research.
Case Study
A case study is an account of an activity, event or problem
that contains a real or hypothetical situation and includes
the complexities you would encounter in the workplace.
Case studies are used to help you see how the
complexities of real life influence decisions.
Review
MetaAnalysis
Summarizes the findings of others
studies or experiments; attempts to
identify trends or draw broader
conclusions. Scholarly in nature but not
a primary source or research article,
however its references to other articles
will include primary sources or research
articles.
A meta-analysis is a synthesis of the
results of two or more primary studies
that addressed the same hypothesis in
the same way.
Letters or
Short descriptions of important latest study or
Communicatio research findings which are usually considered
ns
urgent for immediate publication. Examples:
breakthroughs regarding cures or treatments for
previously incurable conditions, or cure for a
particular outbreak of disease, like for example
swine flu.
Theoretical
Containing or referring to a set of abstract
principles related to a specific field of knowledge;
characteristically it does not contain original
empirical research or present experimental data,
although it is scholarly
Applied
Describes technique, work flow, management
or human resources issue.
Professional
Most scholarly journals publish articles that
communications, pertain to the workings of the profession but
Book reviews,
are not 'scholarly' in nature.
Letters to the
Editor
Strategy 3
Strategy 3: Developed Research Based Publications
Generate papers from your research
• Try to generate a couple of papers from the research
process and output:
- Literature Review Stage
- Developing Conceptual Frameworks
- Methodological Issues
- Exploratory Findings Based
- Conclusive Findings Related
• Work with your research teams – research students and
co researchers
International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies Vol: 3, No: 6. June, 2012
ISSN 2156-7506 Available online at http://www.akpinsight.webs.com
A Review on the Role
of Managerial Levers
in Innovation
Management
Suriati Bt Zainal Abidin1
Sany Sanuri Bin Mokhtar2
Rushami Zien Bin Yusof3
1, 2, 3 College of Business
Universiti Utara Malaysia
06010 UUM Sintok,
Kedah Darul Aman, MALAYSIA.
1. Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah & Rushami Zien Yusoff. (2014). The role of human resource management (HRM)
practices in promoting organizational innovation in Malaysian SMEs: Some preliminary findings.
2. “Entrepreneurial Orientation As A Determinant of Organizational Innovation: Empirical Evidence From Malaysian Manufacturing
SMEs”
3. “The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation And Organizational Innovation In Malaysian SMEs: A Proposed
Framework”
4. “The Role Of Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices In Promoting Organizational Innovation In Malaysian SMEs: Some
Preliminary Findings”
5. “Enhancing Organizational Performance of Malaysian SMEs Through Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices And
Organizational Innovative Capability: A Proposed Framework”
6. “Investigating The Role Of Human Resource Management Practices On The Performance of SME: A Conceptual Framework”
7. “The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation And Organizational Innovation: Empirical Evidence From
Malaysian SMEs”
Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah and Rushami Zien Yusoff
8. “The Innovation-Performance Linkage: Empirical Evidence of Malaysian Manufacturing SMEs”
Nazlina Zakaria, Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah and Rushami Zien Yusoff
Peta KajianTerdahulu
Banyak kajian-kajian yang telah dijalankan mengenai Lean Manufacturing;
Agile
Supply Chain
(Yusuf, 2002)
Jenis
Industri
6 Sigma
TQM
(Keenan, 2006) (Altria, 2009)
(Krishnan, 2007)
(Altria, 2009;
Roy Henrik 2006)
(Radnor,2008; Abdul
Malek 2006;
Abdullah ,2003;
Ezzeddine 2006)
Jenis
Lean Tools
(Lyns,2005; Hutchin, 2007)
(Thalner 2005; Burch 2008;
Ulmer 2008; Abdul Malek,
2006; Greene 2002
Ayonkanbi 2007)
(Dreher 2009;Hutchin,
Kaedah
Pelaksanaan
2007; Greene ,2002;
Kumar, 2006; Lee , 2007;
Koltzenburg.2004;
Tennant, 2000; Weber,
2006)
Inventory Control
Kaedah Penilaian
(Doolen, 2006; Cumbo, 2006)
Lean
Manufacturi
ng
(Parks ,2005;Radnor, 2008; Hutchin 2007;
Weber,2006;Cameron,2009;Hansen,
Nohria, & Tierney, 2001; Kanter, 1997;
Nonanka & Takeuchi, 1995; Polito &
Watson,2006; Todd, 2001 )
Budaya
Organisasi
(Olsen, 2004)
Pretasi Kewangan
(Olsen, 2004; Lyns,2005; Gahagan,2008 )
Prestasi Operasi
(Lyns,2005; Ulmer ,2008)
Prestasi Kualiti
Journal
34
Kumpulan LT kajian-kajian
lepas
Panizzolo
(1998)
• Process and
equipment
• Manufacturin
g
• Planning and
control
• Human
resources
• Product
design
• Supplier
relationships
• Customer
relationships
Cindy
(1999)
• JIT
Purchasing,
• JIT
Production
• JIT Selling
Greene
(2002)
• Throughput
• Flexibility
• Flow
• Kaizen.
Pavnaskar
(2003)
• Sistem
• Objek
• Operasi
• Aktiviti
• Sumber
• Ciri-ciri
Abdulmalek
(2006)
• Kualiti
• Proses
pengeluaran
• Kaedah
35
KERANGKA KAJIAN
Kumpulan Lean Tools
Proses Pengeluaran
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Setup time
Takt time
Mixed model
Cellular
manufacturing
Supermarket
One-piece flow
Pull
Leveling /
Heijunka
Kualiti
1.
2.
3.
4.
Autonomation
Pokayoke
TPM
SPC
Prestasi Operasi
Kaedah
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5S
Continuous
improvement
Standardized work
Problem solving team
5 Why
Multi skilled worker
Visual control
Value stream mapping
Budaya
Organisasi
Pembolehubah Bersandar
Dependent Variable (DV)
Moderator Variable (MV)
Pembolehubah Tidak Bersandar
Independent Variable (IV)
36
Sustainable Product
Development
Analysis of Literature Related
Sustainable Product Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Maxwell & Vorst, 2003)
Optimize
Functionality
Optimize
Environmental
Impacts
Optimize
Social Impacts
Optimize
Economic aspects
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Charter, 1998).
Customer
Employee
Stakeholder
Orientation
Suppliers
Share Holders
Society
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006).
Eco design check list
ABC analysis
Environmental
Responsible matrix
Eco Design
Tools
LIDs wheel
Comparing tools
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Hendrik Ny, 2006).
Evaluating
Environmental
impact
Life Cycle
Assessment
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Petrick, & Echols, 2003)
Tech road
mapping
Information
Technology
Supply chain
management
Emphasize
software based to
transform NPD
Sustainable
Product
Development
Sustainable Product Development
(Pujari, Wright,& Peattie, 2003)
Enhance
Competitiveness
Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter
New Product
Development
Environmental
issues
& van der Linde, 1995
Sustainable
Product
Development
Increase Sales
Fierman, 1991
Frankel, 1992
Dean et,al, 1995
Engleberg, 1992;
Kolk, 2000
Improved
Customer
Feedback
Closeness to
Customer
Improve
Corporate Image
Sustainable Product Development
(Nasr, & Thurston, 2006).
Product Life Cycle
strategy
Design for re mfg
Product remanufacturing
Sustainable
Product
Development
Optimize Environmental
Impacts
Optimize Social Impacts
Optimize Economic
aspects
Optimize Functionality
Maxwell & Vorst, 2003
Emphasize software
based to transform NPD
Tech road mapping
Supply chain management
Product Life Cycle
strategy
Design for re mfg
Petrick, & Echols, 2003
Pujari et.al, 2003
Enhance
Competitiveness
Fierman, 1991
Increase Sales
Frankel, 1992
Improved
Customer
Feedback
Nasr, & Thurston, 2006
Sustainable Product
Development
Product re-manufacturing
Dean et,al, 1995
Life Cycle Assessment
Hendrik Ny, 2006
Evaluating Environmental
impact
Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006
Charter, 1998
Eco Design Tools
Employee
ABC analysis
Environmental Responsible
matrix
LIDs wheel
Suppliers
Share Holders
Society
Closeness to
Customer
Engleberg, 1992;
Kolk, 2000
Improve
Stakeholder Orientation
Customer
Eco design check list
Comparing tools
Environmental issues
Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter
& van der Linde, 1995
Information Technology
New Product
Development
Improve
Corporate Image
Saraph et al (1989)
Top Mgmt
Role of Quality
Saraph et al (1989)
Dept
Saraph et al (1989)
Crosby (1996)
Deming (1986)
Feigenbaum (1991)
Ishikawa (1985)
Juran (1992)
Organizational
Performance
Samson and Terziovski (1999)
Easton and Jarrel (1998)
Hendriks and Singhal (1997)
Training
Crosby (1996)
Deming (1986)
Feigenbaum (1991)
Ishikawa (1985)
Juran (1992)
Culture
Cost Reduction
Product / Service
Design
Saraph et al (1989)
QM
Supplier Quality
Saraph et al (1989)
Crosby (1996)
Deming (1986)
Feigenbaum (1991)
Ishikawa (1985)
Juran (1992)
Customer
Satisfaction
Employee
Relation
Process Saraph et al (1989)
Improvement
Quality
Data/report
Saraph et al (1989)
Product
Improvement,
Business Productivity
Chang and Lo (2005)
Sun (1999)
Yeung et al (2003)
Poksinska et al (2002)
Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002)
Flynn et al (1995)
Cyert (1993)
Harber et al (1993)
Hendricks and Triplett (1989)
Spitzer (1993)
Competitive
Advantages
Corbett et al (2005)
Han et al (2007)
Financial Performance
Authors
Future Research
Gap
How existing method to an
integrated supporting
framework for sustainable
product development.
Need new challenges for
product development-with
growing awareness of
sustainable issues.
Charter, 1998
Understanding sustainable
impact.
Not aware sustainable issues at
early stage and there always
ignore ethical and social
considerations.
Byggeth & Hochschorner, 2006
Suggest guidelines for design of
strategy toward sustainable.
Environmental is not high
priority and not primary
economically driven.
Maxwell & van der Vorst, 2002
Building sustainable
development at strategy level
will greater improvement.
Sustainable development only
focus on operational rather
than strategy and existing
approach not integrated.
Sustainable product development must
have guidelines at design stage according
to organisation strategy and integrated.
Need new challenges of sustainable
product is design at early stage with
concern TBL issues and applied with
integrated strategy approach.
Hendrik Ny, 2006
Sustainable Product Development
(Developed based on Gap/Future Research)
Sustainable
Product
Development
Design sustainable
product at early
stage (Charter,
1998)
Adopt TBL issues for
sustainable
development and
guidelines (Byggeth &
Hochschorner, 2006
Applied sustainable
development as strategy
approach. (Maxwell &
Vorst, 2002)
Sustainable
development should be
integrated (Maxwell &
Vorst, 2002)
Need new challenges
of sustainable product
development.(Ny,
2006)
FRAME WORK
Sustainable
Product
Development
(ISO 20121)
Design sustainable product
at early stage (Charter,
1998)
Adopt TBL issues for
sustainable
development and
guidelines(Byggeth &
Hochschorner, 2006
Sustainable
development should be
integrated (Maxwell &
Vorst, 2002)
New Challenges of
sustainable product
development.(Ny,
2006)
Applied sustainable
development as strategy
or system approach.
(Maxwell & Vorst, 2002)
Context of
Organization
Leadership
Planning
Support
Operation
4.2 Needs and requirement
4.3 Identification and engagement of interested parties
4.4 Determining the scope of the management system.
4.5 Event sustainability management system
4.6 Sustainable development principles statement of
purpose and
5.2 Management commitment
5.3 Policy
5.4 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities
6.1 Action to address risks and opportunities
6.2 Event sustainability objective and plans to achieve
them.
7.1 Resources
7.2 Competence
7.3 Awareness
7.4 Communication
7.5 Documented information
8.1 Operational planning and control
8.2 Dealing with modified activities, products or services
8.3 Supply chain management
One important deficit found is the lack of
guidance on how the concepts are to be
applied among all actors involved. This
does not ask for more checklist, which
can be quickly applied, but for in-depth
insights on how companies interact to
joint reduce environmental burdens.
(Suering, 2004).
When an organization’s board does not truly
understand and support the kind of complex
organizational change involved in TBL
sustainability, there is a risk that top
management will be replaced with new
leaders who are given new directions by the
board. (Smith & Sharicz, 2011).
A system comprises written information in
the form of instructions and procedures in
order to direct and control some form of
operation (Poksinska et al, 2010).
Performance
Evaluation
9.1 Performance against governing principles of sustainable development
9.2 Monitoring and measurement
9.3 Internal audit
9.4 Management review
Improvement
10.1 Nonconforming and corrective action.
10.2 Continual improvement.
10.3 Evaluating compliance.
Optimize Environmental
Impacts
The organizations are force to be under the
condition of both the ecological
regulation and customer benefit. If one of
them are not fully satisfied the organization,
it could face to difficulty to continue
business (Yasuda and Ishioka, 2009)
Yet the relationship between
environmental and societal factors
on the one hand and quality
management on the other hand is
much less researched (Lagrosen,
2004).
Design for re mfg
Optimize Economic
aspects
Optimize Functionality
Chang and Lo (2005)
Sun (1999)
Product Improvement,
Yeung et al (2003)
Business Productivity
Poksinska et al (2002)
Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002)
Emphasize software
based to transform NPD
Tech road mapping
Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter
& van der Linde, 1995
Information Technology
Petrick, & Echols, 2003
Enhance
Competitiveness
Fierman, 1991
Increase Sales
Frankel, 1992
Improved
Customer
Feedback
Nasr, & Thurston, 2006
Sustainable Product
Development
Product re-manufacturing
Dean et,al, 1995
Life Cycle Assessment
Hendrik Ny, 2006
Evaluating Environmental
impact
Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006
Charter, 1998
Eco Design Tools
Environmental Responsible
matrix
LIDs wheel
Flynn et al (1995)
Cyert (1993)
Harber et al (1993)
Hendricks and Triplett (1989)
Spitzer (1993)
Corbett et al (2005)
Han et al (2007)
Closeness to
Customer
Improve
Corporate Image
Crosby (1996)
Deming (1986)
Feigenbaum (1991)
Ishikawa (1985)
Juran (1992) Top Mgmt
Supplier Quality
Employee
ABC analysis
Competitive
Advantages
Engleberg, 1992;
Kolk, 2000
Improve
Stakeholder Orientation
Customer
Eco design check list
Comparing tools
Samson and Terziovski (1999) Organizational
Easton and Jarrel (1998)
Performance
Hendriks and Singhal (1997)
Maxwell & Vorst, 2003
Supply chain management
Product Life Cycle
strategy
Optimize Social Impacts
Suppliers
Cost Reduction
Customer Satisfaction
QM
Training
Process Improvement
Role
Role of
of Quality
Quality Dept
Dept
Product / Service
Design
Quality Data/report
Employee Relation
Culture
Share Holders
Society
Financial Performance
Optimize Environmental
Impacts
The organizations are force to be under the
condition of both the ecological
regulation and customer benefit. If one of
them are not fully satisfied the organization,
it could face to difficulty to continue
business (Yasuda and Ishioka, 2009)
Yet the relationship between
environmental and societal
factors on the one hand and
quality management on the
other hand is much less
researched (Lagrosen, 2004).
Design for re mfg
Optimize Economic
aspects
Optimize Functionality
Emphasize software
based to transform NPD
Tech road mapping
Enhance
Competitiveness
Product Improvement,
Business Productivity
Fierman, 1991
Increase Sales
Competitive
Advantages
Frankel, 1992
Improved
Customer
Feedback
Financial Performance
Miles & Munilla, 1993; Porter
& van der Linde, 1995
Information Technology
Petrick, & Echols, 2003
Nasr, & Thurston, 2006
Sustainable Product
Development
Product re-manufacturing
Dean et,al, 1995
Life Cycle Assessment
Hendrik Ny, 2006
Evaluating Environmental
impact
Byggeth, & Hochschorner, 2006
Charter, 1998
Eco Design Tools
Closeness to
Customer
Engleberg, 1992;
Kolk, 2000
Improve
Stakeholder Orientation
Improve
Corporate Image
Cost Reduction
Customer Satisfaction
QM
Customer
Eco design check list
Comparing tools
Organizational
Performance
Maxwell & Vorst, 2003
Supply chain management
Product Life Cycle
strategy
Optimize Social Impacts
Employee
ABC analysis
Environmental Responsible
matrix
LIDs wheel
Supplier Quality
Top Mgmt
Training
Process Improvement
Role
Role of
of Quality
Quality Dept
Dept
Product / Service
Design
Quality Data/report
Employee Relation
Culture
Suppliers
Share Holders
Society
FRAME WORK
Customer
Relations
Design Process
Process Approach
Quality
Management
Practices.
Human
Development
Supplier Relations
(Flynn et,al., 1995)
The main challenge for the Malaysia’s
automobile industry is the competition from
the Thailand’s automobile industry in the
areas of production, sales, technology and
product standards. Furthermore, in global
market, Thailand ranks as the 15th largest
vehicle manufacturer in the world (Michael
Shain & David Edmonds,2004).
Wilson et al (2003)
Samson and Terziovski (1999)
Heras et al (2002)
Easton and Jarrel (1998)
Acharya and Ray (2000) Hendriks and Singhal (1997)
Aarts (2001)
Walgenbach (2001).
Business
Performance
Corbett et al (2005)
Han et al (2007)
Ahire et al (1996)
Woodruff, (1997)
Sustainability
Performance
(ISO 20121)
Context of
Organization
Leadership
Support
Operation
Performance
Evaluation
Improvement
A system comprises written information in the form of
instructions and procedures in order to direct and
control some form of operation (Poksinska et al, 2010).
Finance
Performance
Customer
Satisfaction
Kleindorfer et.al (2005)
E. Jones et al, (2000)
Sustainable
Product
Development
Production
Performance
Chang and Lo (2005)
Sun (1999)
Yeung et al (2003)
Poksinska et al (2002)
Gotzamani and Tsiotras (2002)
Planning
One important deficit found is the lack of
Guidance on how the concepts are to be
Applied among all actors involved. This
does not ask for more checklist, which can
be quickly applied, but for in-depth insights
on how companies interact to joint reduce
environmental burdens. (Suering, 2004).
When an organization’s board does not truly understand and support
the kind of complex organizational change involved in TBL
sustainability, there is a risk that top management will be replaced with
new leaders who are given new directions by the board. (Smith &
Sharicz, 2011).
Strategy 4
53
Strategy 4: Follow closely
to the principles of writing
r
Principles of Writing
• Unity
• Coherence
• Support
Unity
To achieve unity is to have all the
details in
your paper related to your Goa
thesis.
l
Unity
paragraph level
Unity is
important in:
A paragraph is
unified when all of its
sentences work
towards the same
end.
paper level
An essay is unified when
all of the paragraphs
illustrate, clarify,
explain, support and/or
address
the idea expressed in the
essay's thesis statement.
Coherence
A Key Question is:
does what we’ve written
approach the subject in a
logical way?
The parts must be logically connected
Support
If you
support
the point
with
specific
evidence,
You will have
support in
your paper.
Reasons for major revision or rejection of
Taiwanese journal papers
Writing the manuscript
The hardest
part is
getting started
You don't have to be great
to start,
but you have to start
to be great.
Get going!
General Structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgement
s
References
Write in what order?
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgement
s
References
Introduction
•
•
•
Importance/necessity of study
Write this section in the past or present tense,
never in the future.
–
Avoid expressions like "This study will
examine
this section should contain:
1. Current state of knowledge or understanding
at the beginning of the investigation
(background);
2. A statement of the purpose;
3. hypothesis/hypotheses and predictions.
Back ground
• Introduce the reader to your research, not
summarize and evaluate all past literature
on the subject.
• Save other studies you may be tempted to
discuss for the Discussion, where they
become a powerful tool for comparing and
interpreting your results.
Statement of purpose
• Expresses the central question you
are asking and thus presents the
variable you are investigating….the
gaps
Hypothesis
• The explanation you are proposing
for certain observations.
• It should be accompanied by a
prediction of results.
Methodology
Briefly discuss:
- Research Design
- Population and Sampling
- Data Collection Procedures
- Measurement and Instruments
- Analysis Techniques
Results
Briefly repeating protocols can be effective
Present the results of the study but not interpret their
meaning.
Do not over discuss results.
It is not necessary to describe every step of your statistical
analyses.
Present main findings referring to tables/figures.
Each figure or table included in the paper should be referred.
Follow closely the journal guidelines on figure and table.
Discussion
• analyze the data and relate them to other
studies.
• The Discussion should contain at least:
1. The relationship between the results and the
original hypothesis.
2. An integration of your results with those of
previous studies .
3. Possible explanations for unexpected results
and observations.
Discussion
• Avoid redundancy between the Results and the
Discussion section.
• End the Discussion with a summary of the
principal points you want the reader to
remember.
• Do not end with:
– the tired cliche’ that
"this problem needs more study."
– What you wish you had done..
Introduction & Discussion
References
• Relevant and recent
• Be highly selective
• Read the references
• Do not misquote
• Use correct style for journal
Abstract
•
•
•
•
Critical part of paper
State main objective
State briefly the methodology
Summarize most important results
and contributions
Write and rewrite until flawless!!
Title
• The title will determines whether paper gets
read
• Uses keywords that researchers in a
particular field will recognize
• Avoid long title (see journal rules) and
abbreviations
English as a reason for rejection
• Some editors simply reject papers that are too
poorly written to send for review. They have
many other options
• Editor, Journal of Retailing remark
“Maybe there are some good ideas in the
paper, but after a couple pages with mistakes, I
just don’t care”
• Send for professional editing and proof reading…
Invest
Use professional editorial assistance
• Particularly if you are not a native English
speaker
• Editors will not publish papers with
grammatical errors.
• Referees are often biased; they have an excuse
to recommend rejection with grammatical
errors
Revision (Continued)
• “If you don't proofread your own introduction,
why expect the referees to spot and correct all
the errors?”
• “You should always check spelling before
submission. But there are no substitutes for
reading the papers personally. Spelling
checkers do not check word meanings.”
Reasons for major revision or rejection of
Taiwanese journal papers
Strategy 5
Strategy 5:
Practice research like sports…golf
• Researchers talked about the methods, writing,
grammar, and other parts of their paper like a golf
player talking about different golf club swings.
• Beautiful swings are great but a few bad hits can
disqualify you.
• Researchers watch and improve the weaknesses in
their publishing game like an athlete perfecting his
sport
Quote on specific skills
“Traditionally my introduction is a bit weak; I
have a challenge selling the problem to
reviewers. I’ve got to be able to present the
problem better if I want people to be
interested in my solution. I’m getting better
but I’m constantly aware that this is a
weakness, and I need to practice to improve.” –
Mechanical Engineering Professor # 31
Imitate skillful writers
Read how successful writers introduce their
topic and cite literature
• Imitate their words and phrases, and modify
them to suit your topic
• Create a file of template sentences
Strategy 6
Strategy 6:
Dramatize process by creating mental
models
• Researchers see their writing and researching
in dramatic terms.
• Some use strong metaphors to create exciting
mental pictures to encourage themselves and
their research and writing.
“The great struggle”
Model of building a house
Killing a monster
Strategy 7
Strategy 7: Manage Rejection
• When rejected, try again
• Even Nobel Laureates get rejection letters.
• You may need to play “ping pong” with the paper.
Submit the paper to another journal within one
month.
• You do not have to revise a paper every time it is
rejected. But if a paper is rejected 4 times, there is a
serious flaw in the paper. Find and fix the problem.
• Why? The same referee might get it again.
Emotions on rejected paper
•
•
•
•
•
1) Depression
2) Anger at editor.
3) Anger at system.
4) Consider changing job.
5) Reviewing manuscripts and deciding the
reviewers had points
Everyone gets rejected
• Your options:
• Abandon the article.
• Send the article with no changes to another
journal.
• Revise the article and send it to another
journal.
• Protest the decision and try to resubmit the
article to the rejecting journal
Eliminate any trace of prior rejections
•
•
•
•
Do not show when the paper was first
written.
Do not show how many times the paper has
been revised.
Document property check
Add current references
Do not waste time on dead or dying topics
• If your most recent references are ten years old, it is a dead
issue.
• If the most recent references closely related to your paper are
5 years old, it is a dying issue.
• It is also difficult for the editor to find suitable referees for
outdated topics.
• Your inability to find enough references indicates
– You have not read the literature.
– Others are not interested in the topic, so, it is unlikely to get
published.
Avoid the journals which consistently reject your
papers
Temporarily avoid journals which always reject you
The editor still remembers bad comments about your papers.
Wait until a new editor is appointed.
If you think there is prejudice on the basis of sex, race, or
nationality, you may consider using initials instead of
spelling out the first and middle names.
First and middle names, as well as last name, often reveal the
sex, race, or nationality of the authors.
You may write your full name after the paper is accepted.
When should you start contacting the editor
about your paper?
•
•
•
•
After three months once a month
Four months twice a month
Six months every day
The longer the review takes, the less chance you
have a publishing-reviewers may be negative
• Internal fighting in Journal
• You may want to consider withdrawing to another
journal
• Editor’s feedback is key in making this decision
Reminder e-mail to editor
• “I’m just e-mailing to inquire about the status
of my article titled______, which I submitted
to your journal on ( date ).”
• Don’t get angrier over time, just keep sending
the same e-mail more often
• Sometimes editors appreciate the reminder
Strategy 8
Strategy 8:
Writers write (and don’t always enjoy it.)
• Common misunderstanding that good writers
enjoy writing
• Many hate writing. But enjoyed the results.
• Forced themselves into a daily writing routine.
Planning vs. Action
• Talking about writing isn’t writing. Thinking about
writing isn’t writing. Dreaming isn’t writing. Neither
are outlining, researching, or taking notes. All these
may be necessary to getting a project completed, but
only writing is writing.
• Pen to paper, fingers to keyboard
Researchers learn motivation for writing
about their topic.
• Reseachers first forced themselves to write
and later developed an interest in writing.
Building the Writing Habit
•
•
•
•
The same time.
The same place.
Carry a notebook
Quiet place. Get rid of rid of negative
thoughts.
• Sit alone in silence.
• Ideas, not grammar, for the first draft.
Rewrite.
Do not wait to write until you finish reading
everything
Many researchers use the excuse of more reading to
prevent writing themselves.
You can’t read every paper ever written on a subject.
Remember your goal is to write and publish a paper,
not to read everything.
If you read a dozen papers on a topic, you should have
enough material to start writing a paper. Add your
own ideas to this base of knowledge.
Strategy 9
Strategy 9:
Writers use the competitive, political and supportive
energy of other researchers.
• Supportive energy: Support groups ….organize writing
workshops
• Competitive energy: Researchers compare themselves with
other researchers and keep score
• Political: Researchers are political.
• The negative side is that half of peer reviewed articles in top
rated journals are never referenced by anyone, including the
author. This shows that low impact papers are often published
in the best journals because the articles are reviewed by
friends of the author. (Holub, Tappeiner, and Eberharter, SEJ
1991).
Strategy 1: Understanding feelings about
writing
Strategy 2:
Collect a pool of potential journals for each
article
Strategy 3: Developed Research Based
Publications
Generate papers from your research
Strategy 4: Follow closely to the
principles of writing
Strategy 5:
Practice research like sports…golf
Strategy 6:
Dramatize process by creating mental models
Strategy 7: Manage Rejection
Strategy 8:
Writers write (and don’t always enjoy it.)
Strategy 9:
Writers use the competitive, political and
supportive energy of other researchers.
THANK YOU