Aimai In Japanese Implicature: A Pragmatics Study
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AlMA/IN JAPANESE IMPLICATURE: A PRAGMATICS STUDY
Lisamayasari
lisal 17009008({Ugmail. com
Agus S. Suryadimulya
Universitas Padjajaran
Abstract
This research deals with aimai, a kind of Japanese implicature for hiding conflict and
dissimulating disagreement in conversation. The concept of Aimai is the part of Japanese
norm and culture that is very related to implicature and it uses for the ojfense of
conversation principles. The data source for this research is Kimi ni Todoke movie, and the
data is the text ofconversation in the movie. This research applies a combination ofGrice 's
(1975) theory of cooperative principle, Leech's (/983) theory of politeness principle.
implicature, and aimai. The type of research is a qualitative descriptive research using
heuristic analysis technique. The results of this research are: 1. Conversational
implicatures caused by the offense of cooperative principle including a) representative
implicature b) Directive implicature c) expressive implicature d) comissrre implicature. 2.
The speech implicatures caused by the offense of politeness principle including aj
representative implicature b) Directive implicature c) expressive implicature d) comissive
implicature and the realization is to threaten. Aima; is found only in the offense of
cooperative principle seen in explaining. flirting, rifzlsing. protecting. trapping, avoiding,
and commanding implicature. Speech implicatures are realized in Kimi ni Todoke movie by
breaking the cooperative maxim for there are speaker "s implications and signijicancies for
e.'Cplaining. informing, commcmding,jlirling, admitting. complimenting, rifzlsing, promising.
avoiding, and blaming. Speech implieatures are realized in Kimi ni Todoke movie by
breaking the politeness maxim for there are speaker"s implications and signijiwncies for
forcing, blamin& showing, critisizing, threatening, and rifzlsing.
Key words: Implicature, Aimai, Cooperative PrinCiple, Politeness Principle
INTRODUCTION
Understanding of implicature is absoluteJy necessary in conversation in order to be able to
understand the implied meaning of an utterance. The concept of implicature is used to take into
account what is recommended or what is meant by speakers are different from what is stated
literally (Brown and Yule, 1983: 11). Conversational implicature is the implied proportion or
statement, that is what might be interpreted, implied, or intended by the speaker, which is
different from what was actually said by the speakers in a conversation (Grice, 1975:43).
Something different that is not the intent of speakers whose explicitly stated that the concept of
implicature used to be able to explain the difference between the spoken with implied.
Implicatures are caused by a violation of the principle of conversation. Conversational
implicature theory was proposed by Grice in 1975. Implicatures of arcing concept is an effort in
order to overcome the problem of meaning that can not be solved by semantic theories.
A person who is biJingual must also be a bicultural in order not to undennine the essence
of the language learned. Similarly, in order to understand Japanese well, the learner must also
understand the Japanese culture_ By understanding the Japanese culture, one would be easier to
interact with the Japanese people in a more natural way. One of the well-known characteristics
of Japanese culture and a clear impact on the communication pattern of the society is the
concept of ambiguity or commonly known as aimai concept. According to Davies (2002 : 9),
aimai is a state of more than one meaning is intended, so that eventually it causes ambiguity,
elusive explanation and considered vague circumstances .Aimai role is to create and maintain
Lis.wl
Coppigbt r[)2(}13..
75 - 84
rebJUan·2(},~
IT(~t,'iUJ
StlIdjL~,'isfk
T;liluIl
5P-s [$n
kc j{), IVo 1
J..5.5N 16:93-46{;O
AlMA/IN JAPANESE IMPLICATURE: A PRAGMATICS STUDY
Lisamayasari
lisal 17009008({Ugmail. com
Agus S. Suryadimulya
Universitas Padjajaran
Abstract
This research deals with aimai, a kind of Japanese implicature for hiding conflict and
dissimulating disagreement in conversation. The concept of Aimai is the part of Japanese
norm and culture that is very related to implicature and it uses for the ojfense of
conversation principles. The data source for this research is Kimi ni Todoke movie, and the
data is the text ofconversation in the movie. This research applies a combination ofGrice 's
(1975) theory of cooperative principle, Leech's (/983) theory of politeness principle.
implicature, and aimai. The type of research is a qualitative descriptive research using
heuristic analysis technique. The results of this research are: 1. Conversational
implicatures caused by the offense of cooperative principle including a) representative
implicature b) Directive implicature c) expressive implicature d) comissrre implicature. 2.
The speech implicatures caused by the offense of politeness principle including aj
representative implicature b) Directive implicature c) expressive implicature d) comissive
implicature and the realization is to threaten. Aima; is found only in the offense of
cooperative principle seen in explaining. flirting, rifzlsing. protecting. trapping, avoiding,
and commanding implicature. Speech implicatures are realized in Kimi ni Todoke movie by
breaking the cooperative maxim for there are speaker "s implications and signijicancies for
e.'Cplaining. informing, commcmding,jlirling, admitting. complimenting, rifzlsing, promising.
avoiding, and blaming. Speech implieatures are realized in Kimi ni Todoke movie by
breaking the politeness maxim for there are speaker"s implications and signijiwncies for
forcing, blamin& showing, critisizing, threatening, and rifzlsing.
Key words: Implicature, Aimai, Cooperative PrinCiple, Politeness Principle
INTRODUCTION
Understanding of implicature is absoluteJy necessary in conversation in order to be able to
understand the implied meaning of an utterance. The concept of implicature is used to take into
account what is recommended or what is meant by speakers are different from what is stated
literally (Brown and Yule, 1983: 11). Conversational implicature is the implied proportion or
statement, that is what might be interpreted, implied, or intended by the speaker, which is
different from what was actually said by the speakers in a conversation (Grice, 1975:43).
Something different that is not the intent of speakers whose explicitly stated that the concept of
implicature used to be able to explain the difference between the spoken with implied.
Implicatures are caused by a violation of the principle of conversation. Conversational
implicature theory was proposed by Grice in 1975. Implicatures of arcing concept is an effort in
order to overcome the problem of meaning that can not be solved by semantic theories.
A person who is biJingual must also be a bicultural in order not to undennine the essence
of the language learned. Similarly, in order to understand Japanese well, the learner must also
understand the Japanese culture_ By understanding the Japanese culture, one would be easier to
interact with the Japanese people in a more natural way. One of the well-known characteristics
of Japanese culture and a clear impact on the communication pattern of the society is the
concept of ambiguity or commonly known as aimai concept. According to Davies (2002 : 9),
aimai is a state of more than one meaning is intended, so that eventually it causes ambiguity,
elusive explanation and considered vague circumstances .Aimai role is to create and maintain
Lis.wl