CHAPTER IV RESULT OF STUDY AND DISCUSSION - The Students’ Problems In Using Indefinite And Definite Articles In Descriptive Text From The Eighth Grade Students Of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya - Digital Library IAIN Palangka Raya

  

th

test. The translation test was done in 30 September. Then, the multiple choice

th th

test was done in 5 October 2013. Then, the writer gave the questioner in 9

October 2013. The number of VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah

Palangka Raya were 22 students.

  In the translation test, the writer took the students’ writing that consist of

answer sheets of VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya.

  

Based on the students’ answer sheets, the writer found and indentified some

interferences of students’ writing. There were 9 of 22 students’ answer sheets had

interferences in their writing. Meanwhile, there were 13 of 22 students’ answer

sheets were not interferences. In the translation test in using indefinite and

definite articles in descriptive text, the writer had done coding and tabulating from

answer sheets of VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya.

  Here, there were 9 students’ answer sheets of VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya could be seen in the following table:

Table 4.1 The description of the students’ interference in using indefinite and definite

  

articles in descriptive text.

  No. Code Sample of Explanation Revise Interference

  1 XEA This phrase was made because A friend

Somebody friend

  of interference containing phenomena of divergence Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because A good friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  Tail cat This phrase was made because A cat of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  2 WFK Garden that This phrase was made because The garden of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  3 RDS Garden that This phrase was made because The garden of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  5 CPX Somebody friend This phrase was made because A friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because A good friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  Tail cat This phrase was made because A cat of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  6 NGL Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because A good friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  Tail cat This phrase was made because A cat of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  7 ZTS Somebody friend This phrase was made because A friend of interference containing

  Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because A good friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  Tail cat This phrase was made because A cat of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  8 YGT Somebody friend This phrase was made because A friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  Somebody friend This phrase was made because A good friend good of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  9 OJK Garden that This phrase was made because The garden of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

The table above showed that there were 9 answer sheets of students’ writing

  

XEA wrote somebody friend; somebody friend fine; tail cat. WFK wrote garden that.

RDS wrote garden that. DUF wrote garden that. CPX wrote somebody friend;

  

somebody friend; somebody friend fine; tail cat. YGT wrote somebody friend;

somebody friend good. OJK wrote garden that.

  Here, there some explanations in students’ answer sheets had interferences as presented in the following table:

Table 4.2 List of XEA’s interference

  Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise

  XEA This phrase was made because A friend

Somebody friend

  of interference containing phenomena of divergence Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because A good friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  Tail cat This phrase was made because A cat of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  The table above showed that XEA wrote somebody friend. It is caused by

interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1

becomes two cases in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in

Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word

  

somebody friend fine. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of

divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said

case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Phrase “somebody friend fine” is noun phrase

in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English

syntax. XEA also wrote tail cat. It is caused by interference that containing

phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word

“tail” has the meaning “ekor” in Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seekor”

in Indonesian. Word “tail” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner.

Table 4.3 List of WFK’s interference

  Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise WFK Garden that This phrase was made because The garden of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

The table above showed that WFK wrote garden that. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case

  

in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word

“that” is determiner that has meaning itu in Indonesian. Meanwhile, word definite

“the” is determiner that has meaning –nya, itu, tersebut, tadi in Indonesian. In

English, definite “the” is used after noun that has been mentioned before. Meanwhile, in Indonesian it is not there. phrase “garden that” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax.

  Meanwhile, phrase “the garden” is noun phrase in English syntax.

Table 4.4 List of RDS’s interference

  Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise RDS Garden that This phrase was made because The garden of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  The table above showed that RDS wrote garden that. It is caused by

interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case

in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word

“that” is determiner that has meaning itu in Indonesian. Meanwhile, word definite

“the” is determiner that has meaning –nya, itu, tersebut, tadi in Indonesian. In

English, definite “the” is used after noun that has been mentioned before. Meanwhile,

in Indonesian it is not there. phrase “garden that” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “the garden” is noun phrase in English syntax.

Table 4.5 List of DUF’s interference

  Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise DUF Garden that This phrase was made because The garden of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  The table above showed that DUF wrote garden that. It is caused by

interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case

in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word

“that” is determiner that has meaning itu in Indonesian. Meanwhile, word definite

“the” is determiner that has meaning –nya, itu, tersebut, tadi in Indonesian. In

English, definite “the” is used after noun that has been mentioned before. Meanwhile, in Indonesian it is not there.

  Phrase “garden that” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “the garden” is noun phrase in English syntax.

Table 4.6 List of CPX’s interference

  Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise CPX Somebody friend This phrase was made because A friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because A good friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  Tail cat This phrase was made because A cat phenomena of divergence

The table above showed that CPX wrote somebody friend. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1

  

becomes two cases in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in

Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word

“somebody” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner. CPX also wrote

somebody friend fine. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of

divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said

case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Phrase “somebody friend fine” is noun phrase

in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English

syntax. CPX also wrote tail cat. It is caused by interference that containing

phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word

“tail” has the meaning “ekor” in Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seekor”

in Indonesian. Word “tail” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner.

Table 4.7 List of NGL’s interference

  Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise NGL Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because A good friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  Tail cat This phrase was made because A cat of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  The table above showed that NGL wrote somebody friend fine. It is caused by

interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case

in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word

“somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the

meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word “somebody” is noun phrase. Meanwhile,

indefinite “a” is determiner. NGL also wrote somebody friend fine. It is caused by

interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case

in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2.

  

Phrase “somebody friend fine” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile,

phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English syntax. NGL also wrote tail cat. It is

caused by interference that contained phenomena of divergence which said one case

in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word “tail” has the meaning “ekor” in Indonesian.

  

Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seekor” in Indonesian. Word “tail” is noun phrase.

Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner.

Table 4.8 List of ZTS’s interference

  Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise of interference containing phenomena of divergence Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  A good friend Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  A cat

  The table above showed that ZTS wrote somebody friend. It is caused by

interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1

becomes two cases in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in

Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word

“somebody” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner. ZTS also wrote

somebody friend fine. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of

divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said

case or s ystem in L1 is nothing in L2. Phrase “somebody friend fine” is noun phrase

in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English

syntax. ZTS also wrote tail cat. It is caused by interference that containing

phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word

  

“tail” has the meaning “ekor” in Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seekor”

in Indonesian. Word “tail” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner.

Table 4.9 List of YGT’s interference

  Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise YGT Somebody friend This phrase was made because A friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence

  Somebody friend good This phrase was made because A good friend of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

The table above showed that YGT wrote somebody friend. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1

  

becomes two cases in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in

Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word

“somebody” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner. YGT also wrote

somebody friend good. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of

divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said

case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. phrase “somebody friend good” is noun phrase

in Indonesian syntax . Meanwhile, phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English

Table 4.10 List of OJK

  ’s interference

  OJK Garden that This phrase was made because The garden of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair

  The table above showed that OJK wrote garden that. It is caused by

interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case

in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word

“that” is determiner that has meaning itu in Indonesian. Meanwhile, word definite

“the” is determiner that has meaning –nya, itu, tersebut, tadi in Indonesian. In

English, definite “the” is used after noun that has been mentioned before. Meanwhile,

in Indonesian it is not there. phrase “garden that” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “the garden” is noun phrase in English syntax.

  From the table above showed that there were 17 translations answer of 9

students’ writing in translation test had interference containing phenomena of

divergence and unfair. Here, there were 7 phrases of 9 students’ answer sheets were interferences. The numbers are as follow:

Table 4.11 The description of phrases in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive

  

text

  No. Phrase Interference Frequency Phenomena of Unfair divergence

  1. Somebody friend √ -

  4

  2. Tail cat

• 3. Garden that √ √

  4 √

  4

  4. Somebody friend fine

  4 √ √

  5. Somebody friend good √ √

  1

  17 Based on 17 translation answers of 9 students answer sheets, there were 8

phrases containing phenomena of divergence, and there was 0 phrase were unfair.

  

Furthermore, it is equal with 8 phrases were phenomena of divergence, 0 phrase was

unfair, and 9 phrases were both phenomena of divergence and unfair as presented

below:

Table 4.12 The description phenomena of divergence and unfair in using indefinite and

  

definite articles in descriptive text

  No. Interference Frequency Percentage

  1. Phenomena of divergence 8 47.06%

  2. Unfair 0%

  3. Both Phenomena of divergence and unfair 9 52.94% 17 100%

  In order to be clear, the description phenomena of divergence and unfair in interferences of students could be seen in the following figure:

Figure 4.1 The description phenomena of divergence and unfair in using indefinite and

  

definite articles in descriptive text

60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00%

  0.00% Phenomena of Unfair Both Phenomena of divergence divergence and unfair

  Beside the translation test, the test was multiple choice test. Based on the test and questioner taken from the students that they answered for to investigate their ability, there were most of the students or 16 (72.73%) had ability test in using indefinite and definite articles. Otherwise, there some few students or 6

  (27.28%) had failure in using indefinite and definite articles. Here there were result of the test of students as presented below:

  17. OJK

  17

  85

  13. PLB

  16

  80

  14. QAB

  18

  90

  15. FJS

  18

  90

  16. BLJ

  17

  85

  15

  85 12.

  16

  7

  22. PTA

  95

  19

  21. WFK

  80

  XEA

  75

  35 20.

  7

  19. ZTS

  95

  19

  18. RDS

  VJC

  17

Table 4.13 The result of

  35

  35

  7

  4. QJB

  30

  6

  3. YGT

  7

  17

  2. CPX

  95

  19

  1. DUF

  No. Code of Student Right Answer Scores

  student’s test in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive

text

  5. SCE

  85

  VAR

  90

  80 11.

  16

  10. ZHA

  35

  7

  9. NGL

  18

  6. PAJ

  8. RKX

  90

  18

  7. MDL

  90

  18

  35 Here, there were also the result of questionnaire answers by the students after the test had been done as presented in the following table:

Table 4.14 The result of questionnaire by the students in using indefinite and definite

  

articles in descriptive text

  No. Question Percentage Yes No

  1. The difficulties in comprehending 27.27% 72.73% indefinite and definite articles

  2. Distinguishing between indefinite and 72.73% 27.27% definite articles

  3. Determining indefinite article 72.73% 27.27%

  4. Determining definite article 72.73% 27.27%

  5. Applying indefinite article 72.73% 27.27%

  6. Applying definite article 72.73% 27.27%

  7. Special way in comprehending 72.73% 27.27% indefinite and definite articles

  8.

  72.73% 27.27% Indefinite “an” is used front of vowel

  9. Indefinite “an” is used front of 27.27% 72.73% consonant

  10.

  27.27% 72.73% Indefinite “a” is used front of vowel

  11. Indefinite “a” is used front of 72.73% 27.27% consonant

  12.

  72.73% 27.27% Indefinite “an” is used front of consonant like as vowel

  13. Indefinite “an” is used front of vowel 27.27% 72.73% like as consonant

  14.

  27.27% 72.73% Indefinite “a” is used front of consonant like as vowel like as consonant

  16. Definite “the” is used front of one 72.73% 27.27% context

  17.

  72.73% 27.27% Definite “the” is used front of noun that understood both reader and writer

  18. Definite “the” is used front of noun 72.73% 27.27% that has been mentioned before

B. Discussion

  Based on result of the study above, the first language of the students was Indonesian language. Meanwhile, English is used as the second or foreign language. Second language acquisition is related with using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text. The difficulties of learning language is caused by the differences of first language and second language. And more bigger differences between first language and second language is more difficult in learning. It is in line with the theory in chapter 2 page 12. The use of articles in Indonesian is not same with English, it has similarities and differences. Based on the data finding, there had been found the similarities and differences between English and Indonesian in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text exposed in the students’ writing. There are two types between the similarities and differences. They are translation and structure. It is in line with the theory in

  

of noun phrase were garden that (kebun itu), somebody friend fine (seorang teman

yang baik), somebody friend good (seorang teman yang baik). The students’ first

language was the source of interferences into second language. There are some

possibilities in interferences. Based on the sample of interferences above, it was

found the interference. It is in line with the theory in chapter 2 page 14.