Kajian Administrasi Publik UT(1)
ILMU
ADMINISTRASI
PUBLIK
Muchlis Hamdi
Administrasi Publik
Sebagai profesi
Sebagai ilmu
•
•
Menggambarkan sistem aktivitas
dari orang-orang yang bekerja
atau berkarir dalam birokrasi di
sektor publik.
•
Bagian dari ilmu administrasi
bersama-sama dengan ilmu
administrasi bisnis
Sebagai suatu ilmu, ilmu
administrasi publik mempelajari
aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan
politik dan pembuatan kebijakan,
dan cenderung terkonsentrasi
dalam cabang eksekutif dari
pemerintahan, serta berkaitan
dengan implementasi undangundang.
Beberapa definisi
Administrasi Publik
•
Public administration as a field is mainly
concerned with the means for
implementing political values (John Pfiffner and Robert
Presthus)
•
Public administration can best identified
with the executive branch of government
(James W. Davis, Jr.)
• The process of public administration consists of
the actions involved in effecting the intent or
desire of a government. It is thus the
continuously active, ‘business’ part of
government, concerned with carrying out the
law, as made by legislative bodies (or other
authoritative agents) and interpreted by the
courts, through the process of organization and
management (Dwight Waldo)
• Public administration is the use of
managerial, political, and legal theories
and processes to fulfill legislative,
executive, and judicial governmental
mandates for the provision of
regulatory and service functions for the
society as a whole or for some
segments of it (David H. Rosenbloom)
•
•
Public administration is the production of goods and
services designed to serve the needs of citizensconsumers (Marshall Dimock, Gladys Dimock, and Douglas Fox, Public Administration, 1983)
In ordinary usage, public administration is a generic
expression for the entire bundle of activities that are
involved in the establishment and implementation of
public policies (Cole Blease Graham, Jr. and Steven W. Hays, Managing the Public
Organization, 1986)
•
Public administration: (a) is a cooperative
group effort in a public setting; (b) covers
all three branches --- executive,
legislative, and judicial --- and their
interrelationships; (c) has an important
role in the formulation of public policy, and
is thus part of the political process; (d) is
different in significant ways from private
administration; and (e) is closely
associated with numerous private groups
and individuals (Felix A. Nigro and Lloyd G. Nigro, Modern Public
Administration, 1989)
• Public administration is more than good
management; it is also good
government. Public administration is
part of the means by which people
make and enforce collective decisions
about how society is to be run (Howard E.
McCurdy)
Ruanglingkup Administrasi Publik
Konteks
Nilai
Substansi
• Politik dan administrasi
• Pemerintahan dan bisnis
• Norma (efisiensi dan efektivitas; hak dan kecukupan proses pemerintahan;
representasi dan pelaksanaan diskresi)
•
•
•
•
Kepentingan umum
Pelayanan publik
Diskresi dan akuntabilitas
Etika administratif
• Birokrasi dan teori organisasi
• Analisis kebijakan
• Manajemen sumberdaya manusia
• Manajemen keuangan
• Manajemen informasi
• Hubungan eksternal
• Etika pelayanan publik
Birokrasi
Ideal type of
bureaucracy
Patologi
birokrasi
Reformasi
birokrasi
• Hirarki yang terumuskan dengan baik
• Sistem aturan
• Sistem prosedur
• Hubungan impersonal
• Seleksi dan promosi berdasarkan kompetensi
• Dysfunction
• Penipuan, pemborosan, penyalahgunaan
• Kecenderungan overlapping dan formalism
• Peranan rowing ketimbang steering
• Sulit menjadi organisasi pembelajaran
• Lambat dalam pembangunan kapasitas
• Pembangunan kesejahteraan
• Perwujudan sistem pemerintahan yang baik
• Pemantapan etika pemerintahan
• Perbaikan manajemen publik
• Pengembangan masyarakat warganegara
Teori Organisasi
Perilaku individu
•
•
•
•
Perbedaan perilaku individu,
Motivasi,
Motivasi dan program imbalan,
Ketegangan (stress) lingkungan kerja
Perilaku
kelompok
•
•
•
•
Perilaku kelompok dan tim,
Konflik dan negosiasi,
Kekuasaan dan politik,
Kepemimpinan
Struktur dan
desain organisasi
• Desain kerja,
• Struktur organisasi
Proses organisasi
• Pengelolaan proses komunikasi,
• Pembuatan keputusan,
• Pengelolaan perubahan dan pembelajaran organisasi
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia
Persiapan dan
seleksi
•
•
•
•
Analisis dan desain jabatan,
Perencanaan sumberdaya manusia,
Rekrutmen,
Seleksi
Pengembangan
dan evaluasi
•
•
•
•
Orientasi, penempatan, dan pemisahan
Pelatihan dan pengembangan,
Perencanaan karir,
Penilaian kinerja
Kompensasi dan
proteksi
•
•
•
•
Upah dan gaji,
Insentif dan pembagian pendapatan (gainsharing),
Manfaat dan layanan,
Keamanan, keselamatan, dan kesehatan
Hubungan dan
penilaian pegawai
• Tantangan hubungan pegawai,
• Hubungan serikat pegawai dan pimpinan,
• Penilaian dan prospek pegawai
Daftar Pustaka
Gibson, James L, John M. Ivancevich, James H. Donnelly, Jr., & Robert Konopaske. 2004.
Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 11th edition. Boston: McGraw Hill.
Harmon, Michael M. & Richard T. Mayer. 1986. Organization Theory for Public Administration. Boston:
Little, Brown and Company.
Lynn, Naomi B. & Aaron Wildavsky. (eds). 1990. Public Administration: The State of the Discipline.
Chatam, New Jersey: Chatam House Publishers, Inc.
Patton, W. David, Stephanie L. Witt, Nicholas P. Lovrich, & Patricia J. Fredericksen. 2002. Human
Resources: The Public Perspective. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Rosenbloom, David H. 1993. Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the
Public Sector. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Shafritz, Jay M. & Albert C. Hyde. 1997. Classics of Public Administration. 4th edition. Fort Worth, Texas:
Harcourt Brace & Company.
Stillman II, Richard J. 1992. Public Administration: Concepts and Cases. 5th edition. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Company.
Wilson, James Q. 1989. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New
York: Basic Books.
ADMINISTRASI
PUBLIK
Muchlis Hamdi
Administrasi Publik
Sebagai profesi
Sebagai ilmu
•
•
Menggambarkan sistem aktivitas
dari orang-orang yang bekerja
atau berkarir dalam birokrasi di
sektor publik.
•
Bagian dari ilmu administrasi
bersama-sama dengan ilmu
administrasi bisnis
Sebagai suatu ilmu, ilmu
administrasi publik mempelajari
aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan
politik dan pembuatan kebijakan,
dan cenderung terkonsentrasi
dalam cabang eksekutif dari
pemerintahan, serta berkaitan
dengan implementasi undangundang.
Beberapa definisi
Administrasi Publik
•
Public administration as a field is mainly
concerned with the means for
implementing political values (John Pfiffner and Robert
Presthus)
•
Public administration can best identified
with the executive branch of government
(James W. Davis, Jr.)
• The process of public administration consists of
the actions involved in effecting the intent or
desire of a government. It is thus the
continuously active, ‘business’ part of
government, concerned with carrying out the
law, as made by legislative bodies (or other
authoritative agents) and interpreted by the
courts, through the process of organization and
management (Dwight Waldo)
• Public administration is the use of
managerial, political, and legal theories
and processes to fulfill legislative,
executive, and judicial governmental
mandates for the provision of
regulatory and service functions for the
society as a whole or for some
segments of it (David H. Rosenbloom)
•
•
Public administration is the production of goods and
services designed to serve the needs of citizensconsumers (Marshall Dimock, Gladys Dimock, and Douglas Fox, Public Administration, 1983)
In ordinary usage, public administration is a generic
expression for the entire bundle of activities that are
involved in the establishment and implementation of
public policies (Cole Blease Graham, Jr. and Steven W. Hays, Managing the Public
Organization, 1986)
•
Public administration: (a) is a cooperative
group effort in a public setting; (b) covers
all three branches --- executive,
legislative, and judicial --- and their
interrelationships; (c) has an important
role in the formulation of public policy, and
is thus part of the political process; (d) is
different in significant ways from private
administration; and (e) is closely
associated with numerous private groups
and individuals (Felix A. Nigro and Lloyd G. Nigro, Modern Public
Administration, 1989)
• Public administration is more than good
management; it is also good
government. Public administration is
part of the means by which people
make and enforce collective decisions
about how society is to be run (Howard E.
McCurdy)
Ruanglingkup Administrasi Publik
Konteks
Nilai
Substansi
• Politik dan administrasi
• Pemerintahan dan bisnis
• Norma (efisiensi dan efektivitas; hak dan kecukupan proses pemerintahan;
representasi dan pelaksanaan diskresi)
•
•
•
•
Kepentingan umum
Pelayanan publik
Diskresi dan akuntabilitas
Etika administratif
• Birokrasi dan teori organisasi
• Analisis kebijakan
• Manajemen sumberdaya manusia
• Manajemen keuangan
• Manajemen informasi
• Hubungan eksternal
• Etika pelayanan publik
Birokrasi
Ideal type of
bureaucracy
Patologi
birokrasi
Reformasi
birokrasi
• Hirarki yang terumuskan dengan baik
• Sistem aturan
• Sistem prosedur
• Hubungan impersonal
• Seleksi dan promosi berdasarkan kompetensi
• Dysfunction
• Penipuan, pemborosan, penyalahgunaan
• Kecenderungan overlapping dan formalism
• Peranan rowing ketimbang steering
• Sulit menjadi organisasi pembelajaran
• Lambat dalam pembangunan kapasitas
• Pembangunan kesejahteraan
• Perwujudan sistem pemerintahan yang baik
• Pemantapan etika pemerintahan
• Perbaikan manajemen publik
• Pengembangan masyarakat warganegara
Teori Organisasi
Perilaku individu
•
•
•
•
Perbedaan perilaku individu,
Motivasi,
Motivasi dan program imbalan,
Ketegangan (stress) lingkungan kerja
Perilaku
kelompok
•
•
•
•
Perilaku kelompok dan tim,
Konflik dan negosiasi,
Kekuasaan dan politik,
Kepemimpinan
Struktur dan
desain organisasi
• Desain kerja,
• Struktur organisasi
Proses organisasi
• Pengelolaan proses komunikasi,
• Pembuatan keputusan,
• Pengelolaan perubahan dan pembelajaran organisasi
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia
Persiapan dan
seleksi
•
•
•
•
Analisis dan desain jabatan,
Perencanaan sumberdaya manusia,
Rekrutmen,
Seleksi
Pengembangan
dan evaluasi
•
•
•
•
Orientasi, penempatan, dan pemisahan
Pelatihan dan pengembangan,
Perencanaan karir,
Penilaian kinerja
Kompensasi dan
proteksi
•
•
•
•
Upah dan gaji,
Insentif dan pembagian pendapatan (gainsharing),
Manfaat dan layanan,
Keamanan, keselamatan, dan kesehatan
Hubungan dan
penilaian pegawai
• Tantangan hubungan pegawai,
• Hubungan serikat pegawai dan pimpinan,
• Penilaian dan prospek pegawai
Daftar Pustaka
Gibson, James L, John M. Ivancevich, James H. Donnelly, Jr., & Robert Konopaske. 2004.
Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 11th edition. Boston: McGraw Hill.
Harmon, Michael M. & Richard T. Mayer. 1986. Organization Theory for Public Administration. Boston:
Little, Brown and Company.
Lynn, Naomi B. & Aaron Wildavsky. (eds). 1990. Public Administration: The State of the Discipline.
Chatam, New Jersey: Chatam House Publishers, Inc.
Patton, W. David, Stephanie L. Witt, Nicholas P. Lovrich, & Patricia J. Fredericksen. 2002. Human
Resources: The Public Perspective. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Rosenbloom, David H. 1993. Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the
Public Sector. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Shafritz, Jay M. & Albert C. Hyde. 1997. Classics of Public Administration. 4th edition. Fort Worth, Texas:
Harcourt Brace & Company.
Stillman II, Richard J. 1992. Public Administration: Concepts and Cases. 5th edition. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Company.
Wilson, James Q. 1989. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New
York: Basic Books.