The Floutings of Cooperative Principle Maxims in the Humor Movie Entitled Hitch (A Pragmatics Approach).
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The Floutings of Cooperative Principle Maxims in the Humor Movie
Entitled Hitch
(A Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment
of Requirements for the Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University
By:
Bara Suda Susanto
C0307011
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2013
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MOTTO
You can’t really know where you’re going until you know where
you’ve been.
(Alex Hitchen in Hitch)
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DEDICATION
This thesis is sincerely dedicated to my beloved
Mother,
Father,
Brother,
Family,
Friends,
My Haters
and
People of this nation, who always love Republic of Indonesia
especially people who resist corruption in this nation
and always support the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)
Dares to be honest, is great!!! (berani jujur, hebat!!!)
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise to Allah, God of the universe, and his messenger who guide my life
including in finishing this thesis as one of the requirements to achieve the
undergraduate degree in English Department. This thesis would not be completed
without contributions from others. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude,
particularly to:
1. The Dean Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.
2. The Head of English Department and my thesis supervisor who always
supports me to finish my study in Sebelas Maret University, Drs. Agus Hari
Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D.
3. All of the lecturers of English Department.
4. My mother, Suyati Retno, who is very patient to guide me from the birth until
being the big one now.
5. My father, Ari Tri Susanto, who made me realize that I have to be a “true
person” so that other people will look at my self.
6. My brother, Ega Murda Susanto, another big one who always accompanies
me to know what kind of “true world” is.
7. My grandma, Mbah Siti, who sold her land in order to make me become the
student of Sebelas Maret.
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8. My beloved brothers and sisters, Wena, Ibnu, Tristan, Deni, Ahmad, Fikri,
Miranti, Angga and Yusi, who always invites me to enjoy our misery and
prosperity.
9. All of classmates in English Department 2007, especially Daniel, Edwi,
Syaiful, Dosik, Yusuf, Ulfa, Dian, Vista. We will rock the world, Sorcerers’.
10. Finally all of my partners who have supported me to finish my thesis from the
beginning until the end; Evi, Nessa and Fila.
Surakarta, July 30, 2013
Bara Suda Susanto
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover ...................................................................................................................……. .i
Approval of The Thesis Supervisor ....................................................................…… .ii
Approval of The Board of Examiners .................................................................…... .iii
Pronouncement .................................................................................................... ……iv
Motto ...................................................................................................................…… .v
Dedication ...........................................................................................................…....vi
Acknowledgement..................................................................................................…vii
Table of Contents……………………………………………….. ......................……ix
List of Tables.......................................................................................................…....xi
Abstract ............................................................................................................... …..xiv
I. CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background................................................................................ ...… 1
B. Problem Statement .................................................................................... ...… 3
C. Scope of Research ..................................................................................... ...… 3
D. Research Objectives.. ................................................................................ ..…. 4
E. Research Benefits ...................................................................................... .….. 4
F. Research Methodology……………………………………………. ……...… 5
G. Thesis Organization…………………………………………………….……..5
II. CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Pragmatics. ................................................................................................ …....7
B. Cooperative Principle ................................................................................ .….10
C. The Four Conversational Maxims............................................................. .….11
D. The Flouting of Maxims ........................................................................... …..13
E. Conversational Implicature ....................................................................... …..17
F. Context. ..................................................................................................... …..20
G. Review of Related Study........................................................................... …..22
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H. Synopsis of the Film. ................................................................................ …..23
I. The Character in the Film. ........................................................................ …..25
III. CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY
A. Research Methodology. ............................................................................. …..31
B. Data and Source of Data............................................................................ …..32
C. Technique of Collecting Data. .................................................................. …..32
D. Technique of Coding Data. ....................................................................... …..33
E. Technique of Analyzing Data. .................................................................. …..34
IV. CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Introduction .............................................................................................. ......35
B. Data Analysis. ........................................................................................... ......37
C. Discussion. ................................................................................................ ....103
V. CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion……………………………………………………………...…..126
B. Suggestion ……………………………………………………….…............130
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 The summary of analysis of data 1. ...................................................... …..39
Table 4.2 The summary of analysis of data 2. ...................................................... …..41
Table 4.3 The summary of analysis of data 3. ...................................................... …..43
Table 4.4 The summary of analysis of data 4. ...................................................... …..45
Table 4.5 The summary of analysis of data 5. ...................................................... …..47
Table 4.6 The summary of analysis of data 6. ...................................................... …..50
Table 4.7 The summary of analysis of data 7. ...................................................... …..52
Table 4.8 The summary of analysis of data 8. ...................................................... …..54
Table 4.9 The summary of analysis of data 9. ...................................................... …..55
Table 4.10 The summary of analysis of data 10. .................................................. …..57
Table 4.11 The summary of analysis of data 11. .................................................. …..59
Table 4.12 The summary of analysis of data 12. .................................................. …..62
Table 4.13 The summary of analysis of data 13. .................................................. …..64
Table 4.14 The summary of analysis of data 14. .................................................. …..67
Table 4.15 The summary of analysis of data 15. .................................................. …..69
Table 4.16 The summary of analysis of data 16. .................................................. …..71
Table 4.17 The summary of analysis of data 17. .................................................. …..73
Table 4.18 The summary of analysis of data 18. .................................................. …..75
Table 4.19 The summary of analysis of data 19. .................................................. …..78
Table 4.20 The summary of analysis of data 20. .................................................. …..80
Table 4.21 The summary of analysis of data 21. .................................................. …..82
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Table 4.22 The summary of analysis of data 22. .................................................. …..84
Table 4.23 The summary of analysis of data 23. .................................................. …..86
Table 4.24 The summary of analysis of data 24. .................................................. …..88
Table 4.25 The summary of analysis of data 25. .................................................. …..90
Table 4.26 The summary of analysis of data 26. .................................................. …..92
Table 4.27 The summary of analysis of data 27. .................................................. …..95
Table 4.28 The summary of analysis of data 28. .................................................. …..97
Table 4.29 The summary of analysis of data 29. .................................................. …100
Table 4.30 The summary of analysis of data 30. .................................................. …102
Table 4.31 Percentage of Flouting the Maxim(s). ................................................ …103
Table 4.32 Strategies of Flouting the Maxim(s). .................................................. …104
Table 4.33 Situation in which the Maxim of Relation is Flouted. ........................ …108
Table 4.34 Situation in which the Maxim of Quantity is Flouted......................... …111
Table 4.35 Situation in which the Maxim of Quantity is Flouted......................... …113
Table 4.36 Situation in which the Maxim of Manner is Flouted. ......................... …114
Table 4.37 Situation in which the Overlap of Quality, Relation and Manner. ..... …115
Table 4.38 Situation in which the Overlap of Quantity and Relation. .................. …116
Table 4.39 Situation in which the Maxim of Quantity and Manner Overlap. ...... …116
Table 4.40 Situation in which Overlap of Quantity, Quality, and Manner. .......... …117
Table 4.41 Intention of the speaker in flouting the maxim(s). .............................. …118
Table 4.42 Intention in different flouting of maxims............................................ …119
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Table 4.43 Intention employed by the speaker in flouting of maxims related to the
relation among the characters................................................................................ …120
Table 5.1 The intention of flouting the maxims.................................................... …129
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ABSTRACT
Bara Suda Susanto. C0307011. The Floutings of Cooperative Principle Maxims
in the Humor Movie Entitled Hitch (A Pragmatics Approach). Undergraduate
Thesis. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
This research attempts to find out the strategies of the flouting maxims used
by the speakers in the film entitled Hitch, the situation when the maxims are
flouted in conversation and the intention of the speaker in flouting the maxims in
their utterance. This research uses the pragmatic approach. It is a descriptive
research which takes total sampling technique. The data of this research were
taken from the dialogues in the humor movie entitled Hitch contained the floutings
of maxims. The data are classified based on Grice’s cooperative principles.
The first finding of the research shows that the total data of the research are
30 data. There are eight categories of flouting maxims namely the flouting maxims
of Relation with 11 data (36.70%), the flouting maxims of Quality with 7 data
(23.33%), the flouting maxims of Quantity with 6 data (20%), the flouting maxims
of Manner with 2 data (6.70%), the overlapping maxim of Quantity and Quality
with 1 datum (3.33%), the overlapping maxim of Quantity and Relation with 1
datum (3.33%), the overlapping maxim of Quantity and Manner with 1 datum
(3.33%), and the overlapping maxim of Quantity, Quality and Manner with 1
datum (3.33%).
The second finding of the research shows the situation when the maxims are
flouted in their conversation. The flouted maxim of Relation is chosen by the
characters when they refuse something, they get angry and dislike someone. Then,
the characters disobey the maxim of Quality when they dislike someone, they
satire other character and they lie to other characters. The characters only flout the
maxim of Quantity when they worry something and refuse something. The
character flouts the maxim of Manner when he expresses an idea. In result, the
speakers above also have the intention to create a humor situation as they flout the
maxim of Relation, Quality, Quantity and Manner.
The third finding of the research shows the intention of the speaker in
flouting the maxims on their utterance. There are nine kinds of intention: the first
intention is refusing something with 9 data. The second intention is expressing
one’s feeling with 6 data. The third intention is satire someone with 4 data. The
fourth intention is asking someone for doing something with 3 data. The fifth
intention is convincing someone with 3 data. The sixth intention is comforting
someone with 2 data. The last intentions are threaten personal, showing agreement
and disagreement with 1 datum.
As a result, there will be additional input in revealing the existence of nonobservance maxim in today’s humor communication as it can educate and increase
the life of human being.
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The Floutings of Cooperative Principle Maxims in the Humor Movie
Entitled Hitch
(A Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment
of Requirements for the Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University
By:
Bara Suda Susanto
C0307011
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2013
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MOTTO
You can’t really know where you’re going until you know where
you’ve been.
(Alex Hitchen in Hitch)
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DEDICATION
This thesis is sincerely dedicated to my beloved
Mother,
Father,
Brother,
Family,
Friends,
My Haters
and
People of this nation, who always love Republic of Indonesia
especially people who resist corruption in this nation
and always support the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)
Dares to be honest, is great!!! (berani jujur, hebat!!!)
commit to user
vi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise to Allah, God of the universe, and his messenger who guide my life
including in finishing this thesis as one of the requirements to achieve the
undergraduate degree in English Department. This thesis would not be completed
without contributions from others. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude,
particularly to:
1. The Dean Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.
2. The Head of English Department and my thesis supervisor who always
supports me to finish my study in Sebelas Maret University, Drs. Agus Hari
Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D.
3. All of the lecturers of English Department.
4. My mother, Suyati Retno, who is very patient to guide me from the birth until
being the big one now.
5. My father, Ari Tri Susanto, who made me realize that I have to be a “true
person” so that other people will look at my self.
6. My brother, Ega Murda Susanto, another big one who always accompanies
me to know what kind of “true world” is.
7. My grandma, Mbah Siti, who sold her land in order to make me become the
student of Sebelas Maret.
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vii
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8. My beloved brothers and sisters, Wena, Ibnu, Tristan, Deni, Ahmad, Fikri,
Miranti, Angga and Yusi, who always invites me to enjoy our misery and
prosperity.
9. All of classmates in English Department 2007, especially Daniel, Edwi,
Syaiful, Dosik, Yusuf, Ulfa, Dian, Vista. We will rock the world, Sorcerers’.
10. Finally all of my partners who have supported me to finish my thesis from the
beginning until the end; Evi, Nessa and Fila.
Surakarta, July 30, 2013
Bara Suda Susanto
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover ...................................................................................................................……. .i
Approval of The Thesis Supervisor ....................................................................…… .ii
Approval of The Board of Examiners .................................................................…... .iii
Pronouncement .................................................................................................... ……iv
Motto ...................................................................................................................…… .v
Dedication ...........................................................................................................…....vi
Acknowledgement..................................................................................................…vii
Table of Contents……………………………………………….. ......................……ix
List of Tables.......................................................................................................…....xi
Abstract ............................................................................................................... …..xiv
I. CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background................................................................................ ...… 1
B. Problem Statement .................................................................................... ...… 3
C. Scope of Research ..................................................................................... ...… 3
D. Research Objectives.. ................................................................................ ..…. 4
E. Research Benefits ...................................................................................... .….. 4
F. Research Methodology……………………………………………. ……...… 5
G. Thesis Organization…………………………………………………….……..5
II. CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Pragmatics. ................................................................................................ …....7
B. Cooperative Principle ................................................................................ .….10
C. The Four Conversational Maxims............................................................. .….11
D. The Flouting of Maxims ........................................................................... …..13
E. Conversational Implicature ....................................................................... …..17
F. Context. ..................................................................................................... …..20
G. Review of Related Study........................................................................... …..22
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H. Synopsis of the Film. ................................................................................ …..23
I. The Character in the Film. ........................................................................ …..25
III. CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY
A. Research Methodology. ............................................................................. …..31
B. Data and Source of Data............................................................................ …..32
C. Technique of Collecting Data. .................................................................. …..32
D. Technique of Coding Data. ....................................................................... …..33
E. Technique of Analyzing Data. .................................................................. …..34
IV. CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Introduction .............................................................................................. ......35
B. Data Analysis. ........................................................................................... ......37
C. Discussion. ................................................................................................ ....103
V. CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion……………………………………………………………...…..126
B. Suggestion ……………………………………………………….…............130
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 The summary of analysis of data 1. ...................................................... …..39
Table 4.2 The summary of analysis of data 2. ...................................................... …..41
Table 4.3 The summary of analysis of data 3. ...................................................... …..43
Table 4.4 The summary of analysis of data 4. ...................................................... …..45
Table 4.5 The summary of analysis of data 5. ...................................................... …..47
Table 4.6 The summary of analysis of data 6. ...................................................... …..50
Table 4.7 The summary of analysis of data 7. ...................................................... …..52
Table 4.8 The summary of analysis of data 8. ...................................................... …..54
Table 4.9 The summary of analysis of data 9. ...................................................... …..55
Table 4.10 The summary of analysis of data 10. .................................................. …..57
Table 4.11 The summary of analysis of data 11. .................................................. …..59
Table 4.12 The summary of analysis of data 12. .................................................. …..62
Table 4.13 The summary of analysis of data 13. .................................................. …..64
Table 4.14 The summary of analysis of data 14. .................................................. …..67
Table 4.15 The summary of analysis of data 15. .................................................. …..69
Table 4.16 The summary of analysis of data 16. .................................................. …..71
Table 4.17 The summary of analysis of data 17. .................................................. …..73
Table 4.18 The summary of analysis of data 18. .................................................. …..75
Table 4.19 The summary of analysis of data 19. .................................................. …..78
Table 4.20 The summary of analysis of data 20. .................................................. …..80
Table 4.21 The summary of analysis of data 21. .................................................. …..82
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Table 4.22 The summary of analysis of data 22. .................................................. …..84
Table 4.23 The summary of analysis of data 23. .................................................. …..86
Table 4.24 The summary of analysis of data 24. .................................................. …..88
Table 4.25 The summary of analysis of data 25. .................................................. …..90
Table 4.26 The summary of analysis of data 26. .................................................. …..92
Table 4.27 The summary of analysis of data 27. .................................................. …..95
Table 4.28 The summary of analysis of data 28. .................................................. …..97
Table 4.29 The summary of analysis of data 29. .................................................. …100
Table 4.30 The summary of analysis of data 30. .................................................. …102
Table 4.31 Percentage of Flouting the Maxim(s). ................................................ …103
Table 4.32 Strategies of Flouting the Maxim(s). .................................................. …104
Table 4.33 Situation in which the Maxim of Relation is Flouted. ........................ …108
Table 4.34 Situation in which the Maxim of Quantity is Flouted......................... …111
Table 4.35 Situation in which the Maxim of Quantity is Flouted......................... …113
Table 4.36 Situation in which the Maxim of Manner is Flouted. ......................... …114
Table 4.37 Situation in which the Overlap of Quality, Relation and Manner. ..... …115
Table 4.38 Situation in which the Overlap of Quantity and Relation. .................. …116
Table 4.39 Situation in which the Maxim of Quantity and Manner Overlap. ...... …116
Table 4.40 Situation in which Overlap of Quantity, Quality, and Manner. .......... …117
Table 4.41 Intention of the speaker in flouting the maxim(s). .............................. …118
Table 4.42 Intention in different flouting of maxims............................................ …119
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Table 4.43 Intention employed by the speaker in flouting of maxims related to the
relation among the characters................................................................................ …120
Table 5.1 The intention of flouting the maxims.................................................... …129
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ABSTRACT
Bara Suda Susanto. C0307011. The Floutings of Cooperative Principle Maxims
in the Humor Movie Entitled Hitch (A Pragmatics Approach). Undergraduate
Thesis. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
This research attempts to find out the strategies of the flouting maxims used
by the speakers in the film entitled Hitch, the situation when the maxims are
flouted in conversation and the intention of the speaker in flouting the maxims in
their utterance. This research uses the pragmatic approach. It is a descriptive
research which takes total sampling technique. The data of this research were
taken from the dialogues in the humor movie entitled Hitch contained the floutings
of maxims. The data are classified based on Grice’s cooperative principles.
The first finding of the research shows that the total data of the research are
30 data. There are eight categories of flouting maxims namely the flouting maxims
of Relation with 11 data (36.70%), the flouting maxims of Quality with 7 data
(23.33%), the flouting maxims of Quantity with 6 data (20%), the flouting maxims
of Manner with 2 data (6.70%), the overlapping maxim of Quantity and Quality
with 1 datum (3.33%), the overlapping maxim of Quantity and Relation with 1
datum (3.33%), the overlapping maxim of Quantity and Manner with 1 datum
(3.33%), and the overlapping maxim of Quantity, Quality and Manner with 1
datum (3.33%).
The second finding of the research shows the situation when the maxims are
flouted in their conversation. The flouted maxim of Relation is chosen by the
characters when they refuse something, they get angry and dislike someone. Then,
the characters disobey the maxim of Quality when they dislike someone, they
satire other character and they lie to other characters. The characters only flout the
maxim of Quantity when they worry something and refuse something. The
character flouts the maxim of Manner when he expresses an idea. In result, the
speakers above also have the intention to create a humor situation as they flout the
maxim of Relation, Quality, Quantity and Manner.
The third finding of the research shows the intention of the speaker in
flouting the maxims on their utterance. There are nine kinds of intention: the first
intention is refusing something with 9 data. The second intention is expressing
one’s feeling with 6 data. The third intention is satire someone with 4 data. The
fourth intention is asking someone for doing something with 3 data. The fifth
intention is convincing someone with 3 data. The sixth intention is comforting
someone with 2 data. The last intentions are threaten personal, showing agreement
and disagreement with 1 datum.
As a result, there will be additional input in revealing the existence of nonobservance maxim in today’s humor communication as it can educate and increase
the life of human being.
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