The significance of the title as revealed through the relationship of the main character in D.H. Lawrence's novel, sons and lovers - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository

CHAPTBRI
IIITRODUCTION

1.1

Background

of

In studyinE
access

to

becomes

way

of

(Lazar,

sources is

increases

country

vocabulary

opinions

ES

literature

course,

this

literary

literature

is

is not

students
work

written

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a Eood

are

sone

enrichnent,

students'

The last

insiEht

learnt.

provides

and

Second,

8s

context

of

rich

reason,

as

encourages students

into

to

personal
express

and feelings.

throuElh

sone

the

cultural

One of the ways in expressing

that

languaEe

in the classroom (Co}1ie

the foreign

lit,erature

of

often

which provides

text

First,

grannar.

and

involvement,
their

One

n h o s e l a n E f u a E l ei s b e i n g

language enrichnent,

English

acqui.sition.

literature

1987:3-5).

Iinited

stimulating

1993:17).

this

have fairly

written

for

a literary

stinulatinEl

literature

and

inportance

reasons in using

the

"students

EnEIish,

prinary

SLater,

Study

spoken English,

acquisition"
English

the

analyzinEl a

an easy task.

opinions

literary
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have difficulty

because

and feelings

they do not

in

can

work.
be

0f
seen

analyzinEl

the

understand

the

2
parts

inportant

comprehend

of the literary

what

they

encouraEles herself
Literature
classes.
economical
inaglery,

into

poetry

is

figurative

prose fiction

which presents

or narrative

one or a few najor
diffieulties

the

stories.
has

reasons.

length,

novel

other

as

1989:53).
nessage
implies

explore

a

means

fn

the

whether

of

event:
sharing

noveL,
implicitly

to the truth.

events

The last

narrative

forn
on

there

or
and

fictions,

which

creates

an

and dialogue.

"a

a novel because

novel

greatly

is

1967:!At).

Because of

in considerable

characters.

could be a social

The

which focuses

in studying

(LittIe,

the

sound.

fictional

includes

story

character"

of

on

novels

of all,

the noveL will

heavily

This

First

the relationship
a

lonEfest

i.s interested

eoncerned with
its

the

and

nore

problens

through description

The writer
sone

nuch

and deals with

Anong the forms of

imagined world

of

lives.

or

Elenres

is

by actors.
fiction

characters

in their

novel

which

writer

work.

three

language, rhythn

and is designed to be perforned

short

the

the use of words and relies

second is drana or play

is

Hence,

the literary

classified

first

in

read.

in analyzing
is

The

have

work or even they do not

Second,

people read

also

or explicitly

The nessaEleusually

"reading
to

experience"
is

depth

each

( Robert,

significant
stated

deals with

that
the

q

prob leEs

of

life.

inaginative
the

literature

favorite

and readers

(Kennedy, 1991:213).

"the

novel

the

is

(1967:1El1). Next,

main

problems,
also

in

character

and structure.

it,

such

as

Among nany elenents

hold

eharacter

story

eannot

problems
By

part

important

to

be
be

thene

developnent
conflict

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can

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of the character,
and

its

outcome

explored

is

a
no

characters.

understand

in the story

characters

elenents

there

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we can a]so

chooses

a conflict,

because
by

many

conflict,

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a story

own

writer

has

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I{ithout

her

the

setting,

the characters

Furthernore,

or

theme,

faced and solved

between

his

writer

said

relationship

how

the novel

in the story.

of

goes on,

the

analyzinEl the conflict,

characteristics

the

since

of novel,

severa]

a novel,

ends. Finally,

precious

elenents

conflict,

by analyzing

faces and solves

and how the story

Eets sonething

Little

for

anxious to know how the story

eharacter

two

of

recognised

the

more

as the najority

and

have

been

the

novelists

readers

of

for

ideas,

feels

for

one of the best vehicles

of moral and social

writer

has

In addition,

expression

centuries"

forns

in EnEllish, the novel

of both writers

hundred years"
says that

"anong

Third,

and

the
the

thenselves.
through

the nature

of the

(Perrine,

1966: 121)

the

central
In

4
conclusion,

analyzing

the thene cannot be separated

analyzinEl the conflict
In this
Lawrence

study,

as

and the character.

the writer

a novelist

at

working

that

time,

elasses .

remarkable

with

lloreover,

1996:562).

stories

Lawrence

Sons and Lovers
into

The

relations,
relation
good

(1913),

applying

his

theories

health,

that

Peacock

which is

in particular

nake
( 1911),

later

split

(L927).

the problens

hunan

poor

many poens,

and Honen in Love

deseribing

As Kettle

is

poor

of nan and wonan. Besides that,
in

output

his

The Hhite

The Sisters

the

and his

novels

of

of

life

besides novels,

Lawrence deals with

novelist

conflict

are

Rainbon (1915)

these novels,

Despite

in

condition

Lawrence's

and essays. The four

well-known

interested

the situation

unsettled

Lawrence nanages to produce,
short

is

the social

especially

considerinel his

(Drabble,

health

would take David Herbert

beeause she

Lawrence's works which deal
England

fron

In
hunan

of
to

Lawrence is

relationship

the
a
and

says,

"Lawrence sees human relationship
essentially
in
terms of a conflict
out of which a synthesis is possible
convey
but by no neans inevitable.
It is his ability
to
- which does indeed Eto
sense of eonflict
across
this
finest
his
deeper than a rational
level - which Aives
personal
their
unique
relationships
descriptions
of
(1976l.7O4)
force and insight".
The

writer

would

like

to analyze

Sons and Lovers

si,nce

in this

Eluise

of

says

that

noveI,

fiction

inportant

young

finest

his

"Sons

noveI,

Lawrence wants to describe

the work that

novelists
that

nasterpiece"

( 1385 : 7).

his

's

side

the working classes
soot

penury,

and

obj ects

of

of

Sons

simply present
nother

This

doninated

by their

Lovers

not as

h i m a m o n g [t h e

novel

's

father

mother's

up,

as

hunan

nor

with

women. In addition,

that

fate.

Through this

Lawrence hinself

as clearly

even

in his

life,

as

which

boys

has
so

when the boys
relationships
had

suffered

Lawrence describes

as possible.

has two roles

in their

century
of

that

satisfactory

novel,

is

However,

beings

a fanily

affection

they cannot forn

.

are displayed
of fun

depicts

it

Lawrence's

is

figures
but

so

a nan who has chosen

and rej ected his
novel

first

Sons--and-LayeRs.does

the readers with

grow

main character,

established

the
EngeI

Lawrence's

generati.on in the twentieth

identified.

roles

was

Furthernore,

in this

youth.

and

his Eleneration,

and

conpassion,

gleneration after

l{oreI's

childhood

Lovers

and

undeniable

not

own

in

PauI l'lorel,
as a son

PauL
the
and

as a 1over. Niven states,
"In Paul's case, he is not iust a son to his nother
roles
can be
and a lover
to Hiriam
and Clara; the
times alnost his mother's
reversed
as he becones at
the
both
other women a kind of
beau and seeks fron
maternalism" ( 1978:49).
substitute
This

idea becones the title

of Lawrence's novel

Sons and

I.overs.

1.2 Statenent

This
of

of

study

is

intended

the main eharacter

Sons

and Lovers.

main character,
a

the Problens

writer

Paul l{orel

problen

main

character

relationship

between

charaeters,

the writer

into

I{hat

is

does

P a uI

unsuccessful

1-3 Objectives

The

The
the

In analyzinE!

the

and

to elaborate

other
the main

questions:

between

Paul

l.loreI, as

l'loreI , as a lover , always exper ience

relationships

of

roles,

between

character

would like

as

nother?

with

his

the study

is

lovers

?

the Study

objective

relati-onshi.p

main

relationship

a son, and his
2 . lihy

the

the

life,

problem.

the main

characters?"

the followinEl

the

novel,

character's

the relationship

and other

entitled

has two roLes in his

to write

"l{hat is

is

of the

Fron the nain

would like

main

problen

of D.H Lawrence's novel

Based on the title

son and as a lover.

the

to analyze the relationship

between

of

the

main

to

character

analyze
and

the
other

.7

characters.
following

to

This

objective

the

as a son, and
2, to find

out

always

his

paul llorel,

why paul Horel,

as a lover,

mother ,

experiences

unsuccessful

relationships

with

lovers.

of

The writer
more

greatest
of his

hopes that

English

works deal with
study
of

is

Final Iy,

Catholic

of

especially

novels.

literature

students.

,

because

at

study

some

almost

contributi.on

the English

Departnent

hopefu l1y

to
of

Departnent

encouraEles other
of

l{idya

to write

a study on literary

In other

words, the

will

the

University.

the English

University

novelists

of

psychology natters.

literature

this

people nay

Lawrence as one

aimed to give

llandala Catholic

students

through her study,

about David Herbert

the teaching
I'lidya

the Study

psychological

. This

that

the

between

relationship

the reasons

1.4 Significance

know

into

objectives:

describe

his

can be elaborated

become nore

wrj.ter

Handala
works,
expects

interestinEl

to

1.5 Scope and Linitation

The writer
one

of

of this

the

Lawrence's

particularly
nother

his

the

1.6 Definition

this

lovers,

works

in

her study only

of

based

part

important

the whole story

To

limits

in the relationship

and

thene is

thesis

Sons

and

in

Lovers

anong Paul HoreI,

his

on the reason that

this

the novel

and

influences

of the novel.

of f,ey Teras

avoid nisunderstandinEf,

some key terns

used

in

study are defined.

1. A

Novel

"a

is

considerable

length,

is unfolded

by

2. A charaeter
all

the

story

the actions,

is

good

plot

having

speech and

another
with

force

"a reasonable of a hunan
and the bad traits

is usually

character

with
or

typically

narrative

of
that

thouElhts of

c h a r a e t e r s " . ( S o u k h a n o v , 1 9 9 6 r 1 2 3 9) .

the

a

prose

fictional

nust

face.

character,

an idea

action.

3. Conflict

concerned with

is

or

(Robert,
"a

clash

of being

a najor

This may involve
with

a difficult

g fe n e r a l

being,

with

hunan". A

problem

that

interaetion
situation,

circunstances

that

1989:56).
of

actions,

ideas,

desires

I
or

rrills".

The

nain

other

nan");

he

force

-

physical

nature,

against

environnent");

or

nay

be

in

sonle elenents

in

hinself"

conflict

enotional

The

his

or nora1.

1.7 Theoretical

There

is

says

literary

is

that

her child

1.8 Organization

This

( "man

nature

with

against

physical,

be

nay

nental,

1966:59).

theory

novel,

thesis

of

which
this

in

deals

case
other

"any study of

the

characters

will

Freud,

a nother's

controlling

nost

in

a

author's

psychological
quoted

as

role
of

characters.

an

a

include

Besides that,

life.

between

with

analyzinEl

with

t,hat when only

inevitably

aspects of

("nan

fate

relationship

writing

(1986:8).

Bee, inplies
she

own

a fundanental

his

analysis"

or

he nay be in conflict

work or the relationship

and

some external

Franework

the main character's
Guerin

wi.th

society

(Perrine,

analyzinEl Sons and Lovers

Iife

conflict

against

( "nan aElainst

person or Elroup of persons

some

).

nay be pitted

eharacter

is

the

by

present,
inportant

(1975:.275).

the Study

is divided

into

five

chapters.

Chapter

7g
one presents
of

the

the backElround of

problens,

signifieance
definition
orEanization
review

the objectives

of the study,
of

key
of

and

the study.

related

about the nethodology.
analysis

of

characters.
conclusion

the nain
Fina1ly,

of

the

statenent
study,

theoretical

franework

Chapter two

deals

literature
studies.

which
Chapter

Chapter four
character's
chapter

and sugEestion.

the

the

the seope and linitation,

terns,

of the reLated

theories

the study,

covers
three

diseusses

relationship

five

is dealing

the
and

with

a

related
concerns
about the

with
with

other
the