LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM MUSEUM DIRGANTARA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

  

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

PERIODE LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017-2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

MUSEUM DIRGANTARA

DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

  

Tema Desain

  Arsitektur Metafora

  

Fokus Kajian

  Penerapan Struktur Advance Bentang Lebar

  

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

  

Benediktus Metatri Nugroho 14.A1.0070

Dosen pembimbing :

  

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B, MT

NIDN. 0616046301

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN

DESAIN

  

Maret 2018

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

  

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun Akademik 2017/2018

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Judul : Museum Dirgantara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tema Desain : Arsitektur Metafora

  Permasalahan Dominan : Penerapan Struktur Advance Bentang Lebar Penyusun : Benediktus Metatri Nugroho ( 14.A1.0070 ) Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B, MT Penguji : Prof. Dr.-Ing L.M.F Purwanto

  Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

Semarang, 25 Maret 2018

Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,

  Dekan Ketua

  Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Program Studi Arsitektur, Dra. B Tyas Susanti, MA, PhD.

  MD. Nestri Kiswari, ST, MSc NIDN. 0626076501 NIDN. 0627097502

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

  

Periode LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun Akademik 2017/2018

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Judul : Museum Dirgantara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tema Desain : Arsitektur Metafora

  Permasalahan Dominan : Penerapan Struktur Advance Bentang Lebar Penyusun : Benediktus Metatri Nugroho ( 14.A1.0070 ) Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B, MT Penguji : Prof. Dr.-Ing L.M.F Purwanto

  Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

Semarang, 25 Maret 2018

Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,

Pembimbing,

  

Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B, MT

NIDN. 0616046301

  Penguji, Penguji,

  Prof. Dr.-Ing L.M.F Purwanto Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN

  Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya : Nama : Benediktus Metatri Nugroho NIM : 14.A1.0070 Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode 73 Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2017 / 2018 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranara Semarang.

  Judul : Museum Dirgantara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tema Desain : Arsitektur Metafora Fokus Kajian : Penerapan Struktur Advance Bentang Lebar Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B, MT

  NIDN : 0616046301 Adalah bukan karya plagiasi dan jika kemuadian hari ditemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas siap menerima segala konsekuensinya.

  Semarang, 25 Maret 2016 Penulis,

  Benediktus Metatri Nugroho

PRAKATA

  Puji Syukur Kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat-Nya, dapat diselesaikannya Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) dengan judul Museum Dirgantara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sebagai syarat dalam menyelesaikan program Projek Akhir Arsitektur ke 73, Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Univesitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. Tidak lupa dihaturkan terimakasih kepada :

  1. Dra. Tyas Susanti, MA., PhD. selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain.

  2. M.D. Nestri Kiswari, ST, MSc. selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

  3. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, M.T. selaku koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur (PAA) 73.

  4. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St.B, M.T. selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah memberikan kritik, saran dan masukan selama proses pembuatan hingga penyelesaian LTP ini. Berharap melalui disusunnya Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat memberi gambaran secara jelas mengenai Proyek Akhir Arsitektur dengan judul Museum Dirgantara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

  Semarang, 28 Maret 2018 Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Museum Monjali di malam hari ................................................... 19Gambar 2.2 Peta Kabupaten Kulon Progo ...................................................... 39Gambar 2.3 Letak Museum Pusat TNI AU Dirgantara Mandala ................. 43Gambar 2.4 Loket dan Ruang Utama .............................................................. 43Gambar 2.5 Koleksi di Ruang Kronologi ......................................................... 44Gambar 2.6 Display koleksi seragam TNI AU RI ........................................... 44Gambar 2.7 Display koleksi atribut TNI AU RI ............................................... 45Gambar 2.8 Koleksi berbagai jenis pesawat bersejarah ............................... 45Gambar 2.9 Diorama sejarah kedirgantaraan Indonesia .............................. 45Gambar 2.10 Koleksi di ruang minat kedirgantaraan .................................... 46Gambar 2.11 Simulator pesawat P-51 Mustang dan mini theater ............. 46Gambar 2.12 Souvenir shop (kiri) dan kios (kanan) ...................................... 47

  Gambar 2. 13 Area parkir bus (kiri) dan halaman bermain (kanan) ............ 47

Gambar 2.14 Fasilitas Menara Pandang dan Restoran Tematik ................ 49Gambar 2.15 Zona Runway 27 Museum Angkut Airport .............................. 50Gambar 3.1 Visual field in horizontal plane ..................................................... 86Gambar 3.2 Visual field in vertical plane ......................................................... 87Gambar 3.3. Jarak pandang kenyamanan vertikal ........................................ 88Gambar 3.4. Jarak pandang kenyamanan horisontal ................................... 88Gambar 3.5. Jarak pandangan menyeluruh pengamatan hal khusus ........ 89Gambar 3.6. Jarak pandangan menyeluruh pengamatan hal khusus ....... 89Gambar 3.7. Kebutuhan ruang orang berdiri .................................................. 90Gambar 3.8. Kebutuhan orang ketika merawat benda koleksi .................... 90Gambar 3.9. Dimensi alat angkut barang ........................................................ 91Gambar 3.10. Kebutuhan ruang pameran patung ......................................... 92Gambar 3.11. Kebutuhan ruang pameran foto ............................................... 93Gambar 3.12. Kebutuhan ruang pameran pataka ........................................ 94Gambar 3.13. Kebutuhan ruang pameran kronologi ..................................... 95Gambar 3.14. Kebutuhan ruang pameran kronologi ..................................... 96Gambar 3.15. Kebutuhan ruang pameran diorama ....................................... 97Gambar 3.16. Ilustrasi pameran koleksi miniatur pesawat ........................... 98Gambar 3.17. Miniatur susunan sistem tata surya ......................................100Gambar 3.18. P-51 Mustang ...........................................................................101Gambar 3.19. Glider Kampret ........................................................................101Gambar 3.20. PZL – 104 Wilga Gelatik .........................................................102Gambar 3.21. AT-16 Harvard ..........................................................................102Gambar 3.22. Pesawat Terbang RI-X ...........................................................103Gambar 3.23. Cureng .......................................................................................103Gambar 3.24. Nishikoreng ...............................................................................104Gambar 3.25. Mitsubishi Army – 98 Guntei ..................................................104Gambar 3.26. Wel – I RI – X ...........................................................................105Gambar 3.27. NU 200 .....................................................................................105Gambar 3.28. Cessna Aircraft .........................................................................106Gambar 3.29. NAS 332-SUPER PUMA ........................................................106Gambar 3.30. North American B-25 Michell .................................................107Gambar 3.31. C-47 Dakota ..............................................................................107Gambar 3.32. UH-34 Sikorsky Helikopter .....................................................108Gambar 3.33. C-140 Jet Star Pancasila ........................................................108Gambar 3.34. PBY-505 (Catalina) ..................................................................109Gambar 3.35. UF 1 ALBATROS IR-7 ............................................................109Gambar 3.36 Tinggi optrade dan lebar aantrade .........................................111Gambar 3.37 Perhitungan jarak layar ke proyektor ....................................111Gambar 3.38 Ukuran sirkulasi pengguna teater...........................................112Gambar 3.39 Ukuran sirkulasi pengguna teater...........................................112Gambar 3.40. Pondasi Footplate ....................................................................131Gambar 3.41. Pondasi Sumuran ....................................................................132Gambar 3.42. Pondasi Tiang Pancang .........................................................132Gambar 3.43. Pondasi Raft .............................................................................133Gambar 3.44. Skeleton Structure ...................................................................133Gambar 3.45. Spaceframe ...............................................................................134Gambar 3.46. Baja Konvensional ...................................................................134Gambar 3.47. Shell ...........................................................................................135Gambar 3.48. Folded Plate ..............................................................................135Gambar 3.49. Keramik .....................................................................................136Gambar 3.50. Marmer ......................................................................................137Gambar 3.51. Karpet ........................................................................................137Gambar 3.52. Floor Hardener .........................................................................138Gambar 3.53. Batu Bata ...................................................................................139Gambar 3.54. Partisi Kaca ...............................................................................139Gambar 3.55. Kalsiboard .................................................................................140Gambar 3.56. ACP ............................................................................................140Gambar 3.57. Gypsumboard ...........................................................................141Gambar 3.58. PVC ............................................................................................141Gambar 3.59. Plafond Akustik .........................................................................142Gambar 3.60. Polycarbonat .............................................................................142Gambar 3.61. Roof garden ..............................................................................143Gambar 3.62. Roof glass .................................................................................143Gambar 3.63. Bitumen .....................................................................................144Gambar 3.64. Kalzip .........................................................................................144Gambar 3.65. Skylight ......................................................................................145Gambar 3.66. Clerestories ...............................................................................146Gambar 3.67. Lampu Flourescent .................................................................147Gambar 3.68. Lampu LED ...............................................................................147Gambar 3.69. Lampu Halogen ........................................................................148Gambar 3.70. Lampu SL ..................................................................................148Gambar 3.71. Wallwasher ...............................................................................150Gambar 3.72. Ground Lamps ..........................................................................151Gambar 3.73. AC Sentral .................................................................................152Gambar 3.74. AC Split ......................................................................................153Gambar 3.75. Exhaust fan ...............................................................................153Gambar 3.76. Tangga Darurat ........................................................................160Gambar 3.77. Pintu Darurat .............................................................................161Gambar 3.78. Smoke detector ........................................................................161Gambar 3.79. APAR .........................................................................................162Gambar 3.80. Hydrant Bangunan ...................................................................163Gambar 3.81. Hydrant Pekarangan ...............................................................163Gambar 3.82. Walk-Through Metal Detector ................................................164Gambar 3.83. CCTV .........................................................................................165Gambar 3.84. Virtual Reality ...........................................................................166Gambar 3.85. Augmented Reality ..................................................................166Gambar 3.86. Interactive LED Floor ...............................................................167Gambar 3.87. Travelator ..................................................................................167Gambar 3.88. Peta Kab. Kulon Progo ...........................................................174Gambar 3.89. Peta Adm. Kecamatan Temon ..............................................175Gambar 3.90. Peta Adm. Kecamatan Galur ................................................179Gambar 3.91. Batas Tapak Alternatif A ........................................................184Gambar 3.92. Batas Tapak Alternatif B ........................................................187Gambar 4.1 Batas Tapak Alternatif A ...........................................................209Gambar 5.1 Sydney Opera House .................................................................215Gambar 5.2 Notre Dame Du Haut dan interpretasi desainnya .................216Gambar 5.3 Museum of Fruit .........................................................................217Gambar 5.4 Museum of Fruit plan .................................................................217Gambar 5.5 Fruit Plaza, Museum of Fruit .....................................................219Gambar 5.6 Tropical Green House, Museum of Fruit ................................219Gambar 5.7 Workshop, Museum of Fruit ......................................................220Gambar 5.8. Himpunan Elemen Segitiga .....................................................226Gambar 5.9. Penanganan Tegangan Tekuk ................................................227Gambar 5.10. Rangka Ruang .........................................................................227Gambar 5.11. Mekanik space frame .............................................................228Gambar 5.12. Bentuk Dasar Double Layer Grids .......................................229Gambar 5.13. Multi Coloumn Support ...........................................................230Gambar 5.14. Supporting Coloumn ...............................................................230Gambar 5.15. Sambungan mero ...................................................................231Gambar 5.16. Sambungan unistrud ..............................................................232Gambar 5.17. Sambungan oktaplat ...............................................................233Gambar 5.18. Sambungan space deck .........................................................233Gambar 5.19. Sambungan triodietik ...............................................................234Gambar 5.20. Khan Satyr Project ..................................................................235Gambar 5.21. Interior Khan Satyr Project ....................................................236Gambar 5.22. Konstruksi Tripod Khan Satyr Project ..................................237Gambar 5.23. Konstruksi Tripod Khan Satyr Project ..................................237Gambar 5.24. Struktur Khan Satyr Project ...................................................238Gambar 5.25. Struktur Khan Satyr Section ...................................................238

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Data wisatawan di Museum PTNIAU Dirgantara Mandala ......... 2Tabel 2.1 Jumlah kunjungan terbesar museum di DIY ............................ 18Tabel 2.2 Alat/Prasarana ........................................................................ 35Tabel 3.1. Kelompok Kegiatan Utama ..................................................... 53Tabel 3.2. Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang ............................................... 55Tabel 3.3. Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelola ................................................ 56Tabel 3.4. Waktu Operasional Bangunan ................................................ 60Tabel 3.5. Pelaku dan aktivitas ................................................................ 62Tabel 3.6. Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................... 71Tabel 3.7. Persyaratan Ruang ................................................................. 73Tabel 3.8. Jumlah Pelaku Pengelola ........................................................ 82Tabel 3.9. Perhitungan Ruang Pameran .................................................. 92Tabel 3.10. Perhitungan Ruang Pameran Alutsista ............................... 101Tabel 3.11. Rekapitulasi Ruang Pameran Alutsista ............................... 110Tabel 3.12. Rekapitulasi Seluruh Ruang Pameran ................................ 110Tabel 3.13. Perhitungan Studi Besaran Ruang ..................................... 114Tabel 3.14. Perhitungan Studi Kebutuhan Parkir .................................. 129Tabel 3.15. Studi Sistem Struktur Bangunan ......................................... 131Tabel 3.16. Penutup Lantai .................................................................... 131Tabel 3.17. Dinding ................................................................................ 139Tabel 3.18. Plafond ............................................................................... 141Tabel 3.19. Penutup Atap ...................................................................... 142Tabel 3.20. Statistik Kepariwisataan DIY Tahun 2016 ........................... 169Tabel 3.21. Justifikasi Kab. Kulon Progo dan Kab. Gunung Kidul ......... 170Tabel 3.22. Tabel Penilaian Kecamatan ................................................ 181Tabel 3.23. Analisa Tapak A ................................................................. 185Tabel 3.24. Analisa Tapak B ................................................................. 188Tabel 3.25. Tabel Peniliaian Tapak ....................................................... 190Tabel 4.1. Kelompok Kegiatan Utama ................................................... 196Tabel 4.2. Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang ............................................. 198Tabel 4.3. Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelola .............................................. 199Tabel 4.4. Program Besaran Ruang ...................................................... 200Tabel 4.5. Program Sistem Struktur & Enclosure................................... 202Tabel 4.6. Tabel Penilaian Tapak A ...................................................... 210Tabel 5.1. Tolok Ukur Metafora ............................................................. 216Tabel 5.2. Sistem Struktur Bentang Lebar ............................................ 225

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ............................................................. 3Bagan 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Museum Dirgantara ................................. 31Bagan 3.1 Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung ...................................................... 58Bagan 3.2 Pola Aktivitas Pengelola ......................................................... 59Bagan 3.3 Pola Ruang Makro .................................................................. 77Bagan 3.4 Pola Ruang Mikro Area Pameran Utama ................................ 78Bagan 3.5 Pola Ruang Mikro Area Penunjang......................................... 79Bagan 3.6 Pola Ruang Mikro Area Pengelola .......................................... 80Bagan 3.7 Pola Ruang Mikro Area Servis ................................................ 81Bagan 3.8 Sistem Up-feed dan down-feed ............................................ 154Bagan 3.9 Sistem Limbah Cair .............................................................. 155Bagan 3.10 Jaringan Air Hujan .............................................................. 156Bagan 3.11 Jaringan Limbah Padat ....................................................... 156Bagan 3.12 Sistem Pemadam ............................................................... 163

DAFTAR GRAFIK

  Grafik 1.1 Perkembangan Wisatawan di DIY ............................................ 1 Grafik 3.1 Perkembangan Wisatawan di DIY .......................................... 83