SOCIAL RELATION AND STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANTON CHECKOV’S UNCLE VANYA DRAMA: Social Relation And Stratification Reflected In Anton Checkov’s Uncle Vanya Drama: A Marxist Perspective.
SOCIAL RELATION AND STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
ANTON CHECKOV’S UNCLE VANYA DRAMA:
A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for
Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in
English Department
by:
YHOLANDA ANGGRAINI
A 320 090 262
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL
SOCIAL RELATION AND STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
ANTON CHECKOY'S ANCLE VANYA DRAMA:
A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE
Research Paper
by:
YHOLANDA ANGGRAINI
1.320 090 262
Approved to be Examined
by the Consultant Team:
Consultant
I
Drs. M. Thovibi. MS.
NIK.41O
Consultant
II
ACCEPTANCE
SOCIAL RELATION AND STRATIF'ICATION REFLECTED IN
AIITON CHECKOV'S ANCLE VAIWA DRAMA:
AMARXIST PERSPECTIVE
Accepted by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on July 12,2013
Team of Examiners:
1.
3.
Dean
ilt
TESTIMONY
Here,
I
state that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of university. Nor there
are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or published by others, except
those
in which the writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in
bibliography. Hence later,
the future, I
if it
is proven that are some mistakes statements above in
will hold fully responsibility.
Surakarta,Julyll2013
The researcher
Yholanda Anggraini
IV
MOTTO
Real success is determined by two factors. First is faith, and second is
action. (Reza M. Syarief)
You have to endure caterpillars if you want to see butterflies.
(Antonio De Saint)
Today will be yesterday, and tomorrow will be another day, so let’s rock
this day to be a great yesterday. (The researcher)
When you believe a thing, believe it all the way, implicitly and
unquestionably.
(The researcher)
v
DEDICATION
With love, this research is dedicated to:
Allah SWT who gives guidance, power and opportunity,
My beloved and respectable Mother and Father for their
Prayer, love, affection, patient, support and advice,
My beloved sister and brother, Chizeta Anggraini and Raffi
Fauzi,
My special one, Jonathan Akbar for his prayer, love and time.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise and gratitude to ALLAH SWT, The Lord of the Universe, The Merciful
and Compassionate, thanks for continuing to guide her life. His blessing and guidance
supports her in finishing this paper entitled “SOCIAL RELATION AND
STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANTON CHECHOV’S UNCLE VANYA DRAMA:
A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE”. Praise and invocation are presented to Prophet
Muhammad SAW, who has led people to the right way.
She also realizes that the research is impossible to finish without the help,
guidance, information, encouragement and advice from others. Therefore, in this
opportunity she would like to express her special and deepest gratitude and
appreciation to:
1. Dra. N. Setyaningsih, M.Si, Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M. Hum. Chief of English Department in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, the researcher’s academic advisor of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta,
vii
4. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S, Academic Consultant and as the first consultant
who has given her permission to write this research paper, and for his
guidance and encouragement in order to make this research paper better,
5. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum, Second consultant who has give an advice,
guidance, great help and suggestion for correcting her research paper.
6. Her beloved greatest parents in the world for their prayer, and all they
have done to her, for everything and she loves them so much, ever after.
7. Her beloved sister and brother, Chizeta Anggraini and Raffi Fauzi, for
everything.
8. Her special one, Jonathan Akbar, for his prayer, happiness and love.
9. Her best friends, Miphta, Via, Siska and Lona, for the time and give her
the real meaning of friendship.
10. All of the MTL, Meylanie, Novia, Ratih, Impian, Ika, Nita, Ita, Alit, Nur,
Hafid, and Yogi.
11. All of the researcher’s friends in the world that cannot be mentioned one
by one, for being part of his life.
15. People who have contributed greatly to the completion of this research
paper, yet the writer can not mention them entirely.
Finally, she wants to thank the readers, especially those who are eager to give
constructive criticism that can make this research paper better. The researcher hopes,
this simple research paper would be beneficial to everyone.
viii
Alhamdulillahirobbilalamiin
Surakarta, July 11 2013
The Researcher,
Yholanda Anggraini
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER……………………………………………………………………. .
i
APPROVAL …………………………………………………......................
ii
ACCEPTANCE…………………………………………………………… .
iii
TESTIMONY………………………………………………………………
iv
MOTTO……………………………………………………………………..
v
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………...
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………………..
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ………………………………………………........
x
SUMMARY………………………………………………………………....
xiv
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study..........................................
1
B. Literature Review .....................................................
10
C. Problem Statement ...................................................
10
D. Limitation of the Study ............................................
11
E. Objective of the Study……………………………..
11
F. Benefit of the Study .................................................
11
G. Research Method ......................................................
12
H. Research Paper Organization ...................................
14
UNDERLYING THEORY ..........................................
16
A. Marxist Theory...................................................... .
16
1. Notion of Marxist Theory ................................
16
x
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
2. Principles of Marxist Theory ...........................
17
a. Dialectical Materialism ...........................
17
b. Historical Materialism ............................
19
c. Class Struggle .........................................
20
d. Alienation ...............................................
21
B. Structural Elements of the Drama ..........................
23
1. Character and Characterization ........................
23
2. Setting ..............................................................
25
3. Theme...............................................................
25
4. Style .................................................................
25
5. Plot……………………………………………
26
C. Theoretical Application ..........................................
27
SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY
IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY …… ..
28
A. Social Aspect……………………………………..
28
B. Economic Aspect…………………………………
32
C. Science and Technology Aspect……………….…
35
D. Religious Aspect……………………………….…
38
E. Cultural Aspect…………………………………...
41
F. Political Aspect…………………………………...
43
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ....................................
48
A. Structural Elements……………………………….
48
1. Character and Characterization……………….
48
xi
CHAPTER V
a. Major Character…………………………..
49
b. Minor Character…………………………..
52
2. Setting………………………………………...
56
a. Setting of Place……………………………
56
b. Setting of Time……………………………
58
3. Style…………………………………………..
58
a. Grammatical Structure…………………....
59
b. Sentence Construction……………………
59
c. Figurative Language……………………...
60
4. Plot……………………………………………
64
a. Plot Structure……………………………..
65
1) Exposition……………………………
65
2) Complication…………………………
65
3) Climax………………………………..
67
4) Resolution……………………………
68
b. Causality…………………………………
68
c. Plausibility……………………………….
69
5. Theme………………………………………...
69
B. Discussion……………………………………......
70
MARXIST ANALYSIS……………………………
73
A. Marxist Values…………………………………..
73
1. Dialectical Materialism………………………
73
2. Historical Materialism……………………….
76
3. Alienation……………………………………
77
4. Class Struggle………………………………..
78
B. Discussion………………………………………..
79
xii
CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……………
81
A. Conclusion……………………………………….
81
B. Suggestion……………………………………….
84
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SYNOPSIS
xiii
SUMMARY
YHOLANDA ANGGRAINI. A320090262. SOCIAL RELATION AND
STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANTON CHECKOV’S UNCLE VANYA
DRAMA:
A
MARXIST
PERSPECTIVE.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2013.
This research is descriptive qualitative research. The objectives of the research are
to analyze the social relation and to analyze the stratification reflected in Anton
Checkov’s Uncle Vanya .
In this study, the writer applies qualitative research in which the researcher does
not need a statistic to collect, to analyze and to interpret data. In brief, qualitative
research in the research is employing the method of collecting, describing,
classifying, and analyzing the data and then drawing conclusion. By using qualitative
method this research is aimed to describe the social relation and stratification of
Uncle Vanya drama based on Marxist perspective. The data sources are library and
literary data. Its purpose is to analyze using Marxist perspective.
After analyzing the Marxist perspective in the drama, the writer completes her
study by collecting the elements into unity. The Marxist analyze of the drama will
support the research. Anton Checkov generally wants to describe social relation and
stratification in the society through Uncle Vanya. The gap between the land owner
and the worker at the last of nineteenth century in Russia influences the social
relation each other.
Keywords: Drama, Social Relation, Stratification, Anton Checkov, Uncle Vanya,
Marxist Perspective.
xiv
ANTON CHECKOV’S UNCLE VANYA DRAMA:
A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for
Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in
English Department
by:
YHOLANDA ANGGRAINI
A 320 090 262
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL
SOCIAL RELATION AND STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
ANTON CHECKOY'S ANCLE VANYA DRAMA:
A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE
Research Paper
by:
YHOLANDA ANGGRAINI
1.320 090 262
Approved to be Examined
by the Consultant Team:
Consultant
I
Drs. M. Thovibi. MS.
NIK.41O
Consultant
II
ACCEPTANCE
SOCIAL RELATION AND STRATIF'ICATION REFLECTED IN
AIITON CHECKOV'S ANCLE VAIWA DRAMA:
AMARXIST PERSPECTIVE
Accepted by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on July 12,2013
Team of Examiners:
1.
3.
Dean
ilt
TESTIMONY
Here,
I
state that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of university. Nor there
are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or published by others, except
those
in which the writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in
bibliography. Hence later,
the future, I
if it
is proven that are some mistakes statements above in
will hold fully responsibility.
Surakarta,Julyll2013
The researcher
Yholanda Anggraini
IV
MOTTO
Real success is determined by two factors. First is faith, and second is
action. (Reza M. Syarief)
You have to endure caterpillars if you want to see butterflies.
(Antonio De Saint)
Today will be yesterday, and tomorrow will be another day, so let’s rock
this day to be a great yesterday. (The researcher)
When you believe a thing, believe it all the way, implicitly and
unquestionably.
(The researcher)
v
DEDICATION
With love, this research is dedicated to:
Allah SWT who gives guidance, power and opportunity,
My beloved and respectable Mother and Father for their
Prayer, love, affection, patient, support and advice,
My beloved sister and brother, Chizeta Anggraini and Raffi
Fauzi,
My special one, Jonathan Akbar for his prayer, love and time.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise and gratitude to ALLAH SWT, The Lord of the Universe, The Merciful
and Compassionate, thanks for continuing to guide her life. His blessing and guidance
supports her in finishing this paper entitled “SOCIAL RELATION AND
STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANTON CHECHOV’S UNCLE VANYA DRAMA:
A MARXIST PERSPECTIVE”. Praise and invocation are presented to Prophet
Muhammad SAW, who has led people to the right way.
She also realizes that the research is impossible to finish without the help,
guidance, information, encouragement and advice from others. Therefore, in this
opportunity she would like to express her special and deepest gratitude and
appreciation to:
1. Dra. N. Setyaningsih, M.Si, Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M. Hum. Chief of English Department in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, the researcher’s academic advisor of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta,
vii
4. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S, Academic Consultant and as the first consultant
who has given her permission to write this research paper, and for his
guidance and encouragement in order to make this research paper better,
5. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum, Second consultant who has give an advice,
guidance, great help and suggestion for correcting her research paper.
6. Her beloved greatest parents in the world for their prayer, and all they
have done to her, for everything and she loves them so much, ever after.
7. Her beloved sister and brother, Chizeta Anggraini and Raffi Fauzi, for
everything.
8. Her special one, Jonathan Akbar, for his prayer, happiness and love.
9. Her best friends, Miphta, Via, Siska and Lona, for the time and give her
the real meaning of friendship.
10. All of the MTL, Meylanie, Novia, Ratih, Impian, Ika, Nita, Ita, Alit, Nur,
Hafid, and Yogi.
11. All of the researcher’s friends in the world that cannot be mentioned one
by one, for being part of his life.
15. People who have contributed greatly to the completion of this research
paper, yet the writer can not mention them entirely.
Finally, she wants to thank the readers, especially those who are eager to give
constructive criticism that can make this research paper better. The researcher hopes,
this simple research paper would be beneficial to everyone.
viii
Alhamdulillahirobbilalamiin
Surakarta, July 11 2013
The Researcher,
Yholanda Anggraini
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER……………………………………………………………………. .
i
APPROVAL …………………………………………………......................
ii
ACCEPTANCE…………………………………………………………… .
iii
TESTIMONY………………………………………………………………
iv
MOTTO……………………………………………………………………..
v
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………...
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………………..
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ………………………………………………........
x
SUMMARY………………………………………………………………....
xiv
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study..........................................
1
B. Literature Review .....................................................
10
C. Problem Statement ...................................................
10
D. Limitation of the Study ............................................
11
E. Objective of the Study……………………………..
11
F. Benefit of the Study .................................................
11
G. Research Method ......................................................
12
H. Research Paper Organization ...................................
14
UNDERLYING THEORY ..........................................
16
A. Marxist Theory...................................................... .
16
1. Notion of Marxist Theory ................................
16
x
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
2. Principles of Marxist Theory ...........................
17
a. Dialectical Materialism ...........................
17
b. Historical Materialism ............................
19
c. Class Struggle .........................................
20
d. Alienation ...............................................
21
B. Structural Elements of the Drama ..........................
23
1. Character and Characterization ........................
23
2. Setting ..............................................................
25
3. Theme...............................................................
25
4. Style .................................................................
25
5. Plot……………………………………………
26
C. Theoretical Application ..........................................
27
SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY
IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY …… ..
28
A. Social Aspect……………………………………..
28
B. Economic Aspect…………………………………
32
C. Science and Technology Aspect……………….…
35
D. Religious Aspect……………………………….…
38
E. Cultural Aspect…………………………………...
41
F. Political Aspect…………………………………...
43
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ....................................
48
A. Structural Elements……………………………….
48
1. Character and Characterization……………….
48
xi
CHAPTER V
a. Major Character…………………………..
49
b. Minor Character…………………………..
52
2. Setting………………………………………...
56
a. Setting of Place……………………………
56
b. Setting of Time……………………………
58
3. Style…………………………………………..
58
a. Grammatical Structure…………………....
59
b. Sentence Construction……………………
59
c. Figurative Language……………………...
60
4. Plot……………………………………………
64
a. Plot Structure……………………………..
65
1) Exposition……………………………
65
2) Complication…………………………
65
3) Climax………………………………..
67
4) Resolution……………………………
68
b. Causality…………………………………
68
c. Plausibility……………………………….
69
5. Theme………………………………………...
69
B. Discussion……………………………………......
70
MARXIST ANALYSIS……………………………
73
A. Marxist Values…………………………………..
73
1. Dialectical Materialism………………………
73
2. Historical Materialism……………………….
76
3. Alienation……………………………………
77
4. Class Struggle………………………………..
78
B. Discussion………………………………………..
79
xii
CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……………
81
A. Conclusion……………………………………….
81
B. Suggestion……………………………………….
84
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SYNOPSIS
xiii
SUMMARY
YHOLANDA ANGGRAINI. A320090262. SOCIAL RELATION AND
STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN ANTON CHECKOV’S UNCLE VANYA
DRAMA:
A
MARXIST
PERSPECTIVE.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2013.
This research is descriptive qualitative research. The objectives of the research are
to analyze the social relation and to analyze the stratification reflected in Anton
Checkov’s Uncle Vanya .
In this study, the writer applies qualitative research in which the researcher does
not need a statistic to collect, to analyze and to interpret data. In brief, qualitative
research in the research is employing the method of collecting, describing,
classifying, and analyzing the data and then drawing conclusion. By using qualitative
method this research is aimed to describe the social relation and stratification of
Uncle Vanya drama based on Marxist perspective. The data sources are library and
literary data. Its purpose is to analyze using Marxist perspective.
After analyzing the Marxist perspective in the drama, the writer completes her
study by collecting the elements into unity. The Marxist analyze of the drama will
support the research. Anton Checkov generally wants to describe social relation and
stratification in the society through Uncle Vanya. The gap between the land owner
and the worker at the last of nineteenth century in Russia influences the social
relation each other.
Keywords: Drama, Social Relation, Stratification, Anton Checkov, Uncle Vanya,
Marxist Perspective.
xiv