SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): A MARXIST Social Stratification Reflected In Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Crime And Punishment (1866): A Marxist Approach.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN FYODOR
DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): A MARXIST
APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting
Barchelor Degree in English Education Department
by
Anna Maoza Amalia
(A320130035)
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
MOTTO
“Don’t tell people your dreams. Show them!”
“The struggle you are in today is developing the strength you need for
tomorrow”
“Every morning you have two choices: continue to sleep with your dreams or
wake up and chase them”
“The future depends on what you do today”
-MAHATMA GANDHI“Jika kamu ingin melihat pelangi, Kamu harus bertahan di saat hujan”
-DOLLY PARTON-
v
DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to:
-
My beloved parents
I love you more than anything Mom and Dad.
-
My beloved brother and sister: My beautiful sister mbak Dewi, mbak
Neka, and My handsome brother Mas Tanto and Handis. Thanks for
your supports and prayers.
-
My beloved friends
Thank you for being a nice friends: Keke, Rizka, Elya, Lena, Yusti,
Rida, Firda, Rara, Riska. I love to being crazy with you guys.
My awesome classmate in class A. Thanks to coloring my days during
four years.
vi
ABSTRACT
Anna Maoza Amalia/ A320130035, SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): MARXIST
APPROACH. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. April, 2017.
This study aims to investigate social stratification in Crime and Punishment
novel. The study describes the indicators of social stratification, shows how social
stratification depicted in the novel, and reveals the reason of Dostoyevsky why he takes
social stratification in his novel. This research is qualitative. In analyzing this novel, the
researcher uses Marxist approach. The primary data source is taken from Crime and
Punishment novel by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. While the secondary data sources are other
sources such as journals or articles related to the primary data. The result of the study
shows the following conclusions. First, there are three indicators of social stratification
such as occupation, property, and authority. Second, social stratification depicted in this
novel through characters, setting, events, and diction. Third, the reason why Fyodor
Dostoyevsky raises social stratification in his novel is to criticize the reign at that era. He
concerns with the poor people that oppressed.
Keywords: Crime and Punishment, Marxist, Social Stratification
ABSTRAK
Anna Maoza Amalia/ A320130035, SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): MARXIST
APPROACH. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta April, 2017.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukan stratifikasi kelas pada novel Crime
and Punishment. penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan indikator dari stratifikasi sosial,
untuk menunjukkan bagaimana stratifikasi sosial tergambarkan pada novel ini, dan untuk
menyatakan alasan Fyodor Dostoyevsky mengambil stratifikasi sosial pada novelnya.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Untuk menganalisis novel ini, peneliti
menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Sumber data utama yaitu dari novel Crime and
Punishment karya Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Sedangkan sumber data kedua yaitu data lain
seperti jurnal atau artikel yang terkait data utama. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan
beberapa kesilmpulan. Pertama, terdapat tiga indikator dari stratifikasi kelas seperti
pekerjaan, kekayaan, dan kekuasaan. Kedua, stratifikasi sosial tergambar pada novel ini
melalui karakter, alur, peristiwa dan diksi. Ketiga, alasan mengapa Fyodor Dostoyevsky
mengangkat stratifikasi sosial pada novelnya yaitu untuk mengkritik pemerintah pada
masa itu. Dia peduli terhadap rakyat miskin yang tertindas.
Kata Kunci: Crime and Punishment, Marxist, Stratifikasi Sosial
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamiin, all praise to Allah SWT for blessing and
guiding in completing this research papers as partial fulfillment of the requirement
for bachelor degree in English Department. In this occasion, the researcher
pronounces his thanks to the following:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum. as the Dean of Shool Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for
approving this research paper.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, as the Head of English of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, MS. as the first consultant, for his guidance, advices
and suggestion to the researcher.
4. All of the English Department lectures for their knowledge given to
the researcher.
5. All the element of her beloved Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
6. Her beloved parents. Thank you for the support, attentions, prayers,
and affections of all time.
7. Her beloved friends for their supports, affections, prayers, happiness,
and love.
8. All of the students in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
especially English Department students. Thanks for being nice friends.
The researcher understands that this research is still far from being
perfect. She welcomes any endorsing suggestion and criticism. She also greatly
expects that this research will be useful and be able to give contribution for
academic study and following research.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, April 2017
Anna Maoza Amalia
A320130035
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .............................................................................................................. i
PRONOUNCEMENT ..................................................................................... ii
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................... iii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .......................................................................
B. Problem Statements ................................................................................
C. Objective of the Study ............................................................................
D. Benefits/ Advantage ...............................................................................
E. Paper Organization .................................................................................
1
5
5
6
6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Underlying Theory .................................................................................. 7
1. Notion of Marxism .......................................................................... 7
2. Marxism in Literature ...................................................................... 8
3. Social Stratification.......................................................................... 8
4. Marxist Social Stratification ............................................................ 12
B. Previous Study ....................................................................................... 13
C. Novelty.................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Study ................................................................................... 16
B. Object of the Study ................................................................................ 16
C. Type of the Data and the Data Source ................................................... 16
D. Technique of the Data Collection .......................................................... 17
E. Technique of the Data Analysis .............................................................. 17
CHAPTER IV. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. The Indicators of Social Stratification .................................................... 18
1. Occupation ...................................................................................... 18
2. Property ............................................................................................ 26
3. Authority ......................................................................................... 29
B. How Social Stratification Depicted in Crime and Punishment ............. 30
1. Through Characters ......................................................................... 31
2. Through Setting ............................................................................... 31
3. Through Events ............................................................................... 32
4. Through Diction .............................................................................. 37
ix
C.
The Reason Why Social Stratification Addressed in
Crime and Punishment ........................................................................... 37
D. Discussion .............................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ............................................................................................. 42
B. Suggestion .............................................................................................. 43
C. Pedagogical Implication ......................................................................... 43
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
x
DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): A MARXIST
APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting
Barchelor Degree in English Education Department
by
Anna Maoza Amalia
(A320130035)
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
MOTTO
“Don’t tell people your dreams. Show them!”
“The struggle you are in today is developing the strength you need for
tomorrow”
“Every morning you have two choices: continue to sleep with your dreams or
wake up and chase them”
“The future depends on what you do today”
-MAHATMA GANDHI“Jika kamu ingin melihat pelangi, Kamu harus bertahan di saat hujan”
-DOLLY PARTON-
v
DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to:
-
My beloved parents
I love you more than anything Mom and Dad.
-
My beloved brother and sister: My beautiful sister mbak Dewi, mbak
Neka, and My handsome brother Mas Tanto and Handis. Thanks for
your supports and prayers.
-
My beloved friends
Thank you for being a nice friends: Keke, Rizka, Elya, Lena, Yusti,
Rida, Firda, Rara, Riska. I love to being crazy with you guys.
My awesome classmate in class A. Thanks to coloring my days during
four years.
vi
ABSTRACT
Anna Maoza Amalia/ A320130035, SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): MARXIST
APPROACH. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. April, 2017.
This study aims to investigate social stratification in Crime and Punishment
novel. The study describes the indicators of social stratification, shows how social
stratification depicted in the novel, and reveals the reason of Dostoyevsky why he takes
social stratification in his novel. This research is qualitative. In analyzing this novel, the
researcher uses Marxist approach. The primary data source is taken from Crime and
Punishment novel by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. While the secondary data sources are other
sources such as journals or articles related to the primary data. The result of the study
shows the following conclusions. First, there are three indicators of social stratification
such as occupation, property, and authority. Second, social stratification depicted in this
novel through characters, setting, events, and diction. Third, the reason why Fyodor
Dostoyevsky raises social stratification in his novel is to criticize the reign at that era. He
concerns with the poor people that oppressed.
Keywords: Crime and Punishment, Marxist, Social Stratification
ABSTRAK
Anna Maoza Amalia/ A320130035, SOCIAL STRATIFICATION REFLECTED IN
FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT (1866): MARXIST
APPROACH. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta April, 2017.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukan stratifikasi kelas pada novel Crime
and Punishment. penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan indikator dari stratifikasi sosial,
untuk menunjukkan bagaimana stratifikasi sosial tergambarkan pada novel ini, dan untuk
menyatakan alasan Fyodor Dostoyevsky mengambil stratifikasi sosial pada novelnya.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Untuk menganalisis novel ini, peneliti
menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Sumber data utama yaitu dari novel Crime and
Punishment karya Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Sedangkan sumber data kedua yaitu data lain
seperti jurnal atau artikel yang terkait data utama. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan
beberapa kesilmpulan. Pertama, terdapat tiga indikator dari stratifikasi kelas seperti
pekerjaan, kekayaan, dan kekuasaan. Kedua, stratifikasi sosial tergambar pada novel ini
melalui karakter, alur, peristiwa dan diksi. Ketiga, alasan mengapa Fyodor Dostoyevsky
mengangkat stratifikasi sosial pada novelnya yaitu untuk mengkritik pemerintah pada
masa itu. Dia peduli terhadap rakyat miskin yang tertindas.
Kata Kunci: Crime and Punishment, Marxist, Stratifikasi Sosial
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamiin, all praise to Allah SWT for blessing and
guiding in completing this research papers as partial fulfillment of the requirement
for bachelor degree in English Department. In this occasion, the researcher
pronounces his thanks to the following:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum. as the Dean of Shool Training
and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for
approving this research paper.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D, as the Head of English of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, MS. as the first consultant, for his guidance, advices
and suggestion to the researcher.
4. All of the English Department lectures for their knowledge given to
the researcher.
5. All the element of her beloved Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
6. Her beloved parents. Thank you for the support, attentions, prayers,
and affections of all time.
7. Her beloved friends for their supports, affections, prayers, happiness,
and love.
8. All of the students in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
especially English Department students. Thanks for being nice friends.
The researcher understands that this research is still far from being
perfect. She welcomes any endorsing suggestion and criticism. She also greatly
expects that this research will be useful and be able to give contribution for
academic study and following research.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, April 2017
Anna Maoza Amalia
A320130035
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .............................................................................................................. i
PRONOUNCEMENT ..................................................................................... ii
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................... iii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................ iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .......................................................................
B. Problem Statements ................................................................................
C. Objective of the Study ............................................................................
D. Benefits/ Advantage ...............................................................................
E. Paper Organization .................................................................................
1
5
5
6
6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Underlying Theory .................................................................................. 7
1. Notion of Marxism .......................................................................... 7
2. Marxism in Literature ...................................................................... 8
3. Social Stratification.......................................................................... 8
4. Marxist Social Stratification ............................................................ 12
B. Previous Study ....................................................................................... 13
C. Novelty.................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Study ................................................................................... 16
B. Object of the Study ................................................................................ 16
C. Type of the Data and the Data Source ................................................... 16
D. Technique of the Data Collection .......................................................... 17
E. Technique of the Data Analysis .............................................................. 17
CHAPTER IV. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. The Indicators of Social Stratification .................................................... 18
1. Occupation ...................................................................................... 18
2. Property ............................................................................................ 26
3. Authority ......................................................................................... 29
B. How Social Stratification Depicted in Crime and Punishment ............. 30
1. Through Characters ......................................................................... 31
2. Through Setting ............................................................................... 31
3. Through Events ............................................................................... 32
4. Through Diction .............................................................................. 37
ix
C.
The Reason Why Social Stratification Addressed in
Crime and Punishment ........................................................................... 37
D. Discussion .............................................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ............................................................................................. 42
B. Suggestion .............................................................................................. 43
C. Pedagogical Implication ......................................................................... 43
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
x