Aplikasi Mikrokontroler Sebagai Karakter Generator Televisi.
Aplikasi Mikrokontroler Sebagai Karakter Generator Televisi
Niki Guinea/0422135
Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Jalan Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri, MPH. No. 65
Bandung 40164, Indonesia
niki_g13@yahoo.com
ABSTRAK
Dalam rangka memperkenalkan barang dan/atau jasanya, produsen
membutuhkan media. Media tersebut bisa dalam bentuk media cetak maupun
media elektronik. Salah satu media elektronik yang mempunyai fasilitas
visualisasi adalah televisi. Melalui televisi dapat ditampilkan informasi baik teks
maupun gambar.
Pada tugas akhir ini telah direalisasikan alat untuk menampilkan karakter
yang dimasukkan melalui keyboard ke layar televisi. Alat tersebut direalisasikan
dengan menggunakan dua buah mikrokontroler yaitu AVR ATMega8 dan AVR
ATMega16. ATMega16 berguna untuk menerima kode layout yang dikirimkan
oleh keyboard, menerjemahkannya menjadi kode ASCII, dan kemudian
mengirimkannya ke ATMega8 melalui port serialnya. ATMega8 bertugas
menerima data dari ATMega16, kemudian mengolah dan memprosesnya menjadi
sinyal data dan sinyal sinkronisasi, dan dengan bantuan suatu interface kedua
sinyal tersebut dilakukan rendering menjadi sinyal komposit video sehingga dapat
ditampilkan pada televisi dengan spesifikasi : berukuran 40x25 karakter dan
karakter yang ditampilkan berwarna putih dengan layar berwarna hitam. Yang
dimaksud karakter di sini adalah hanya angka dan huruf.
Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan pada tugas akhir ini menunjukan bahwa
alat ini sudah berfungsi dengan baik, yaitu dapat menampilkan karakter yang
ingin ditampilkan ke layar televisi tanpa flicker.
kata kunci: keyboard, kode layout keyboard, AVR ATMega8, AVR ATMega16,
interface.
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Application Of Microcontroller For Television Character Generator
Niki Guinea/0422135
Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Christian Maranatha University
Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri, MPH Street No. 65, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
niki_g13@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In order to inform their goods and/or service, a producer needs a media.
That media can be form a printed media and electronic media. One of the media
which have visualization is a television. Television can display the information
both of text and picture.
This final project has been realized an equipment which it’s function is to
display the characters as we type at keyboard to the television. It has been realized
by using two pieces microcontrollers, AVR ATMega8 and AVR ATMega16. The
ATMega16 receive the keyboard’s layout code, decode it into ASCII code, then
send it into ATMega8 by serial port. ATMega8 receive the data from ATMega16
then process it into data and synchronize signal, and by using an interface they are
rendered into composite video signal, so it can be shown at television by : 40x25
monochrome character. There just figure and letters.
The result of the experiment in this final assignment shows this tools can
be used in properly, it can display the character which is want to show into
television without flicker.
keyword: keyboard, keyboard’s layout code, AVR ATMega8, AVR ATMega16,
interface.
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
SURAT PERNYATAAN
ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR...................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................v
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN....................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL...........................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR........................................................................................ ix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
I.1 Latar Belakang..............................................................................................1
I.2 Perumusan Masalah...................................................................................... 1
I.3 Tujuan........................................................................................................... 2
I.4 Pembatasan Masalah.....................................................................................2
I.5 Sistematika Penulisan................................................................................... 2
BAB II DASAR TEORI
II.1 Mikrokontroler.............................................................................................4
II.1.1 Arsitektur ATMega8.................................................................... 5
II.1.2 Blok Diagram ATMega8.............................................................. 7
II.1.3 Peta Memori ATMega8................................................................ 8
II.1.4 Arsitektur ATMega16................................................................ 10
II.1.5 Blok Diagram ATMega16.......................................................... 14
II.1.6 Peta Memori ATMega16............................................................ 16
II.1.7 Komunikasi Serial USART........................................................ 18
II.2 Sinyal Video.............................................................................................. 19
II.3.Pengulasan (Scanning).............................................................................. 20
II.4 Pulsa Sinkronisasi Horizontal....................................................................22
II.5 Pulsa Sinkronisasi Vertikal........................................................................23
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II.6 Standar Sistem Televisi............................................................................. 23
II.6.1 PAL (Phase Alternating Lines).................................................. 23
II.6.2 NTSC (National Television System Committee)....................... 23
II.6.3 SECAM (Sequentiel Couleur A Memoire)…………………… 24
II.7 Keyboard....................................................................................................24
BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI
III.1Cara Kerja................................................................................................. 26
III.2 Keyboard.................................................................................................. 27
III.3 Karakter Generator Televisi..................................................................... 27
III.3.1 Blok Konverter Kode Layout Keyboard ke Kode ASCII......... 28
III.3.2 Blok TV Terminal..................................................................... 29
III.3.3 Interface.....................................................................................30
III.4 Perancangan Perangkat Lunak................................................................ 32
BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN DAN ANALISA
IV.1 Pengukuran Sinyal Keluaran pada X3..................................................... 36
IV.2 Hasil Tampilan.........................................................................................38
IV.2.1 Hasil Tampilan pada Televisi................................................... 38
IV.2.2 Hasil Tampilan pada Komputer dengan Bantuan TV Tuner.... 39
IV.2.3 Hasil Tampilan pada Televisi dengan Sistem Lain (NTSC).... 45
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
V.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................................... 46
V.2 Saran..........................................................................................................46
DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................... 47
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN A
List Program CodeVision ATMega16........................................................... A-1
List Program untuk ATMega8 (TV Terminal).............................................. A-7
LAMPIRAN B
Skematik rangkaian keseluruhan................................................................... B-1
LAMPIRAN C
Foto Alat........................................................................................................ C-1
LAMPIRAN D
Datasheet ATMega8...................................................................................... D-1
Datasheet ATMega16.................................................................................... D-7
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Fungsi Khusus Port B ATMega8....................................................... 6
Tabel 2.2 Fungsi Khusus Port D ATMega8.......................................................7
Tabel 2.3 Fungsi Khusus Port B ATMega16................................................... 12
Tabel 2.4 Fungsi khusus Port C ATMega16.................................................... 13
Tabel 2.5 Fungsi khusus Port D ATMega16....................................................14
Tabel 3.1 Setting Keluaran Dari Mikrokontroler ATMega8........................... 31
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar II.1 Konfigurasi Pin ATMega8............................................................ 5
Gambar II.2 Blok Diagram Fungsional ATMega8............................................ 8
Gambar II.3 Peta Memori Program ATMega8.................................................. 9
Gambar II.4 Peta Memori Data ATMega8.......................................................10
Gambar II.5 Konfigurasi Pin ATMega16.........................................................11
Gambar II.6 Blok Diagram Fungsional ATMega16.........................................15
Gambar II.7 Peta Memori Program ATmega16.............................................. 16
Gambar II.8 Peta Memori Data ATmega16..................................................... 17
Gambar II.9 Tiga Level Sinyal Video..............................................................19
Gambar II.10 Proses Interlace Scanning.......................................................... 21
Gambar II.11 Interface Keyboard.................................................................... 24
Gambar II.12 Perbandingan Sinyal Klok dan Sinyal Data.............................. 25
Gambar III.1 Diagram Blok............................................................................. 26
Gambar III.2 Data Layout Keyboard............................................................... 27
Gambar III.3 Skema Rangkaian Blok Konverter Data Layout Keyboard ke
kode ASCII.................................................................................28
Gambar III.4 Skema Rangkaian Blok TV Terminal........................................ 29
Gambar III.5 Rangkaian Interface....................................................................31
Gambar III.6 Diagram Alir Sistem.................................................................. 33
Gambar III.7 Diagram Alir Subroutine TV TERMINAL................................34
Gambar III.8 Diagram Alir PAL Sinkronisasi................................................. 35
Gambar IV.1 Bentuk Sinyal jika Tidak Ada Data yang Dikirim..................... 36
Gambar IV.2 Bentuk Sinyal jika Dikirim Data Huruf ”J”............................... 37
Gambar IV.3 Bentuk Sinyal Data.................................................................... 37
Gambar IV.4 Start Up TV Terminal................................................................ 38
Gambar IV.5 Tampilan pada Televisi.............................................................. 39
Gambar IV.6 Tampilan pada Komputer.......................................................... 39
Gambar IV.7 Tampilan Jika Layar Penuh....................................................... 40
vii
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Gambar IV.8 Tampilan Setengah Layar.......................................................... 40
Gambar IV.9 Variasi Tampilan dengan Menggunakan Fungsi Enter..............40
Gambar IV.10 Membuat Gambar Menggunakan Huruf atau Angka...............41
Gambar IV.11 Contoh Pemasangan Iklan........................................................41
Gambar IV.12 Karakter yang dapat ditampilkan............................................. 42
Gambar IV.13 Variasi Tampilan ”Menggambar Tangga”............................... 42
Gambar IV.14 Contoh Tampilan ”Operasi Matematika”................................ 43
Gambar IV.15 Contoh Pemasangan Iklan Baris.............................................. 43
Gambar IV.16 Contoh Pemasangan Iklan Kolom........................................... 44
Gambar IV.17 Tampilan pada Televisi dengan Sistem NTSC........................ 44
viii
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perumusan masalah, tujuan, pembatasan masalah, spesifikasi alat yang dibuat dan
sistematika penulisan Tugas Akhir.
Multiplexing adalah pemakaian bersama kapasitas link dengan cara
menggabungkan data dari setiap kanal
tersebut. Tujuan penggunaan
multiplexing adalah agar dapat menghemat jumlah saluran fisik, misalnya kabel
serat optik.
Teknik multiplexing sendiri tidak lepas dari dua bagian penting yaitu
multiplexer dan demultiplexer. Multiplexer adalah rangkaian yang menerima
beberapa input data dan menyeleksi salah satu dari input tersebut pada saat
tertentu untuk dikeluarkan pada bagian output, sedangkan demultiplexer adalah
rangkaian yang menerima satu input data yang merupakan output dari multiplexer
yang lalu mendistribusikan input tersebut ke beberapa output.
Untuk mempermudah pemahaman tentang proses multiplexing dapat
dilakukan dengan beberapa cara salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan alat
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Dengan adanya mikrokontroler, peraga multiplexing dapat direalisasikan.
Multiplexer dan demultiplexer dapat dibuat lebih sederhana dan akan lebih
mudah disesuaikan dengan perangkat yang lain sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
Pengunaan kabel serat optik pada saat ini terus meningkat dan
tekhnologinya masih terus dikembangkan, hal ini dikarenakan kabel serat optik
memiliki banyak keunggulan antara lain mempunyai bandwidth yang lebar,
kecepatan transmisi yang tinggi, ukurannya kecil.
1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
2
Identifikasi masalah pada Tugas Akhir ini adalah merancang multiplexer
dan demultiplexer dijital sederhana menggunakan mikrokontroller AVR untuk
memperagakan proses multiplexing dan demultiplexing dalam pengiriman data
dijital melalui kabel serat optik.
Bagaimana merancang multiplexer dan demultiplexer dijital sederhana
menggunakan mikrokontroller AVR untuk memperagakan proses multiplexing
dan demultiplexing dalam pengiriman data dijital melalui kabel serat optik ?
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Tujuan Tugas Akhir ini adalah :
1.Merancang dan merealisasikan multiplexer dan demultiplexer menggunakan
mikrokontroller AVR.
2.Memperagakan proses multiplexing dan demultiplexing mengunakan
mikrokontroller AVR untuk pengiriman data melalui media serat optik.
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1. Perangkat dalam bentuk prototipe.
2. Data input merupakan data dijital
3. Multiplexer yang akan direalisasikan adalah multiplexer 4x1 sedangkan
untuk demultiplexer adalah 1x4.
4. Pengiriman data dilakukan dengan kecepatan rendah(maksimal 10 bit per
detik).
5. Media transmisi berupa kabel serat optik yang panjangnya ≤ 2 meter.
6. Pemrograman menggunakan CodeVisionAVR.
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
3
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1. Alat peraga direalisasikan menggunakan Mikrokontroller AVR (ATmega16).
2.Multiplexer memiliki 4 kanal input dan 1 kanal output sedangkan
demultiplexer memiliki 1 kanal input dan 4 kanal output
3. Media transmisi yang digunakan adalah kabel serat optik.
4. Data ditampilkan pada layar LCD(16x2).
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Pembahasan laporan tugas akhir ini disusun dengan sistematika sebagai
berikut :
Bab ini memberikan penjelasan mengenai latar belakang, identifikasi
masalah, perumusan masalah,pembatasan masalah, tujuan yang mendasari
penelitian tugas akhir dan sitematika penyusunan laporan tugas akhir.
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Bab ini berisi teori6teori dasar yang menunjang perancangan dan realisasi
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Niki Guinea/0422135
Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Jalan Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri, MPH. No. 65
Bandung 40164, Indonesia
niki_g13@yahoo.com
ABSTRAK
Dalam rangka memperkenalkan barang dan/atau jasanya, produsen
membutuhkan media. Media tersebut bisa dalam bentuk media cetak maupun
media elektronik. Salah satu media elektronik yang mempunyai fasilitas
visualisasi adalah televisi. Melalui televisi dapat ditampilkan informasi baik teks
maupun gambar.
Pada tugas akhir ini telah direalisasikan alat untuk menampilkan karakter
yang dimasukkan melalui keyboard ke layar televisi. Alat tersebut direalisasikan
dengan menggunakan dua buah mikrokontroler yaitu AVR ATMega8 dan AVR
ATMega16. ATMega16 berguna untuk menerima kode layout yang dikirimkan
oleh keyboard, menerjemahkannya menjadi kode ASCII, dan kemudian
mengirimkannya ke ATMega8 melalui port serialnya. ATMega8 bertugas
menerima data dari ATMega16, kemudian mengolah dan memprosesnya menjadi
sinyal data dan sinyal sinkronisasi, dan dengan bantuan suatu interface kedua
sinyal tersebut dilakukan rendering menjadi sinyal komposit video sehingga dapat
ditampilkan pada televisi dengan spesifikasi : berukuran 40x25 karakter dan
karakter yang ditampilkan berwarna putih dengan layar berwarna hitam. Yang
dimaksud karakter di sini adalah hanya angka dan huruf.
Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan pada tugas akhir ini menunjukan bahwa
alat ini sudah berfungsi dengan baik, yaitu dapat menampilkan karakter yang
ingin ditampilkan ke layar televisi tanpa flicker.
kata kunci: keyboard, kode layout keyboard, AVR ATMega8, AVR ATMega16,
interface.
i
U nive rsit a s K rist e n M a ra na t ha
Application Of Microcontroller For Television Character Generator
Niki Guinea/0422135
Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Christian Maranatha University
Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri, MPH Street No. 65, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
niki_g13@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In order to inform their goods and/or service, a producer needs a media.
That media can be form a printed media and electronic media. One of the media
which have visualization is a television. Television can display the information
both of text and picture.
This final project has been realized an equipment which it’s function is to
display the characters as we type at keyboard to the television. It has been realized
by using two pieces microcontrollers, AVR ATMega8 and AVR ATMega16. The
ATMega16 receive the keyboard’s layout code, decode it into ASCII code, then
send it into ATMega8 by serial port. ATMega8 receive the data from ATMega16
then process it into data and synchronize signal, and by using an interface they are
rendered into composite video signal, so it can be shown at television by : 40x25
monochrome character. There just figure and letters.
The result of the experiment in this final assignment shows this tools can
be used in properly, it can display the character which is want to show into
television without flicker.
keyword: keyboard, keyboard’s layout code, AVR ATMega8, AVR ATMega16,
interface.
ii
U nive rsit a s K rist e n M a ra na t ha
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
SURAT PERNYATAAN
ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR...................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................v
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN....................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL...........................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR........................................................................................ ix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
I.1 Latar Belakang..............................................................................................1
I.2 Perumusan Masalah...................................................................................... 1
I.3 Tujuan........................................................................................................... 2
I.4 Pembatasan Masalah.....................................................................................2
I.5 Sistematika Penulisan................................................................................... 2
BAB II DASAR TEORI
II.1 Mikrokontroler.............................................................................................4
II.1.1 Arsitektur ATMega8.................................................................... 5
II.1.2 Blok Diagram ATMega8.............................................................. 7
II.1.3 Peta Memori ATMega8................................................................ 8
II.1.4 Arsitektur ATMega16................................................................ 10
II.1.5 Blok Diagram ATMega16.......................................................... 14
II.1.6 Peta Memori ATMega16............................................................ 16
II.1.7 Komunikasi Serial USART........................................................ 18
II.2 Sinyal Video.............................................................................................. 19
II.3.Pengulasan (Scanning).............................................................................. 20
II.4 Pulsa Sinkronisasi Horizontal....................................................................22
II.5 Pulsa Sinkronisasi Vertikal........................................................................23
iii
U nive rsit a s K rist e n M a ra na t ha
II.6 Standar Sistem Televisi............................................................................. 23
II.6.1 PAL (Phase Alternating Lines).................................................. 23
II.6.2 NTSC (National Television System Committee)....................... 23
II.6.3 SECAM (Sequentiel Couleur A Memoire)…………………… 24
II.7 Keyboard....................................................................................................24
BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI
III.1Cara Kerja................................................................................................. 26
III.2 Keyboard.................................................................................................. 27
III.3 Karakter Generator Televisi..................................................................... 27
III.3.1 Blok Konverter Kode Layout Keyboard ke Kode ASCII......... 28
III.3.2 Blok TV Terminal..................................................................... 29
III.3.3 Interface.....................................................................................30
III.4 Perancangan Perangkat Lunak................................................................ 32
BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN DAN ANALISA
IV.1 Pengukuran Sinyal Keluaran pada X3..................................................... 36
IV.2 Hasil Tampilan.........................................................................................38
IV.2.1 Hasil Tampilan pada Televisi................................................... 38
IV.2.2 Hasil Tampilan pada Komputer dengan Bantuan TV Tuner.... 39
IV.2.3 Hasil Tampilan pada Televisi dengan Sistem Lain (NTSC).... 45
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
V.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................................... 46
V.2 Saran..........................................................................................................46
DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................... 47
iv
U nive rsit a s K rist e n M a ra na t ha
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN A
List Program CodeVision ATMega16........................................................... A-1
List Program untuk ATMega8 (TV Terminal).............................................. A-7
LAMPIRAN B
Skematik rangkaian keseluruhan................................................................... B-1
LAMPIRAN C
Foto Alat........................................................................................................ C-1
LAMPIRAN D
Datasheet ATMega8...................................................................................... D-1
Datasheet ATMega16.................................................................................... D-7
v
U nive rsit a s K rist e n M a ra na t ha
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Fungsi Khusus Port B ATMega8....................................................... 6
Tabel 2.2 Fungsi Khusus Port D ATMega8.......................................................7
Tabel 2.3 Fungsi Khusus Port B ATMega16................................................... 12
Tabel 2.4 Fungsi khusus Port C ATMega16.................................................... 13
Tabel 2.5 Fungsi khusus Port D ATMega16....................................................14
Tabel 3.1 Setting Keluaran Dari Mikrokontroler ATMega8........................... 31
vi
U nive rsit a s K rist e n M a ra na t ha
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar II.1 Konfigurasi Pin ATMega8............................................................ 5
Gambar II.2 Blok Diagram Fungsional ATMega8............................................ 8
Gambar II.3 Peta Memori Program ATMega8.................................................. 9
Gambar II.4 Peta Memori Data ATMega8.......................................................10
Gambar II.5 Konfigurasi Pin ATMega16.........................................................11
Gambar II.6 Blok Diagram Fungsional ATMega16.........................................15
Gambar II.7 Peta Memori Program ATmega16.............................................. 16
Gambar II.8 Peta Memori Data ATmega16..................................................... 17
Gambar II.9 Tiga Level Sinyal Video..............................................................19
Gambar II.10 Proses Interlace Scanning.......................................................... 21
Gambar II.11 Interface Keyboard.................................................................... 24
Gambar II.12 Perbandingan Sinyal Klok dan Sinyal Data.............................. 25
Gambar III.1 Diagram Blok............................................................................. 26
Gambar III.2 Data Layout Keyboard............................................................... 27
Gambar III.3 Skema Rangkaian Blok Konverter Data Layout Keyboard ke
kode ASCII.................................................................................28
Gambar III.4 Skema Rangkaian Blok TV Terminal........................................ 29
Gambar III.5 Rangkaian Interface....................................................................31
Gambar III.6 Diagram Alir Sistem.................................................................. 33
Gambar III.7 Diagram Alir Subroutine TV TERMINAL................................34
Gambar III.8 Diagram Alir PAL Sinkronisasi................................................. 35
Gambar IV.1 Bentuk Sinyal jika Tidak Ada Data yang Dikirim..................... 36
Gambar IV.2 Bentuk Sinyal jika Dikirim Data Huruf ”J”............................... 37
Gambar IV.3 Bentuk Sinyal Data.................................................................... 37
Gambar IV.4 Start Up TV Terminal................................................................ 38
Gambar IV.5 Tampilan pada Televisi.............................................................. 39
Gambar IV.6 Tampilan pada Komputer.......................................................... 39
Gambar IV.7 Tampilan Jika Layar Penuh....................................................... 40
vii
U nive rsit a s K rist e n M a ra na t ha
Gambar IV.8 Tampilan Setengah Layar.......................................................... 40
Gambar IV.9 Variasi Tampilan dengan Menggunakan Fungsi Enter..............40
Gambar IV.10 Membuat Gambar Menggunakan Huruf atau Angka...............41
Gambar IV.11 Contoh Pemasangan Iklan........................................................41
Gambar IV.12 Karakter yang dapat ditampilkan............................................. 42
Gambar IV.13 Variasi Tampilan ”Menggambar Tangga”............................... 42
Gambar IV.14 Contoh Tampilan ”Operasi Matematika”................................ 43
Gambar IV.15 Contoh Pemasangan Iklan Baris.............................................. 43
Gambar IV.16 Contoh Pemasangan Iklan Kolom........................................... 44
Gambar IV.17 Tampilan pada Televisi dengan Sistem NTSC........................ 44
viii
U nive rsit a s K rist e n M a ra na t ha
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Pada bab ini dibahas mengenai latar belakang, identifikasi masalah, tujuan,
perumusan masalah, tujuan, pembatasan masalah, spesifikasi alat yang dibuat dan
sistematika penulisan Tugas Akhir.
Multiplexing adalah pemakaian bersama kapasitas link dengan cara
menggabungkan data dari setiap kanal
tersebut. Tujuan penggunaan
multiplexing adalah agar dapat menghemat jumlah saluran fisik, misalnya kabel
serat optik.
Teknik multiplexing sendiri tidak lepas dari dua bagian penting yaitu
multiplexer dan demultiplexer. Multiplexer adalah rangkaian yang menerima
beberapa input data dan menyeleksi salah satu dari input tersebut pada saat
tertentu untuk dikeluarkan pada bagian output, sedangkan demultiplexer adalah
rangkaian yang menerima satu input data yang merupakan output dari multiplexer
yang lalu mendistribusikan input tersebut ke beberapa output.
Untuk mempermudah pemahaman tentang proses multiplexing dapat
dilakukan dengan beberapa cara salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan alat
peraga. Dengan adanya alat peraga dapat menggambarkan secara garis besar
proses
multiplexing
dan
demultiplexing,
sehingga
proses
multiplexing
multiplexing dan demultiplexing akan lebih mudah dipahami.
Dengan adanya mikrokontroler, peraga multiplexing dapat direalisasikan.
Multiplexer dan demultiplexer dapat dibuat lebih sederhana dan akan lebih
mudah disesuaikan dengan perangkat yang lain sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
Pengunaan kabel serat optik pada saat ini terus meningkat dan
tekhnologinya masih terus dikembangkan, hal ini dikarenakan kabel serat optik
memiliki banyak keunggulan antara lain mempunyai bandwidth yang lebar,
kecepatan transmisi yang tinggi, ukurannya kecil.
1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
2
Identifikasi masalah pada Tugas Akhir ini adalah merancang multiplexer
dan demultiplexer dijital sederhana menggunakan mikrokontroller AVR untuk
memperagakan proses multiplexing dan demultiplexing dalam pengiriman data
dijital melalui kabel serat optik.
Bagaimana merancang multiplexer dan demultiplexer dijital sederhana
menggunakan mikrokontroller AVR untuk memperagakan proses multiplexing
dan demultiplexing dalam pengiriman data dijital melalui kabel serat optik ?
! "
Tujuan Tugas Akhir ini adalah :
1.Merancang dan merealisasikan multiplexer dan demultiplexer menggunakan
mikrokontroller AVR.
2.Memperagakan proses multiplexing dan demultiplexing mengunakan
mikrokontroller AVR untuk pengiriman data melalui media serat optik.
#
1. Perangkat dalam bentuk prototipe.
2. Data input merupakan data dijital
3. Multiplexer yang akan direalisasikan adalah multiplexer 4x1 sedangkan
untuk demultiplexer adalah 1x4.
4. Pengiriman data dilakukan dengan kecepatan rendah(maksimal 10 bit per
detik).
5. Media transmisi berupa kabel serat optik yang panjangnya ≤ 2 meter.
6. Pemrograman menggunakan CodeVisionAVR.
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
3
$ %&
1. Alat peraga direalisasikan menggunakan Mikrokontroller AVR (ATmega16).
2.Multiplexer memiliki 4 kanal input dan 1 kanal output sedangkan
demultiplexer memiliki 1 kanal input dan 4 kanal output
3. Media transmisi yang digunakan adalah kabel serat optik.
4. Data ditampilkan pada layar LCD(16x2).
' %
Pembahasan laporan tugas akhir ini disusun dengan sistematika sebagai
berikut :
Bab ini memberikan penjelasan mengenai latar belakang, identifikasi
masalah, perumusan masalah,pembatasan masalah, tujuan yang mendasari
penelitian tugas akhir dan sitematika penyusunan laporan tugas akhir.
.
%
! ()
Bab ini berisi teori6teori dasar yang menunjang perancangan dan realisasi
alat yang dibuat. Teori yang dimaksud adalah dasar6dasar multiplexing,
sistem pertransmisian serat optik, mikrokontroler sebagai pengolah dari
keseluruhan sistem.
.
)
*
+
)
% %
Pada bab ini dijelaskan mengenai perancangan tiga mikrokontroller yang
digunakan
sebagai
pemberi
input
sinyal
digital,multiplexer
dan
demultiplexer , juga perangkat lunak yang dilengkapi dengan diagram alir
dari perangkat lunak.
,
!
Bab ini berisi
+
!
%%
hasil uji coba dari proses multiplexing menggunakan
mikrokontroller AVR
#
,- %
% )
Bab ini berisi kesimpulan dari Tugas Akhir dan saran6saran yang perlu
dilakukan untuk perbaikan di masa mendatang
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