Analysis Of Textbook Used At Basic English Course (Bec) (A Case Study at Basic English Course Pare Kediri) cover 1
ANALYSIS OF TEXTBOOK USED AT BASIC ENGLISH COURSE (BEC)
(A Case Study at Basic English Course Pare Kediri)
A Thesis
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Magister Pendidikan
in English Education
NUR SETYORINI
S891208031
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE SCHOOL
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
ii
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to declare that I myself wrote this thesis, entitled ―Analysis of
Textbook used at Basic English Course‖. It neither contains plagiarism nor is
written by others. Anything related to others‘ work is quoted accordingly, the
source of which is listed on the references. If then this pronouncement proves
incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic punishment including the withdrawal
or cancellation of my academic degree.
Surakarta, April 2015
Nur Setyorini
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Allah SWT, for without his divine blessing, this
thesis would not have been completed. In addition, I would also like to express
my gratitude to the people who have massively contributed to the completion of
this thesis:
1. Rector of Sebelas Maret University.
2. Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Sebelas Maret
University
3. Director of the Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University; and Head of
English Education Department of Graduate School of Sebelas Maret
University for their permission to conduct this research.
4. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd., the first consultant for the insightful
guidance throughout the whole process of this study.
5. Dr. Sumardi, M. Hum the second consultant for his advice, guidance and
patience.
6. Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M. Ed. Ph.D. the English Language Teaching
Management lecturer for her assignment to make the profile of English
Village Pare, Kediri, that inspired this thesis.
7. Mr. Kallend Ossen, Director of Basic English Course (BEC), Pare Kediri.
8. The teachers and the students of Basic English Course (BEC) who have been
the respondents in this research.
9. Mr. Damiri, S.Pd., M.Pd, my headmaster at SMP 3 Bae for the permission
and the support given.
10. Ms. Merlyn, my best friend for the ideas and opinions given to me
Lastly, I humble welcome any sort of criticism and suggestion for further
improvement. Hopefully this thesis gives beneficial to the readers.
Surakarta, April 2015
Nur Setyorini
setyo_rini09@yahoo.com
v
MOTTO
―Allah knows while you do not know.‖
(Allah Mengetahui sedang kamu tidak mengetahui)
(Al Baqarah: 216)
vi
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved parents, Bp. Sarbini (Alm) and Ibu Khoidah for blessing me with
much love,
My finest brothers and sisters who always support and encourage me,
My friends from Kudus, Pak Biyo, Bu Faiz, Pak Dian, Bu Vero, and Bu azki,
My would be husband.
vii
ABSTRACT
Nur Setyorini. ―Analysis of Textbook used at Basic English Course: A Case Study
at Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri.” Thesis, English Education
Department, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University. 2015 Consultant I: Prof.
Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M. Pd, Consultant II. Dr. Sumardi, M. Hum.
Primarily, this study aims at analyzing the two English textbooks used at
Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri. It specifically tries to answer the
following research questions: 1) What is the quality of textbook used at Basic
English Course (BEC) at English Village Pare Kediri, 2) To what extent textbook
used at Basic English Course (BEC) at English Village Pare Kediri contributes the
students‘ learning.
It was a qualitative study in the form of descriptive case study. The data
was collected through interviewing the respondents (teachers and students);
observing the class; from the questionnaire result of the textbooks using criteria
developed from Cunningsworth‘s (1995) and Litz‘s (2005) in terms of the
objectives, design and organization, language content, skills, topic, methodology,
and practical consideration and from notes of the evaluation form given by the
textbook evaluators. Moreover, for analyzing the survey data collected by means
of the questionnaire, each option of the items was ranked (poor: 1, fair: 2, good: 3,
excellent: 4)
The results of the analysis found that the quality of the two English
textbooks used at Basic English Course (BEC) tend to be simple. However, the
students felt comfortable with the way of the teachers teach using the textbooks
and they contribute a lot towards the students‘ learning. In accordance with the
pedagogical implication of this study, the findings of this study encourage the
textbook authors and teachers of ―Basic English Course‖ to modify some sections
of the textbooks in order to improve their quality. Additionally, this study
encourages the Basic English Course (BEC) management to provide textbooks
other than the textbooks written by Basic English Course (BEC) teachers in order
to improve the quality of language input and learning tasks for the students.
This study hopefully provides knowledge for teachers in analyzing and
evaluating textbook used in the classroom. It is really significant to ensure
whether the selected materials have already matched with the objectives of
teaching and learning program and with the students‘ needs and interests or not.
Keywords: textbook, English Course
viii
ABSTRAK
Nur Setyorini. ―Analisis Buku Teks yang digunakan di Basic English Course: A
Case Study at Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri.” Thesis, Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris. Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret. 2015
Pembimbing I: Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M. Pd, Pembimbing II. Dr. Sumardi, M.
Hum.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis buku teks yang di gunakan di
Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri. Pokok permasalahan yang diangkat
dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Bagaimana kualitas buku teks yang
digunakan di Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri, 2) Sejauh mana buku teks
yang digunakan di Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri memberikan
kontribusi bagi pembelajaran siswa.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dalam bentuk deskriptif studi
kasus. Dalam pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara
(guru dan siswa); pengamatan kelas; dari kuesioner yang diadopsi dari
Cunningsworth (1995) and Litz (2005) terkait dengan tujuan buku teks, desain dan
struktur buku teks, kebahasaan, keterampilan bahasa, metode, dan pertimbangan
kepraktisan. Pengumpulan data juga didapat dari catatan analisis oleh penganalisis
buku teks. Untuk menganalisis data dalam bentuk kuesioner, tiap pilihan jawaban
pertanyaan diberikan rentang nilai (kurang: 1, cukup: 2, bagus: 3, sempurna: 4).
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa buku teks yang digunakan di Basic
English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri cenderung sederhana. Akan tetapi, siswa
merasa nyaman dengan cara guru mengajar dengan menggunakan buku teks
tersebut dan berkontribusi besar dalam kesuksesan pembelajaran siswa.
Sehubungan dengan implikasi pedagogis dari penelitian ini, yaitu mendorong
penulis buku teks dan guru di Basic English Course (BEC) untuk memodifikasi
beberapa bagian dari buku teks tersebut dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan
kualitas buku teks yang digunakan di Basic English Course (BEC). Penelitian ini
juga menganjurkan pihak manajemen Basic English Course (BEC) untuk
menggunakan buku – buku referensi yang lain selain buku teks yang ditulis oleh
guru Basic English Course (BEC) sendiri dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan
kualitas input materi Bahasa Inggris dan latihan pembelajaran bagi siswa.
Hasil dari penelitian ini semoga dapat memberikan pengetahuan kepada
para guru dalam melakukan analisis dan evaluasi buku teks yang digunakan di
dalam kelas. Hal ini penting dilakukan untuk meyakinkan bahwa buku yang
digunakan sudah sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan
dan ketertarikan siswa atau tidak.
Keywords: buku teks, Kursus Bahasa Inggris
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE ...........................................................................................
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ................................................
LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ..................
PRONOUNCEMENT ...............................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................
MOTTO
...........................................................................................
DEDICATION .........................................................................................
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ..........................................................................
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
x
xii
xiii
xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
Background of the Study ...................................................................
Statement of the Problems ................................................................
Objectives of the Study .....................................................................
Significances of the Study ................................................................
1
10
10
10
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................
12
A. Theoretical Review ............................................................................
1. Textbook........................................................................................
a. Definition of Textbook .........................................................
b. Characteristics of a Textbook .................................................
c. Role of Textbook in Language Teaching ...............................
d. Criteria of a Good Textbook .................................................
2. Textbook Evaluation .....................................................................
a. Definition of Evaluation .......................................................
b. How to Evaluate Textbook ...................................................
c. Guidelines for Evaluating Textbook ....................................
3. Non - Formal Education ..............................................................
a. Definition of Non - Formal Education .................................
b. Role, Function, and Purpose of Non - Formal Education .....
c. Classification of Non - Formal Education ............................
B. Review of Relevant Studies .............................................................
12
12
12
14
16
20
27
27
29
30
33
33
34
36
37
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF THE RESEARCH ............................
45
A. Place and Time of the Research .........................................................
B. Research Design .................................................................................
C. Data and Data Resource ...................................................................
1. Informants .....................................................................................
45
46
47
48
x
2. Documents or archieves ................................................................
D. Techniques of Collecting Data .........................................................
1. Interview ........................................................................................
2. Document Analysis .......................................................................
E. Trustworthiness ..................................................................................
F. Technique of Data Analysis .............................................................
48
49
49
50
52
53
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .......
57
A. Research Findings .............................................................................
57
1. General Description of the Textbooks ..........................................
57
2. Quality of Textbook used at Basic English Course ......................
60
3. Contribution of Textbook used at Basic English Course towards Students‘
Learning .......................................................................................
81
B. Discussions .......................................................................................
93
C. Weaknesses of the Study ..................................................................
101
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions .......................................................................................
B. Implications .......................................................................................
C. Suggestions .......................................................................................
102
103
104
REFERENCES .........................................................................................
106
APPENDICES .........................................................................................
111
xi
LIST OF TABLES
3.1 The schedule of research ...................................................................
4.1 Evaluation activity at Basic English Course ....................................
xii
46
88
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 The materials evaluation process ......................................................
3.1 Illustration of data triangulation ........................................................
3.2 Interactive data analysis technique ...................................................
xiii
30
53
55
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1.1 Blueprint of Textbook Analysis used at BEC ..................
112
Appendix 1.2 Questionnaire Result of Textbook 1 (Evaluator 1, 2) .......
113
Appendix 1.3 Analysis of Describing Picture Handbook Questionnaire
117
Appendix 1.4 Notes of the Analysis Form ..............................................
120
Appendix 1.5 Questionnaire Result of Textbook 2 (Evaluator 1, 2)........
128
Appendix 1.6 Analysis of English in Use Questionnaire ........................
132
Appendix 1.7 Notes of the Analysis Form ..............................................
135
Appendix 1.8 The Transcript of Interview with BEC teachers ...............
143
Appendix 1.9 The Transcript of Interview with BEC students ................
161
Appendix 1.10 Sample Materials of Describing Picture Handbook .......
177
Appendix 1.11 Grammatical Errors and Inappropriate Expressions found in
English in Use Textbook ...........................................................................
178
Appendix 1.12 Different Text Length of Reading Passages taken from English in
Use Textbook ...........................................................................................
179
Appendix 1.13. Figures of Classroom Practices at BEC Pare Kediri ......
183
Appendix 14. Curriculum Vitae of Muchlas Yusak, the Second Evaluator of the
Research
...........................................................................................
185
xiv
(A Case Study at Basic English Course Pare Kediri)
A Thesis
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Magister Pendidikan
in English Education
NUR SETYORINI
S891208031
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE SCHOOL
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
ii
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
This is to declare that I myself wrote this thesis, entitled ―Analysis of
Textbook used at Basic English Course‖. It neither contains plagiarism nor is
written by others. Anything related to others‘ work is quoted accordingly, the
source of which is listed on the references. If then this pronouncement proves
incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic punishment including the withdrawal
or cancellation of my academic degree.
Surakarta, April 2015
Nur Setyorini
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Allah SWT, for without his divine blessing, this
thesis would not have been completed. In addition, I would also like to express
my gratitude to the people who have massively contributed to the completion of
this thesis:
1. Rector of Sebelas Maret University.
2. Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Sebelas Maret
University
3. Director of the Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University; and Head of
English Education Department of Graduate School of Sebelas Maret
University for their permission to conduct this research.
4. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd., the first consultant for the insightful
guidance throughout the whole process of this study.
5. Dr. Sumardi, M. Hum the second consultant for his advice, guidance and
patience.
6. Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M. Ed. Ph.D. the English Language Teaching
Management lecturer for her assignment to make the profile of English
Village Pare, Kediri, that inspired this thesis.
7. Mr. Kallend Ossen, Director of Basic English Course (BEC), Pare Kediri.
8. The teachers and the students of Basic English Course (BEC) who have been
the respondents in this research.
9. Mr. Damiri, S.Pd., M.Pd, my headmaster at SMP 3 Bae for the permission
and the support given.
10. Ms. Merlyn, my best friend for the ideas and opinions given to me
Lastly, I humble welcome any sort of criticism and suggestion for further
improvement. Hopefully this thesis gives beneficial to the readers.
Surakarta, April 2015
Nur Setyorini
setyo_rini09@yahoo.com
v
MOTTO
―Allah knows while you do not know.‖
(Allah Mengetahui sedang kamu tidak mengetahui)
(Al Baqarah: 216)
vi
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved parents, Bp. Sarbini (Alm) and Ibu Khoidah for blessing me with
much love,
My finest brothers and sisters who always support and encourage me,
My friends from Kudus, Pak Biyo, Bu Faiz, Pak Dian, Bu Vero, and Bu azki,
My would be husband.
vii
ABSTRACT
Nur Setyorini. ―Analysis of Textbook used at Basic English Course: A Case Study
at Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri.” Thesis, English Education
Department, Graduate School, Sebelas Maret University. 2015 Consultant I: Prof.
Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M. Pd, Consultant II. Dr. Sumardi, M. Hum.
Primarily, this study aims at analyzing the two English textbooks used at
Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri. It specifically tries to answer the
following research questions: 1) What is the quality of textbook used at Basic
English Course (BEC) at English Village Pare Kediri, 2) To what extent textbook
used at Basic English Course (BEC) at English Village Pare Kediri contributes the
students‘ learning.
It was a qualitative study in the form of descriptive case study. The data
was collected through interviewing the respondents (teachers and students);
observing the class; from the questionnaire result of the textbooks using criteria
developed from Cunningsworth‘s (1995) and Litz‘s (2005) in terms of the
objectives, design and organization, language content, skills, topic, methodology,
and practical consideration and from notes of the evaluation form given by the
textbook evaluators. Moreover, for analyzing the survey data collected by means
of the questionnaire, each option of the items was ranked (poor: 1, fair: 2, good: 3,
excellent: 4)
The results of the analysis found that the quality of the two English
textbooks used at Basic English Course (BEC) tend to be simple. However, the
students felt comfortable with the way of the teachers teach using the textbooks
and they contribute a lot towards the students‘ learning. In accordance with the
pedagogical implication of this study, the findings of this study encourage the
textbook authors and teachers of ―Basic English Course‖ to modify some sections
of the textbooks in order to improve their quality. Additionally, this study
encourages the Basic English Course (BEC) management to provide textbooks
other than the textbooks written by Basic English Course (BEC) teachers in order
to improve the quality of language input and learning tasks for the students.
This study hopefully provides knowledge for teachers in analyzing and
evaluating textbook used in the classroom. It is really significant to ensure
whether the selected materials have already matched with the objectives of
teaching and learning program and with the students‘ needs and interests or not.
Keywords: textbook, English Course
viii
ABSTRAK
Nur Setyorini. ―Analisis Buku Teks yang digunakan di Basic English Course: A
Case Study at Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri.” Thesis, Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris. Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret. 2015
Pembimbing I: Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M. Pd, Pembimbing II. Dr. Sumardi, M.
Hum.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis buku teks yang di gunakan di
Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri. Pokok permasalahan yang diangkat
dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Bagaimana kualitas buku teks yang
digunakan di Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri, 2) Sejauh mana buku teks
yang digunakan di Basic English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri memberikan
kontribusi bagi pembelajaran siswa.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dalam bentuk deskriptif studi
kasus. Dalam pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara
(guru dan siswa); pengamatan kelas; dari kuesioner yang diadopsi dari
Cunningsworth (1995) and Litz (2005) terkait dengan tujuan buku teks, desain dan
struktur buku teks, kebahasaan, keterampilan bahasa, metode, dan pertimbangan
kepraktisan. Pengumpulan data juga didapat dari catatan analisis oleh penganalisis
buku teks. Untuk menganalisis data dalam bentuk kuesioner, tiap pilihan jawaban
pertanyaan diberikan rentang nilai (kurang: 1, cukup: 2, bagus: 3, sempurna: 4).
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa buku teks yang digunakan di Basic
English Course (BEC) Pare Kediri cenderung sederhana. Akan tetapi, siswa
merasa nyaman dengan cara guru mengajar dengan menggunakan buku teks
tersebut dan berkontribusi besar dalam kesuksesan pembelajaran siswa.
Sehubungan dengan implikasi pedagogis dari penelitian ini, yaitu mendorong
penulis buku teks dan guru di Basic English Course (BEC) untuk memodifikasi
beberapa bagian dari buku teks tersebut dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan
kualitas buku teks yang digunakan di Basic English Course (BEC). Penelitian ini
juga menganjurkan pihak manajemen Basic English Course (BEC) untuk
menggunakan buku – buku referensi yang lain selain buku teks yang ditulis oleh
guru Basic English Course (BEC) sendiri dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan
kualitas input materi Bahasa Inggris dan latihan pembelajaran bagi siswa.
Hasil dari penelitian ini semoga dapat memberikan pengetahuan kepada
para guru dalam melakukan analisis dan evaluasi buku teks yang digunakan di
dalam kelas. Hal ini penting dilakukan untuk meyakinkan bahwa buku yang
digunakan sudah sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan
dan ketertarikan siswa atau tidak.
Keywords: buku teks, Kursus Bahasa Inggris
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE ...........................................................................................
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ................................................
LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ..................
PRONOUNCEMENT ...............................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................
MOTTO
...........................................................................................
DEDICATION .........................................................................................
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ..........................................................................
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
x
xii
xiii
xiv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
Background of the Study ...................................................................
Statement of the Problems ................................................................
Objectives of the Study .....................................................................
Significances of the Study ................................................................
1
10
10
10
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................
12
A. Theoretical Review ............................................................................
1. Textbook........................................................................................
a. Definition of Textbook .........................................................
b. Characteristics of a Textbook .................................................
c. Role of Textbook in Language Teaching ...............................
d. Criteria of a Good Textbook .................................................
2. Textbook Evaluation .....................................................................
a. Definition of Evaluation .......................................................
b. How to Evaluate Textbook ...................................................
c. Guidelines for Evaluating Textbook ....................................
3. Non - Formal Education ..............................................................
a. Definition of Non - Formal Education .................................
b. Role, Function, and Purpose of Non - Formal Education .....
c. Classification of Non - Formal Education ............................
B. Review of Relevant Studies .............................................................
12
12
12
14
16
20
27
27
29
30
33
33
34
36
37
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF THE RESEARCH ............................
45
A. Place and Time of the Research .........................................................
B. Research Design .................................................................................
C. Data and Data Resource ...................................................................
1. Informants .....................................................................................
45
46
47
48
x
2. Documents or archieves ................................................................
D. Techniques of Collecting Data .........................................................
1. Interview ........................................................................................
2. Document Analysis .......................................................................
E. Trustworthiness ..................................................................................
F. Technique of Data Analysis .............................................................
48
49
49
50
52
53
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .......
57
A. Research Findings .............................................................................
57
1. General Description of the Textbooks ..........................................
57
2. Quality of Textbook used at Basic English Course ......................
60
3. Contribution of Textbook used at Basic English Course towards Students‘
Learning .......................................................................................
81
B. Discussions .......................................................................................
93
C. Weaknesses of the Study ..................................................................
101
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions .......................................................................................
B. Implications .......................................................................................
C. Suggestions .......................................................................................
102
103
104
REFERENCES .........................................................................................
106
APPENDICES .........................................................................................
111
xi
LIST OF TABLES
3.1 The schedule of research ...................................................................
4.1 Evaluation activity at Basic English Course ....................................
xii
46
88
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 The materials evaluation process ......................................................
3.1 Illustration of data triangulation ........................................................
3.2 Interactive data analysis technique ...................................................
xiii
30
53
55
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1.1 Blueprint of Textbook Analysis used at BEC ..................
112
Appendix 1.2 Questionnaire Result of Textbook 1 (Evaluator 1, 2) .......
113
Appendix 1.3 Analysis of Describing Picture Handbook Questionnaire
117
Appendix 1.4 Notes of the Analysis Form ..............................................
120
Appendix 1.5 Questionnaire Result of Textbook 2 (Evaluator 1, 2)........
128
Appendix 1.6 Analysis of English in Use Questionnaire ........................
132
Appendix 1.7 Notes of the Analysis Form ..............................................
135
Appendix 1.8 The Transcript of Interview with BEC teachers ...............
143
Appendix 1.9 The Transcript of Interview with BEC students ................
161
Appendix 1.10 Sample Materials of Describing Picture Handbook .......
177
Appendix 1.11 Grammatical Errors and Inappropriate Expressions found in
English in Use Textbook ...........................................................................
178
Appendix 1.12 Different Text Length of Reading Passages taken from English in
Use Textbook ...........................................................................................
179
Appendix 1.13. Figures of Classroom Practices at BEC Pare Kediri ......
183
Appendix 14. Curriculum Vitae of Muchlas Yusak, the Second Evaluator of the
Research
...........................................................................................
185
xiv