A STUDY ON PROBLEMS IN DELIVERING SPEECH FACED BY THE TRAINING CLASS (TC) STUDENTS AT JJA (JUNE JULY AUGUST) 2013 PERIOD OF “BASIC ENGLISH COURSE”, PARE KEDIRI
A STUDY ON PROBLEMS IN DELIVERING SPEECH FACED BY THE TRAINING CLASS (TC) STUDENTS AT JJA (JUNE JULY AUGUST) 2013
PERIOD OF “BASIC ENGLISH COURSE”, PARE KEDIRI
THESIS
Written by:
YUMAN TONO SARDIANTO 09360010
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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A STUDY ON PROBLEMS IN DELIVERING SPEECH FACED BY THE TRAINING CLASS (TC) STUDENTS AT JJA (JUNE JULY AUGUST) 2013
PERIOD OF “BASIC ENGLISH COURSE”, PARE KEDIRI THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
Written by:
YUMAN TONO SARDIANTO 09360010
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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A STUDY ON PROBLEMS IN DELIVERING SPEECH FACED BY THE TRAINING CLASS (TC) STUDENTS AT JJA (JUNE JULY AUGUST) 2013
PERIOD OF “BASIC ENGLISH COURSE”, PARE KEDIRI
THESIS
Written by:
YUMAN TONO SARDIANTO
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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This thesis written by Yuman Tono Sardianto was approved on October 28th, 2013
By:
Advisor II, Advisor I,
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This thesis was defended in front of examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
on October 28th, 2013 Approval by
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
DR. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes
Examiners: Signatures:
1. Drs. Jarum, M.Ed 1………
2. Rahmawati Khadijah Maro, S.Pd, M.PEd 2.………
3. Riza Elfana, M.A 3.………
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DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to:
My beloved parents
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillaahirobbil’aalamiin, all praises belong to Allah SWT for giving us everything in this word. Praise and gratitude to Allah SWT to convey the researcher, as an abundance of grace and the guidance of his so this thesis can be finished. Peace and blessing always be given to the last messenger of Allah SWT, our prophet Muhammad SAW.
The researcher also dedicated my great appreciation and gratitude to my advisors; Mrs. Riza Elfana, M.A as my first advisor and Mr. Drs. Imam Mahfud, M.Pd as my second advisor who already gave guidance, correction, suggestion, support and patience during the process of completing my thesis.
Furthermore, the researcher would like to express my big gratitude to my beloved parents who gave all of their support and attention and keep me in their pray. The researcher also said thank you very much for all my friends whom already gave me support and motivation to finish my thesis. In addition, the researcher would like to express my thankfulness to the training class (TC) students at JJA (June July August) 2013 period of Basic English Course, the teachers of Basic English Course and the director of Basic English Course Mr. Kalend O. Finally, the researcher hopes that this thesis can be useful for the readers.
Malang, October 19th, 2013 The researcher, Yuman Tono Sardianto
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A STUDY ON PROBLEMS IN DELIVERING SPEECH FACED BY THE TRAINING CLASS (TC) STUDENTS AT JJA (JUNE JULY AUGUST) 2013
PERIOD OF “BASIC ENGLISH COURSE”, PARE KEDIRI ABSTRACT
In this century, most people in the world use speech in their communication like in a general election or promote something, etc. The idea of studying speech is not a new one. Speech training was being given by some countries to their citizens many centuries ago.
This research was conducted to know the problems in delivering speech faced by the training class (TC) students at JJA (June July August) 2013 period of “Basic English Course”, Pare Kediri and also the causes and the ways to cope with those problems. Research design used in this study was descriptive qualitative. The research subject of this study was speech group that had thirty seven students. There were three groups of weekly meeting, namely: Sunlight group, Starlight group and Skylight group in which each group was divided into five small groups: speech group, drama group, mastery of ceremony (MC), pronunciation corrector and grammatical correction.
The result of the study showed that there were two students’ problems in delivering speech, they were: linguistic problems and non-linguistic problems. First of all, the linguistic problems in this study were pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary or diction, comprehension and fluency. Secondly, the non-linguistic problems were anxiety or nervousness, embarrassment and forgetting. Mostof the causes of the problem were that the students got anxiety or nervousness that made them stage fright, so they made mistake in all aspects, and they were not ready yet to prepare their speech when they wanted to deliver speech even in material of speech, speech draft, pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and their mentality. To cope with the problems in delivering speech, the students attempted to do some effort, such as: practicing and trying, studying better than before, taking a deep breath, thinking positively, being relax, making some jokes, waiting for a moment to think the idea, praying, focus and enjoy delivering speech, asking to the teacher and friends, enriching their knowledge and vocabulary, keeping calm down and making small note to cope with their problem in term forgetting.
Key terms: Public speaking, Speech, Problem
The advisor 1 The Researcher
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL………... i
LEGALIZATION………. ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION………. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……… iv
ABSTRACT……….. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS………. vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of study……… ……... 1
1.2Statement of problem………... 5
1.3Purpose of Study ……….. 5
1.4Significance of study………..……. 6
1.5Scope and Limitation………...…… 7
1.6Definition of key term………...7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1Definition of speech……… ……... 9
2.2Types of speech……… 10
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2.4Speech preparations………. ………... 13
2.5Components of delivering speech……… 16
2.6Methods of delivering speech ………. 18
2.7The problems in speaking ………... 17
2.8The linguistic problems in delivering speech………. 20
2.9The non-linguistic problems of speech………21
2.10. Some techniques to minimize the problems in delivering speech…… 23
2.11. Some possible solutions to cope the problems in delivering speech……… ………... 24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design………... 27
3.2 Subject of the Study………. 28
3.3 Research Instruments……….……... 28
3.3.1 Questionnaire ………. ……... 29
3.3.2 Observation………. ……... 29
3.4 Data Collection……… 30
3.5 Data Analysis………... 31
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Finding……… 33 4.1.1 The students’ problems in delivering speech and the causes of those problems.……….. 33
4.1.2 The students’ ways to cope with the speech problems ……… 36 4.2 Discussion……… 38 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion………... 41
5.1.1 The students’ problems in delivering speech……… 41 5.1.2 The causes of the problems in delivering speech………… ……... 41 5.1.3 The students’ ways to cope with the problems in delivering speech………. 42 5.2 Suggestion……… 43
BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 4 APPENDIX 5 APPENDIX 6
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APPENDIX 7 APPENDIX 8 APPENDIX 9 APPENDIX 10
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ary, Donald and Jacobs, Lucy Cheser. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education (8th ed). Canada: Thomson Wadsworth.
Byrns, H. James. 1997. Speak For Yourself: An Introduction to Public Speaking (4th ed). United States of America: Thomson Learning, Inc.
Damayanti, Evy Royhana 2004. A Study on Students’ Problems in Learning Speaking at SMA 1Kejayaan Pasuruan. Malang: Unpublished Thesis.
Dwyer, Karen. 1998. Conquer your speech fright: Learn How to Overcome the Nervousness of Public Speaking. United States: Forth Worth Harcourt Brace and Company.
Fraenkel, Jack R. Wallen, Norman E and Hyun, Helen H. 2012. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. Gregory, Hamilton. 2002. Public Speaking for College and Career (6th ed). New
York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Hamilton, Cheryl. 2003. Essential of Public Speaking (2nd ed). Canada: Wadsworth Group.
http://ardictionary.com/speech/12184 downloaded on Tuesday, February 05, 2013, 11:28pm)
Isnia, Ully Laila. 2011. A Study on Linguistic Problems Faced by Second Grader of Al-Izzah Islamic Boarding School in English Speech Program. Malang: UMM Published Thesis.
Jaffe, Clella. 2001. Public Speaking: Concepts and Skills for a Diverse Society (3rd ed). Canada: Thomson Learning. Inc.
Klein, Stephen B. 1987. Learning: Principles and Applications. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Lucas, Stephen E. 2004. The Art of Public Speaking (8th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
McMillan, James H and Schumacher, Sally. 1993. Research in Education: A Conceptual Introduction (3rd ad). New York: HarperCollins College Publishers. Sadtono. 1987. Antologi Pengajaran Bahasa Asing Khususnya Bahasa Inggris.
Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Sellnow, Deanna D. 2003. Public Speaking: A Process Approach (Media ed). United States of America: Thomson Learning, Inc.
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Ur, Penny. 1996. A Course in Language Teaching (Practice and Theory). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Verderber, Rudolph. F. 2003. The Challenge of Effective Speaking (12th ed). United States of America: Thomson Learning, Inc.
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Chapter I
Introduction
This chapter presents the introduction to the research, which covers: background of the study, statement of problems, purposes of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, definition of keys term.
1.1Background of Study
English is one of the international languages that is used to communicate by most of the people in the world. In some countries, English is the second language that is used to communicate each other among people in the world in their daily conversations. For some speakers, English is not easy to learn. Like otherlanguages, English also has of four skills, they are; listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Speaking skill takes an important role in English.
Being able to speak English in front of the audience or in public speech also creates personal satisfaction because it gives the speaker more control over the speaker’s life. In addition, English speaking ability is also important to transfer knowledge from one to another. The transfer of knowledge from foreign people is easy to get if we know and understand the language they use. Therefore, a lot of people study English with the purpose to able to speak.
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In learning speaking, the speakers will get problems and difficulties in their leaning process or even when their want to deliver speech. According to Penny Ur (1996:121), inhibition, nothing to say, low or uneven participation, mother-tongue use are the problems that are faced in speaking activities. In addition, according to Damayanti’s research (2004) on students’ problems in learning speaking at SMA 1 KejayanPasuruan, Malang, she got the findings that the students had problem in speaking, there were 36% of the students having problem in vocabulary, 13% in pronunciation and grammar and 12% in topic. Some of them said that they had les self-confidence about English.
Having good speaking ability is useful in public speaking, where the speaker isemphasized not only the ability to speak but also the ability to communicate ideas. According to Byrns (1997), there are some types of public speaking, those are; banquet speaking, on-the job speaking, political speaking, ceremonial speaking and community speaking.
Speech itself is included in community speaking. Speech is the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to audiences by word of mouth with
style or manner of expressing yourself orally (http://ardictionary.com/speech/12184
downloaded on Tuesday, February 05, 2013, 11:28pm). Speaking in front of a large audience is very natural for a person to become nervous. The speaker will get some problems when they deliver their speech. For example, some anxieties that makes them unconfident and nervous. According to Cheryl Hamilton (2003: 39), “there are two kinds of anxiety that the speakerhas, they are; situational anxiety and trait
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anxiety. In other words, situational anxiety is caused by a new or different situation, whereas, trait anxiety is caused by feelings inside the speaker that exist regardless of the situation”. In addition, Dwyer (1998) states that there are some problems of giving speech, they are; nervous, tremble of fear, embarrassed.Furthermore,according to Sadtono (1987:17), the success of delivering speech can be influenced by two aspects; they are; non-linguistic and linguistic. Where, non-linguistic problems are the problems which affect in speech process. Linguistic problems are the problems that areaffected by speech performance in term of language knowledge aspects.
The fact that every speaking situation will cause butterflies (nervous), therefore, the speaker will get trouble in delivering the speech. In that situation, there are some possible solutions to copewith their problems. Cheryl Hamilton (2003:41) gave six suggestions that helped the speaker control the butterflies, they are: prepare and practice, warm up first, use deep breathing, plan an introduction that will relax you and your listeners, concentrate on meaning, use visual aids and with positive imagery to manage the trait anxiety.
In addition, UllyLailaIsnia (2011) in, “A Study on Linguistic Problems Faced by Second Grader of Al-Izzah Islamic Boarding School in English Speech Program”, found that 81,4% students got problems in pronunciation, in grammar 78%, in vocabulary 69%, in fluency 52% and 30% in unity or arranging the paragraphs when they deliver their speech. Furthermore, the result of this study also revealed the solutions of the problem. She gave some advises to cope with theirproblems such as thatthe students must consult their speech text to their teacher, the students practice
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their speech by delivering it in front of the teacher, the students should practice their English every day.
In this century, most people in the world use speech in their communication like in a general electionpromote something, etc. The idea of studying speech is not a new one. Speech training was being given by some countries to their citizensmany centuries ago. Therefore,assembling ofspeech as a learning program was applied by some countries. For example, most of the students in Indonesia learn how to extend speech well.
Right now, not only the school but most of the courses in Indonesia apply speech in their learning program. Basic English Course or sometimes called BEC is one of the courses in Indonesia exactly in Pare, Kediri that appliesspeech in the learning program exactly in weekly meeting program.The students of Basic English Course must finish three levels; they are BTC (Basic Training Class), CTC (Candidate of Training Class), and TC (Training Class).Speech program is held in each class’s level except in Basic Training Class (BTC) level. Training Class (TC) is the highestlevel in Basic English Course (BEC) that all of the students have good pronunciation, rich in vocabulary, and high understanding in grammar. Speech program applied in TC (Training Class) is done every Sunday that is called as “weekly meeting”. All of the students of TC (Training Class) must participate in the weekly meeting. Each student will get their turn to deliver their speech in front of the other students. They should deliver their speech for about ten until fifteen minutes for
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each student. In this case, some students get some problems when they deliver their speech.
Based on that phenomenon, the researcher wants to conduct the research about the problems in delivering speech faced by Training Class (TC) students at 121 JJA (June, July, August) 2013 period of Basic English Course (BEC), Pare Kediri. The researcher was interested in doing a research at Training Class (TC) students because the researcher found problems faced by them when they delivered their speech.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Based on the explanation in the background of study above, the researcher wants to investigate the problems in delivering speech faced by Training Class (TC) students in delivering their speech. The researcher states the problems as follows:
1. What problems did Training Class (TC) students at 121 JJA (June, July, August) 2013 period of Basic English Course face in deliveringspeech?
2. What were the causes of the problems?
3. How did the Training Class (TC) students cope with their problems?
1.3 Purpose of Study
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1. Tofind the problems faced by the Training Class (TC) students at 121
JJA (June, July, August) 2013 period of Basic English Course in delivering speech.
2. To find the causes of the speech problems faced by Training Class (TC) of Basic English Course.
3. To know the way the Training class (TC) students cope with their problems.
1.4 Significance of Study
The researcher hopes this study will be able to give contributionto the students, the teachers and other researchers.
1. Students
The students who learn speech will know the weaknesses in delivering speech. Moreover, they will know the ways to cope with their problems when they deliver their speech. Then, they can solve their weaknesses in speech.
2. Teachers
The teachers who teach how to deliver speech well will know the kinds of their students’ speech problems. Therefore, they will be able to improve their technique in teaching English, especially in speech program. Besides, the teachers will get the theoretical
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information about speech problems, so they can help their students to solve the speech problems faced by their students.
3. Researchers
For the researchers, the result of this study can be a reference for other researchers who want to conduct further researches on similar problems.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study focuses on investigating the parts of the students’ problems in delivering speech faced by training class (TC) students at 121 JJA (June July August) 2013 period of Basic English Course and the factors contributing to those problems.Beside, this study also focused on the students’ ways how to cope with their problems. In weekly meeting program, there were three groups of weekly meeting, namely: Sunlight group, Starlight group and Skylight group which each group was divided into five small groups: speech group, drama group, master of ceremony (MC), pronunciation corrector and grammatical correction.Theresearcher limits this studytothe speech group because this study concerns with speech problem.
1.6Definition of Key Term
In this section, the researcher defines the key terms, which are related to this research, to avoid the ambiguity and misinterpretation. The main terms are following:
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a. Public speaking is a way of making the speaker’s ideas public of sharing them with other people and of influencing other people (Lucas, 2004:4). b. Speech isa message presented to audience through words, sound, and an
action that contains idea and feeling selected and organized by the speaker but understood and interpreted by each individual member of the audience (Verderber, 2003:5).
c. Problem is a situation in which a person is motivated to reach a goal but attainment of the goal is blocked by some obstacle or obstacles (Klein, 1987:328).
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anxiety. In other words, situational anxiety is caused by a new or different situation, whereas, trait anxiety is caused by feelings inside the speaker that exist regardless of the situation”. In addition, Dwyer (1998) states that there are some problems of giving speech, they are; nervous, tremble of fear, embarrassed.Furthermore,according to Sadtono (1987:17), the success of delivering speech can be influenced by two aspects; they are; non-linguistic and linguistic. Where, non-linguistic problems are the problems which affect in speech process. Linguistic problems are the problems that areaffected by speech performance in term of language knowledge aspects.
The fact that every speaking situation will cause butterflies (nervous), therefore, the speaker will get trouble in delivering the speech. In that situation, there are some possible solutions to copewith their problems. Cheryl Hamilton (2003:41) gave six suggestions that helped the speaker control the butterflies, they are: prepare and practice, warm up first, use deep breathing, plan an introduction that will relax you and your listeners, concentrate on meaning, use visual aids and with positive imagery to manage the trait anxiety.
In addition, UllyLailaIsnia (2011) in, “A Study on Linguistic Problems Faced by Second Grader of Al-Izzah Islamic Boarding School in English Speech Program”, found that 81,4% students got problems in pronunciation, in grammar 78%, in vocabulary 69%, in fluency 52% and 30% in unity or arranging the paragraphs when they deliver their speech. Furthermore, the result of this study also revealed the solutions of the problem. She gave some advises to cope with theirproblems such as
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their speech by delivering it in front of the teacher, the students should practice their English every day.
In this century, most people in the world use speech in their communication like in a general electionpromote something, etc. The idea of studying speech is not a new one. Speech training was being given by some countries to their citizensmany centuries ago. Therefore,assembling ofspeech as a learning program was applied by some countries. For example, most of the students in Indonesia learn how to extend speech well.
Right now, not only the school but most of the courses in Indonesia apply speech in their learning program. Basic English Course or sometimes called BEC is one of the courses in Indonesia exactly in Pare, Kediri that appliesspeech in the learning program exactly in weekly meeting program.The students of Basic English Course must finish three levels; they are BTC (Basic Training Class), CTC (Candidate of Training Class), and TC (Training Class).Speech program is held in each class’s level except in Basic Training Class (BTC) level. Training Class (TC) is the highestlevel in Basic English Course (BEC) that all of the students have good pronunciation, rich in vocabulary, and high understanding in grammar. Speech program applied in TC (Training Class) is done every Sunday that is called as “weekly meeting”. All of the students of TC (Training Class) must participate in the weekly meeting. Each student will get their turn to deliver their speech in front of the
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each student. In this case, some students get some problems when they deliver their speech.
Based on that phenomenon, the researcher wants to conduct the research about the problems in delivering speech faced by Training Class (TC) students at 121 JJA (June, July, August) 2013 period of Basic English Course (BEC), Pare Kediri. The researcher was interested in doing a research at Training Class (TC) students because the researcher found problems faced by them when they delivered their speech.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Based on the explanation in the background of study above, the researcher wants to investigate the problems in delivering speech faced by Training Class (TC) students in delivering their speech. The researcher states the problems as follows:
1. What problems did Training Class (TC) students at 121 JJA (June, July, August) 2013 period of Basic English Course face in deliveringspeech?
2. What were the causes of the problems?
3. How did the Training Class (TC) students cope with their problems? 1.3 Purpose of Study
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1. Tofind the problems faced by the Training Class (TC) students at 121 JJA (June, July, August) 2013 period of Basic English Course in delivering speech.
2. To find the causes of the speech problems faced by Training Class (TC) of Basic English Course.
3. To know the way the Training class (TC) students cope with their problems.
1.4 Significance of Study
The researcher hopes this study will be able to give contributionto the students, the teachers and other researchers.
1. Students
The students who learn speech will know the weaknesses in delivering speech. Moreover, they will know the ways to cope with their problems when they deliver their speech. Then, they can solve their weaknesses in speech.
2. Teachers
The teachers who teach how to deliver speech well will know the kinds of their students’ speech problems. Therefore, they will be able to improve their technique in teaching English, especially in
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information about speech problems, so they can help their students to solve the speech problems faced by their students. 3. Researchers
For the researchers, the result of this study can be a reference for other researchers who want to conduct further researches on similar problems.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study focuses on investigating the parts of the students’ problems in delivering speech faced by training class (TC) students at 121 JJA (June July August) 2013 period of Basic English Course and the factors contributing to those problems.Beside, this study also focused on the students’ ways how to cope with their problems. In weekly meeting program, there were three groups of weekly meeting, namely: Sunlight group, Starlight group and Skylight group which each group was divided into five small groups: speech group, drama group, master of ceremony (MC), pronunciation corrector and grammatical correction.Theresearcher limits this studytothe speech group because this study concerns with speech problem.
1.6Definition of Key Term
In this section, the researcher defines the key terms, which are related to this research, to avoid the ambiguity and misinterpretation. The main terms are following:
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a. Public speaking is a way of making the speaker’s ideas public of sharing them with other people and of influencing other people (Lucas, 2004:4). b. Speech isa message presented to audience through words, sound, and an
action that contains idea and feeling selected and organized by the speaker but understood and interpreted by each individual member of the audience (Verderber, 2003:5).
c. Problem is a situation in which a person is motivated to reach a goal but attainment of the goal is blocked by some obstacle or obstacles (Klein, 1987:328).