The effect of totalitarianism goverment system toward the society as seen in Suzanne Collins` the hunger games

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THE EFFECT OF TOTALITARIANISM GOVERMENT
SYSTEM TOWARD THE SOCIETY AS SEEN IN SUZANNE
COLLINS’ THE HUNGER GAMES
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters

By
Siska Syofian
Student Number: 114214012

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2017

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

THE EFFECT OF TOTALITARIANISM GOVERMENT
SYSTEM TOWARD THE SOCIETY AS SEEN IN SUZANNE
COLLINS’ THE HUNGER GAMES
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters

By
Siska Syofian
Student Number: 114214012

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA
2017

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THE EI FFECT OFγ「 OTALI TARI I t t NI S] Ⅵ GOVERⅣI ENT
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STATEⅣI ENT OF ORI GI NALI TY

I

certify this undergraduate thesis contains no material that has

been

submitted for the award of any degree at any university, and that, to the best of my

knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by

any other person except where due reference is made
undergraduate thesis.

● nu町 23, 2017

Siska Syofian

V

in the text of

the

―

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I I AⅡ

UTUK KEPENTI NGAN AKADEPI I S
Yang ber t anda t angan di bawal l i ni , saya l nahasi sⅥ r a Uni vcr si t as Sanat a Dhal l l l a

: Siska Syofian

Nomor Wf ahasi swa : 114214012
Demi pengembanan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karyailmiah saya yang berjudul

THE EFFECT OF TOTALI TARI ANI SM GOVERMENT
SYSTEM TOwARD THE SOCI ETYИ SSEEVt t VS1/ z/ Ⅳ ⅣΞ
6θ ι ι ″ Ⅵ
「 ' ■ EE I じ Ⅳ GER GИ 四
Dengar l dcmi ki an saya i l l l l ember i kal l l kcpada Popust akaan uni ver si t as Sanat a

Dh響 l

hak unt ul c menyi l mpan, mcngal i hkan dal al l n bent uk mcdi a l ai n,

menge101anya dal al l l bcnt uk dat a, mendi st r i busi kan secar a t er bat as, dan
nl empubl i kasi kannya di i nt er l l et at au medi a l ai n unt ul c kepcnt i ngal l al cadcnus
t anpa per l u mel nha」 hk"ada sap譜
yi t t r Ⅲ P響 サ k"al as彎
sel al na t ct ap i ncncal nt ul ■ an nal na saya,
鞘
Demi ki an per l l yat aan i ni saya buat dengan sё benar nya,

E) i buat di Yogyakar t a,

Pada t angga1 27 J anuar y 2017

Yang menyakt t an,

Vl

―
―

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LEPI BAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJ UAN PUBLI KASI KARYA I LⅣ

Nal na

―

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

You were you,
And I was I,
We were two
Before our time
-Lang Leav-

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For
My Beloved Family,
My Crazy Friends,
and
My Sunshine

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my higher gratitude to the Lord for His
love that strengthens me along my path. I thank Him for the guidance and blessing
along my college life.
I also would like to thank my thesis advisors, Dr. F.X.Siswadi,M.A. and
Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka,M. Hum. for their patience and kindness in guiding me
to complete my thesis. I thank them for the advice and enlightenment. My
gratitude also goes to my co-advisor Harris Hermansyah S., S.S M.Hum. for his
willingness to read and give suggestions that helps me to improve my
undergraduate thesis. I would also like to thank to Sanata Dharma University for
giving me the opportunity to learn and develop myself in English Letters
Department.
Furthermore, I dedicate this thesis to my family and my sunshine for the
love and for the support. Finally, I would like to thank to all my friends who never
get tired to encourage me and listen to my story over and over. I thank you Astri,
Maya, Oxky, Koh Erhat and my sunshine for being by my side through my
hardest time. You guys rock!

Siska Syofian

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………… ii
APPROVAL PAGE……………………………………………………………..iii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE………………………………………………………....iv
LEMBAR PERYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH …...v

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY……………………………………………vi
MOTTO PAGE…………………………………………………………………vii
DEDICATION PAGE…………………………………………………………viii
ACKNOWLEDMENTS………………………………………………………...ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………...x
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………..xii
ABSTRAK…………………………..……………………………………………………xiii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………….………1
A. Background of the study……..……………………………………..….1
B. Problem Formulation………...……………………………………...….5
C. Objectives of the Study……………………………..……………..…...6
D. Definition of Terms…………………………………………………….6

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE…………………………………8
A. Review of Related Studies…………………………...………………..8
B. Review of Related Theories……………………………………….…11
1. Theory Character and Characterizations…....................................11
2. Totalitarianism…………………………………………………...14
C. Theoretical Framework………………………………………………16
CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY…………………………………………..18
A. Object of the study…………………………………………………...18
B. Approach of the study………………………….…………………….18
C. Method of the study………………………………………………….20

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CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS…………………………………………………...23
A. The General Characteristic of Peeta, Katniss, Effie Trinket and
President Snow ………………………………………………………23
B. The Representation of the Government system through Peeta, Katniss,
Effie Trinket and President Snow………………................................36
C. The Effect of the Totalitariansm Government System Toward the
society in The Hunger Games…………………………...…………...43
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION………………………………………………..46
BIBLIOGRAPH………………………………………………………………...48

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ABSTRACT

SYOFIAN, SISKA. The Effect Of Totalitariansim Government System
Toward The Society As Seen In Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger
Games.Yogyakarta; Departement of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata
Dharma University, 2017.
Government system is one of the important things that many people do not
realize. Government system has a big impact to what happened to the society. The
writer in this undergraduate thesis discusses this through Suzzane Collins’s The Hunger
Games.
The main focus of this undergraduate thesis is in the government system. There
are three problem formulations in this undergraduate thesis. The first is what are the
characteristic of Peeta, Katniss, President Snow and Effie Trinket in The Hunger Games?
The second problem formulation is how do the characteristic of Peeta, Katniss ,
President Snow and Effie Trinket represent the totalitarianism government system in
Panem? And the last is what is the effect of the totalitarianism government system to
the society of Panem?
Method of the study in this undergraduate thesis is the library research. The
main sources are The Hunger Games by Suzzane Collins. The second sources is from the
books and articles that related by the theories that uses in this study. The theory that
uses in this undergraduate thesis is the Character and Characterization by Murphy and
The New Criticism or Close Reading.
The first result is that the four characters are divided into two classes. The first is
the societies, represent by Peeta and Katniss. The second classes is the society point,
represent by Effie Trinket and President Snow. From society point, totalitarianism
government system is not the best government system because the government system
itself not suit with the situation and the condition that the people face in their daily life.
From the government glasses, this is the best government system because it arrages
everything and every aspect. Bad or good a government system, it depends on how the
system face and problem solved all of the problem and situation that happened in the
society.

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ABSTRACT
SYOFIAN, SISKA. The Effect Of Totalitariansim Government System
Toward The Society As Seen In Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games.
Yogyakarta; Departement of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma
University, 2017.
Sistem pemerintahan adalah salah satu aspek penting didalam kehidupan
yang tidak banyak orang menyadari hal itu. Sistem pemerintahan menentukan
aspek aspek apa yang akan terjadi didalam kehidupan masyakaratnya. Peneliti
mengangkat hal ini melalui novel Suzanne Collins, The Hunger Games.
Berfokus pada sistem pemerintahan, ada tiga rumusan masalah yang akan
dibahas pada penelitian ini. Rumusan masalah pertama adalah bagaimana
karekteristik dari Peeta, Katniss, Effie Trinket dan President Snow? Rumusan
masalah kedua bagaimana karakteristik dari keempat karakter menggambarkan
sistem pemerintahan yang totalitarian? Dan rumusan masalah ketiga adalah apa
efek dari sistem pemerintahantotalitariansm?
Metode penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian pustaka. Sumber
utama yang digunakan adalah The Hunger Games, karya Suzzane Collins. Sumber
sekunder yang diambil dari buku buku dan artikel artikel yang berkaitan dengan
teori teori yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini. Teori yang digunakan dalam
penelitian in iadalah teori Character and Characterization oleh Murphy dan teory
New Criticism atau Close Reading.
Temuan pertama bahwa karakter dari keempat tokoh mewaliki dua
golongan, yaitu golongan masyarakat yang diwakili oleh Peeta dan Katniss, dan
golongan kedua adalah golongan pemerintahan yang diwakili oleh Effie Trinket
dan President Snow. Dari golongan masyarakat, system pemerintahan bukanlah
system pemerintahan yang sesuai, dikarenakan masyarakat diatur didalam
segalahal dan aturan aturan yang berlaku tidak sesuai dengan keadaan dan kondisi
masyarakat. Dari sisi golongan pemerintahan, system pemerintahan totalitariansm
adalah system pemerintahan yang sesuai, karena mengatur segala sesuatu,
sehingga hal apapun dapat diatasi dan tertata dengan baik.

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CHAPTER

I

INTRODUCTION

A.

Background of the Study
One

of the best ways to voice the real voice is through the literary work.

I iterary work is the vehicle for the writer to expose and share their

..

thought,

experience, and imagination. Literary work can be in the form of poetry, prose, short

story or novel. Novel is one of the cofilmon media for the reader to enjoy literary
work.

A quote from E.M. Forster in Anonymity : An Enquiry, said that
"What is wonderful about great literature is that it transforms the man who
reads it towards the condition of the man who wrote."
Literary work is the tool of the imagination or the thought from the author that
spilled in the form of writing. The author of the literary work shares their work in
many ways.

It

can be irtrplicit, or explicit,

it

depends on the interpretation that the

reader uses.

The writer of this undergraduate thesis used a novel by Suzanne Collins, titled
The Hunger Games. This novel talk about so many aspects

of life, but the main focus

of the study is in the government system and the effect of that government system on
The Hunger Games, written by Suzanne Collins.

It is important to understand the

effect of the political systems because political system has a big impact in the people

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2

live. Political system control and affect the society in the country, so people life
depends on how the political in their country are.
Each political system has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are
several types of government system; according to BBC article (http://news.bbc.co.uk
20 June 2015), there are 12 types of government systems. The types are Anarchy,
Capitalist, Communist, Democracy, Dictatorship, Federal Low, Monarchy, Regional
or Local Government System, Republic, Revolutionary, Transitional, and the last is
Totalitarianism.
Totalitarianism is a system where the power is in the hand of a single political
party. Totalitarianism government system in Panem controls all aspect of their people,
and people are supposed to do what their government tells them. Usually, government
only controls in the politic, education, economic, but in the case of totalitarianism, the
government controls all aspect, starting from the important things down to the small
things, for example their people personal life.
The article from fire light source is one of the works that inspired the writer of
this undergraduate thesis to discuss the totalitarianism Government system. This
article stated that people in America thought that the full freedom that they have is not
fully a freedom.
“Don't fantasize that any political party whether he be a rational libertarian or
conservative will be able to rise up and save the country from the full
imposition of this totalitarian system that is being incrementally delivered to
us. The situation in the United States and in many other western countries has

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3

reached the tipping point where there can only be only one of two ends. Either
we will end up with total absolute dictatorial rule, or we will have a citizen's
revolt. I see no middle ground. The freedom of the press is not really free
without the ability of reporters to protect the confidentiality of those who have
the moral courage to make public the abuse of power. Those few individuals
inside government (like Snowden) who have dared to speak out against the
system of mass surveillance have been charged as spies under the espionage
act or hounded into exile.” (http://freshlightsource.com) 15 July 2016.

From this article, people do not belief anymore in their government. They
start to think that the real freedom is not fully a freedom. They believe that the
politician party and press are being controlled by the government. People are made to
believe that they have a full freedom, but they are not. The government already takes
control over everything, but they make people thought that people have control, when
it is actually not.
This article is a voice from people who live in America. The writer of this
undergraduate thesis sees the urge to discuss the totalitarianism government system. It
is important to understand and discuss the totalitarianism government system.
The

article

from

NYTIMES,

“North

Korea‟s

Atrocities.June20

2015.(http://www.bbc.com), is one of the works that also inspired the writer of this

undergraduate thesis to discuss the Totalitarian Government system. This article stated
that North Korea is a family dynasty based on government system.
North Korea is a country, whose the whole power is in the hand of the
government and the government is the one that control all aspect of their people life.

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The power is in the hand of a single person, and that person is the one who rules the
country.
Totalitarian Government system is not as famous as the other systems, some
countries still use it, but the way they use the system has gone wrong. Therefore, the
urge to discuss and to understand this type of government system is needed.
The first born ideas of Totalitarianism appear in 1920's by Italian fascists,
Giovanni Mendoza. Totalitarianism itself has been applied in a many form of
government system. North Korea is a country that since 1948 ruled by a family based
on the concept of self-reliance. Totalitarianism controls nearly all aspects of the state
from economical to political to social and cultural. The government has limitless
power over everything. Actually, Totalitarianism is a good political system, because
the power is in the hand of a person and makes the good rules, good arrangement and
have a full control over everything, so everything is under control, but people need
their freedom and their own life, if the government already controlled over everything,
even control their life, where the problem are.
Many literary works talk about politics, but only a few discuss the
totalitarianism goverment system. In this undergraduate thesis, the main focus is about
the effect of the totalitarianism from the novel The Hunger Game. The Hunger Game
is a first novel from a trilogy novel that published in 2008 by Suzanne Collins is one
of the great examples of the totalitarianism in the literary work. The Hunger Games is

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5

one of the most popular fiction novels. This novel has been filmed and gets a lot of
attention and appreciation from everyone. From the introduction in her novel, Collins
talks about survival.
The Hunger Game, the first novel of this trilogy by Suzanne Collins indeed is

the novel that talks and makes us understand about love, survival, freedom and power.
In this book, the main character Peeta and Katnisss go through a lot of things because
of the rules of the government system.
In the first book, the writer describes about the Panem government system and
the society responds toward the government system. It is very clear how society thinks
about their government system and how they seem so obedient while they are actually
not. People of Panem start to ask about the government system and fight for their
freedom and equality. The society start to realize that they are not the one who takes
control and they start to fight for their own freedom and for the better government
system.
B. Problem Formulation
1. What are the characteristics of Peeta, Katniss, President Snow and Effie
Trinket in The Hunger Games?
2. How do Peeta, Katniss, President Snow and Effie Trinket characteristic
represent the totalitarianism government system in Panem?

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3. What is the effect of the totalitarian government system to the society of
Panem?

C. Objectives of the Study
Based on the problem formulation, the main goal of this undergraduate thesis
is to see the effect from the totalitarianism government system that has been used in
The Hunger Games. In order to know the effect, the first aim from this study is to

understand the characteristic from Peeta, Katniss, Effie Trinket, and President Snow.
These four characters are the representation from all classes in the society at The
Hunger Games. They are the chosen character because the writer of this undergraduate

thesis thought that they are enough to represent all of the Panem society because in the
story, they came from different classes and different stories. From Peeta, Katniss Effie
Trinket and President Snow characteristic is enough to represent the society.
After analyzing the character and characterization, the next aim from this
novel is to see the totalitarian government system from the four characters by
explaining how this four main character represent the Panem society and the
totalitarian government system by split it into two point of view that represented from
the character. There are two point of view that the writer of this undergraduate thesis
uses, which is from the government point of view and from the society or the people
point of view. The last aim of this undergraduate thesis is to see the effect of this
totalitarianism government system on The Hunger Games.

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D. Definition of Terms
In this part, the writer wants to give an explanation to the reader about the key
terms used in this undergraduate thesis to avoid the misunderstanding.
Totalitarian is a political system that controls all aspect of the society, start
from the bigger until the smallest part of their people lives. Totalitarianism is a
government system that the power is in the hand of the single person. (Gregor,200931)The government has a total power in a hand of a person or a single political party

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CHAPTER

II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A.

Review of Related Studies
There are two articles done by the two researchers about The Hunger Games.

The first articles are from Kjellaug Therese HaugeHamre, entitled Suzanne Collins's

Hunger Games Trilogl,t and Social Criticism.In his articel, Suzanne Collins' Hunger
Games Trilogy and Social Criticism by Kjellaug Therese HaugeHamre, he analyzed

all of the three books which are The Hunger Games,Catching Fire and Mockingjay.

He

analyzed

all of these three novels, The Hunger

Games, Catching

Fire

and

Mockingjay because all of the three novels are related to each other and help to
defend and strengthens his perspective. In the first chapter, he was disused about
dystopia and utopia theory, and he said that The Hunger Games is a dystopia. "The
last part of this definition fits the world of The Hunger Games quite well, as

it is only

the residents of the Capitol that live a seemingly carefree and privileged life, while

it

is the people in the districts that work and provide them with various goods." Page
10.

"After learning more about the Games, their purpose and how they work, the
concept of the Hunger Games reminds us very much of the reality television
shows we have today. By mixing Survivor and Big Brother with murderous
children, Collins has taken this concept to an extreme level. By having boys
and girls kill each other for the amusement of the very few and well to do in
the Capitol, and as punishment for the people in the districts, we are way
beyond the limit of what we would find acceptable both as entertainment and
most likely as punishment today" (Hamre, 2013: 13)

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In his second chapter, he analyzes The Hunger Game, the first book. He
discussed The Hunger Games itself is the symbol that indicates entertainment in the
power control. The game itself, which is an entertainment according to Hamre, is just
a symbol or a warning to the people to remain them that the government is the one
who takes control about everything and to strengthen the government itself.
Government in this novel tells as the one who control every single thing. Hamre, in
this chapter also discussed about Katniss and Peeta rebellious. These two characters
know their position, and they did not want to a toy, so they do rebellious act in the
hunger game are. Also, Hamre said about the mood, which is from the beginning in
the novel, the mood is already in the negative setting could, rough, bad dreams and
reaping.
Hamre also talks about the Catching Fire and Mockingjay. He states again
that the three novels are a one unity and difficult to analyzed part apart. In this
chapter, Hamre highlights about the food, which in the capitol, people eat and then
vomit so that they can eat everything they want, and compare them with the people in
the district 12 that so hard to get food. In this chapter, Hamre also talk about war. He
said that in the first book, war is not something that needs to be discussed and there is
no such a thing that indicates as war, but not in the other books. In the second and
third book, war is something essential because people start to realize the truth.
What are the differences between Hemre article with this study is that this
study only analyzes and seen through the first book, which is The Hunger Games.
Hemre in his paper use the dystopia and utopia theory. This undergraduate thesis uses

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
10

the character and characterization theory and then applies the close reading theory to
see and analyze the character and then uses the totalitarian theory to see the impact of
that government system difference that causes the rebellion.
The second article which is used in this undergraduate thesis titled Politic in
Panem, challenging genre by Sean P. Connors talks about dystopian.
“The Hunger Games trilogy clearly belongs to a long literary tradition of
dystopic novels. Literally defined as a “hard or bad landscape,” the first use of
the term dystopia in English occurred in England in 1868 when John Stuart
Mill created a neologism from Thomas More‟s 1551 term “utopia” to describe
how ill-conceived ROBERTA SEELINGER TRITES 18 the British
government‟s Irish land policy was (“Dystopia, n.,” 2013 .” Connor,
4: 8
Dystopian, talking about real world problem such as war, violence and
economic is one of the main points that Connors tell from the beginning of his article.
He said that control, power, and privilege are the common thing when the situation is
a dystopian. When the reader read or study these three books, which is The Hunger
Games, Catching Fire and Mocking Jay, the reader or the teacher is need to related

that point to the real world point and glasses.
Connors says, that in these three novel, the people in Panem especially people
that did not live in the Capitol, they cannot have or do their will, especially to speech
freely, to move or go freely, cannot get the freedom to work that they want to do, and
to safe their family. They cannot do that, because the government already takes
control of every aspect, while people who live in the Capitol enjoy their live with
such a luxury life style.

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11

Connors in this section tells that, people from the first until the third book is
develop. People starting to know what happened, they realize what they will do and
staring to rebel.
The differences between Connors article with this undergraduate thesis is that
Connor analyzes all of the three novels together, the writer of this undergraduate
thesis use The Hunger Games, but Connor make a statement that include all of the
novels. This undergraduate thesis uses the first book, and applies the close reading
method in order to analyze the text deeper. After applied the close reading method,
the writer from this undergraduate thesis see the effect from the totalitarianism
government system that used in The Hunger Games.

B. Review of Related Theories
First the writer needs to apply the character and characterization theory,
because from this theory we can see the character clearly.
1. Theory of the Character and Characterization.
Character is one of the most important elements in the literary work. From
the character, the reader can see and understand the story.
Using theory of characterization by M. H Abrams, which says that character is
a person represented in a dramatic way and being interpreted by reader, this paper
analyzes the characterization of Peeta, Katniss, Gale and President Snow.

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“Character are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are
interpreted by the reader as possessing particular moral, intellectual, and
emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive
ways of saying it-the dialogue- and from what they do the action.”M.H ABRAMS
page 42.
Character is divided into two types, flat and round character. Flat character is the
common character in the literary work. Flat character is a character, which in the
story remains stable and unchanged from the beginning until the end of the story.
Round character is a character with more complex story. Round character may
change as a result of a development along the story. According to Kennedy Theories,
flat characters tend to stay the same throughout the story, but the rounds characters
often changes or became enlightened or grow along the story.

According to Murphy there are several ways to describe the characters.
1. Personal Description
The writer describes the character by analyzing the physical appearance in such a
detail explanation. For example, the writer describes the character skin, face, hair, and
physical appearance. By analyzing the physical appearance of the character, the
writer can describe the personalities of the character.

2. Character as seen by another
In this method, the writer does not give any direct descriptions, but the
description is gathered from what the other character in the stories thinks or said. The

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13

writer gives description by showing other character opinion to the character that the
writer wants to describe.

3. Speech
The writer describes the character by what the character said or by their
speech. The character personalities can be understood by analyzed the character
speech or said in the story.

4. Past Life
The writer describes the character by telling or giving a clue about the
character past life. It can be by the character though itself, story from other character
or direct comment from other character.
5. Conversation from other
The character can be analyzed from the conversation of and with other character.
The writer gives a clue about the character personality by what other characters says
in the story.
6. Reaction
The writer give the reader know the character from how the character react in the
situation or events. By this ways, the reader can analyze how the character by how the
character dealing with the situations they encounter.

7. Direct Comment

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The writer uses a direct comment to describe the character personality. The writer
gives the direct understanding about the character through the direct comment or the
opinion of the character.
8. Thought
The character gets to know by what and how the character thinking. The reader
can analyze the character through how the character thinks.
9. Mannerism
The character describes by how the character habits and manner. By identifying
the mannerism and the behavior of the character, the reader can understand the
character personalities.
Character is one of the media from the author of literary work to explain and tells
the story. Character also functions to carry the meaning and the message of the
literary work. By analyzing the character deeper, we can see what the author means
and purpose. Every character has own function in telling the meaning of the literary
work. How the character tells the purpose of the author can be analyze using the nines
ways from Murphy. By analyzing and know the character characterization, the reader
of the literary work can understand the literary work and know the meaning and the
purpose of the literary work itself. Character is the effective may in the knowing what
the literary work wants to says.

2. Totalitarianism

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There are several types of the government system around the world. Every
system has its own rules and ways. Each of the government system that been applied
has its own advantages and disadvantages, according in which way the reader seen
that. One of the government systems in the world is Totalitarianism.
Totalitarianism itself often said as Nazi or Dictatorship, but it is different.
Totalitarianism is a system which is the politician or government takes control over
everything, including the people private life. Totalitarianism is a political concept of
government where aspect of every member of the society. Dictatorship is a
government system that acquires power without the consent of people, and stick to
power. A. James Gregor in his book explains about totalitarianism as a political
power.
Totalitarian regimes featured distinctive political rule, in terms of the
singular leader himself, his preclusive ideology and the dominant party it
animated. It was not just a police state—or simply a personal dictatorship. It
was a political system that arrogated to itself the power to fashion, and emit
legislation without the semblance of those “checks and balances” that typify
pluralistic arrangements. (Gregor,2009- 31)
Totalitarianism refers to a political system in which all of the power is in the
hands of the state. In a totalitarian society, all control of public and private life is in
the hand of the government. Within totalitarian regimes, the leadership controls all
aspects of the state from economical to political to social and cultural. Totalitarian
regimes control science, education, art and private lives of residents to the degree of
dictation proper morality. The main focus of this theory is to see the power that the
government have and done to people.

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The rules of the government are set by a single politician and the people must
follow the rules, without complaint or rebel. All of the power is in the hand of a
single person, so that the others have no power. The government is the one that has
full responsible of all the aspect in their countries.
There are several points that indicate Totalitarianism government system. The
first point is that the societies obey and stick to the rules. Totalitarianism is a
government system that control until the private life of every member of the society.
That rules requires people to do what the government tells, so that the people has to
obey all of the rules and stick to it.
Besides the President, that has an absolute power, there are several institutions or
ruling party that given the power from President. This group is given the power and
they need to be loyal and forced to follow the agenda by the government.
There are four characters that the writer chooses in this undergraduate thesis, this
characters divided into two point of view. The first is from the people in Panem
society. Peeta and Katniss are the characters that represent the society, Effie Trinket
and President Snow is the representation from the government system point of view.
Each of the character represents the totalitarianism government system.
C. Theoretical Framework
The first step to answer the first problem formulation is applying the character
and characterization theory. The theory by Abrams said that a character is a

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17

representation from a people in a narrative way and can be describes in their action
and also their words. How Peeta, Katniss, Gale and President Snow characterization
develop throughout the story, and how this four character face their problem and
survive. The four characters characterization analyze by the ten points of the character
and characterization theories by Murphy. The writer of this undergraduate thesis used
these ten points to see the characters characterization.
The next theory is the close reading method by the new criticism is needed to
answer the second problem formulation. This undergraduate thesis uses the close
reading method to analyze the text and character deeper after applying the character
and characterization theory. The main source from this step is the text itself.
The third theory is totalitarianism to answer the last problem formulation
which the effect of the totalitarianism government system. The main part of this
theory is to see the effect from the totalitarian government system and why that
government system is not the best system to use.

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CHAPTER I I I

ⅣETHODOLOGY

A. Object

of the Study

This undergraduate thesis used a novel titled The Hunger Games by Suzanne

Collins. This is a trilogy novel, which The Hunger Game is the first, Catching Fire
the second book and the Mocking Jay is the third book. The first book published in

2008 and had been made into a box-office movie and both novels and movie won

many awards. The film itself is a box-office successful and won several movie
award. Beside the filrn, the books also get so many awards from

all around

the

world. Some of the nominations #1New York Times bestseller, weekly bestseller,
and many others.
The Hunger Games

is a science fiction novel that tells about twelve districts,

ruled by the president that lives in the Capitol in the counky name Panem. In the
story, Panem was a North America in the future. The novel is the illustration of the
future America that already divided into several parts and united in one government,
named Panem.

B. Approach of the Study
This undergraduate thesis uses new criticism approach. According to M.H.
Abrams, New Criticism approach is a close reading approach, the only source is the

18

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literary text. By this approach, the writer sees the literary work itself. Therefore, the
main focus in this study is the novel The Hunger Games.
“The distinctive procedure of a New Critic is explication, or close reading: the
detailed analysis of the complex interrelations and ambiguities (multiple
meanings) of the verbal and figurative components within a work.”(Abrams,
2003: 180)
A book from Leroy Searley, New Criticism said that by focus on the literary
text, we can find the real meaning and the real aim of the writer. We do not need
other theories in order to understand the literary work. Only focusing the text.
“While the variations are as rich as the literature examined, the New Critical
essay is generally characterized by a close attention to the language of the text,
to show a pattern of formal and thematic features that the critic commonly
argues are fundamental to understanding the meaning of the work as a whole
but that are expressed in terms that foreground the formal unity or balance of
the work.”( Searley, 2000: 5)
According to Searley‟s statement, new criticism pays close attention to close
reading because the pattern and the arrangement of a language matter. The
arrangement of the language is also important. New criticism believed that close
reading is the way to understand the work, because close reading requires to
understand the text, the literary work and understand the meaning by pay attention to
the language of the text. The only focus it the literary work, without paying any
attention to the other aspect.

By using this new criticism approach, the writer reveals the effect from the
government system that applied in The Hunger Games, which is Totalitarianism.

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20

C. Method of the study
In conducting this undergraduate thesis, the writer first read and re-read the
primary source, which is The Hunger Games. The writer of this study tried to
interpret the novel. After understanding the primary data, the writer seeks the
interesting topic that can be discussed and then formulate the object of the studies.
The next step that the writer done are a library research; with the main source
is the novel by Suzanne Collins, The Hunger Games. This novel actually is a trilogy,
but this paper only uses the first novel.
The writer collected some references that connected to the primary sources
and then choose and studied the journal, article and books. The next steps are
arranging all of the references and analyze them by finding their topic with the
issues that discussed in this undergraduate thesis. The journal from Kjellaug Therese
Hauge Hamre,, entitled Suzanne Collins’s Hunger Games Trilogy and Social
Criticism and the journal from Sean P. Connors titled Politic in Panem, challenging

genre are used as the review from the related studies and the comparison with this
study. The book from Peter Barry, Beginning Theory an Introduction to Literary and
Cultural Theory is used see and being applied the theory unconscious by Sigmund

Freud.
The next step is analysis. There are several steps done to do the analysis. The first
step is the writer from this undergraduate thesis re-read and understands The Hunger

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21

Games by Suzanne Collins. Then the writer decided the topic, which is the effect

from the totalitarianism. Totalitarianism is the government system in the story.
Since the writer decided to discussed the effect from the government system the
first moved is to understand the character and characterization from the story. In The
Hunger Games there are so many characters, so the writers from this undergraduate

thesis choose Katniss, Peeta, Effie Trinket and President Snow as the representation
from the all character because this four characters are enough to represented the entire
layer from the society in this story.
The second steps are to review some journals and some books that discussed The
Hunger Games in order to give a clear understanding and comparison to the reader.

The third step is to answer the first problem formulation by applying the theory of
character and characterization by Murphy. This character ad characterization theory is
used to analyze the character of Peeta, Katniss, Gale and President Snow as the
representation from the society and the government. Furthermore, the close reading
method from the new criticism theory is used to analyze the four characteristic deeper
to answer the second problem formulation. Based from the analyzed of the four
characters, the writer decided to use the totalitarian government system theory to see
whether this The Hunger Games uses this government system or not.

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22

After the writer answered all of the problem formulation, the writer of this
undergraduate thesis draw a conclusion. The conclusions described all of the effect
from the totalitarianism, the government system that uses in The Hunger Games.

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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the writer trying to answer the question that has been mention
in the problem formulation.

A. The General Characteristics of Peeta, Katniss, Effie and President Snow
1. The Characteristics of Peeta

Peeta is one of the major characters in this story. Peeta is 17 years old baker's
son who live

in Sean, district 12. He is the male tribute from

"I watch him

Sean

as,he makes his way towards the stage. Medium heights, stocky

build, ashy blond hair that falls in waves over his forehead. The shock of the
moment is registering on his face, you can see his struggle to remain
emotionless, but his blues eyes show the alarm." (Collins, 2008:25-26)
Peeta has blue eyes, ash blond hair and not

tall. Peeta is good at camouflage

and strong. When Peeta selected as the chosen tribute, Katniss recognize him straight

away. Peeta is a good boy. Back several years ago, he helped Katniss. Peeta shocked
when he knew that he is the chosen tribute and Katniss is his enemy.

"The boy took one look back to the bakery as if checking that the coast was
clear, then, his attention back on the pig, he threw a loaf of bread in my
direction. The second quickly followed and he sloshed back to the bakery,
closing the kitchen door tightly behind him. (Collins, 2008:31)
Peeta is the male tribute from Distrrct 12. Peeta is

in love with

Katnisss.

During the games, he becomes her partner and they have romantic stories during the

２υ
う乙

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Games. Peeta‟s first act for Katnisss was when Katnisss was starving and searching
for food behind his family‟s bakery, and Peeta apparently burned two loaves of bread
so the bakery couldn‟t sell them, then he gave those loaves to Katnisss. Peeta‟s
mother hit him for burning the bread, and Katnisss believes Peeta must have known
he would be punished for it. From that first act from Katnisss memory, Peeta is in
love with Katnisss, he is willing to do anything for Katnisss.
“Peeta blushes beet red and stammer out. “Because… because… she came
here with me” “(Collins, 2008:131)
Peeta is in love with Katniss from the begging.

In this story, Katniss

described Peeta as a good and lovely boy. He is strong and good at camouflage.
According to Katnisss, Peeta good at speaking and communication, he can easily
make a friend and relations because of his skill in communication. Peeta is a kind and
brave boy. He is willing to sacrifice himself and do anything to save Katnisss by joint
with the other tribute. Peeta knows exactly what he is supposed to do.
In Effie‟s eyes, Peeta is cool but also smart. He can think what the best to do
and make people believe what he says. Peeta has no other skills than speaking; he
knows his skills and he uses it well.
“ “What are you doing here?” he hisses at me. I stare uncomprehendingly as a
trickle of water drips off a sting under his ear. His whole body starts sparkling
as if he‟s been dipped in dew. ”Are you mad?” He‟s prodding me with the
shaft of the spear now. “Get up!” I rise, but he‟s still pushing at me. What?
What is going on? He shoves me away from him hard. “Run!” he scrams.
“Run!” “ (Collins, 2008:193)

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At the Games, Peeta joined with the other tribute so he knows what other will
do and he can protect Katnisss from them. Peeta does not have any intention to win
the games. He feels that he is lucky to be the chosen tribute, so that he gets the chance
to get close to Katnisss, even for the short times.
Peeta confesses to Katnisss that his only hope for the games is to retain his
identity and not to be made into a monster by his circumstances. Peeta‟s statement
that he wants to be himself is the proved that he does not follow the rules and never
heard what he supposed to did.
Peetais good at communication, lying and manipulating words. He could
make people believe that he loves the capitol. Peeta knew that he cannot win this
games from the beginning, and this game are just a show to entertain the people of the
Capitol, so he said to Katniss, makes a good story, make a good show, so people will
like and adore them.
Peeta knows what he was supposed to do. During the games, when the rules
had change, Peeta know that he and Katniss had to show that they are madly in love
in order to get the attention and then get a sponsor. Peeta knows exactly what he is
supposed to do.
Peeta is a lovely boy, he loves Katniss and he is willing to do anything for her.
When Katniss said that they better eat the berry rather than kills other, Peeta do it. At
first he asks Katniss to kill him so that Katniss can be the winner, but Katniss pushed

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26

him to eat that together. Peeta do what Katniss tells him to do, because he believes in
her. That action is the impact from what Peeta get, always stick to the rules, but the
rules cannot win over love.
Peeta is a strong and brave boy. He has skills in camouflage. He is very
friendly and can easily make friends because of his skills in communication. Peeta
also honest. He is smart and also an open-minded person. He can think and do the
best for himself and from the one he loves. Peeta know his weakness, but he can
manage and make her weakness as the weapon to protect himself.
2. The Characteristics of Katnisss
Katnisss Everdeen is the main character and also a narrator in the story. She
has a black hair and grey eyes. She is sixteen years old, live in the Seam, District 12,
the coal mining sector.
“As soon as I‟m in the trees, I retrieve a bow and sheath of arrows from a
hollow log. Electrified or not, the fence has been successful at keeping he flesh-eaters
out of District 12. Inside the woods they roam freely, and there are added concerns lik
venomous snakes, rabid animals, and no real path to follow. But there‟s also food if
you know how to find it. My father knew and he though me some before he was
blond to bits in a mine explosion. There was nothing even to burry. I was eleven then.
Five years later, I still wake up screaming for him to run.” (Collins, 2008: 5)
Katniss life with her mother and