Wiley Fedora 10 And Red Hat Enterprise Linux Bible Jan 2009 ISBN 0470413395 pdf
DVD Includes
CD-ROM Includes
• Official Fedora 10 installation
• Over 4GB of official Fedora software
• Official Fedora 10 KDE Live CD
• Installable Fedora 10 desktop system
Fedora 10
Christopher Negus and Eric Foster-Johnson
Fedora
10
and
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
®
®
Publish Web pages
and documents
Launch file, printer,
Web, and login services
Play music, video,
and games
The book you need to succeed!
®
First try it out, then Install
Fedora 10 Linux from CD or DVD
Using the DVD and CD that come with this book, you have a range of options for
starting out with Fedora 10 Linux. Everything you need to install 4GB of Fedora 10
software is included on the DVD. Use the CD to try out a live version of Fedora before
installing it. Then install the contents of that CD to your hard drive when you are ready.
Fedora 10 Software Repository on DVD!
This DVD contains the Fedora 10 installer and software repository, with about 4GB of
compressed software.
Fedora Live CD!
The Fedora 10 KDE Live CD included with this book lets you:
• Try a Fedora 10 desktop system before installing it. Insert the CD, reboot, and press Enter.
From the full-featured Fedora KDE desktop, you can try games, office applications, system
tools, and other features.
• Install a Fedora 10 desktop system to hard disk. The contents of the live CD can be installed
to your hard disk to give you a permanent Fedora installation.
Choose the software you want
from these application groups
Huge set of software
development tools!
Create and layout documents
Authoring &
Publishing
Edit code and text files
Editors
Interactive learning games
Math and science apps
Education
Engineering/
Scientific
Games
Card, shooter, and
thinking games
Email, browser and messaging
Graphical
Internet
Image, animation and
camera apps
Graphics
Office
Apps
Dozens of server and
admin packages too!
Document, spreadsheet
and drawing apps
Music, video
and TV apps
Sound and
Video
Text-based
Internet
Text-based Web,
email, and file xfer
Ten cool things to do with Fedora 10 Linux
Just because Fedora is a serious operating system doesn't mean it can't be fun too. Here is a list
of ten fun and useful things to do with Fedora.
1. Set Up a Personal Online Desktop: Use the GNOME Online Desktop to connect your
desktop to your friends, multimedia content, and online applications from Google,
Facebook, Yahoo!, and others. Click right on the desktop to immediately get you all your
favorite content. (See Chapter 3.)
2. Launch the new KDE 4 Plasma Desktop: The next generation KDE desktop lets you
add widgets, called plasmoids, to multiple places on your desktop. Find files, Web pages
or other items quickly with new search tools. (See Chapter 3.)
3. Play Commercial Audio/Video: Licensing restrictions keep many popular codecs from
inclusion with Fedora. Using third-party repositories with Fedora, you grab the codecs
you need to play Windows Media (Audio, Video and MMS), MP3 audio, MPEG-2 and
MPEG-4 video decoding, and others. (See Chapter 8.)
4. Manage music collections: Launch Rhythmbox to gather, organize, and play music from
your hard disk, CDs, or network file systems. You can even select from thousands of free
songs from Magnatune and Jamendo online music services. (See Chapter 8.)
5. Publish your ideas::Choose from dozens of publishing tools to create documents
(OpenOffice.org Writer), presentations (OpenOffice.org Impress) hard-copy page layouts
(Scribus), and vector graphics (Inkscape). Then publish your work on paper or the Web.
(See Chapter 6.)
6. Share an Internet connection: Fedora can be set up as a router and a firewall. With a
home or small office LAN set-up, you can use Fedora to share an Internet connection
among multiple Linux, Windows, or Mac systems. Then set up a firewall in Fedora to
protect your LAN from intruders. (See Chapters 14, 15, and 16.)
7. Play free games: As always, Fedora includes dozens of simple card games and board
games. The Fedora repository, includes a ton of games, including fun first-person shooter
games such as Doom, strategy games such as fantasy game Wesnoth, and online battle
games such as BZFlag. (See Chapter 7.)
8. Run Windows applications: By adding the wine software packages, you can run many
Windows applications right from a Fedora desktop. (See Chapter 5.)
9. Create an Internet server: Learn to configure a Web server (Chapter 21), FTP server
(Chapter 20) and a mail server (Chapter 19). Then gather that knowledge to create your
own public Internet server (Chapter 25). Your server can run from your home Internet
connection.
10. Share over the Internet: Share your personal videos, software, or other content with
friends over the Internet, using Bittorrent swarming network transfer software. While
you’re at it, instant message your thoughts using Pidgin, video-conference your looks
(Ekiga), and e-mail your party invitations (Evolution). (See Chapter 7.)
Fedora ® 10
and
Red Hat ® Enterprise Linux ®
Bible
Fedora ® 10
and
Red Hat ® Enterprise Linux ®
Bible
Christopher Negus
Eric Foster-Johnson
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Fedora® 10 and Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® Bible
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data available upon request.
ISBN: 978-0-470-41339-5
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
As always, I dedicate this book to my wife, Sheree. This book would never have
happened without her love and support.
–Christopher Negus
To Katya and Nalana.
–Eric Foster-Johnson
About the Authors
Christopher Negus has been working with UNIX systems, the Internet, and (most recently)
Linux systems for more than two decades. During that time, Chris worked at AT&T Bell
Laboratories, UNIX System Laboratories, and Novell, helping to develop the UNIX operating
system. Features from many of the UNIX projects Chris worked on at AT&T have found their
way into Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, and other Linux systems.
Chris is the author of all editions of what started out as Red Hat Linux Bible, which because of
the name changes of Red Hat’s Linux projects has evolved into the book you are holding.
Most recently, Chris co-authored four books in the Linux Toolbox series: Fedora Linux
Toolbox, Ubuntu Linux Toolbox, SUSE Linux Toolbox, and BSD UNIX Toolbox (Wiley
Publishing). Before that, Chris authored Linux Bible 2008 Edition and co-wrote Linux
Troubleshooting Bible and Linux Toys II for Wiley Publishing. For Prentice Hall, Chris
authored Live Linux CDs and co-authored the Official Damn Small Linux Book, as part of the
Negus Live Linux Series.
Today, Chris works as a Linux instructor for Red Hat, Inc. and has achieved certification as a
Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE).
At home, Chris enjoys spending time with his wife, Sheree, and his boys, Caleb and Seth. His
hobbies include soccer, singing, and exercising with Sheree.
Eric Foster-Johnson is a veteran programmer who works daily with Linux, Unix, and
Windows and other operating systems. By day, he writes enterprise Java software for
ObjectPartners, a Minnesota consulting firm. He has authored and co-authored a number of
Linux and Unix titles including Red Hat RPM Guide, Teach Yourself Linux, Teach Yourself
Unix and Perl Modules.
Credits
Acquisitions Editor
Jenny Watson
Development Editor
Sara Shlaer
Production Editor
Daniel Scribner
Technical Editors
Thomas Blader
John Kennedy
Production Manager
Tim Tate
Editorial Manager
Mary Beth Wakefield
Vice President and
Executive Publisher
Barry Pruett
Vice President and Executive Publisher
Joseph B. Wikert
Project Coordinator
Bill Ramsey
Indexer
Johnna VanHoose Dinse
Media Development Project Manager
Laura Moss-Hollister
Media Associate Producer
Shawn Patrick
Media Quality Control
Kit Malone
Acknowledgments
A special acknowledgment goes to the people at Red Hat, Inc. and members of the Fedora
Project. In particular, Paul Frields (Fedora Project leader), Max Spevack (outgoing Fedora
Project leader) and Greg DeKoenigsberg (Fedora Community leader) deserve praise for their
leadership in producing a consistently high-quality Linux distribution. Special thanks to Pete
Hnath (my new boss at Red Hat) for allowing me to complete my work on this book after
hiring me to be an instructor at Red Hat.
Eric Foster-Johnson came in while this edition was already underway and did the majority of
the new content it includes. I feel very fortunate that someone as skillful as Eric is now a major
contributor to this book that I have put so much effort into in the past decade.
At Wiley, I’d like to thank Jenny Watson, Colleen Hauser, and Laura Moss-Hollister for
helping work out issues related to the publicity, media, and covers for this book. Thanks to
Sara Shlaer for her continued great editing and production work on this book, and for keeping
me on schedule so we could bring this book to you on time.
Thanks to Daniel Scribner for shepherding the book through the final stages of production.
Thomas Blader and John Kennedy provided a thorough technical editing pass. Thanks also to
Margot Maley Hutchison and the others at Waterside Productions for bringing me this project.
Thanks, as always, to my dear family for helping me through this project.
Finally, a special thanks goes to those of you who bought this and earlier editions of Red Hat
Linux Bible. Go out and become a force for Linux in your work, home, and community. If you
feel like expanding your Linux horizons, try some of these other books I’ve written:
• Linux Bible 2009 Edition — Contains 18 different bootable and installable Linux
distributions on DVD and CD, along with descriptions characterizing those and other
popular and interesting Linux distributions.
• Fedora Linux Toolbox with François Caen — Includes 1000+ command lines to help
Fedora, RHEL, and CentOS power users get the most out of Linux. To try other similar
distributions, check out Ubuntu Linux Toolbox, SUSE Linux Toolbox and BSD UNIX
Toolbox by the same authors.
• Linux Troubleshooting Bible with Thomas Weeks — Goes beyond this book to help
you safely deploy and troubleshoot Linux systems.
• Linux Toys II — If you’re looking for something fun to do with Linux, this book
contains nine fun projects you can build with a PC and open source software.
-- Chris Negus
Contents
Part I: Getting Started in Fedora and RHEL
Chapter 1: An Overview of Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux ............................3
Introducing Fedora 10 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux .................................................................... 4
What Is Linux?................................................................................................................................ 5
Linux’s Roots in UNIX................................................................................................................... 6
What Is an Operating System? .................................................................................................. 7
Common Linux Features................................................................................................................. 8
Primary Advantages of Linux ....................................................................................................... 10
What Are Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora?......................................................................... 11
Red Hat forms the Fedora Project ........................................................................................... 11
Red Hat shifts to Red Hat Enterprise Linux ............................................................................ 14
Choosing between Fedora and Enterprise ............................................................................... 14
Why Choose Fedora or Red Hat Enterprise Linux? ...................................................................... 15
New Features in Fedora 10............................................................................................................ 17
Better Printing ......................................................................................................................... 17
FirstAidKit .............................................................................................................................. 18
OpenOffice.org 3..................................................................................................................... 18
Faster Boot Times ................................................................................................................... 18
K Desktop Environment (KDE) 4 ........................................................................................... 18
PackageKit Software Management ......................................................................................... 18
Firefox 3 Web browser............................................................................................................ 19
Preupgrade............................................................................................................................... 19
Ext4 file systems ..................................................................................................................... 19
Encrypted file systems............................................................................................................. 19
Identity management with freeIPA.......................................................................................... 19
NetworkManager..................................................................................................................... 20
Getting custom Fedora spins ................................................................................................... 20
Creating your own spins.......................................................................................................... 21
Firewall Configuration ............................................................................................................ 21
The Culture of Free Software........................................................................................................ 21
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 2: Installing Fedora..........................................................................................23
Understanding Fedora Installation Media ..................................................................................... 24
Using the Fedora 10 Live CD ....................................................................................................... 24
Quick Installation .......................................................................................................................... 26
Detailed Installation Instructions .................................................................................................. 28
Installing Fedora 10................................................................................................................. 28
Choosing an installation method ............................................................................................. 29
xvi
Contents
Install or upgrade? ............................................................................................................. 29
From DVD, network, or hard disk? ................................................................................... 31
Choosing computer hardware .................................................................................................. 32
Installing Fedora on a Laptop .................................................................................................. 33
Preparing for installation using the live CD ............................................................................ 34
Display hardware information ........................................................................................... 34
Test your hardware ............................................................................................................ 36
Beginning the installation ........................................................................................................ 37
Choosing Different Install Modes............................................................................................ 39
Running Fedora Firstboot........................................................................................................ 44
Enabling Authentication .......................................................................................................... 45
Going forward after installation............................................................................................... 46
Special Installation Procedures ..................................................................................................... 47
Alternatives for starting installation ........................................................................................ 47
Booting installation from hard disk ................................................................................... 47
Booting installation from a USB device ............................................................................ 49
Booting installation using PXE.......................................................................................... 49
Installing from other media ..................................................................................................... 50
Beginning installation ........................................................................................................ 50
Setting up an HTTP, FTP, or NFS install server................................................................ 51
Starting a VNC install.............................................................................................................. 53
Performing a kickstart installation........................................................................................... 54
Creating the kickstart file................................................................................................... 54
Installing the kickstart file ................................................................................................. 59
Booting a kickstart installation .......................................................................................... 59
Special Installation Topics ............................................................................................................ 60
Setting up to dual-boot Linux and Windows ........................................................................... 60
Resizing your Windows partitions..................................................................................... 60
Using Windows partitions from Linux .............................................................................. 64
Partitioning your disks............................................................................................................. 66
Partitioning with Disk Setup during installation ................................................................ 67
Partitioning with fdisk........................................................................................................ 70
Tips for creating partitions................................................................................................. 72
Using the GRUB boot loader................................................................................................... 74
Temporarily changing boot options ................................................................................... 75
Permanently changing boot options................................................................................... 77
Adding a new GRUB boot image ...................................................................................... 78
Troubleshooting Installation.......................................................................................................... 79
Spinning Your Own Fedora Install or Live Media........................................................................ 81
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 82
Chapter 3: Getting Started with the Desktop .............................................................. 83
Logging in to Fedora or RHEL ..................................................................................................... 84
Why Do I Need a User Login? ................................................................................................ 86
Getting Familiar with the Desktop ................................................................................................ 86
Contents
xvii
Touring your desktop......................................................................................................... 87
Tips for configuring your desktop ..................................................................................... 94
Using the GNOME Desktop ......................................................................................................... 95
Using the Metacity window manager ...................................................................................... 97
Using the GNOME panels....................................................................................................... 99
Use the Applications and System menus ......................................................................... 100
Adding an applet.............................................................................................................. 101
Adding another panel....................................................................................................... 102
Adding an application launcher ....................................................................................... 102
Adding a drawer .............................................................................................................. 103
Changing panel properties ............................................................................................... 103
Using the Nautilus file manager ............................................................................................ 104
Changing GNOME preferences............................................................................................. 107
Managing removable media .................................................................................................. 108
Trying other GNOME applications ....................................................................................... 109
Taking notes with Tomboy .............................................................................................. 109
Checking Your Network from GNOME.......................................................................... 110
Switching to another user ...................................................................................................... 110
Exiting GNOME.................................................................................................................... 111
Setting Up an Online Desktop..................................................................................................... 112
Switching Desktop Environments ............................................................................................... 115
Using the KDE Desktop.............................................................................................................. 116
New Features in KDE 4.1...................................................................................................... 116
Starting with KDE ................................................................................................................. 117
KDE desktop basics............................................................................................................... 118
Getting around the desktop .............................................................................................. 119
Managing files with Dolphin and Konqueror File Managers ................................................ 120
Working with files ........................................................................................................... 122
Searching for files with Dolphin and kfind...................................................................... 123
Creating new files and folders ......................................................................................... 124
Using the Konqueror browser features .................................................................................. 125
Configuring Konqueror and Dolphin options........................................................................ 126
Managing windows ............................................................................................................... 128
Using the taskbar ............................................................................................................. 129
Moving windows ............................................................................................................. 129
Resizing windows............................................................................................................ 129
Pinning windows on top or bottom.................................................................................. 130
Using virtual desktops ..................................................................................................... 130
Configuring the desktop ........................................................................................................ 130
Adding widgets...................................................................................................................... 131
Adding widgets to the panel ............................................................................................ 132
Adding widgets to the desktop......................................................................................... 132
Running 3D Accelerated Desktop Effects................................................................................... 132
Using the Xfce Desktop Environment......................................................................................... 135
Troubleshooting Your Desktop ................................................................................................... 136
xviii
Contents
GUI doesn’t work at start-up ................................................................................................. 137
What Happens During Desktop Startup?............................................................................... 137
Tuning your video card and monitor ..................................................................................... 138
Running the Display Settings window............................................................................. 138
Understanding the xorg.conf file ..................................................................................... 139
Configuring video cards for gaming...................................................................................... 140
Getting more information ...................................................................................................... 140
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 141
Chapter 4: Using Linux Commands ........................................................................... 143
The Shell Interface ...................................................................................................................... 143
Checking your login session.................................................................................................. 144
Checking directories and permissions ................................................................................... 145
Checking system activity....................................................................................................... 147
Exiting the shell ..................................................................................................................... 148
Understanding the Shell .............................................................................................................. 148
Using the Shell in Linux.............................................................................................................. 149
Locating commands............................................................................................................... 150
Getting Help with Using the Shell......................................................................................... 151
Rerunning commands ............................................................................................................ 153
Command-line editing ..................................................................................................... 153
Command-line completion............................................................................................... 155
Command-line recall........................................................................................................ 156
Connecting and expanding commands .................................................................................. 158
Piping commands............................................................................................................. 158
Sequential commands ...................................................................................................... 159
Background commands.................................................................................................... 159
Expanding commands...................................................................................................... 159
Expanding arithmetic expressions ................................................................................... 160
Expanding variables......................................................................................................... 160
Using shell environment variables......................................................................................... 160
Common shell environment variables.............................................................................. 161
Setting your own environment variables.......................................................................... 162
Managing background and foreground processes.................................................................. 164
Starting background processes......................................................................................... 164
Moving commands to the foreground and background.................................................... 165
Configuring your shell........................................................................................................... 166
Setting your prompt ......................................................................................................... 167
Adding environment variables ......................................................................................... 168
Adding aliases.................................................................................................................. 169
Working with the Linux File System .......................................................................................... 169
Linux File Systems Versus Windows-Based File Systems ................................................... 171
Creating files and directories ................................................................................................. 172
Identifying Directories........................................................................................................... 173
Using metacharacters and operators ................................................................................ 173
Contents
xix
Using file-matching metacharacters ................................................................................ 173
Using file-redirection metacharacters .............................................................................. 175
Understanding file permissions ....................................................................................... 175
Moving, copying, and deleting files ...................................................................................... 177
Using the vi Text Editor .............................................................................................................. 178
Starting with vi ...................................................................................................................... 178
Exploring Other Text Editors ................................................................................................ 179
Moving around the file .......................................................................................................... 181
Searching for text .................................................................................................................. 182
Using numbers with commands ............................................................................................ 183
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 183
Part II: Using Fedora and RHEL
Chapter 5: Accessing and Running Applications.......................................................187
Getting and Installing Software Packages................................................................................... 188
Downloading and installing applications with yum .............................................................. 190
Configuring yum (/etc/yum.conf) .................................................................................... 191
Adding yum repositories (/etc/yum.repos.d/) .................................................................. 192
Running yum to download and install RPMs .................................................................. 194
Using yum to install packages locally ............................................................................. 195
Using yum for listing packages ....................................................................................... 196
Using yum-utils package ................................................................................................. 197
Getting Fedora and RHEL software updates ......................................................................... 197
Getting alerted to available updates................................................................................. 198
Getting manual updates with yum ................................................................................... 198
Managing RPM Packages ........................................................................................................... 199
Using the PackageKit Add/Remove window ........................................................................ 199
Using the rpm command ....................................................................................................... 200
Verifying rpm package integrity...................................................................................... 201
Installing with rpm........................................................................................................... 202
Upgrading packages with rpm ......................................................................................... 205
Freshening packages with rpm ........................................................................................ 205
Removing packages with rpm.......................................................................................... 206
Querying packages with rpm ........................................................................................... 207
Verifying installed packages with rpm ............................................................................ 210
Using Software in Different Formats .......................................................................................... 211
Understanding software package names and formats............................................................ 211
Using Binary RPMs versus Building from Source................................................................ 212
Using different archive and document formats...................................................................... 213
Building and installing from source code.............................................................................. 215
Installing software in SRPM format ................................................................................ 216
Installing software in tar.gz or tar.bz2 formats ................................................................ 216
Using Fedora or RHEL to Run Applications .............................................................................. 218
Finding common desktop applications in Linux.................................................................... 219
xx
Contents
Investigating your desktop..................................................................................................... 221
Starting applications from a menu ......................................................................................... 222
Starting applications from a Run Application window.......................................................... 222
Starting applications from a Terminal window ..................................................................... 223
Running remote X applications ............................................................................................. 225
Traditional method to run remote X applications ............................................................ 225
Launching a remote X application ................................................................................... 226
Using SSH to run remote X applications ......................................................................... 228
Running Microsoft Windows, DOS, and Macintosh Applications ............................................. 229
Running DOS applications .................................................................................................... 231
Using mtools .................................................................................................................... 231
Using DOSBox ................................................................................................................ 233
Running Microsoft Windows applications in Linux.............................................................. 233
Running Windows Applications in WINE....................................................................... 235
Assigning drive letters ..................................................................................................... 236
Installing applications in WINE....................................................................................... 237
Launching applications .................................................................................................... 237
Tuning and configuring WINE ........................................................................................ 237
Finding more Windows applications for WINE .............................................................. 238
Running Applications in Virtual Environments .......................................................................... 239
Running applications virtually with Xen ............................................................................... 239
Before installing Xen ....................................................................................................... 240
Installing Xen................................................................................................................... 240
Installing a guest operating system .................................................................................. 241
Running applications virtually with KVM and QEMU ......................................................... 244
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 245
Chapter 6: Publishing with Fedora and RHEL ......................................................... 247
Desktop Publishing in Linux....................................................................................................... 248
Using Text Editors and Notepads .......................................................................................... 248
Using Word Processors ......................................................................................................... 248
Using OpenOffice.org...................................................................................................... 249
Other Word Processors .................................................................................................... 252
Using Traditional Linux Publishing Tools .................................................................................. 255
Creating Documents in Groff or LaTeX................................................................................ 256
Text processing with Groff.................................................................................................... 256
Formatting and printing documents with Groff ............................................................... 257
Creating a man page with Groff....................................................................................... 258
Text processing with TeX/LaTeX ......................................................................................... 259
Creating and formatting a LaTeX document ................................................................... 260
Converting documents ........................................................................................................... 261
Creating DocBook documents............................................................................................... 263
Understanding SGML and XML ........................................................................................... 263
Understanding DocBook.................................................................................................. 263
Creating DocBook documents ......................................................................................... 264
Contents
xxi
Converting DocBook documents..................................................................................... 266
Displaying PDF Files with Adobe Acrobat Reader..................................................................... 266
Doing Page Layout with Scribus................................................................................................. 268
Working with Graphics ............................................................................................................... 270
Manipulating images with GIMP .......................................................................................... 270
Taking screen captures .......................................................................................................... 271
Creating vector graphic images with Inkscape ...................................................................... 272
Using Scanners Driven by SANE ............................................................................................... 274
Web Publishing ........................................................................................................................... 275
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 276
Chapter 7: Gaming in Fedora and RHEL ..................................................................277
Jumping into Linux Gaming ....................................................................................................... 278
Basic Linux Gaming Information................................................................................................ 280
Where to get information on Linux gaming .......................................................................... 280
Choosing a video card for gaming......................................................................................... 281
Running Open Source Linux Games........................................................................................... 283
GNOME games ..................................................................................................................... 284
KDE games............................................................................................................................ 284
Adding more games from Fedora repository......................................................................... 286
Chess games .................................................................................................................... 289
Freeciv ............................................................................................................................. 290
Extreme Tuxracer ............................................................................................................ 295
Commercial Linux Games .......................................................................................................... 296
Getting Started with commercial games in Linux ................................................................. 297
Playing commercial Linux games ......................................................................................... 297
id Software Games ................................................................................................................ 298
Quake III Arena ............................................................................................................... 298
Return to Castle Wolfenstein........................................................................................... 299
Gaming with Cedega ............................................................................................................. 300
Loki Software game demos ................................................................................................... 302
Civilization: Call to Power ................................................................
CD-ROM Includes
• Official Fedora 10 installation
• Over 4GB of official Fedora software
• Official Fedora 10 KDE Live CD
• Installable Fedora 10 desktop system
Fedora 10
Christopher Negus and Eric Foster-Johnson
Fedora
10
and
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
®
®
Publish Web pages
and documents
Launch file, printer,
Web, and login services
Play music, video,
and games
The book you need to succeed!
®
First try it out, then Install
Fedora 10 Linux from CD or DVD
Using the DVD and CD that come with this book, you have a range of options for
starting out with Fedora 10 Linux. Everything you need to install 4GB of Fedora 10
software is included on the DVD. Use the CD to try out a live version of Fedora before
installing it. Then install the contents of that CD to your hard drive when you are ready.
Fedora 10 Software Repository on DVD!
This DVD contains the Fedora 10 installer and software repository, with about 4GB of
compressed software.
Fedora Live CD!
The Fedora 10 KDE Live CD included with this book lets you:
• Try a Fedora 10 desktop system before installing it. Insert the CD, reboot, and press Enter.
From the full-featured Fedora KDE desktop, you can try games, office applications, system
tools, and other features.
• Install a Fedora 10 desktop system to hard disk. The contents of the live CD can be installed
to your hard disk to give you a permanent Fedora installation.
Choose the software you want
from these application groups
Huge set of software
development tools!
Create and layout documents
Authoring &
Publishing
Edit code and text files
Editors
Interactive learning games
Math and science apps
Education
Engineering/
Scientific
Games
Card, shooter, and
thinking games
Email, browser and messaging
Graphical
Internet
Image, animation and
camera apps
Graphics
Office
Apps
Dozens of server and
admin packages too!
Document, spreadsheet
and drawing apps
Music, video
and TV apps
Sound and
Video
Text-based
Internet
Text-based Web,
email, and file xfer
Ten cool things to do with Fedora 10 Linux
Just because Fedora is a serious operating system doesn't mean it can't be fun too. Here is a list
of ten fun and useful things to do with Fedora.
1. Set Up a Personal Online Desktop: Use the GNOME Online Desktop to connect your
desktop to your friends, multimedia content, and online applications from Google,
Facebook, Yahoo!, and others. Click right on the desktop to immediately get you all your
favorite content. (See Chapter 3.)
2. Launch the new KDE 4 Plasma Desktop: The next generation KDE desktop lets you
add widgets, called plasmoids, to multiple places on your desktop. Find files, Web pages
or other items quickly with new search tools. (See Chapter 3.)
3. Play Commercial Audio/Video: Licensing restrictions keep many popular codecs from
inclusion with Fedora. Using third-party repositories with Fedora, you grab the codecs
you need to play Windows Media (Audio, Video and MMS), MP3 audio, MPEG-2 and
MPEG-4 video decoding, and others. (See Chapter 8.)
4. Manage music collections: Launch Rhythmbox to gather, organize, and play music from
your hard disk, CDs, or network file systems. You can even select from thousands of free
songs from Magnatune and Jamendo online music services. (See Chapter 8.)
5. Publish your ideas::Choose from dozens of publishing tools to create documents
(OpenOffice.org Writer), presentations (OpenOffice.org Impress) hard-copy page layouts
(Scribus), and vector graphics (Inkscape). Then publish your work on paper or the Web.
(See Chapter 6.)
6. Share an Internet connection: Fedora can be set up as a router and a firewall. With a
home or small office LAN set-up, you can use Fedora to share an Internet connection
among multiple Linux, Windows, or Mac systems. Then set up a firewall in Fedora to
protect your LAN from intruders. (See Chapters 14, 15, and 16.)
7. Play free games: As always, Fedora includes dozens of simple card games and board
games. The Fedora repository, includes a ton of games, including fun first-person shooter
games such as Doom, strategy games such as fantasy game Wesnoth, and online battle
games such as BZFlag. (See Chapter 7.)
8. Run Windows applications: By adding the wine software packages, you can run many
Windows applications right from a Fedora desktop. (See Chapter 5.)
9. Create an Internet server: Learn to configure a Web server (Chapter 21), FTP server
(Chapter 20) and a mail server (Chapter 19). Then gather that knowledge to create your
own public Internet server (Chapter 25). Your server can run from your home Internet
connection.
10. Share over the Internet: Share your personal videos, software, or other content with
friends over the Internet, using Bittorrent swarming network transfer software. While
you’re at it, instant message your thoughts using Pidgin, video-conference your looks
(Ekiga), and e-mail your party invitations (Evolution). (See Chapter 7.)
Fedora ® 10
and
Red Hat ® Enterprise Linux ®
Bible
Fedora ® 10
and
Red Hat ® Enterprise Linux ®
Bible
Christopher Negus
Eric Foster-Johnson
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Fedora® 10 and Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® Bible
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
As always, I dedicate this book to my wife, Sheree. This book would never have
happened without her love and support.
–Christopher Negus
To Katya and Nalana.
–Eric Foster-Johnson
About the Authors
Christopher Negus has been working with UNIX systems, the Internet, and (most recently)
Linux systems for more than two decades. During that time, Chris worked at AT&T Bell
Laboratories, UNIX System Laboratories, and Novell, helping to develop the UNIX operating
system. Features from many of the UNIX projects Chris worked on at AT&T have found their
way into Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, and other Linux systems.
Chris is the author of all editions of what started out as Red Hat Linux Bible, which because of
the name changes of Red Hat’s Linux projects has evolved into the book you are holding.
Most recently, Chris co-authored four books in the Linux Toolbox series: Fedora Linux
Toolbox, Ubuntu Linux Toolbox, SUSE Linux Toolbox, and BSD UNIX Toolbox (Wiley
Publishing). Before that, Chris authored Linux Bible 2008 Edition and co-wrote Linux
Troubleshooting Bible and Linux Toys II for Wiley Publishing. For Prentice Hall, Chris
authored Live Linux CDs and co-authored the Official Damn Small Linux Book, as part of the
Negus Live Linux Series.
Today, Chris works as a Linux instructor for Red Hat, Inc. and has achieved certification as a
Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE).
At home, Chris enjoys spending time with his wife, Sheree, and his boys, Caleb and Seth. His
hobbies include soccer, singing, and exercising with Sheree.
Eric Foster-Johnson is a veteran programmer who works daily with Linux, Unix, and
Windows and other operating systems. By day, he writes enterprise Java software for
ObjectPartners, a Minnesota consulting firm. He has authored and co-authored a number of
Linux and Unix titles including Red Hat RPM Guide, Teach Yourself Linux, Teach Yourself
Unix and Perl Modules.
Credits
Acquisitions Editor
Jenny Watson
Development Editor
Sara Shlaer
Production Editor
Daniel Scribner
Technical Editors
Thomas Blader
John Kennedy
Production Manager
Tim Tate
Editorial Manager
Mary Beth Wakefield
Vice President and
Executive Publisher
Barry Pruett
Vice President and Executive Publisher
Joseph B. Wikert
Project Coordinator
Bill Ramsey
Indexer
Johnna VanHoose Dinse
Media Development Project Manager
Laura Moss-Hollister
Media Associate Producer
Shawn Patrick
Media Quality Control
Kit Malone
Acknowledgments
A special acknowledgment goes to the people at Red Hat, Inc. and members of the Fedora
Project. In particular, Paul Frields (Fedora Project leader), Max Spevack (outgoing Fedora
Project leader) and Greg DeKoenigsberg (Fedora Community leader) deserve praise for their
leadership in producing a consistently high-quality Linux distribution. Special thanks to Pete
Hnath (my new boss at Red Hat) for allowing me to complete my work on this book after
hiring me to be an instructor at Red Hat.
Eric Foster-Johnson came in while this edition was already underway and did the majority of
the new content it includes. I feel very fortunate that someone as skillful as Eric is now a major
contributor to this book that I have put so much effort into in the past decade.
At Wiley, I’d like to thank Jenny Watson, Colleen Hauser, and Laura Moss-Hollister for
helping work out issues related to the publicity, media, and covers for this book. Thanks to
Sara Shlaer for her continued great editing and production work on this book, and for keeping
me on schedule so we could bring this book to you on time.
Thanks to Daniel Scribner for shepherding the book through the final stages of production.
Thomas Blader and John Kennedy provided a thorough technical editing pass. Thanks also to
Margot Maley Hutchison and the others at Waterside Productions for bringing me this project.
Thanks, as always, to my dear family for helping me through this project.
Finally, a special thanks goes to those of you who bought this and earlier editions of Red Hat
Linux Bible. Go out and become a force for Linux in your work, home, and community. If you
feel like expanding your Linux horizons, try some of these other books I’ve written:
• Linux Bible 2009 Edition — Contains 18 different bootable and installable Linux
distributions on DVD and CD, along with descriptions characterizing those and other
popular and interesting Linux distributions.
• Fedora Linux Toolbox with François Caen — Includes 1000+ command lines to help
Fedora, RHEL, and CentOS power users get the most out of Linux. To try other similar
distributions, check out Ubuntu Linux Toolbox, SUSE Linux Toolbox and BSD UNIX
Toolbox by the same authors.
• Linux Troubleshooting Bible with Thomas Weeks — Goes beyond this book to help
you safely deploy and troubleshoot Linux systems.
• Linux Toys II — If you’re looking for something fun to do with Linux, this book
contains nine fun projects you can build with a PC and open source software.
-- Chris Negus
Contents
Part I: Getting Started in Fedora and RHEL
Chapter 1: An Overview of Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux ............................3
Introducing Fedora 10 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux .................................................................... 4
What Is Linux?................................................................................................................................ 5
Linux’s Roots in UNIX................................................................................................................... 6
What Is an Operating System? .................................................................................................. 7
Common Linux Features................................................................................................................. 8
Primary Advantages of Linux ....................................................................................................... 10
What Are Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora?......................................................................... 11
Red Hat forms the Fedora Project ........................................................................................... 11
Red Hat shifts to Red Hat Enterprise Linux ............................................................................ 14
Choosing between Fedora and Enterprise ............................................................................... 14
Why Choose Fedora or Red Hat Enterprise Linux? ...................................................................... 15
New Features in Fedora 10............................................................................................................ 17
Better Printing ......................................................................................................................... 17
FirstAidKit .............................................................................................................................. 18
OpenOffice.org 3..................................................................................................................... 18
Faster Boot Times ................................................................................................................... 18
K Desktop Environment (KDE) 4 ........................................................................................... 18
PackageKit Software Management ......................................................................................... 18
Firefox 3 Web browser............................................................................................................ 19
Preupgrade............................................................................................................................... 19
Ext4 file systems ..................................................................................................................... 19
Encrypted file systems............................................................................................................. 19
Identity management with freeIPA.......................................................................................... 19
NetworkManager..................................................................................................................... 20
Getting custom Fedora spins ................................................................................................... 20
Creating your own spins.......................................................................................................... 21
Firewall Configuration ............................................................................................................ 21
The Culture of Free Software........................................................................................................ 21
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 2: Installing Fedora..........................................................................................23
Understanding Fedora Installation Media ..................................................................................... 24
Using the Fedora 10 Live CD ....................................................................................................... 24
Quick Installation .......................................................................................................................... 26
Detailed Installation Instructions .................................................................................................. 28
Installing Fedora 10................................................................................................................. 28
Choosing an installation method ............................................................................................. 29
xvi
Contents
Install or upgrade? ............................................................................................................. 29
From DVD, network, or hard disk? ................................................................................... 31
Choosing computer hardware .................................................................................................. 32
Installing Fedora on a Laptop .................................................................................................. 33
Preparing for installation using the live CD ............................................................................ 34
Display hardware information ........................................................................................... 34
Test your hardware ............................................................................................................ 36
Beginning the installation ........................................................................................................ 37
Choosing Different Install Modes............................................................................................ 39
Running Fedora Firstboot........................................................................................................ 44
Enabling Authentication .......................................................................................................... 45
Going forward after installation............................................................................................... 46
Special Installation Procedures ..................................................................................................... 47
Alternatives for starting installation ........................................................................................ 47
Booting installation from hard disk ................................................................................... 47
Booting installation from a USB device ............................................................................ 49
Booting installation using PXE.......................................................................................... 49
Installing from other media ..................................................................................................... 50
Beginning installation ........................................................................................................ 50
Setting up an HTTP, FTP, or NFS install server................................................................ 51
Starting a VNC install.............................................................................................................. 53
Performing a kickstart installation........................................................................................... 54
Creating the kickstart file................................................................................................... 54
Installing the kickstart file ................................................................................................. 59
Booting a kickstart installation .......................................................................................... 59
Special Installation Topics ............................................................................................................ 60
Setting up to dual-boot Linux and Windows ........................................................................... 60
Resizing your Windows partitions..................................................................................... 60
Using Windows partitions from Linux .............................................................................. 64
Partitioning your disks............................................................................................................. 66
Partitioning with Disk Setup during installation ................................................................ 67
Partitioning with fdisk........................................................................................................ 70
Tips for creating partitions................................................................................................. 72
Using the GRUB boot loader................................................................................................... 74
Temporarily changing boot options ................................................................................... 75
Permanently changing boot options................................................................................... 77
Adding a new GRUB boot image ...................................................................................... 78
Troubleshooting Installation.......................................................................................................... 79
Spinning Your Own Fedora Install or Live Media........................................................................ 81
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 82
Chapter 3: Getting Started with the Desktop .............................................................. 83
Logging in to Fedora or RHEL ..................................................................................................... 84
Why Do I Need a User Login? ................................................................................................ 86
Getting Familiar with the Desktop ................................................................................................ 86
Contents
xvii
Touring your desktop......................................................................................................... 87
Tips for configuring your desktop ..................................................................................... 94
Using the GNOME Desktop ......................................................................................................... 95
Using the Metacity window manager ...................................................................................... 97
Using the GNOME panels....................................................................................................... 99
Use the Applications and System menus ......................................................................... 100
Adding an applet.............................................................................................................. 101
Adding another panel....................................................................................................... 102
Adding an application launcher ....................................................................................... 102
Adding a drawer .............................................................................................................. 103
Changing panel properties ............................................................................................... 103
Using the Nautilus file manager ............................................................................................ 104
Changing GNOME preferences............................................................................................. 107
Managing removable media .................................................................................................. 108
Trying other GNOME applications ....................................................................................... 109
Taking notes with Tomboy .............................................................................................. 109
Checking Your Network from GNOME.......................................................................... 110
Switching to another user ...................................................................................................... 110
Exiting GNOME.................................................................................................................... 111
Setting Up an Online Desktop..................................................................................................... 112
Switching Desktop Environments ............................................................................................... 115
Using the KDE Desktop.............................................................................................................. 116
New Features in KDE 4.1...................................................................................................... 116
Starting with KDE ................................................................................................................. 117
KDE desktop basics............................................................................................................... 118
Getting around the desktop .............................................................................................. 119
Managing files with Dolphin and Konqueror File Managers ................................................ 120
Working with files ........................................................................................................... 122
Searching for files with Dolphin and kfind...................................................................... 123
Creating new files and folders ......................................................................................... 124
Using the Konqueror browser features .................................................................................. 125
Configuring Konqueror and Dolphin options........................................................................ 126
Managing windows ............................................................................................................... 128
Using the taskbar ............................................................................................................. 129
Moving windows ............................................................................................................. 129
Resizing windows............................................................................................................ 129
Pinning windows on top or bottom.................................................................................. 130
Using virtual desktops ..................................................................................................... 130
Configuring the desktop ........................................................................................................ 130
Adding widgets...................................................................................................................... 131
Adding widgets to the panel ............................................................................................ 132
Adding widgets to the desktop......................................................................................... 132
Running 3D Accelerated Desktop Effects................................................................................... 132
Using the Xfce Desktop Environment......................................................................................... 135
Troubleshooting Your Desktop ................................................................................................... 136
xviii
Contents
GUI doesn’t work at start-up ................................................................................................. 137
What Happens During Desktop Startup?............................................................................... 137
Tuning your video card and monitor ..................................................................................... 138
Running the Display Settings window............................................................................. 138
Understanding the xorg.conf file ..................................................................................... 139
Configuring video cards for gaming...................................................................................... 140
Getting more information ...................................................................................................... 140
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 141
Chapter 4: Using Linux Commands ........................................................................... 143
The Shell Interface ...................................................................................................................... 143
Checking your login session.................................................................................................. 144
Checking directories and permissions ................................................................................... 145
Checking system activity....................................................................................................... 147
Exiting the shell ..................................................................................................................... 148
Understanding the Shell .............................................................................................................. 148
Using the Shell in Linux.............................................................................................................. 149
Locating commands............................................................................................................... 150
Getting Help with Using the Shell......................................................................................... 151
Rerunning commands ............................................................................................................ 153
Command-line editing ..................................................................................................... 153
Command-line completion............................................................................................... 155
Command-line recall........................................................................................................ 156
Connecting and expanding commands .................................................................................. 158
Piping commands............................................................................................................. 158
Sequential commands ...................................................................................................... 159
Background commands.................................................................................................... 159
Expanding commands...................................................................................................... 159
Expanding arithmetic expressions ................................................................................... 160
Expanding variables......................................................................................................... 160
Using shell environment variables......................................................................................... 160
Common shell environment variables.............................................................................. 161
Setting your own environment variables.......................................................................... 162
Managing background and foreground processes.................................................................. 164
Starting background processes......................................................................................... 164
Moving commands to the foreground and background.................................................... 165
Configuring your shell........................................................................................................... 166
Setting your prompt ......................................................................................................... 167
Adding environment variables ......................................................................................... 168
Adding aliases.................................................................................................................. 169
Working with the Linux File System .......................................................................................... 169
Linux File Systems Versus Windows-Based File Systems ................................................... 171
Creating files and directories ................................................................................................. 172
Identifying Directories........................................................................................................... 173
Using metacharacters and operators ................................................................................ 173
Contents
xix
Using file-matching metacharacters ................................................................................ 173
Using file-redirection metacharacters .............................................................................. 175
Understanding file permissions ....................................................................................... 175
Moving, copying, and deleting files ...................................................................................... 177
Using the vi Text Editor .............................................................................................................. 178
Starting with vi ...................................................................................................................... 178
Exploring Other Text Editors ................................................................................................ 179
Moving around the file .......................................................................................................... 181
Searching for text .................................................................................................................. 182
Using numbers with commands ............................................................................................ 183
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 183
Part II: Using Fedora and RHEL
Chapter 5: Accessing and Running Applications.......................................................187
Getting and Installing Software Packages................................................................................... 188
Downloading and installing applications with yum .............................................................. 190
Configuring yum (/etc/yum.conf) .................................................................................... 191
Adding yum repositories (/etc/yum.repos.d/) .................................................................. 192
Running yum to download and install RPMs .................................................................. 194
Using yum to install packages locally ............................................................................. 195
Using yum for listing packages ....................................................................................... 196
Using yum-utils package ................................................................................................. 197
Getting Fedora and RHEL software updates ......................................................................... 197
Getting alerted to available updates................................................................................. 198
Getting manual updates with yum ................................................................................... 198
Managing RPM Packages ........................................................................................................... 199
Using the PackageKit Add/Remove window ........................................................................ 199
Using the rpm command ....................................................................................................... 200
Verifying rpm package integrity...................................................................................... 201
Installing with rpm........................................................................................................... 202
Upgrading packages with rpm ......................................................................................... 205
Freshening packages with rpm ........................................................................................ 205
Removing packages with rpm.......................................................................................... 206
Querying packages with rpm ........................................................................................... 207
Verifying installed packages with rpm ............................................................................ 210
Using Software in Different Formats .......................................................................................... 211
Understanding software package names and formats............................................................ 211
Using Binary RPMs versus Building from Source................................................................ 212
Using different archive and document formats...................................................................... 213
Building and installing from source code.............................................................................. 215
Installing software in SRPM format ................................................................................ 216
Installing software in tar.gz or tar.bz2 formats ................................................................ 216
Using Fedora or RHEL to Run Applications .............................................................................. 218
Finding common desktop applications in Linux.................................................................... 219
xx
Contents
Investigating your desktop..................................................................................................... 221
Starting applications from a menu ......................................................................................... 222
Starting applications from a Run Application window.......................................................... 222
Starting applications from a Terminal window ..................................................................... 223
Running remote X applications ............................................................................................. 225
Traditional method to run remote X applications ............................................................ 225
Launching a remote X application ................................................................................... 226
Using SSH to run remote X applications ......................................................................... 228
Running Microsoft Windows, DOS, and Macintosh Applications ............................................. 229
Running DOS applications .................................................................................................... 231
Using mtools .................................................................................................................... 231
Using DOSBox ................................................................................................................ 233
Running Microsoft Windows applications in Linux.............................................................. 233
Running Windows Applications in WINE....................................................................... 235
Assigning drive letters ..................................................................................................... 236
Installing applications in WINE....................................................................................... 237
Launching applications .................................................................................................... 237
Tuning and configuring WINE ........................................................................................ 237
Finding more Windows applications for WINE .............................................................. 238
Running Applications in Virtual Environments .......................................................................... 239
Running applications virtually with Xen ............................................................................... 239
Before installing Xen ....................................................................................................... 240
Installing Xen................................................................................................................... 240
Installing a guest operating system .................................................................................. 241
Running applications virtually with KVM and QEMU ......................................................... 244
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 245
Chapter 6: Publishing with Fedora and RHEL ......................................................... 247
Desktop Publishing in Linux....................................................................................................... 248
Using Text Editors and Notepads .......................................................................................... 248
Using Word Processors ......................................................................................................... 248
Using OpenOffice.org...................................................................................................... 249
Other Word Processors .................................................................................................... 252
Using Traditional Linux Publishing Tools .................................................................................. 255
Creating Documents in Groff or LaTeX................................................................................ 256
Text processing with Groff.................................................................................................... 256
Formatting and printing documents with Groff ............................................................... 257
Creating a man page with Groff....................................................................................... 258
Text processing with TeX/LaTeX ......................................................................................... 259
Creating and formatting a LaTeX document ................................................................... 260
Converting documents ........................................................................................................... 261
Creating DocBook documents............................................................................................... 263
Understanding SGML and XML ........................................................................................... 263
Understanding DocBook.................................................................................................. 263
Creating DocBook documents ......................................................................................... 264
Contents
xxi
Converting DocBook documents..................................................................................... 266
Displaying PDF Files with Adobe Acrobat Reader..................................................................... 266
Doing Page Layout with Scribus................................................................................................. 268
Working with Graphics ............................................................................................................... 270
Manipulating images with GIMP .......................................................................................... 270
Taking screen captures .......................................................................................................... 271
Creating vector graphic images with Inkscape ...................................................................... 272
Using Scanners Driven by SANE ............................................................................................... 274
Web Publishing ........................................................................................................................... 275
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 276
Chapter 7: Gaming in Fedora and RHEL ..................................................................277
Jumping into Linux Gaming ....................................................................................................... 278
Basic Linux Gaming Information................................................................................................ 280
Where to get information on Linux gaming .......................................................................... 280
Choosing a video card for gaming......................................................................................... 281
Running Open Source Linux Games........................................................................................... 283
GNOME games ..................................................................................................................... 284
KDE games............................................................................................................................ 284
Adding more games from Fedora repository......................................................................... 286
Chess games .................................................................................................................... 289
Freeciv ............................................................................................................................. 290
Extreme Tuxracer ............................................................................................................ 295
Commercial Linux Games .......................................................................................................... 296
Getting Started with commercial games in Linux ................................................................. 297
Playing commercial Linux games ......................................................................................... 297
id Software Games ................................................................................................................ 298
Quake III Arena ............................................................................................................... 298
Return to Castle Wolfenstein........................................................................................... 299
Gaming with Cedega ............................................................................................................. 300
Loki Software game demos ................................................................................................... 302
Civilization: Call to Power ................................................................