LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM, TEMPAT PENITIPAN ANAK DAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DI SEMARANG - Unika Repository
PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015/2016
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
TEMPAT PENITIPAN ANAK DAN PENDIDIKAN
ANAK USIA DINI DI SEMARANG
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian
Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana
Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh :
Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari 12.11.0013
Dosen Pembimbing :
Ir.Supriyono, MT
NIDN : 0615025701
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
SEMARANG
April, 2016
i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain
Penyusun
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari - 12.11.0013
Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
NIDN
: 0612066201
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,
Dekan,
Ketua,
Koordinator
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Program Studi Arsitektur
PAA ‘69
Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., Ph.D
NIDN. 0626076501
Dr. Ir. Krisprantono Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT
NIDN. 0616085701
NIDN. 0625116302
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain
Penyusun
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari - 12.11.0013
Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
Penguji
: Prof. Dr-Ing. LMF. Purwanto
Ir. AMS. Darmawan, M-Bldg
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,
Pembimbing,
Ir. Supriyono, MT
NIDN. 0615025701
Penguji,
Penguji,
Penguji,
Prof. Dr-Ing. LMF. Purwanto Ir. AMS. Darmawan, M-Bldg Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
NIDN. 0006085001
NIDN. 0602066801
NIDN. 0611086201
iii
SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini saya :
Nama
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari
NIM
: 12.11.0013
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXIX
Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2015 / 2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas
Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain
Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
NIDN
: 0612066201
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi
dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas siap
menerima segala konsekuensinya.
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Penulis,
Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari
iv
PRAKATA
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat dan
rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program
Proyek Akhir Arsitektur LXIX yang berjudul “Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan
Anak Usia Dini di Semarang” tepat pada waktunya.
Dalam penyusunan karya tulis ini, penulis mengalami berbagai kesulitan dan
hambatan,
namun
berkat
dorongan
dari
berbagai
pihak,
penulis
dapat
menyelesaikan makalah ini. Oleh karena itu, perkenankanlah penulis mengucap
terima kasih kepada :
1. Bapak Ir. Supriyono, MT yang telah menjadi pembimbing dalam Proyek Akhir
Arsitektur LXIX dan memberi kesempatan kepada penulis untuk dapat
menggali ilmu dan mengembangkan pengetahuan.
2. Ibu F. Nugraheni, S.Pd selaku Kepala Sekolah KB/TK PL Xaverius Semarang
yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan
kegiatan survey di KB/TK PL Xaverius, JL. Dr. Cipto no 91, Semarang.
3. Ibu Munadhiroh selaku Kepala Sekolah Day Care, PG, dan TK Permata Ceria
Bangsa Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk
melakukan kegiatan survey di Day Care, PG, dan TK Permata Ceria Bangsa.
4. Ibu Nurul selaku staff terapis di Mom’me and Baby SPA Semarang yang telah
memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di
Mom’me and Baby SPA.
5. Ibu Krisna selaku Kepala Pimpinan Klub Merby Semarang yang telah
memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di
Klub Merby.
v
6. Ibu Eridani Sukmawati, AMd. dan Ibu Yulianti Astriningrum, Psi. selaku
pengajar di Merby Day Care yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada
penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di Merby Day Care.
7. Ibu Dr. Dr. Asri Purwanti Sp. A (K), M.Pd. selaku dokter di Klinik Anak
Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk
melakukan kegiatan survey di Klinik Anak.
8. Orang tua dan keluarga penulis yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan baik
secara moral maupun material kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat
menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur LXIX ini.
9. Teman dan sahabat penulis yang selalu memberikan bantuan dalam
pencarian data serta penyusunan format makalah ini.
Penulis berharap makalah ini dapat berguna bagi semua pihak serta dapat
menambah pengetahuan bagi pembaca dan penulis sendiri.
Kesempurnaan adalah hal yang sangat sulit dicapai, oleh karena itu, penulis
menyadari bahwa masih banyak kesalahan yang penulis lakukan dalam pembuatan
makalah ini. Penulis mohon maaf apabila ada kata-kata yang kurang berkenan di
hati pembaca.
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Penulis,
Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari
vi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .......................................................................................................... iii
SURAT PERNYATAAN..................................................................................................................iv
PRAKATA ........................................................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................................... xvii
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................................... xx
BAB I ................................................................................................................................................ 1
PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Tujuan............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.2 Sasaran Pembahasan................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan .......................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ........................................................................................................... 7
1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data .......................................................................................... 7
1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa .............................................................................. 10
1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ................................................................................................ 11
1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur................................................................................. 12
1.4.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................................... 14
BAB II............................................................................................................................................. 16
TINJAUAN PROYEK .................................................................................................................... 16
2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.1 Latar Belakang, Perkembangan, Tren....................................................................... 16
vii
2.1.2 Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai ....................................................................................... 18
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ................................................................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Terminologi .................................................................................................................. 18
2.2.2 Kegiatan ....................................................................................................................... 29
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .......................................................................... 43
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota ............................................................................................... 46
2.2.5 Studi Proyek Sejenis ................................................................................................... 50
2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan .............................................................................. 73
2.2.3 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 73
2.3.2 Batasan ........................................................................................................................ 74
2.3.3 Anggapan ..................................................................................................................... 74
BAB III............................................................................................................................................ 76
ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................................................. 76
3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .......................................................................................... 76
3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas .............................................................................................................. 76
3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas............................................................................................................... 95
3.1.3 Studi Ruang Khusus.................................................................................................. 101
3.1.4 Studi Besaran Ruang ................................................................................................ 124
3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural .............................................................................................. 132
3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .......................................................................... 132
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ....................................................................... 132
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................................................. 145
3.2.4 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi .................................................................................. 157
3.3Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ....................................................................... 162
3.3.1 Analisa pemilihan Lokasi .......................................................................................... 162
3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak .......................................................................................... 167
BAB IV ......................................................................................................................................... 172
viii
PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR......................................................................................................... 172
4.1 Konsep Program............................................................................................................... 172
4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektural ............................................................................................ 172
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................................................. 172
4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ........................................................................................................ 174
4.2 Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................................................ 174
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ................................................................................................. 174
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan .................................................................................. 174
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................................................ 175
4.3 Program Arsitektur............................................................................................................ 179
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan...................................................................................................... 179
4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur........................................................................................... 180
4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................................................ 182
4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ...................................................................................... 183
BAB V .......................................................................................................................................... 185
KAJIAN TEORI ........................................................................................................................... 185
5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain ......................................................................... 185
5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Tema Desain..................................................... 185
5.1.2 Studi Preseden / Empiris / Studi Literatur ............................................................... 189
5.1.3 Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................................................................................ 192
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................................................. 195
5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan......................... 195
5.2.2 Studi Preseden / Empiris / Studi Literatur ............................................................... 197
5.2.3 Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan .............................................................. 199
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................... 202
DAFTAR WAWANCARA............................................................................................................ 204
DAFTAR INTERNET .................................................................................................................. 205
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LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................................................. 206
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 : Lingkungan Yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Anak ......................... 1
Gambar 2 : Orang Tua Sibuk Dan Anak Terabaikan .................................................. 2
Gambar 3 : Kolom Bersiku Tajam .............................................................................. 3
Gambar 4 : Meja Anak ............................................................................................. 37
Gambar 5 : Kursi Anak ............................................................................................. 37
Gambar 6 : Box Bayi ................................................................................................ 37
Gambar 7 : Kasur Anak ............................................................................................ 38
Gambar 8 : Changing Table ..................................................................................... 38
Gambar 9 : Sofa Ruang Laktasi ............................................................................... 38
Gambar 10 : Kereta Bayi Auto-Brake ....................................................................... 38
Gambar 11 : Kereta Bayi Bounce............................................................................. 39
Gambar 12 : Peralatan Bermain Anak...................................................................... 39
Gambar 13 : Kolam Anak ......................................................................................... 40
Gambar 14 : Timbangan Badan ............................................................................... 40
Gambar 15 : Alat Ukur Tinggi Badan........................................................................ 40
Gambar 16 : Suntik Imunisasi .................................................................................. 40
Gambar 17 : Nebulizer ............................................................................................. 41
Gambar 18 : Oksigen ............................................................................................... 41
Gambar 19 : Oksigen ............................................................................................... 41
Gambar 20 : Fingerprint ........................................................................................... 42
Gambar 21 : Fingerprint ........................................................................................... 42
Gambar 22 : Router Fiber Optic ............................................................................... 42
Gambar 23 : Letak Kota Semarang .......................................................................... 46
Gambar 24 : Kecamatan Kota Semarang ................................................................ 47
Gambar 25 : KB/TK PL Xaverius, Semarang ........................................................... 51
xi
Gambar 26 : Type Ruang Kelas ............................................................................... 52
Gambar 27 : Ruang Kegiatan................................................................................... 52
Gambar 28 : Ruang UKS ......................................................................................... 53
Gambar 29 : Dimensi Perabot .................................................................................. 53
Gambar 30 : Wastafel Di Dekat Kamar Mandi ......................................................... 54
Gambar 31 : Suasana Kamar Mandi ........................................................................ 54
Gambar 32 : Lapangan Bermain KB/TK PL Xaverius............................................... 54
Gambar 33 : Ruang Receptionist ............................................................................. 57
Gambar 34 : Toko Perlengkapan Momme And Baby SPA ....................................... 58
Gambar 35 : Ruang Spa Anak ................................................................................. 58
Gambar 36 : Ruang Pijat .......................................................................................... 59
Gambar 37 : Salon Anak-Anak ................................................................................. 59
Gambar 38 : Ruang Vokal ........................................................................................ 60
Gambar 39: Ruang Melukis...................................................................................... 61
Gambar 40 : Ruang Menggambar ............................................................................ 61
Gambar 41 : Ruang Tari........................................................................................... 61
Gambar 42 : Ruang Musik Keyboard Dan Piano ..................................................... 62
Gambar 43 : Ruang Musik Biola Dan Gitar .............................................................. 62
Gambar 44 : Ruang Gamelan .................................................................................. 62
Gambar 45 : Ruang Kelas Aksara ............................................................................ 62
Gambar 46 : Ruang Sport, Art, Dan Photography .................................................... 63
Gambar 47 : Ruang Kios Merby ............................................................................... 63
Gambar 48 : Ruang Kedai........................................................................................ 64
Gambar 49 : Ruang Art Shop ................................................................................... 64
Gambar 50 : Kantor Pengelola ................................................................................. 64
Gambar 51 : Ruang Perpustakaan ........................................................................... 65
xii
Gambar 52 : Ruang Kelas Kecil ............................................................................... 66
Gambar 53 : Ruang Kelas Besar.............................................................................. 67
Gambar 54 : Ruang Kepala Sekolah Dan Guru ....................................................... 67
Gambar 55 : Ruang Tunggu..................................................................................... 68
Gambar 56 : Ruang Bermain Outdoor...................................................................... 68
Gambar 57 : Ruang Tidur Anak ............................................................................... 69
Gambar 58 : Ruang Makan ...................................................................................... 69
Gambar 59 : Ruang Serbaguna ............................................................................... 70
Gambar 60 : Ruang Kamar Mandi............................................................................ 70
Gambar 61 : Ruang Tunggu Klinik ........................................................................... 71
Gambar 62 : Ruang Praktek..................................................................................... 72
Gambar 63 : Ruang Tindakan 2 ............................................................................... 72
Gambar 64 : Ruang Tindakan 1 ............................................................................... 72
Gambar 65 : Ruang Obat ......................................................................................... 73
Gambar 66 : Studi Sofa Laktasi ............................................................................. 103
Gambar 67 : Layout Ruang Laktasi........................................................................ 103
Gambar 68 : Layout Ruang Makan Day Care ........................................................ 105
Gambar 69 : Layout Ketinggian Ruang Makan Day Care ...................................... 105
Gambar 70 : Studi Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ..................................................... 106
Gambar 71 : Layout Kamar Mandi Anak ................................................................ 107
Gambar 72 : Studi Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ..................................................... 107
Gambar 73 : Layout Toilet Anak ............................................................................ 108
Gambar 74 : Layout R. Bermain Indoor.................................................................. 110
Gambar 75 : Layout R. Bermain Outdoor ............................................................... 112
Gambar 76 : Tipe Penataan Perabot Dalam Kelas ................................................ 114
Gambar 77 : Layout R. Kelas Anak ........................................................................ 114
xiii
Gambar 78 : Layout R. Kelas Lasy Dan Menggambar ........................................... 114
Gambar 79 : Layout Ketinggian R. Kelas Lasy Dan Menggambar ......................... 115
Gambar 80 : Layout R. Kelas Komputer Anak ....................................................... 116
Gambar 81 : Layout R. Baby SPA .......................................................................... 118
Gambar 82 : Layout Klinik Anak ............................................................................. 121
Gambar 83 : Dimensi Anak Menari Dan Modeling ................................................. 122
Gambar 84 : Struktur Rangka ................................................................................ 133
Gambar 85 : Pondasi Cakar Ayam ......................................................................... 134
Gambar 86 : Pondasi Batu Kali .............................................................................. 134
Gambar 87 : WPC .................................................................................................. 136
Gambar 88 : Parquet Dari Kayu Solid .................................................................... 137
Gambar 89 : WPC .................................................................................................. 137
Gambar 90 : Gerflor Taraflex ................................................................................. 138
Gambar 91 : Rubber Paving ................................................................................... 138
Gambar 92: Keramik .............................................................................................. 138
Gambar 93 : Paving ............................................................................................... 139
Gambar 94 : Lantai Batu Alam ............................................................................... 139
Gambar 95 : Wall Padding ..................................................................................... 141
Gambar 96 : Parquet Dari Kayu Solid .................................................................... 142
Gambar 97 : Rangka Plafon Hollow ....................................................................... 143
Gambar 98 : Lapisan Roof Garden ........................................................................ 145
Gambar 99 : Penerapan Pencahayaan Alami ........................................................ 145
Gambar 100 : Penerapan Pencahayaan Alami ...................................................... 146
Gambar 101 : Lampu Pijar ..................................................................................... 148
Gambar 102 : Lampu TL ........................................................................................ 148
Gambar 103 : Lampu LED ..................................................................................... 149
xiv
Gambar 104 : Lampu Halogen .............................................................................. 149
Gambar 105 : Lampu Pada Taman ........................................................................ 149
Gambar 106 : Penghawaan Alami Dalam Ruang................................................... 151
Gambar 107 : Penangkal Petir Elektrostatis........................................................... 152
Gambar 108 : Sumur Resapan .............................................................................. 154
Gambar 109 : Isometri Sumur Resapan ................................................................. 154
Gambar 110 : Biopori ............................................................................................. 155
Gambar 111 : Standar Kemiringan Ramp .............................................................. 156
Gambar 112 : Tangga Kantor................................................................................. 157
Gambar 113 : Tangga Day Care Brussles ............................................................. 157
Gambar 114 : Alarm Kebakaran, Smoke Detector (Detector Asap), Dan Sprinkle . 157
Gambar 115 : APAR............................................................................................... 158
Gambar 116 : APAR............................................................................................... 158
Gambar 117 : CCTV Dan CCTV Monitor ............................................................... 159
Gambar 118 : Sistem Operasi CCTV ..................................................................... 159
Gambar 119 : Speaker ........................................................................................... 159
Gambar 120 : Sistem Operasi Solar Panel ............................................................ 160
Gambar 121 : Sistem Operasi Solar Panel Water Heater ...................................... 161
Gambar 122 : Peta Kawasan Tembalang .............................................................. 163
Gambar 123 : Peta Kawasan Mijen ........................................................................ 164
Gambar 124 : Master Plan BSB City ...................................................................... 167
Gambar 125 : Lokasi Sekitar Tapak Jl. Karonsih Timur VII .................................... 168
Gambar 126 : Lokasi Sekitar Tapak Jl. Perkebunan Pesantren ............................. 170
Gambar 127 : Lingkungan Sekitar Tapak Terpilih .................................................. 184
Gambar 128 : Arsitek Sebagai Penghubung Antara Lingkungan Dengan Perilaku 185
Gambar 129 : Eksterior Bangunan Fuji Kindergarten ............................................. 190
xv
Gambar 130 : Interior Kelas Fuji Kindergarten ....................................................... 190
Gambar 131 : Perabot Pada Kelas Fuji Kindergarten ............................................ 191
Gambar 132 : Lantai 2 (Roof Top) Fuji Kindergarten ............................................. 191
Gambar 133 : Suasana Roof Top........................................................................... 192
Gambar 134: Dekorasi Ruang Kelas ...................................................................... 192
Gambar 135 : Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ............................................................ 193
Gambar 136 : Desain Meja Dan Kursi Anak........................................................... 193
Gambar 137 : Wastafel Anak ................................................................................. 193
Gambar 138 : Anak Cinta Lingkungan ................................................................... 194
Gambar 139 : Permainan Bagi Aspek Motorik, Kognitif, Sosial, Dan Emosi Anak . 194
Gambar 140 : Kidea Preschool Dan Kindergarten Kelapa Gading......................... 197
Gambar 141 : Ruang Kelas Kidea.......................................................................... 198
Gambar 142 : Area Bermain Indoor Kidea ............................................................. 198
Gambar 143 : Letak Jendela Kidea ........................................................................ 198
Gambar 144 : CCTV Pada Kidea ........................................................................... 198
Gambar 145 : Ruang Bermain Jiyugouka .............................................................. 199
Gambar 146 : Ruang Makan Jiyugouka ................................................................. 199
Gambar 147 : Penutup Stop Kontak....................................................................... 201
Gambar 148 : Bumper Pintu ................................................................................... 201
Gambar 149 : Penggunaan Railling Vertical .......................................................... 201
xvi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1 : Standar Fisik Anak .................................................................................... 20
Tabel 2 : Indikator Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak .............................................. 22
Tabel 3 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pelayanan .................................................................. 31
Tabel 4 : Kelompok Fasilitas Edukasi....................................................................... 32
Tabel 5 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pendukung ................................................................. 33
Tabel 6 : Kelompok Fasilitas Penunjang .................................................................. 34
Tabel 7 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pengelola ................................................................... 34
Tabel 8 : Kelompok Fasilitas Servis ......................................................................... 35
Tabel 9 : Kelompok Fasilitas Servis ......................................................................... 37
Tabel 10 : Luas Kecamatan Semarang .................................................................... 48
Tabel 11 : Zona Kemiringan Topografi Kota Semarang ........................................... 49
Tabel 12 : Standar Kelerengan ................................................................................ 49
Tabel 13 : Jadwal TPA Permata Ceria Bangsa ........................................................ 56
Tabel 14 : Jadwal Tempat Penitipan Anak Merby Day Care .................................... 70
Tabel 15 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pelayanan ........................................ 76
Tabel 16 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Edukasi ............................................ 77
Tabel 17 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pendukung ....................................... 78
Tabel 18 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang........................................ 79
Tabel 19 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelola ......................................... 80
Tabel 20 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Service ............................................. 81
Tabel 21 : Jadwal Kelompok Bermain ..................................................................... 91
Tabel 22 : Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku .................................................................... 92
Tabel 23 : Total Pelaku ........................................................................................... 94
Tabel 24 : Kebutuhan Ruang .................................................................................. 95
Tabel 25 : Sumber Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................... 101
xvii
Tabel 26 : Sumber Studi Sirkulasi .......................................................................... 101
Tabel 27 : SRK R. Laktasi ...................................................................................... 103
Tabel 28 : Tinggi Anak Usia 2-6 Tahun .................................................................. 104
Tabel 29 : SRK R. Makan Day Care....................................................................... 104
Tabel 30 : SRK R. Jemur Badan ............................................................................ 106
Tabel 31 : SRK Kamar Mandi Anak........................................................................ 107
Tabel 32 : SRK Toilet Anak .................................................................................... 108
Tabel 33 : SRK R. Bermain Anak Indoor ................................................................ 110
Tabel 34 : SRK R. Bermain Anak Outdoor ............................................................. 111
Tabel 35 : SRK R. Kelas Anak ............................................................................... 113
Tabel 36 : SRK R. Kelas Komputer Anak ............................................................... 115
Tabel 37 : SRK R. Pijat Baby SPA ......................................................................... 117
Tabel 38 : SRK R. Praktek Klinik ............................................................................ 119
Tabel 39 : SRK R. Tindakan ................................................................................... 119
Tabel 40 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 120
Tabel 41 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 122
Tabel 42 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 124
Tabel 43 : Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................ 124
Tabel 44 : Rekapan Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................. 130
Tabel 45 : Pelaku Pengguna Lahan Parkir ............................................................. 131
Tabel 46 : Studi Ruang Lahan Parkir ..................................................................... 131
Tabel 47 : Studi Ruang Outdoor............................................................................. 132
Tabel 48 : Penggunaan Material Penutup Lantai ................................................... 136
Tabel 49 : Penggunaan Material Dinding Yang Aman............................................ 141
Tabel 50 : Pengelompokan Kebutuhan Cahaya ..................................................... 150
Tabel 51 : Kebutuhan Pencahayaan Pada TPA Dan PAUD .................................. 150
xviii
Tabel 52 : Potensi Dan Kelemahan Daerah Sambiroto .......................................... 164
Tabel 53 : Potensi Dan Kelemahan Daerah BSB ................................................... 165
Tabel 54 : Penilaian Lokasi .................................................................................... 165
Tabel 55 : Pemilihan Lokasi Tapak ........................................................................ 171
Tabel 56 :Studi Ruang Indoor ................................................................................ 179
Tabel 57 : Studi Ruang Lahan Parkir ..................................................................... 179
Tabel 58 : Data Fuji Kindergarten........................................................................... 189
Tabel 59 : Arti Warna ............................................................................................. 194
xix
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 1 : Metoda Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 7
Diagram 2 : Diagram Pengumpulan Data................................................................... 8
Diagram 3 : Tinjauan Proyek Sejenis ......................................................................... 9
Diagram 4 : Metoda Penyusunan Dan Analisa......................................................... 10
Diagram 5 : Metoda Pemrograman .......................................................................... 11
Diagram 6 : Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................... 12
Diagram 7 : Ukuran Tubuh Anak .............................................................................. 19
Diagram 8 : Susunan Organisasi Tpa Dan Paud ..................................................... 36
Diagram 9: Luas Kecamatan Semarang .................................................................. 48
Diagram 10 : Urutan Terapi Baby Spa ..................................................................... 57
Diagram 11 : Organisasi Kepengurusan Klub Merby ............................................... 60
Diagram 12 : Organisasi Kepengurusan Merby Day Care ....................................... 65
Diagram 13 : Aktivitas Klinik Anak ............................................................................ 71
Diagram 14 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 3 Bulan – 3 Tahun...................................... 82
Diagram 15 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 3 Tahun – 4 Tahun..................................... 83
Diagram 16 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 4 Tahun – 6 Tahun..................................... 83
Diagram 17 : Alur Kegiatan Orang Tua / Pengantar................................................. 84
Diagram 18 : Alur Kegiatan Ahi Gizi ......................................................................... 84
Diagram 19 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Sekolah Dan Guru............................................ 85
Diagram 20 : Alur Kegiatan Pengajar Pengembangan Bakat................................... 85
Diagram 21 : Alur Kegiatan Terapis ......................................................................... 85
Diagram 22 : Alur Kegiatan Dokter ........................................................................... 86
Diagram 23 : Alur Kegiatan Asisten Dokter .............................................................. 86
Diagram 24 : Alur Kegiatan Karyawan Toko ............................................................ 87
Diagram 25 : Alur Kegiatan Pembeli ........................................................................ 87
xx
Diagram 26 : Alur Kegiatan Pemilik Dan Supervisor ................................................ 87
Diagram 27 : Alur Kegiatan Staff Administrasi ......................................................... 88
Diagram 28 : Alur Kegiatan Staff Admisi .................................................................. 88
Diagram 29 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Tempat Penitipan Anak ........................ 88
Diagram 30 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Paud ..................................................... 89
Diagram 31 : Alur Kegiatan Pengasuh ..................................................................... 89
Diagram 32 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Keamanan Dan Kebersihan ............................. 90
Diagram 33 : Alur Kegiatan Satpam ......................................................................... 90
Diagram 34 : Alur Kegiatan Cleaning Service .......................................................... 90
Diagram 35 : Alur Kegiatan Tukang Kebun / Gardener ............................................ 91
Diagram 36 : Pola Ruang Makro ............................................................................. 99
Diagram 37 : Pola Ruang Mikro ............................................................................ 100
Diagram 38 : Distribusi Listrik................................................................................. 152
Diagram 39 : Distribusi Air Bersih.......................................................................... 153
Diagram 40 : Skema Air Kotor ............................................................................... 153
Diagram 41 : Sistem Water Treatment System ...................................................... 161
Diagram 42 : Pengaruh Keselamatan Dan Keamanan........................................... 199
xxi
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015/2016
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
TEMPAT PENITIPAN ANAK DAN PENDIDIKAN
ANAK USIA DINI DI SEMARANG
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian
Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana
Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh :
Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari 12.11.0013
Dosen Pembimbing :
Ir.Supriyono, MT
NIDN : 0615025701
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
SEMARANG
April, 2016
i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain
Penyusun
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari - 12.11.0013
Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
NIDN
: 0612066201
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,
Dekan,
Ketua,
Koordinator
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Program Studi Arsitektur
PAA ‘69
Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., Ph.D
NIDN. 0626076501
Dr. Ir. Krisprantono Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT
NIDN. 0616085701
NIDN. 0625116302
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
Periode LXIX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2015 / 2016
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain
Penyusun
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari - 12.11.0013
Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
Penguji
: Prof. Dr-Ing. LMF. Purwanto
Ir. AMS. Darmawan, M-Bldg
Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Mengetahui dan mengesahkan,
Pembimbing,
Ir. Supriyono, MT
NIDN. 0615025701
Penguji,
Penguji,
Penguji,
Prof. Dr-Ing. LMF. Purwanto Ir. AMS. Darmawan, M-Bldg Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT
NIDN. 0006085001
NIDN. 0602066801
NIDN. 0611086201
iii
SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini saya :
Nama
: Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari
NIM
: 12.11.0013
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXIX
Semester Genap Tahun Ajaran 2015 / 2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas
Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
Judul
: Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Semarang
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian : Keselamatan dan Keamanan Desain
Pembimbing
: Ir. Supriyono, MT
NIDN
: 0612066201
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi. Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi
dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan di atas siap
menerima segala konsekuensinya.
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Penulis,
Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari
iv
PRAKATA
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat dan
rahmat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program
Proyek Akhir Arsitektur LXIX yang berjudul “Tempat Penitipan Anak dan Pendidikan
Anak Usia Dini di Semarang” tepat pada waktunya.
Dalam penyusunan karya tulis ini, penulis mengalami berbagai kesulitan dan
hambatan,
namun
berkat
dorongan
dari
berbagai
pihak,
penulis
dapat
menyelesaikan makalah ini. Oleh karena itu, perkenankanlah penulis mengucap
terima kasih kepada :
1. Bapak Ir. Supriyono, MT yang telah menjadi pembimbing dalam Proyek Akhir
Arsitektur LXIX dan memberi kesempatan kepada penulis untuk dapat
menggali ilmu dan mengembangkan pengetahuan.
2. Ibu F. Nugraheni, S.Pd selaku Kepala Sekolah KB/TK PL Xaverius Semarang
yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan
kegiatan survey di KB/TK PL Xaverius, JL. Dr. Cipto no 91, Semarang.
3. Ibu Munadhiroh selaku Kepala Sekolah Day Care, PG, dan TK Permata Ceria
Bangsa Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk
melakukan kegiatan survey di Day Care, PG, dan TK Permata Ceria Bangsa.
4. Ibu Nurul selaku staff terapis di Mom’me and Baby SPA Semarang yang telah
memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di
Mom’me and Baby SPA.
5. Ibu Krisna selaku Kepala Pimpinan Klub Merby Semarang yang telah
memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di
Klub Merby.
v
6. Ibu Eridani Sukmawati, AMd. dan Ibu Yulianti Astriningrum, Psi. selaku
pengajar di Merby Day Care yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada
penulis untuk melakukan kegiatan survey di Merby Day Care.
7. Ibu Dr. Dr. Asri Purwanti Sp. A (K), M.Pd. selaku dokter di Klinik Anak
Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk
melakukan kegiatan survey di Klinik Anak.
8. Orang tua dan keluarga penulis yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan baik
secara moral maupun material kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat
menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur LXIX ini.
9. Teman dan sahabat penulis yang selalu memberikan bantuan dalam
pencarian data serta penyusunan format makalah ini.
Penulis berharap makalah ini dapat berguna bagi semua pihak serta dapat
menambah pengetahuan bagi pembaca dan penulis sendiri.
Kesempurnaan adalah hal yang sangat sulit dicapai, oleh karena itu, penulis
menyadari bahwa masih banyak kesalahan yang penulis lakukan dalam pembuatan
makalah ini. Penulis mohon maaf apabila ada kata-kata yang kurang berkenan di
hati pembaca.
Semarang, 22 April 2016
Penulis,
Ang, Martha Evelyn Ratnasari
vi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .......................................................................................................... iii
SURAT PERNYATAAN..................................................................................................................iv
PRAKATA ........................................................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................................... xvii
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................................... xx
BAB I ................................................................................................................................................ 1
PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Tujuan............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.2 Sasaran Pembahasan................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan .......................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ........................................................................................................... 7
1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data .......................................................................................... 7
1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa .............................................................................. 10
1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ................................................................................................ 11
1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur................................................................................. 12
1.4.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................................... 14
BAB II............................................................................................................................................. 16
TINJAUAN PROYEK .................................................................................................................... 16
2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.1 Latar Belakang, Perkembangan, Tren....................................................................... 16
vii
2.1.2 Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai ....................................................................................... 18
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ................................................................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Terminologi .................................................................................................................. 18
2.2.2 Kegiatan ....................................................................................................................... 29
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .......................................................................... 43
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota ............................................................................................... 46
2.2.5 Studi Proyek Sejenis ................................................................................................... 50
2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan .............................................................................. 73
2.2.3 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................. 73
2.3.2 Batasan ........................................................................................................................ 74
2.3.3 Anggapan ..................................................................................................................... 74
BAB III............................................................................................................................................ 76
ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................................................. 76
3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .......................................................................................... 76
3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas .............................................................................................................. 76
3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas............................................................................................................... 95
3.1.3 Studi Ruang Khusus.................................................................................................. 101
3.1.4 Studi Besaran Ruang ................................................................................................ 124
3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural .............................................................................................. 132
3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .......................................................................... 132
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ....................................................................... 132
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................................................. 145
3.2.4 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi .................................................................................. 157
3.3Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ....................................................................... 162
3.3.1 Analisa pemilihan Lokasi .......................................................................................... 162
3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak .......................................................................................... 167
BAB IV ......................................................................................................................................... 172
viii
PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR......................................................................................................... 172
4.1 Konsep Program............................................................................................................... 172
4.1.1 Aspek Citra Arsitektural ............................................................................................ 172
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................................................. 172
4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ........................................................................................................ 174
4.2 Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................................................ 174
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ................................................................................................. 174
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan .................................................................................. 174
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................................................ 175
4.3 Program Arsitektur............................................................................................................ 179
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan...................................................................................................... 179
4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur........................................................................................... 180
4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................................................ 182
4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ...................................................................................... 183
BAB V .......................................................................................................................................... 185
KAJIAN TEORI ........................................................................................................................... 185
5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain ......................................................................... 185
5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Tema Desain..................................................... 185
5.1.2 Studi Preseden / Empiris / Studi Literatur ............................................................... 189
5.1.3 Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................................................................................ 192
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ............................................................................. 195
5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan......................... 195
5.2.2 Studi Preseden / Empiris / Studi Literatur ............................................................... 197
5.2.3 Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan .............................................................. 199
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................... 202
DAFTAR WAWANCARA............................................................................................................ 204
DAFTAR INTERNET .................................................................................................................. 205
ix
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................................................. 206
x
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 : Lingkungan Yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Anak ......................... 1
Gambar 2 : Orang Tua Sibuk Dan Anak Terabaikan .................................................. 2
Gambar 3 : Kolom Bersiku Tajam .............................................................................. 3
Gambar 4 : Meja Anak ............................................................................................. 37
Gambar 5 : Kursi Anak ............................................................................................. 37
Gambar 6 : Box Bayi ................................................................................................ 37
Gambar 7 : Kasur Anak ............................................................................................ 38
Gambar 8 : Changing Table ..................................................................................... 38
Gambar 9 : Sofa Ruang Laktasi ............................................................................... 38
Gambar 10 : Kereta Bayi Auto-Brake ....................................................................... 38
Gambar 11 : Kereta Bayi Bounce............................................................................. 39
Gambar 12 : Peralatan Bermain Anak...................................................................... 39
Gambar 13 : Kolam Anak ......................................................................................... 40
Gambar 14 : Timbangan Badan ............................................................................... 40
Gambar 15 : Alat Ukur Tinggi Badan........................................................................ 40
Gambar 16 : Suntik Imunisasi .................................................................................. 40
Gambar 17 : Nebulizer ............................................................................................. 41
Gambar 18 : Oksigen ............................................................................................... 41
Gambar 19 : Oksigen ............................................................................................... 41
Gambar 20 : Fingerprint ........................................................................................... 42
Gambar 21 : Fingerprint ........................................................................................... 42
Gambar 22 : Router Fiber Optic ............................................................................... 42
Gambar 23 : Letak Kota Semarang .......................................................................... 46
Gambar 24 : Kecamatan Kota Semarang ................................................................ 47
Gambar 25 : KB/TK PL Xaverius, Semarang ........................................................... 51
xi
Gambar 26 : Type Ruang Kelas ............................................................................... 52
Gambar 27 : Ruang Kegiatan................................................................................... 52
Gambar 28 : Ruang UKS ......................................................................................... 53
Gambar 29 : Dimensi Perabot .................................................................................. 53
Gambar 30 : Wastafel Di Dekat Kamar Mandi ......................................................... 54
Gambar 31 : Suasana Kamar Mandi ........................................................................ 54
Gambar 32 : Lapangan Bermain KB/TK PL Xaverius............................................... 54
Gambar 33 : Ruang Receptionist ............................................................................. 57
Gambar 34 : Toko Perlengkapan Momme And Baby SPA ....................................... 58
Gambar 35 : Ruang Spa Anak ................................................................................. 58
Gambar 36 : Ruang Pijat .......................................................................................... 59
Gambar 37 : Salon Anak-Anak ................................................................................. 59
Gambar 38 : Ruang Vokal ........................................................................................ 60
Gambar 39: Ruang Melukis...................................................................................... 61
Gambar 40 : Ruang Menggambar ............................................................................ 61
Gambar 41 : Ruang Tari........................................................................................... 61
Gambar 42 : Ruang Musik Keyboard Dan Piano ..................................................... 62
Gambar 43 : Ruang Musik Biola Dan Gitar .............................................................. 62
Gambar 44 : Ruang Gamelan .................................................................................. 62
Gambar 45 : Ruang Kelas Aksara ............................................................................ 62
Gambar 46 : Ruang Sport, Art, Dan Photography .................................................... 63
Gambar 47 : Ruang Kios Merby ............................................................................... 63
Gambar 48 : Ruang Kedai........................................................................................ 64
Gambar 49 : Ruang Art Shop ................................................................................... 64
Gambar 50 : Kantor Pengelola ................................................................................. 64
Gambar 51 : Ruang Perpustakaan ........................................................................... 65
xii
Gambar 52 : Ruang Kelas Kecil ............................................................................... 66
Gambar 53 : Ruang Kelas Besar.............................................................................. 67
Gambar 54 : Ruang Kepala Sekolah Dan Guru ....................................................... 67
Gambar 55 : Ruang Tunggu..................................................................................... 68
Gambar 56 : Ruang Bermain Outdoor...................................................................... 68
Gambar 57 : Ruang Tidur Anak ............................................................................... 69
Gambar 58 : Ruang Makan ...................................................................................... 69
Gambar 59 : Ruang Serbaguna ............................................................................... 70
Gambar 60 : Ruang Kamar Mandi............................................................................ 70
Gambar 61 : Ruang Tunggu Klinik ........................................................................... 71
Gambar 62 : Ruang Praktek..................................................................................... 72
Gambar 63 : Ruang Tindakan 2 ............................................................................... 72
Gambar 64 : Ruang Tindakan 1 ............................................................................... 72
Gambar 65 : Ruang Obat ......................................................................................... 73
Gambar 66 : Studi Sofa Laktasi ............................................................................. 103
Gambar 67 : Layout Ruang Laktasi........................................................................ 103
Gambar 68 : Layout Ruang Makan Day Care ........................................................ 105
Gambar 69 : Layout Ketinggian Ruang Makan Day Care ...................................... 105
Gambar 70 : Studi Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ..................................................... 106
Gambar 71 : Layout Kamar Mandi Anak ................................................................ 107
Gambar 72 : Studi Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ..................................................... 107
Gambar 73 : Layout Toilet Anak ............................................................................ 108
Gambar 74 : Layout R. Bermain Indoor.................................................................. 110
Gambar 75 : Layout R. Bermain Outdoor ............................................................... 112
Gambar 76 : Tipe Penataan Perabot Dalam Kelas ................................................ 114
Gambar 77 : Layout R. Kelas Anak ........................................................................ 114
xiii
Gambar 78 : Layout R. Kelas Lasy Dan Menggambar ........................................... 114
Gambar 79 : Layout Ketinggian R. Kelas Lasy Dan Menggambar ......................... 115
Gambar 80 : Layout R. Kelas Komputer Anak ....................................................... 116
Gambar 81 : Layout R. Baby SPA .......................................................................... 118
Gambar 82 : Layout Klinik Anak ............................................................................. 121
Gambar 83 : Dimensi Anak Menari Dan Modeling ................................................. 122
Gambar 84 : Struktur Rangka ................................................................................ 133
Gambar 85 : Pondasi Cakar Ayam ......................................................................... 134
Gambar 86 : Pondasi Batu Kali .............................................................................. 134
Gambar 87 : WPC .................................................................................................. 136
Gambar 88 : Parquet Dari Kayu Solid .................................................................... 137
Gambar 89 : WPC .................................................................................................. 137
Gambar 90 : Gerflor Taraflex ................................................................................. 138
Gambar 91 : Rubber Paving ................................................................................... 138
Gambar 92: Keramik .............................................................................................. 138
Gambar 93 : Paving ............................................................................................... 139
Gambar 94 : Lantai Batu Alam ............................................................................... 139
Gambar 95 : Wall Padding ..................................................................................... 141
Gambar 96 : Parquet Dari Kayu Solid .................................................................... 142
Gambar 97 : Rangka Plafon Hollow ....................................................................... 143
Gambar 98 : Lapisan Roof Garden ........................................................................ 145
Gambar 99 : Penerapan Pencahayaan Alami ........................................................ 145
Gambar 100 : Penerapan Pencahayaan Alami ...................................................... 146
Gambar 101 : Lampu Pijar ..................................................................................... 148
Gambar 102 : Lampu TL ........................................................................................ 148
Gambar 103 : Lampu LED ..................................................................................... 149
xiv
Gambar 104 : Lampu Halogen .............................................................................. 149
Gambar 105 : Lampu Pada Taman ........................................................................ 149
Gambar 106 : Penghawaan Alami Dalam Ruang................................................... 151
Gambar 107 : Penangkal Petir Elektrostatis........................................................... 152
Gambar 108 : Sumur Resapan .............................................................................. 154
Gambar 109 : Isometri Sumur Resapan ................................................................. 154
Gambar 110 : Biopori ............................................................................................. 155
Gambar 111 : Standar Kemiringan Ramp .............................................................. 156
Gambar 112 : Tangga Kantor................................................................................. 157
Gambar 113 : Tangga Day Care Brussles ............................................................. 157
Gambar 114 : Alarm Kebakaran, Smoke Detector (Detector Asap), Dan Sprinkle . 157
Gambar 115 : APAR............................................................................................... 158
Gambar 116 : APAR............................................................................................... 158
Gambar 117 : CCTV Dan CCTV Monitor ............................................................... 159
Gambar 118 : Sistem Operasi CCTV ..................................................................... 159
Gambar 119 : Speaker ........................................................................................... 159
Gambar 120 : Sistem Operasi Solar Panel ............................................................ 160
Gambar 121 : Sistem Operasi Solar Panel Water Heater ...................................... 161
Gambar 122 : Peta Kawasan Tembalang .............................................................. 163
Gambar 123 : Peta Kawasan Mijen ........................................................................ 164
Gambar 124 : Master Plan BSB City ...................................................................... 167
Gambar 125 : Lokasi Sekitar Tapak Jl. Karonsih Timur VII .................................... 168
Gambar 126 : Lokasi Sekitar Tapak Jl. Perkebunan Pesantren ............................. 170
Gambar 127 : Lingkungan Sekitar Tapak Terpilih .................................................. 184
Gambar 128 : Arsitek Sebagai Penghubung Antara Lingkungan Dengan Perilaku 185
Gambar 129 : Eksterior Bangunan Fuji Kindergarten ............................................. 190
xv
Gambar 130 : Interior Kelas Fuji Kindergarten ....................................................... 190
Gambar 131 : Perabot Pada Kelas Fuji Kindergarten ............................................ 191
Gambar 132 : Lantai 2 (Roof Top) Fuji Kindergarten ............................................. 191
Gambar 133 : Suasana Roof Top........................................................................... 192
Gambar 134: Dekorasi Ruang Kelas ...................................................................... 192
Gambar 135 : Perabot Kamar Mandi Anak ............................................................ 193
Gambar 136 : Desain Meja Dan Kursi Anak........................................................... 193
Gambar 137 : Wastafel Anak ................................................................................. 193
Gambar 138 : Anak Cinta Lingkungan ................................................................... 194
Gambar 139 : Permainan Bagi Aspek Motorik, Kognitif, Sosial, Dan Emosi Anak . 194
Gambar 140 : Kidea Preschool Dan Kindergarten Kelapa Gading......................... 197
Gambar 141 : Ruang Kelas Kidea.......................................................................... 198
Gambar 142 : Area Bermain Indoor Kidea ............................................................. 198
Gambar 143 : Letak Jendela Kidea ........................................................................ 198
Gambar 144 : CCTV Pada Kidea ........................................................................... 198
Gambar 145 : Ruang Bermain Jiyugouka .............................................................. 199
Gambar 146 : Ruang Makan Jiyugouka ................................................................. 199
Gambar 147 : Penutup Stop Kontak....................................................................... 201
Gambar 148 : Bumper Pintu ................................................................................... 201
Gambar 149 : Penggunaan Railling Vertical .......................................................... 201
xvi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1 : Standar Fisik Anak .................................................................................... 20
Tabel 2 : Indikator Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak .............................................. 22
Tabel 3 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pelayanan .................................................................. 31
Tabel 4 : Kelompok Fasilitas Edukasi....................................................................... 32
Tabel 5 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pendukung ................................................................. 33
Tabel 6 : Kelompok Fasilitas Penunjang .................................................................. 34
Tabel 7 : Kelompok Fasilitas Pengelola ................................................................... 34
Tabel 8 : Kelompok Fasilitas Servis ......................................................................... 35
Tabel 9 : Kelompok Fasilitas Servis ......................................................................... 37
Tabel 10 : Luas Kecamatan Semarang .................................................................... 48
Tabel 11 : Zona Kemiringan Topografi Kota Semarang ........................................... 49
Tabel 12 : Standar Kelerengan ................................................................................ 49
Tabel 13 : Jadwal TPA Permata Ceria Bangsa ........................................................ 56
Tabel 14 : Jadwal Tempat Penitipan Anak Merby Day Care .................................... 70
Tabel 15 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pelayanan ........................................ 76
Tabel 16 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Edukasi ............................................ 77
Tabel 17 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pendukung ....................................... 78
Tabel 18 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang........................................ 79
Tabel 19 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Pengelola ......................................... 80
Tabel 20 : Studi Aktivitas Kelompok Kegiatan Service ............................................. 81
Tabel 21 : Jadwal Kelompok Bermain ..................................................................... 91
Tabel 22 : Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku .................................................................... 92
Tabel 23 : Total Pelaku ........................................................................................... 94
Tabel 24 : Kebutuhan Ruang .................................................................................. 95
Tabel 25 : Sumber Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................... 101
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Tabel 26 : Sumber Studi Sirkulasi .......................................................................... 101
Tabel 27 : SRK R. Laktasi ...................................................................................... 103
Tabel 28 : Tinggi Anak Usia 2-6 Tahun .................................................................. 104
Tabel 29 : SRK R. Makan Day Care....................................................................... 104
Tabel 30 : SRK R. Jemur Badan ............................................................................ 106
Tabel 31 : SRK Kamar Mandi Anak........................................................................ 107
Tabel 32 : SRK Toilet Anak .................................................................................... 108
Tabel 33 : SRK R. Bermain Anak Indoor ................................................................ 110
Tabel 34 : SRK R. Bermain Anak Outdoor ............................................................. 111
Tabel 35 : SRK R. Kelas Anak ............................................................................... 113
Tabel 36 : SRK R. Kelas Komputer Anak ............................................................... 115
Tabel 37 : SRK R. Pijat Baby SPA ......................................................................... 117
Tabel 38 : SRK R. Praktek Klinik ............................................................................ 119
Tabel 39 : SRK R. Tindakan ................................................................................... 119
Tabel 40 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 120
Tabel 41 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 122
Tabel 42 : SRK R. Obat.......................................................................................... 124
Tabel 43 : Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................ 124
Tabel 44 : Rekapan Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................. 130
Tabel 45 : Pelaku Pengguna Lahan Parkir ............................................................. 131
Tabel 46 : Studi Ruang Lahan Parkir ..................................................................... 131
Tabel 47 : Studi Ruang Outdoor............................................................................. 132
Tabel 48 : Penggunaan Material Penutup Lantai ................................................... 136
Tabel 49 : Penggunaan Material Dinding Yang Aman............................................ 141
Tabel 50 : Pengelompokan Kebutuhan Cahaya ..................................................... 150
Tabel 51 : Kebutuhan Pencahayaan Pada TPA Dan PAUD .................................. 150
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Tabel 52 : Potensi Dan Kelemahan Daerah Sambiroto .......................................... 164
Tabel 53 : Potensi Dan Kelemahan Daerah BSB ................................................... 165
Tabel 54 : Penilaian Lokasi .................................................................................... 165
Tabel 55 : Pemilihan Lokasi Tapak ........................................................................ 171
Tabel 56 :Studi Ruang Indoor ................................................................................ 179
Tabel 57 : Studi Ruang Lahan Parkir ..................................................................... 179
Tabel 58 : Data Fuji Kindergarten........................................................................... 189
Tabel 59 : Arti Warna ............................................................................................. 194
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 1 : Metoda Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 7
Diagram 2 : Diagram Pengumpulan Data................................................................... 8
Diagram 3 : Tinjauan Proyek Sejenis ......................................................................... 9
Diagram 4 : Metoda Penyusunan Dan Analisa......................................................... 10
Diagram 5 : Metoda Pemrograman .......................................................................... 11
Diagram 6 : Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................... 12
Diagram 7 : Ukuran Tubuh Anak .............................................................................. 19
Diagram 8 : Susunan Organisasi Tpa Dan Paud ..................................................... 36
Diagram 9: Luas Kecamatan Semarang .................................................................. 48
Diagram 10 : Urutan Terapi Baby Spa ..................................................................... 57
Diagram 11 : Organisasi Kepengurusan Klub Merby ............................................... 60
Diagram 12 : Organisasi Kepengurusan Merby Day Care ....................................... 65
Diagram 13 : Aktivitas Klinik Anak ............................................................................ 71
Diagram 14 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 3 Bulan – 3 Tahun...................................... 82
Diagram 15 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 3 Tahun – 4 Tahun..................................... 83
Diagram 16 : Alur Kegiatan Anak-Anak 4 Tahun – 6 Tahun..................................... 83
Diagram 17 : Alur Kegiatan Orang Tua / Pengantar................................................. 84
Diagram 18 : Alur Kegiatan Ahi Gizi ......................................................................... 84
Diagram 19 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Sekolah Dan Guru............................................ 85
Diagram 20 : Alur Kegiatan Pengajar Pengembangan Bakat................................... 85
Diagram 21 : Alur Kegiatan Terapis ......................................................................... 85
Diagram 22 : Alur Kegiatan Dokter ........................................................................... 86
Diagram 23 : Alur Kegiatan Asisten Dokter .............................................................. 86
Diagram 24 : Alur Kegiatan Karyawan Toko ............................................................ 87
Diagram 25 : Alur Kegiatan Pembeli ........................................................................ 87
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Diagram 26 : Alur Kegiatan Pemilik Dan Supervisor ................................................ 87
Diagram 27 : Alur Kegiatan Staff Administrasi ......................................................... 88
Diagram 28 : Alur Kegiatan Staff Admisi .................................................................. 88
Diagram 29 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Tempat Penitipan Anak ........................ 88
Diagram 30 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Bagian Paud ..................................................... 89
Diagram 31 : Alur Kegiatan Pengasuh ..................................................................... 89
Diagram 32 : Alur Kegiatan Kepala Keamanan Dan Kebersihan ............................. 90
Diagram 33 : Alur Kegiatan Satpam ......................................................................... 90
Diagram 34 : Alur Kegiatan Cleaning Service .......................................................... 90
Diagram 35 : Alur Kegiatan Tukang Kebun / Gardener ............................................ 91
Diagram 36 : Pola Ruang Makro ............................................................................. 99
Diagram 37 : Pola Ruang Mikro ............................................................................ 100
Diagram 38 : Distribusi Listrik................................................................................. 152
Diagram 39 : Distribusi Air Bersih.......................................................................... 153
Diagram 40 : Skema Air Kotor ............................................................................... 153
Diagram 41 : Sistem Water Treatment System ...................................................... 161
Diagram 42 : Pengaruh Keselamatan Dan Keamanan........................................... 199
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