Validation of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C). A preliminary results.

THE 1ST UDAYANA INTERNATIONAL NURSING CONFERENCE

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With Mental Disorders In Puskesmas II East Denpasar
Ni Made Dian Sulistiowati, , Made Oka Ari K, Kadek Eka S, Komang Menik Sri K .... 79

67. Validation Of The Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire For Children (DEBQ-C). A
Preliminary Results
Francisca Shanti Kusumaningsih, Luh Mira Puspita .................................................... 80

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I Kadek Saputra ............................................................................................................. 89

ix

THE 1ST UDAYANA INTERNATIONAL NURSING CONFERENCE

VALIDATION OF THE DUTCH EATING BEHAVIOUR QUESTIONNAIRE
FOR CHILDREN (DEBQ-C). A PRELIMINARY RESULTS
1


Francisca Shanti Kusumaningsih1, Luh Mira Puspita1
Nursing Science Program, Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Email: shanticisca@gmail.com

Abstract
Nutritional status of children affected by eating behavior of children who tend to be
influenced internal and external factors. The Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for
Children (DEBQ-C) is a questionnaire that can be used to measure the child's eating
behavior The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of among
Indonesian school age children. A cross-sectional validation study. For testing criterion
related validity was assessed by Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients and
reliability was tested by Cronbach‟s alpha coefficient. Setting: Two elementary school
in the East Denpasar 1 primary health center region. The questionnaire was
administered to 80 participants (mean age 11.39 y;,s.d, 0.551, both sexes) from two
elementary schools. The presence of three major factors (emotional eating, restrained
eating and external eating) that translated into 20 questions with loadings similar to
those of the original questionnaire. Three subscales of DEBQ-C had higher internal
consistency and test-retest reliability (validity range: 0.656-0.306; reliability: 0.719).
This study show the results the factorial validity and the reliability of a Indonesian
version of the DEBQ-C.

Keywords: Eating behavior, children, validity

80

Validation of the Dutch Eating Behaviour
Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C). A
preliminary results
Francisca Shanti Kusumaningsih*, Luh Mira Puspita*
*Nursing Science Program, Medicine Faculty, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
Corresponding author.
Email address: shanticisca@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Background: Nutritional status of children affected by eating behavior of children who tend to be influenced
internal and external factors. The Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C) is a questionnaire
that can be used to measure the child's eating behavior.
Objective: To test the reliability and validity of among Indonesian school age children.
Design: A cross-sectional validation study. For testing criterion related validity was assessed by Pearson Product
Moment Correlation Coefficients and reliability was tested by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
Setting: Two elementary school in the East Denpasar 1 primary health center region.

Subjects: The questionnaire was administered to 80 participants (mean age 11.39 y;,s.d, 0.551, both sexes) from
two elementary schools.
Results: The presence of three major factors (emotional eating, restrained eating and external eating) that translated
into 20 questions with loadings similar to those of the original questionnaire. Three subscales of DEBQ-C had
higher internal consistency and test-retest reliability (validity range: 0.656-0.306; reliability: 0.719).
Conclusions: This study show the results the factorial validity and the reliability of a Indonesian version of the
DEBQ-C.
Keywords: Eating behaviour, children, validity

Introduction

problems

Basic needs required by the child is the

attention because it can lead to increased

fulfillment of adequate nutrition for growth

morbidity, mortality, affecting intelligence,


and maintaining body function1. Issues of

as

child nutrition is still a problem in

development3.

developing countries. Nutritional problems

nutritional status are children food intake

tend to gain weight with the dual problems

and health conditions.

well

in


as

children

barriers
Factors

requires

to

special

growth

and

affecting


the

of malnutrition have not been resolved, at
the same time the problem of excess
nutrients

more

increase2.

Nutritional

The life span of children aged 6 to 12 years
are often referred to school age. School age

children is period starts from the entry of

which is eating less than desired to lose or

children into the school environment has a


maintain body weight7.

significant impact on child development. In
the school years are very important to

The Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire

emphasize to the children about balanced

(DEBQ) developed by Van Strien and

nutrition to promote the child growth4.

Oosterveld (2008) is a tool used to measure

Application of optimal nutrition in school-

eating behavior of children consisting of 20


age children are often not achieved due to

items of questions with three aspects of the

the attraction of children to foods that are

assessment that is emotional eating, eating

not nutritious, diet irregular family and work

external, and restrained eating. DEBQ been

schedules of parents. The role of the family,

translated and proved to the reliable and

the influence of friends, and mass media

valid


advertising

eating

Portuguese, French, English and Turkish.

behaviors and decisions in choosing of food

DEBQ valid used in setting child, adult,

children5. Ad impressions in the mass media,

female, and over weight. DEBQ for children

especially on television greatly influence a

called

child's

Questionnaire for Chidren (DEBQ-C)

influences

decision

in

children's

choosing

foods,

in

The

several

Dutch

language

Eating

including

Behaviour

especially foods high in calories and high in
lipid6.

Methods
The purpose of this study is to test the

Some theories say that in addition to genetic

reliability and validity of among Indonesian

factors and the environment, there are

school age children. Participants in this

several reasons why a person consumes

study were 80 students (male and female) in

excess

psychosomatic

two primary schools in the health center of

(emotional eating), external eating, and

Denpasar Timur 1 aged 10 to 12 years.

restrained eating. The theory explains about

Participants were given explanation of the

the eating habits consist of eating in

study/informed concent and then bring the

response to negative emotion (emotional

informed concent form to give the parents to

eating), eating in respon to sight or smell of

be signed.

food,

which

is

food (external eating), and dietary restraint,

We tested wether the integrity of the

Discussions

factorial structure of the questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to determine

remained following translation into another

the cross cultural validity and the reliability

language and used on a different population.

of DEBQ-C for Indonesians age school

The original version of the DEBQ-C was

children.

translated in Indonesian; then, a native

determining

speaking English reviewer translated back

indicated three main factors. These three

the Indonesian version in English. This form

factors were same as the three factor

was compared with the original one and sent

structure of Van Strien. In other words,

to the authors, who approved the translation.

these Indonesian data indicated strong

Design of this study is a cross-sectional

support for the dominant three factor

validation study. For testing criterion related

structure originally proposed by Van Strien.

validity was assessed by Pearson Product

The test-retest reliability coefficients with

Moment

one month were acceptable ranges.

Correlation

Coefficients

and

Factor
the

analysis
validity

results
of

for

DEBQ-C

reliability was tested by Cronbach’s alpha
coefficient. Two elementary school in the

According to Bloxom and Knapp, the

East Denpasar 1 primary health center

acceptable test-retest reliability correlation

region. The questionnaire was administered

was within range 0.55-0.85. The obtained

to 80 participants (mean age 11.39 y;,s.d,

test-retest reliability values for DEBQ-C in

0.551, both sexes) from two elementary

this study fell within that range. This study

schools.

has some limitations. The validity study
requires a representative sample but in this
study

Result
The

presence

of

three

major

factors

Indonesian

representative

and

sample
did

not

is

not

represent

(emotional eating, restrained eating and

distribution in Indonesian for sex, ethnicity,

external eating) that translated into 20

religion, social class and religion.

questions with loadings similar to those of
the original questionnaire. Three subscales

Conclusions

of DEBQ-C had higher internal consistency

This study show the results the factorial

and test-retest reliability (validity range:

validity and the reliability of a Indonesian

0.656-0.306; reliability: 0.719).

version of the DEBQ-C.

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