RAFT FOUNDATION ANALYSIS USING MATLAB AND CRYSTAL BALL PROGRAM Raft Foundation Analysis Using Matlab And Crystal Ball Program.
RAFT FOUNDATION ANALYSIS USING MATLAB AND CRYSTAL
BALL PROGRAM
Final Project
to complete the requirements to
achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering
Prepared by :
Aulia Rahman Al-Alaby
NIM : D 100 102 001
To
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2014
i
PREFACE
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah azza wa jalla who has given blessing and
mercies until this Final Project can be completed. This Final Project to complete most
the requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering Department,
Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The author also says
thanks for all parties who give any support for arrangement this Final Project until it
can be completed.
The accomplishment this Final Project the author will say thanks to other
parties :
1) Sri Sunarjon,PhD as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2) Mohammad Solikin,PhD as Head of Civil Engineering Department of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
3) Suhendro Trinugroho as author’s academic advisor who has given many
suggestion for author’s academic.
4) Agus Susanto,S.T,M.T. as major advisor who has guided and taught the author.
5) Anto Budi Listyawan,S.T,M.Sc. as secondary advisor major advisor who has
guided and taught the author.
6) Ir. Renaningsih,M.T. as examiner who has given some advices to make this final
project better.
7) All lecturers in Civil Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and knowledge.
8) Dad, mom and my beloved family who always give me support. Thanks for your
praise and wish a long this time, may Allah give you a reward as well as you give
to me.
iii
iv
MOTTO
“And whenever you give your word, say the truth”
(al-An`aam 6:152)
“The only way to have the greatest work in your life
is love what you do first”
(Anonim)
“You are creator for your own future “
(Anonim)
“Idza shodaqol „azmu wadhohas sabil”
(Mahfudzot)
“Do your own thingking independently
Be the chess player, not the chess piece”
(Anonim)
“Make up one idea. Make that idea on your life
– think of it, dream of it, live on that idea.
Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part
of your body, be full of that idea,
and just leave every other idea alone.
This is the way to success.
(Swami Vivekananda)
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah azza wa jalla who has given blessing and
mercies until this Final Project can be completed. This Final Project to complete most
the requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering Department,
Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The author also says
thanks for all parties who give any support for arrangement this Final Project until it
can be completed.
The accomplishment this Final Project the author will say thanks to other
parties :
1) Sri Sunarjono,PhD as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2) Mochammad Solikin,PhD as Head of Civil Engineering Department of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
3) Suhendro Trinugroho as author’s academic advisor who has given many
suggestion for author’s academic.
4) Agus Susanto,S.T,M.T. as major advisor who has guided and taught the author.
5) Anto Budi Listyawan,S.T,M.Sc. as secondary advisor who has guided and taught
the author.
6) Ir. Renaningsih,M.T. as examiner who has given some advices to make this final
project better.
7) All lecturers in Civil Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and knowledge.
8) Dad, mom and my beloved family who always give me support. Thanks for your
praise and wish a long this time, may Allah give you a reward as well as you give
to me.
vii
viii
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
FINAL PROJECT TITLE…………………………………………………………...i
CERTIFICATION SHEET……...………………………………………………….ii
PREFACE…………………………………………………….……………………..iii
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP……………………………………………..v
MOTTO……………………………………………………………………………...vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………vii
TABLE OF CONTENT..…………………………………………………………...ix
LIST OF FIGURE………………….……………………………………………..xiii
LIST OF TABLE.…………………………………………………………………..xv
LIST OF NOTATION…...………………………………………………………..xvi
ABSTRACTION…..……………..………………………………………………xviii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Research…………………………………..1
B. Statement of The Research……………………………………..2
C. The Research Objectives……………………………………….2
D. Benefit of The Research………………………………………..3
E. Limitation of The Research…………………………………….3
F. The Originality of The Research……………………………….3
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
Raft Foundation…………………………………………………...5
1. The Types of Raft Foundation…………………………………6
2. Bearing Capacity of The Raft Foundation……………………..7
3. Consolidation of Raft Foundation……………………………...9
4. Structural Design of Raft Foundation………………………...11
ix
CHAPTER III THEORORITICAL REVIEWS
A. CPT (Cone Penetration Test)…………………………………15
1. Application……………………………………………15
2. Equipment and Supplies………………………………15
3. Implementation and Operation………………………..15
4. Calculation……………………………………………16
B. Statistic………………………………………………………..16
C. Measurement and Display Data………………………………17
D. Probability Distribution……………………………………….18
1. Normal Distribution…………………………………..18
2. Gamma Distribution…………………………………..19
3. Beta Distribution……………………………………...19
4. Log-Normal Distribution……………………………..20
E. Chi-Square Test………………………………………………20
F. Introduction Program MATLAB……………………………..21
G. Introduction Program Crystal Ball……………………………21
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHOD
A. General………………………………………………………..23
B. Research Data…………………………………………………23
C. Research Tool…………………………………………………23
1. MATLAB Program…………………………………...23
2. Crystal Ball Program………………………………….23
3. Drawing Program (AutoCAD 2007)………………….23
4. Microsoft Office (Office 2010)……………………….23
D. Research Step…………………………………………………23
x
CHAPTER V ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. CPT Data Hotel Anugerah Palace…………………………..28
B. Capacity Analysis of Raft Foundation………………………..38
1. Calculation of Data Sondir S1………………………...39
2. Calculation of Data Sondir S2………………………...39
3. Calculation of Data Sondir S3………………………...39
4. Calculation of Data Sondir S4………………………...40
5. Calculation of All Combined Data Sondir……………40
C. Statistical Analysis……………………………………………40
1. Data Preparation of MATLAB Program……………...40
2. Value of Chi-Square ( )……………………………..40
3. Chi-Square Test ( )………………………………….42
D. Parameters of Statistics……………………………………….47
1. Mean (Average Value)………………………………..47
2. Standard Deviation……………………………………48
3. The Coefficient of Variation (V)……………………..48
E. Raft Foundation Analysis With Probability Method Using
Crystal Ball Program………………………………………….49
1. Calculation at Point 1 (S1)……………………………50
2. Calculation at Point 2 (S2)……………………………52
3. Calculation at Point 3 (S3)……………………………55
4. Calculation at Point 4 (S4)……………………………57
5. Calculation Combined All Point……………………...60
F. Structural Design of Raft Foundation………………………...63
Determination of The Thickness of The Mat…………………78
Determination of Reinforcement……………………………...79
Calculation Length of Pressure Distribution………………….81
xi
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion…………………………………………………….86
B. Suggestion…………………………………………………….86
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure II.1.
Types of foundation (Listiyonobudi.blogspot.com)..…………………7
Figure II.2.
Raft foundation………………………………………………………..8
Figure IV.1.
Flow chart research step……………………………………..............25
Figure IV.2.
Flow chart MATLAB…………………………………………..........26
Figure IV.3.
Flow chart Crystal Ball program……………………….....................27
Figure V.1.
Statistical test graphic for point 1 (S1)………………………………41
Figure V.2.
Frequency graph beginning at point 1 (S1)………………………….50
Figure V.3.
Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 1 (S1)……………..50
Figure V.4.
The Result of statistical test at point 1 (S1)………………………….51
Figure V.5.
50% SF frequency graph at point 1 (S1)…………………………….51
Figure V.6.
End of the frequency graph at point 1 (S1)……………….................52
Figure V.7.
Statistical test graphic for point 2 (S2)………………………………52
Figure V.8.
Frequency graph beginning at point 2 (S2)…………………….........53
Figure V.9.
Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 2 (S2)……………...53
Figure V.10. The Result of statistical test at point 2 (S2)………………………….54
Figure V.11. 50% SF frequency graph at point 2 (S2)…………………………….54
Figure V.12. End of the frequency graph at point 2 (S2)…………….....................55
Figure V.13. Statistical test graphic for point 3 (S3)………………………………55
Figure V.14. Frequency graph beginning at point 3 (S3)………………………….56
Figure V.15. Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 3 (S3)……………...56
Figure V.16. The Result of statistical test at point 3 (S3)………………………….57
Figure V.17. 50% SF frequency graph at point 3 (S3)…………………………….57
Figure V.18. End of the frequency graph at point 3 (S3)………………………….58
Figure V.19. Statistical test graphic for point 4 (S4)………………………………58
Figure V.20. Frequency graph beginning at point 4 (S4)………………………….59
Figure V.21. Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 4 (S4)……………..59
viii
Figure V.22. The Result of statistical test at point 4 (S4)………………………….60
Figure V.23. 50% SF frequency graph at point 4 (S4)…………………………….60
Figure V.24. End of the frequency graph at point 4 (S4)………………………….61
Figure V.25. Statistical test graphic combined all point…………………………...61
Figure V.26. Frequency graph beginning combined all point…………..................62
Figure V.27. Sketch of raft foundation…………………………………………….63
Figure V.28. The load eccentricities in the x and y direction………………………64
Figure V.29. Distribution load for strip x and y……………………………………69
Figure V.30. Cross section of foundation………………………………………….82
Figure V.31. Sketch of bar placement……………………………………………...83
Figure V.32. Cross section A - A…..………………………………………............84
Figure V.33. Cross section B - B………...………………………………………...85
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Table II.1.
Safety factor for each type of failure (source: analisa dan desain
pondasi, Josep E. Bowles)…………………………………………….8
Table II.2.
Consolidation for foundation………………………………………….9
Table II.3.
Differential consolidation according to committee 436……………..11
Table V.1.
Sondir data at point 1 (S1)…………………………………………...28
Table V.2.
Sondir data at point 2 (S2)…………………………………………...31
Table V.3.
Sondir data at point 3 (S3)…………………………………………...34
Table V.4.
Sondir data at point 4 (S4)………………………...............................37
Table V.5.
Result of statistical test for the value of
Table V.6.
Test result for the statistical of best fit distribution
best fit distribution (qc)...41
(qc) combined
all point………………………………………………………………42
Table V.7.
Calculation result best fit
distribution (qc) at any point and
combined…………………………………………………………….47
Table V.8.
Result Mean value calculation for each point and combined all
points………………………………………………………………...48
Table V.9.
The result of the calculation of the standard deviation value for each
point and combined all points………………………………………..48
Table V.10.
The result of the calculation of the coefficient of variation each point
and combined all point………………………………………………49
xv
LIST OF NOTATION
qc
= Tip resistance (kg/m2)
fs
= Sleeve friction (cm2)
Df
= Depth (m)
B
= Width (m)
Elb
= Flexible stiffness of the upper part of the building and raft foundation.
Es
= Modulus of elasticity of soil.
H
= Height ( m )
Elf
= Flexible stiffness raft foundation
Q
= Total load of columns (kN/m2)
q
= The pressure on the soil (kN/m2)
A
= Width of area ( m2 )
Ix
= Moment of inertia about the x-axis.
Iy
= Moment of inertia about the y-axis.
My
= Moment of the column loads about the x-axis.
Mx
= Moment of the column loads about the x-axis.
L
= Length ( m )
F
= Load modification factor ( kN/m2 )
U
= Factored column load ( MN )
Φ
= Reduction factor
xvi
= Compressive strength of concrete at 28 days (MN/m2).
bo
= The location of the column with respect to the plan of the mat (m).
d
= Diameter of column (m).
As
= Area of steel per unit width ( cm )
Fy
= Yield stress of reinforcement in tension
Mu
= Factored moment
σ
= Standard deviation
= Chi-square
= frequency observations
= Expected frequency
xvii
ABSTRACTION
RAFT FOUNDATION ANALYSIS USING MATLAB AND CRYSTAL
BALL PROGRAM
Solo city is a city that is located in central of java, as the result solo city
becomes trade center in java island. Furthermore, the position of the town as a solo 3way intersection of the east of the area east of Java, north of the area and the coast
road west of the city of Yogyakarta. This opportunity is needed to make any
investment such as hotel. Hotel Anugerah Palace is built on area of 1100 m2, consists
of 9 floors and 1 Basement. The project is scheduled to finish in June 2013. Due to
the construction of this hotel, it is located in center of the city and make the access is
easy.
This final project analyzes raft foundation using probability and structural
design. There are 2 program analysis, MATLAB and Crystal Ball which total load is
11602456,667 kg and width of area 1026,930 m2. CPT-Test data is analyzed using
statistics method to obtain frequency of distribution and statistics parameter such as
Mean, Standard Deviation, coefficient of variation. The value of qc as variable to
calculate raft foundation and results the value of Chi-Square ( ) that make 4 type of
distribution, normal distribution, gamma, beta and log-normal.
The result of MATLAB program analysis can be seen that for qc at point 1
(S1), 2 (S2), 3 (S3) and 4 (S4) the distribution value that represent is Normal and at
all point that combined the distribution value that represent is Normal. The result of
analysis program of MATLAB 7.0 can be seen that the result for best fit distribution
at all point and combined all point <
(0.05 ; 3) (11,071). The result of Crystal Ball
program analysis by level of confidence 90% - 95% value of SF is 1,5 or more than it
and it is used for structural design for raft foundation. The result of structural design
of raft foundation which the thickness of mat is 1,26 m. The determination of
reinforcement for coordinate x and y axis, for area at sphere is used D25-140 and for
area at pillar is used D25-140 as main bar and D25-190 as prop bar.
Keyword: CPT-Test, Raft Foundation, MATLAB, Crystal Ball, Structural
Design
xviii
BALL PROGRAM
Final Project
to complete the requirements to
achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering
Prepared by :
Aulia Rahman Al-Alaby
NIM : D 100 102 001
To
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2014
i
PREFACE
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah azza wa jalla who has given blessing and
mercies until this Final Project can be completed. This Final Project to complete most
the requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering Department,
Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The author also says
thanks for all parties who give any support for arrangement this Final Project until it
can be completed.
The accomplishment this Final Project the author will say thanks to other
parties :
1) Sri Sunarjon,PhD as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2) Mohammad Solikin,PhD as Head of Civil Engineering Department of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
3) Suhendro Trinugroho as author’s academic advisor who has given many
suggestion for author’s academic.
4) Agus Susanto,S.T,M.T. as major advisor who has guided and taught the author.
5) Anto Budi Listyawan,S.T,M.Sc. as secondary advisor major advisor who has
guided and taught the author.
6) Ir. Renaningsih,M.T. as examiner who has given some advices to make this final
project better.
7) All lecturers in Civil Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and knowledge.
8) Dad, mom and my beloved family who always give me support. Thanks for your
praise and wish a long this time, may Allah give you a reward as well as you give
to me.
iii
iv
MOTTO
“And whenever you give your word, say the truth”
(al-An`aam 6:152)
“The only way to have the greatest work in your life
is love what you do first”
(Anonim)
“You are creator for your own future “
(Anonim)
“Idza shodaqol „azmu wadhohas sabil”
(Mahfudzot)
“Do your own thingking independently
Be the chess player, not the chess piece”
(Anonim)
“Make up one idea. Make that idea on your life
– think of it, dream of it, live on that idea.
Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part
of your body, be full of that idea,
and just leave every other idea alone.
This is the way to success.
(Swami Vivekananda)
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah azza wa jalla who has given blessing and
mercies until this Final Project can be completed. This Final Project to complete most
the requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil Engineering Department,
Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The author also says
thanks for all parties who give any support for arrangement this Final Project until it
can be completed.
The accomplishment this Final Project the author will say thanks to other
parties :
1) Sri Sunarjono,PhD as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2) Mochammad Solikin,PhD as Head of Civil Engineering Department of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
3) Suhendro Trinugroho as author’s academic advisor who has given many
suggestion for author’s academic.
4) Agus Susanto,S.T,M.T. as major advisor who has guided and taught the author.
5) Anto Budi Listyawan,S.T,M.Sc. as secondary advisor who has guided and taught
the author.
6) Ir. Renaningsih,M.T. as examiner who has given some advices to make this final
project better.
7) All lecturers in Civil Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and knowledge.
8) Dad, mom and my beloved family who always give me support. Thanks for your
praise and wish a long this time, may Allah give you a reward as well as you give
to me.
vii
viii
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
FINAL PROJECT TITLE…………………………………………………………...i
CERTIFICATION SHEET……...………………………………………………….ii
PREFACE…………………………………………………….……………………..iii
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP……………………………………………..v
MOTTO……………………………………………………………………………...vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………vii
TABLE OF CONTENT..…………………………………………………………...ix
LIST OF FIGURE………………….……………………………………………..xiii
LIST OF TABLE.…………………………………………………………………..xv
LIST OF NOTATION…...………………………………………………………..xvi
ABSTRACTION…..……………..………………………………………………xviii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Research…………………………………..1
B. Statement of The Research……………………………………..2
C. The Research Objectives……………………………………….2
D. Benefit of The Research………………………………………..3
E. Limitation of The Research…………………………………….3
F. The Originality of The Research……………………………….3
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
Raft Foundation…………………………………………………...5
1. The Types of Raft Foundation…………………………………6
2. Bearing Capacity of The Raft Foundation……………………..7
3. Consolidation of Raft Foundation……………………………...9
4. Structural Design of Raft Foundation………………………...11
ix
CHAPTER III THEORORITICAL REVIEWS
A. CPT (Cone Penetration Test)…………………………………15
1. Application……………………………………………15
2. Equipment and Supplies………………………………15
3. Implementation and Operation………………………..15
4. Calculation……………………………………………16
B. Statistic………………………………………………………..16
C. Measurement and Display Data………………………………17
D. Probability Distribution……………………………………….18
1. Normal Distribution…………………………………..18
2. Gamma Distribution…………………………………..19
3. Beta Distribution……………………………………...19
4. Log-Normal Distribution……………………………..20
E. Chi-Square Test………………………………………………20
F. Introduction Program MATLAB……………………………..21
G. Introduction Program Crystal Ball……………………………21
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHOD
A. General………………………………………………………..23
B. Research Data…………………………………………………23
C. Research Tool…………………………………………………23
1. MATLAB Program…………………………………...23
2. Crystal Ball Program………………………………….23
3. Drawing Program (AutoCAD 2007)………………….23
4. Microsoft Office (Office 2010)……………………….23
D. Research Step…………………………………………………23
x
CHAPTER V ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. CPT Data Hotel Anugerah Palace…………………………..28
B. Capacity Analysis of Raft Foundation………………………..38
1. Calculation of Data Sondir S1………………………...39
2. Calculation of Data Sondir S2………………………...39
3. Calculation of Data Sondir S3………………………...39
4. Calculation of Data Sondir S4………………………...40
5. Calculation of All Combined Data Sondir……………40
C. Statistical Analysis……………………………………………40
1. Data Preparation of MATLAB Program……………...40
2. Value of Chi-Square ( )……………………………..40
3. Chi-Square Test ( )………………………………….42
D. Parameters of Statistics……………………………………….47
1. Mean (Average Value)………………………………..47
2. Standard Deviation……………………………………48
3. The Coefficient of Variation (V)……………………..48
E. Raft Foundation Analysis With Probability Method Using
Crystal Ball Program………………………………………….49
1. Calculation at Point 1 (S1)……………………………50
2. Calculation at Point 2 (S2)……………………………52
3. Calculation at Point 3 (S3)……………………………55
4. Calculation at Point 4 (S4)……………………………57
5. Calculation Combined All Point……………………...60
F. Structural Design of Raft Foundation………………………...63
Determination of The Thickness of The Mat…………………78
Determination of Reinforcement……………………………...79
Calculation Length of Pressure Distribution………………….81
xi
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion…………………………………………………….86
B. Suggestion…………………………………………………….86
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure II.1.
Types of foundation (Listiyonobudi.blogspot.com)..…………………7
Figure II.2.
Raft foundation………………………………………………………..8
Figure IV.1.
Flow chart research step……………………………………..............25
Figure IV.2.
Flow chart MATLAB…………………………………………..........26
Figure IV.3.
Flow chart Crystal Ball program……………………….....................27
Figure V.1.
Statistical test graphic for point 1 (S1)………………………………41
Figure V.2.
Frequency graph beginning at point 1 (S1)………………………….50
Figure V.3.
Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 1 (S1)……………..50
Figure V.4.
The Result of statistical test at point 1 (S1)………………………….51
Figure V.5.
50% SF frequency graph at point 1 (S1)…………………………….51
Figure V.6.
End of the frequency graph at point 1 (S1)……………….................52
Figure V.7.
Statistical test graphic for point 2 (S2)………………………………52
Figure V.8.
Frequency graph beginning at point 2 (S2)…………………….........53
Figure V.9.
Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 2 (S2)……………...53
Figure V.10. The Result of statistical test at point 2 (S2)………………………….54
Figure V.11. 50% SF frequency graph at point 2 (S2)…………………………….54
Figure V.12. End of the frequency graph at point 2 (S2)…………….....................55
Figure V.13. Statistical test graphic for point 3 (S3)………………………………55
Figure V.14. Frequency graph beginning at point 3 (S3)………………………….56
Figure V.15. Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 3 (S3)……………...56
Figure V.16. The Result of statistical test at point 3 (S3)………………………….57
Figure V.17. 50% SF frequency graph at point 3 (S3)…………………………….57
Figure V.18. End of the frequency graph at point 3 (S3)………………………….58
Figure V.19. Statistical test graphic for point 4 (S4)………………………………58
Figure V.20. Frequency graph beginning at point 4 (S4)………………………….59
Figure V.21. Cumulative frequency graph beginning at point 4 (S4)……………..59
viii
Figure V.22. The Result of statistical test at point 4 (S4)………………………….60
Figure V.23. 50% SF frequency graph at point 4 (S4)…………………………….60
Figure V.24. End of the frequency graph at point 4 (S4)………………………….61
Figure V.25. Statistical test graphic combined all point…………………………...61
Figure V.26. Frequency graph beginning combined all point…………..................62
Figure V.27. Sketch of raft foundation…………………………………………….63
Figure V.28. The load eccentricities in the x and y direction………………………64
Figure V.29. Distribution load for strip x and y……………………………………69
Figure V.30. Cross section of foundation………………………………………….82
Figure V.31. Sketch of bar placement……………………………………………...83
Figure V.32. Cross section A - A…..………………………………………............84
Figure V.33. Cross section B - B………...………………………………………...85
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Table II.1.
Safety factor for each type of failure (source: analisa dan desain
pondasi, Josep E. Bowles)…………………………………………….8
Table II.2.
Consolidation for foundation………………………………………….9
Table II.3.
Differential consolidation according to committee 436……………..11
Table V.1.
Sondir data at point 1 (S1)…………………………………………...28
Table V.2.
Sondir data at point 2 (S2)…………………………………………...31
Table V.3.
Sondir data at point 3 (S3)…………………………………………...34
Table V.4.
Sondir data at point 4 (S4)………………………...............................37
Table V.5.
Result of statistical test for the value of
Table V.6.
Test result for the statistical of best fit distribution
best fit distribution (qc)...41
(qc) combined
all point………………………………………………………………42
Table V.7.
Calculation result best fit
distribution (qc) at any point and
combined…………………………………………………………….47
Table V.8.
Result Mean value calculation for each point and combined all
points………………………………………………………………...48
Table V.9.
The result of the calculation of the standard deviation value for each
point and combined all points………………………………………..48
Table V.10.
The result of the calculation of the coefficient of variation each point
and combined all point………………………………………………49
xv
LIST OF NOTATION
qc
= Tip resistance (kg/m2)
fs
= Sleeve friction (cm2)
Df
= Depth (m)
B
= Width (m)
Elb
= Flexible stiffness of the upper part of the building and raft foundation.
Es
= Modulus of elasticity of soil.
H
= Height ( m )
Elf
= Flexible stiffness raft foundation
Q
= Total load of columns (kN/m2)
q
= The pressure on the soil (kN/m2)
A
= Width of area ( m2 )
Ix
= Moment of inertia about the x-axis.
Iy
= Moment of inertia about the y-axis.
My
= Moment of the column loads about the x-axis.
Mx
= Moment of the column loads about the x-axis.
L
= Length ( m )
F
= Load modification factor ( kN/m2 )
U
= Factored column load ( MN )
Φ
= Reduction factor
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= Compressive strength of concrete at 28 days (MN/m2).
bo
= The location of the column with respect to the plan of the mat (m).
d
= Diameter of column (m).
As
= Area of steel per unit width ( cm )
Fy
= Yield stress of reinforcement in tension
Mu
= Factored moment
σ
= Standard deviation
= Chi-square
= frequency observations
= Expected frequency
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ABSTRACTION
RAFT FOUNDATION ANALYSIS USING MATLAB AND CRYSTAL
BALL PROGRAM
Solo city is a city that is located in central of java, as the result solo city
becomes trade center in java island. Furthermore, the position of the town as a solo 3way intersection of the east of the area east of Java, north of the area and the coast
road west of the city of Yogyakarta. This opportunity is needed to make any
investment such as hotel. Hotel Anugerah Palace is built on area of 1100 m2, consists
of 9 floors and 1 Basement. The project is scheduled to finish in June 2013. Due to
the construction of this hotel, it is located in center of the city and make the access is
easy.
This final project analyzes raft foundation using probability and structural
design. There are 2 program analysis, MATLAB and Crystal Ball which total load is
11602456,667 kg and width of area 1026,930 m2. CPT-Test data is analyzed using
statistics method to obtain frequency of distribution and statistics parameter such as
Mean, Standard Deviation, coefficient of variation. The value of qc as variable to
calculate raft foundation and results the value of Chi-Square ( ) that make 4 type of
distribution, normal distribution, gamma, beta and log-normal.
The result of MATLAB program analysis can be seen that for qc at point 1
(S1), 2 (S2), 3 (S3) and 4 (S4) the distribution value that represent is Normal and at
all point that combined the distribution value that represent is Normal. The result of
analysis program of MATLAB 7.0 can be seen that the result for best fit distribution
at all point and combined all point <
(0.05 ; 3) (11,071). The result of Crystal Ball
program analysis by level of confidence 90% - 95% value of SF is 1,5 or more than it
and it is used for structural design for raft foundation. The result of structural design
of raft foundation which the thickness of mat is 1,26 m. The determination of
reinforcement for coordinate x and y axis, for area at sphere is used D25-140 and for
area at pillar is used D25-140 as main bar and D25-190 as prop bar.
Keyword: CPT-Test, Raft Foundation, MATLAB, Crystal Ball, Structural
Design
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