Uji Performansi Turbin Pelton Dengan 26 Sudu Pada Head 5,21 Meter Dengan Menggunakan Satu Nosel Dan Analisa Perbandingan Menggunakan Variasi Bentuk Sudu
LAMPIRAN I
KETIDAKPASTIAN DAN HASIL PERCOBAAN
Kita ambil sampel pada kondisi sebagai berikut: Besar beban : 2 N Putaran : 383,1 rpm Debit (Q) : 0,0035 l/s Maka dapat dihitung ketidakpastian Daya Air (Pair) dan Daya Turbin ( ) sebagai berikut: Dik : F = 2 N
T = F x l ketidakpastian Flowmeter = 1% ketidakpastian Dinamometer = 2%
T
o
= 0,5 x 2% = 0,01 Nm ketidakpastian Thacometer = 0,05%
= 383,1 x 0,05% = 0,19155 rpm Dit
: a. Ketidakpastian Daya Air (
P
)
b. ketidakpastian Daya Turbin ( ) Jawab : a.
Pair = Q x ρ x g x ℎ
) = 1,89 Watt
60
6,28
=
60
2
=
60 ω
= T.ω ω = 2π
Atau dengan kata lain, ketidakpastian Pair dapat dituliskan sebagai: Pair = 188,7 ± 1,89 atau Pair = 188,7 ± 1% b.
−5
P
= [( )
−5 P
= ( 53905,95 x 3,5 x 10
= 3,5 x 10
o
Q
= Q x 1% = 0,0035 x 0,01
o
= 53905,95 Q
1/2 P
= ρ x g x ℎ
]
2
= 0,105
= 21,46 ± 0,401 atau = 21,46 ± 1,9 %
2
dapat dituliskan sebagai:
Atau dengan kata lain, ketidakpastian
W = 0,401
1/2
]
2
2
= [( 40,1 0,01)
1/2
]
2
ω = (
W = [( )
= ω = 40,1 = T = 0,5
= 40,1 x 0,04% = 0,01604
= 40,1 ± 0,02 = 40,1 ± 0,04%
60
383,1
= 6,28
60
Wω = 2π
) = ( 0,105 x 0,19155 ) = 0,02
ω
- ( )
- (0,5 0,01604)
Beban Bukaan Katup 60
46.02
1.75 37.92 66.36 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
37.94
8 3.03 353.2
2 36.97 73.94 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
42.27
9 3.03 341.8
2.25 35.78 80.49 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
10 3.03 329
33.14
2.5 34.44 86.09 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
49.21
11 3.03 314
2.75 32.87 90.38 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
51.67
12 3.03 309.8
3 32.43 97.28 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
7 3.03 362.3
1.5 38.64 57.96 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
Debit (L/s) Put. Turbin (rpm) Torsi (Nm) ω (rad/s) P turbin (Watt) Pair (Watt) Ƞturbin (%) 3.03 378 39.56 0.00 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
3 3.03 368.3
0.00
1 3.03 375.2
0.25 39.27 9.82 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
5.61
2 3.03 372.1
0.5 38.95 19.47 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
11.13
0.75 38.55 28.91 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
6 3.03 369.2
16.53
4 3.03 363.2
1 38.01 38.01 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
21.73
5 3.03 377.3
1.25 39.49 49.36 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
28.22
55.61
13 3.03 300.9
3.25 31.49 102.36 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
58.51
14 3.03 279.1
3.5 29.21 102.24 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
58.45
15 3.03 259.7
3.75 27.18 101.93 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
58.27
16 3.03 229
4 23.97 95.87 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
54.81
17 3.03 195.5
4.25 20.46 86.96 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
49.71
18 3.03 177.4
4.5 18.57 83.56 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
47.77
19 3.03 162.9
4.75 17.05 80.99 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
46.30
20 3.03 151.2
5 15.83 79.13 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
45.23
21 3.03 136.9
5.25 14.33 75.23 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
43.00
22 3.03 115.4
5.5 12.08 66.43 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
37.98
23 3.03 101.7
5.75 10.64 61.21 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
34.99
24
3.03
92.1
6 9.64 57.84 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
33.06
25
3.03
84.7
6.25 8.87 55.41 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
31.67
26
3.03
71
6.5 7.43 48.30 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
27.61
27
3.03
59.3
6.75 6.21 41.90 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
23.95
28
3.03 7 0 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
29
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50 Bukaan Katup 75 Beban
Debit (L/s) Put. Turbin (rpm) Torsi (Nm) ω (rad/s) P turbin (Watt) Pair (Watt) Ƞturbin (%) 3.38 409 42.81 0.00 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
0.00
1 3.38 406.3
0.25 42.53 10.63 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
5.75
2 3.38 402.9
0.5 42.17 21.09 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
11.40
3 3.38 398.4
0.75 41.70 31.27 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
16.92
4 3.38 393
1 41.13 41.13 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
22.25
5 3.38 387.9
1.25 40.60 50.75 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
27.45
6 3.38 377.1
5.75 11.30 65.00 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
25
33.56
6 10.34 62.05 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
98.8
3.38
24
35.16
23 3.38 108
90.6
38.23
5.5 12.85 70.69 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
22 3.38 122.8
42.62
5.25 15.01 78.80 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
21 3.38 143.4
44.98
3.38
6.25 9.48 59.27 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
20 3.38 158.9
24.84
3.38 7.25 0 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
29
10.58
7 2.79 19.56 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
26.7
3.38
28
6.75 6.80 45.92 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
32.06
65
3.38
27
28.55
6.5 8.12 52.79 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
77.6
3.38
26
5 16.63 83.16 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
45.66
1.5 39.47 59.20 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
45.10
12 3.38 315.1
51.48
2.75 34.61 95.19 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
11 3.38 330.7
48.91
2.5 36.17 90.43 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
10 3.38 345.6
2.25 37.06 83.39 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
53.51
9 3.38 354.1
41.01
2 37.91 75.82 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
8 3.38 362.2
36.68
1.75 38.75 67.81 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
7 3.38 370.2
32.02
3 32.98 98.94 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
13 3.38 307.3
4.75 17.77 84.42 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
53.60
19 3.38 169.8
47.05
4.5 19.33 86.99 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
18 3.38 184.7
48.79
4.25 21.23 90.21 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
17 3.38 202.8
4 24.77 99.10 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
3.25 32.16 104.53 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
16 3.38 236.7
56.53
3.75 27.87 104.52 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
15 3.38 266.3
56.79
3.5 30.00 104.99 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
14 3.38 286.6
56.54
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44 Beban Bukaan Katup 90
Debit (L/s) Put. Turbin (rpm) Torsi (Nm) ω (rad/s) P turbin (Watt) Pair (Watt) Ƞturbin (%) 3.5 416 43.54 0.00 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
4.25 24.57 104.40 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
53.49
13 3.5 311.9
3.25 32.65 106.10 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
56.23
14 3.5 298
3.5 31.19 109.17 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
57.86
15 3.5 279.8
3.75 29.29 109.82 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
58.21
16 3.5 265.6
4 27.80 111.20 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
58.94
17 3.5 234.7
55.34
12 3.5 321.4
18 3.5 216.5
4.5 22.66 101.97 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
54.05
19 3.5 196.4
4.75 20.56 97.64 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
51.75
20 3.5 174.3
5 18.24 91.22 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
48.35
21 3.5 157.4
5.25 16.47 86.49 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
45.84
22 3.5 134.9
5.5 14.12 77.66 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
3 33.64 100.92 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
50.74
0.00
27.42
1 3.5 413.2
0.25 43.25 10.81 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
5.73
2 3.5 410
0.5 42.91 21.46 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
11.37
3 3.5 406.2
0.75 42.52 31.89 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
16.90
4 3.5 401.5
1 42.02 42.02 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
22.27
5 3.5 395.4
1.25 41.39 51.73 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
6 3.5 387.3
2.75 34.81 95.73 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
9 3.5 359.4
11 3.5 332.6
48.13
2.5 36.32 90.80 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
10 3.5 347
44.86
2.25 37.62 84.64 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
41.25
1.5 40.54 60.81 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
2 38.92 77.83 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
8 3.5 371.8
36.94
1.75 39.83 69.69 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
7 3.5 380.5
32.23
41.16
23 3.5 116.6
5.75 12.20 70.17 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
37.19
24 3.5 107.8
6 11.28 67.70 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
35.88
25
3.5
93.5
6.25 9.79 61.16 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
32.42
26
3.5
80
6.5 8.37 54.43 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
28.85
27
3.5
68.3
6.75 7.15 48.25 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
25.58
28
3.5
50.1
7 5.24 36.71 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
19.46
29
3.5
26
7.25 2.72 19.73 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
10.46
30
3.5 7.5 0.00 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
0.00
31
32
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
SUDU : 26 buah NOSEL : 1 buah Panjang Lengan : 0,25m BENTUK : Setengah Silinder HEAD : 5,21 m
3 23.58 70.74 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
9 3.03 261.1
2.25 27.33 61.49 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
35.15
10 3.03 250.2
2.5 26.19 65.47 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
37.43
11 3.03 239.2
2.75 25.04 68.85 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
39.36
12 3.03 225.3
40.44
2 29.22 58.45 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
13 3.03 217.1
3.25 22.72 73.85 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
42.22
14 3.03 190.9
3.5 19.98 69.93 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
39.98
15 3.03 171.2
3.75 17.92 67.20 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
38.41
16 3.03 152.7
4 15.98 63.93 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
33.41
8 3.03 279.2
Beban (N) Bukaan Katup 60
0.75 34.56 25.92 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
Debit (L/s) Put, Turbin (rpm) Torsi (Nm) ω (rad/s) P turbin (Watt) Pair (Watt) Ƞturbin
3.03 360 37.68 0.00 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
0.00
1 3.03 350.1
0.25 36.64 9.16 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
5.24
2 3.03 341.9
0.5 35.79 17.89 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
10.23
3 3.03 330.2
14.82
30.56
4 3.03 323.7
1 33.88 33.88 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
19.37
5 3.03 310.1
1.25 32.46 40.57 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
23.19
6 3.03 300.6
1.5 31.46 47.19 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
26.98
7 3.03 291.9
1.75 30.55 53.47 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
36.55
17 3.03 133.6
4.25 13.98 59.43 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
33.97
18 3.03 100.1
4.5 10.48 47.15 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
26.95
19
3.03
72.9
4.75 7.63 36.24 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
20.72
20
3.03
39.2
5 4.10 20.51 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
11.73
21
3.03
5.25 0.00 0.00 ± 1,9% 174.93 ± 1%
0.00
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
6 3.38 331.9
4 3.38 351.4
1 36.78 36.78 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
19.89
5 3.38 344.1
1.25 36.02 45.02 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
24.35
1.5 34.74 52.11± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
0.75 38.01 28.51 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
28.18
7 3.38 320.2
1.75 33.51 58.65 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
31.72
8 3.38 309.7
2 32.42 64.83 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
15.42
3 3.38 363.2
43
50 Beban (N) Bukaan Katup 75
44
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49
Debit (L/s) Put, Turbin (rpm) Torsi (Nm) ω (rad/s) P turbin (Watt) Pair (Watt) Ƞturbin
10.54
3.38 390 40.82 0.00 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
0.00
1 3.38 385.9
0.25 40.39 10.10 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
5.46
2 3.38 372.4
0.5 38.98 19.49 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
35.06
9 3.38 299.6
2.25 31.36 70.56 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
38.16
10 3.38 283.1
2.5 29.63 74.08 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
40.07
11 3.38 271.9
2.75 28.46 78.26 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
42.33
12 3.38 263.1
3 27.54 82.61 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
44.68
13 3.38 259.4
3.25 27.15 88.24 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
47.73
14 3.38 248.9
3.5 26.05 91.18 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
49.32
15 3.38 209.3
3.75 21.91 82.15 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
44.43
16 3.38 170.2
4 17.81 71.26 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
38.54
17 3.38 143.4
4.25 15.01 63.79 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
34.50
18 3.38 113.7
4.5 11.90 53.55 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
28.96
19
3.38
94.2
4.75 9.86 46.83 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
25.33
20
3.38
62.5
5 6.54 32.71 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
17.69
21
3.38
39.1
5.25 4.09 21.49 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
11.62
22
3.38
5.5 0.00 0.00 ± 1,9% 184.89 ± 1%
0.00
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
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43 Bukaan Katup 90 Beban (N)
ω (rad/s) P turbin (Watt) Pair (Watt) Ƞturbin Debit (L/s) Put, Turbin (rpm) Torsi (Nm)
3.5 410 42.91 0.00 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
0.00
1 3.5 405
0.25 42.39 10.60 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
5.62
2 3.5 395.2
0.5 41.36 20.68 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
10.96
3 3.5 383.1
0.75 40.10 30.07 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
15.94
4 3.5 371.3
1 38.86 38.86 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
20.60
5 3.5 362.3
1.25 37.92 47.40 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
25.12
6 3.5 354.2
23.68
18 3.5 179.4
4.5 18.78 84.50 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
44.79
19 3.5 148.7
4.75 15.56 73.93 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
39.18
20 3.5 102.9
5 10.77 53.85 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
28.54
21
3.5
81.3
5.25 8.51 44.67 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
22
4.25 21.02 89.32 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
3.5
42.7
5.5 4.47 24.58 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
13.03
23
3.5
5.75 0.00 0.00 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
0.00
24
25
26
27
28
29
47.34
17 3.5 200.8
1.5 37.07 55.61 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
2.75 30.48 83.82 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
29.47
7 3.5 340.7
1.75 35.66 62.40 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
33.08
8 3.5 331.9
2 34.74 69.48 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
36.82
9 3.5 320
2.25 33.49 75.36 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
39.94
10 3.5 300.9
2.5 31.49 78.74 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
41.73
11 3.5 291.2
44.43
49.02
12 3.5 282.3
3 29.55 88.64 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
46.98
13 3.5 271.4
3.25 28.41 92.32 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
48.93
14 3.5 262.6
3.5 27.49 96.20 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
50.99
15 3.5 240.7
3.75 25.19 94.47 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
50.07
16 3.5 220.9
4 23.12 92.48 ± 1,9% 188.67 ± 1%
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LAMPIRAN 2