TTS cases alien and invasive species
Alien and invasive species
assessment and interpretation in SAN standards
NCF • India
May 2012, Bali
Native and exotic species
SAN Standard definitions
– Exotic Species: Those species not native to the place
where they are found. Species introduced from other
regions or areas.
– Native Species: Those species that occur naturally in the
place where they are found. For the purpose of this
standard, naturalized species – exotic species that have
adapted and grow and multiply as if they are native –
are also considered as native if it is proven that they do
not cause negative economic or environmental impacts.
Native and exotic species
Interpretation criteria
– Principle 2 (ecosystem conservation)
•
•
•
•
2.2 Mitigation plan
2.8 Shade trees
2.5 to 2.7 Buffer zones
2.9 Landscape connectivity with vegetation
– Principle 3 (wildlife protection)
• 3.6 Exotic wildlife not to be introduced into farm
– Principle 8 (integrated crop management)
• 8.1 Biological control organisms
– Principle 9 (soil conservation)
• 9.1 and 9.3 Vegetated ground cover
Natives, aliens, and naturalised
Alien species / Exotics / Non-indigenous
Invasive alien species (IAS)
Non-invasive aliens
Naturalised species
Discussion points
How to find out alien or native?
Invasive or non-invasive?
Invasive aliens in aquatic ecosytems
Water hyacinth
Eichorrnia crassipes
Amazonia
Giant salvinia
Salvinia molesta
Brazil
Invasive alien trees
African tulip
Spathodea campanulata
Africa
Maesopsis
Maesopsis eminii
Africa
Invasive alien trees
Wattles
Acacia mearnsii / A. melanoxylon /
A. dealbata / A. mangium
Australia
Invasive alien shrubs
Lantana
Lantana camara
Central/South America
Siam weed
Chromolaena odorata
Florida to Argentina
Invasive aliens in grasslands
Scotch broom
Cystisus scoparius
Americas
Giant mimosa
Mimosa sp. / M. pigra.
C and S America
Gorse
Ulex europaeus
Europe
Invasive aliens: the creeps
Mile-a-minute
Mikania micrantha
Americas
Morning glory
Ipomoea sp.
Americas?
Wedelia
Sphagneticola trilobata
Americas?
Alien species in restoration
• Restoration is the process of assisting the recovery
of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged,
or destroyed. (SER 2004)
– Not ‘re-creation’
– Time scale (years)
Recovery and benchmarks
Recovery
Of form (habitat structure etc.)
Of function (growth and dynamics)
Towards a desired target / benchmark
Benchmark sites
Sites as they were prior to disturbance
Undisturbed, otherwise similar, sites
Some features of restoration
The use of locally native species
Plants/animals (species recovery)
‘How local is local?’
As high a diversity of species as possible/ needed
Related to benchmark sites of the project
Removal of alien/ exotic / non-indigenous species
Minimize disturbance to prevent re-colonisation
Weed removal
•Cut, uproot, & remove only weeds
– Lantana, Chromolaena, Mikania
•Native seedlings and saplings should not be cut
Restoration by tree removal
invasive alien species
2.8 Shade criterion
2.8: Evaluation of alternative shade tree species for tea
TRF
Toona ciliata
Melia dubia
Grevillea robusta
Invasive aliens in production
Robusta coffee and some shade tree species
Coffee can invade into
adjoining forests (esp.
Robusta)
Joshi et al. 2010
Alien shade trees like
Maesopsis eminii and
Leucaena leucocephala
06/05/10
Mimosa invisa (M. diplotricha) invading Kaziranga National Park, Assam
34
Invasive alien animals
African giant snail
Achatina fulica
Marine / Giant
Neotropical toad
Bufo marinus
Rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
And many others...
Marine toad, tilapia, crows and mynas on some islands...
Resources
• Global Invasive Species Database
www.issg.org/database/
• Wikipedia list of invasive species in Asia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Asia
• Invasive alien species in SE Asia
http://www.arcbc.org.ph/arcbcweb/pdf/vol2no4/09-11_sr_invasive_alien_species.pdf
• Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN)
http://www.apfisn.net
http://apfisn.net/country-reports
• Let's explore...
Thank you
assessment and interpretation in SAN standards
NCF • India
May 2012, Bali
Native and exotic species
SAN Standard definitions
– Exotic Species: Those species not native to the place
where they are found. Species introduced from other
regions or areas.
– Native Species: Those species that occur naturally in the
place where they are found. For the purpose of this
standard, naturalized species – exotic species that have
adapted and grow and multiply as if they are native –
are also considered as native if it is proven that they do
not cause negative economic or environmental impacts.
Native and exotic species
Interpretation criteria
– Principle 2 (ecosystem conservation)
•
•
•
•
2.2 Mitigation plan
2.8 Shade trees
2.5 to 2.7 Buffer zones
2.9 Landscape connectivity with vegetation
– Principle 3 (wildlife protection)
• 3.6 Exotic wildlife not to be introduced into farm
– Principle 8 (integrated crop management)
• 8.1 Biological control organisms
– Principle 9 (soil conservation)
• 9.1 and 9.3 Vegetated ground cover
Natives, aliens, and naturalised
Alien species / Exotics / Non-indigenous
Invasive alien species (IAS)
Non-invasive aliens
Naturalised species
Discussion points
How to find out alien or native?
Invasive or non-invasive?
Invasive aliens in aquatic ecosytems
Water hyacinth
Eichorrnia crassipes
Amazonia
Giant salvinia
Salvinia molesta
Brazil
Invasive alien trees
African tulip
Spathodea campanulata
Africa
Maesopsis
Maesopsis eminii
Africa
Invasive alien trees
Wattles
Acacia mearnsii / A. melanoxylon /
A. dealbata / A. mangium
Australia
Invasive alien shrubs
Lantana
Lantana camara
Central/South America
Siam weed
Chromolaena odorata
Florida to Argentina
Invasive aliens in grasslands
Scotch broom
Cystisus scoparius
Americas
Giant mimosa
Mimosa sp. / M. pigra.
C and S America
Gorse
Ulex europaeus
Europe
Invasive aliens: the creeps
Mile-a-minute
Mikania micrantha
Americas
Morning glory
Ipomoea sp.
Americas?
Wedelia
Sphagneticola trilobata
Americas?
Alien species in restoration
• Restoration is the process of assisting the recovery
of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged,
or destroyed. (SER 2004)
– Not ‘re-creation’
– Time scale (years)
Recovery and benchmarks
Recovery
Of form (habitat structure etc.)
Of function (growth and dynamics)
Towards a desired target / benchmark
Benchmark sites
Sites as they were prior to disturbance
Undisturbed, otherwise similar, sites
Some features of restoration
The use of locally native species
Plants/animals (species recovery)
‘How local is local?’
As high a diversity of species as possible/ needed
Related to benchmark sites of the project
Removal of alien/ exotic / non-indigenous species
Minimize disturbance to prevent re-colonisation
Weed removal
•Cut, uproot, & remove only weeds
– Lantana, Chromolaena, Mikania
•Native seedlings and saplings should not be cut
Restoration by tree removal
invasive alien species
2.8 Shade criterion
2.8: Evaluation of alternative shade tree species for tea
TRF
Toona ciliata
Melia dubia
Grevillea robusta
Invasive aliens in production
Robusta coffee and some shade tree species
Coffee can invade into
adjoining forests (esp.
Robusta)
Joshi et al. 2010
Alien shade trees like
Maesopsis eminii and
Leucaena leucocephala
06/05/10
Mimosa invisa (M. diplotricha) invading Kaziranga National Park, Assam
34
Invasive alien animals
African giant snail
Achatina fulica
Marine / Giant
Neotropical toad
Bufo marinus
Rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
And many others...
Marine toad, tilapia, crows and mynas on some islands...
Resources
• Global Invasive Species Database
www.issg.org/database/
• Wikipedia list of invasive species in Asia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Asia
• Invasive alien species in SE Asia
http://www.arcbc.org.ph/arcbcweb/pdf/vol2no4/09-11_sr_invasive_alien_species.pdf
• Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN)
http://www.apfisn.net
http://apfisn.net/country-reports
• Let's explore...
Thank you