The Rastaman’s Concepts Of Equality And Freedom As Reflected In Bob Marley’s Selected Songs
THE RASTAMAN’S CONCEPTS OF EQUALITY AND FREEDOM AS
REFLECTED IN BOB MARLEY’S SELECTED SONGS
A THESIS
BY
NANDA FAHRIZA BATUBARA
Reg. No: 100705082
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
THE RASTAMAN’S CONCEPTS OF EQUALITY AND FREEDOM AS
REFLECTED IN BOB MARLEY’S SELECTED SONGS
A THESIS
BY
NANDA FAHRIZA BATUBARA
Reg. No. 100705082
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S
Mahmud A. Albar, S.S, M.A
NIP. 19521229 197903 2 001
NIP.19820904 200501 1 002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of SarjanaSastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
Approved by the Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination.
Head,
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S
NIP. 195411171980031002
Secretary,
RahmadsyahRkt, M.A, Ph.D
NIP. 197502092008121002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of SarjanaSastra from Department of EnglishFaculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Juni 13, 2015
Dean of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. SyahronLubis, M.A
NIP. 1951101311976031001
Board of Examiners:
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.A
(
)
RahmadsyahRkt, M.A, Ph.D
(
)
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S
(
)
Dr. Siti Norma, M.S
(
)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the Name of Allah SWT the Gracious and the Merciful, I would like to
thank for give me the guidance, spirit, and ability during my study as well as the completion
of this thesis. Also shalawat and salam to Muhammad SAW, the holly prophet who had
brought the human being into the truth and the age of enlightenment. I would like to express
my sincere gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Dr. Syahron Lubis,
M.A, the Head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and the Secretary of
English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuty, M.A, Ph.D. And also my best gratitude and
thank to my supervisor, Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S, and my co supervisor, Mahmud A. Albar,
S.S, M.A, for the advices, the support and the patience. And I also would like to say thanks to
the lecturers for the valuable guidance, precious, thoughts and knowledge during my
academic years. In this special opportunity, I would like to express my special thanks to my
lovely family, my beloved mother, father and my brother for loves, patience and praying.
And my loves and thanks are due to all my friends who always support me during the time
composing this thesis. Finally, I would like to say thanks to abangda Eko Manurung for the
worth lesson and for the references books of this thesis.
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, NANDA FAHRIZA BATUBARA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF
THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR
EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE
QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK
HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF
THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
:
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: NANDA FAHRIZA BATUBARA
TITLE OF THESIS
: THE RASTAMAN’S CONCEPTS OF EQUALITY
AND FREEDOM AS REFLECTED IN BOB MARLEY’S
SELECTED SONGS
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION
AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH,
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE
UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION
UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
:
ABSTRACT
Bob Marley is not only known as the legend of reggae music by public but also the fanatic
follower of Rastafari or called as Rastaman. The followers had claimed Marley as the prophet
because of his influences of Rastafari’s movement progress. He also had conveyed many
messages of Rastafari about equal rights and freedom for the people all over the world
through the music. And this thesis contains the Rastaman’s concept of equality and freedom
as reflected in Marley’s selected songs. In his songs entitled War, So Much Things to Say and
Exodus have meaning about the Rastaman’s concept of equality. And other songs entitled
Zimbabwe, Africa Unite and RedemptionSong have the meaning about the Rastaman’s
concept of freedom. This thesis uses the descriptive qualitative method. The method is
applied by describing the data and analyzing them. The data was taken from some written
sources, such as books and articles from internet to support this analysis. The analysis uses
intrinsic and extrinsic approach and also historical approach. The thesis uses the sociological
approach to know the description of the social phenomena that happened at the time. The
thesis is expected to provide knowledge about Rastafari’s concept of equality and freedom
for the readers. And this thesis also can be used as reference especially for the student who
interested to study and researches about the subject matter of the thesis.
Keywords: Rastaman, Equality, Freedom
ABSTRAK
Bob Marley tidak hanya dikenal sebagai legenda musik reggae oleh publik namun juga
merupakan pengikut fanatik Rastafari atau yang dipanggil dengan Rastaman.Para pengikut
tersebut telah menganggap Marley sebagai nabi karena pengaruhnya pada kemajuan gerakan
Rastafari.Dia juga telah menyampaikan banyak pesan Rastafari tentang kesetaraan dan
kebebasan kepada orang-orang seluruh penjuru dunia melalui musik.Dan tesis ini berisi
konsep Rastaman tentang kesetaraan dan kebebasan yang tercermin dalam lagu-lagu pilihan
dari Marley.Di lagu-lagunya berjudul War, So Much Things to Say dan Exodus memiliki
makna konsep Rastaman tentang kesetaraan.Dan lagu-lagu lainya berjudul Zimbabwe, Africa
Unitedan RedemptionSongmemiliki makna konsep Rastaman tentang kebebasan.Tesis ini
menggunakan metode descriptive qualitative.Metode ini diterapkan dengan mendeskripsikan
data dan menganalisinya.Data tersebut diambil dari beberapa sumber tertulis, seperti bukubuku dan artikel-artikel dari internet untuk mendukung analisis ini.Analysis ini menggunakan
pendekatan intrinsik dan pendekatan ekstrinsik dan juga pendekatan historis.Tesis ini
menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis untuk mengetahui deskripsi tentang fenomena sosial
yang terjadi pada saat itu.Tesisinidiharapkandapatmemberikanpengetahuantentang konsep
Rastafari
tentang
kesetaraan
dan
kebebasan
tesisinijugadapatdigunakansebagaireferensikhususnyabagimahasiswa
tertarikuntukmempelajaridanmeneliti tentang materi tesis ini.
Kata Kunci: Rastafari, Equality, Freedom
untukpembaca.Dan
yang
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………….
i
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION……………………………………………………..
ii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION……………………………………………………
iii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….
iv
ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………………..
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………
1
1.1. Background of the Study……………………………………….
1
1.2. Problems of the Study…………………………………………..
5
1.3. Objectives of the Study………………………………………….
6
1.4. Scope of the Study……………………………………………. …
6
1.5. Significances of the Study…………………………………….…
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………
7
2.1. Rasta and Resistance by Horace Campbell ……………………
7
2.2. Bob Marley: The Spirit of Freedom by NandoBaskara………
12
2.3. From Slavery to Freedom by John Hope Franklin and
Alfred A. Moss, Jr………………………………………………. 14
2.4.Education, Equality and Human Rights; Issues of Gender, ’Race’,
Sexuality, disability and Social Class by Mike Cole……………... 18
2.5. Poetry as Literature……………………………………………..
21
2.5.1. Poetry-Song Connection……………………………………….
22
2.5.2. The Kind of Poetry………………………………………….…
23
2.5.3. The Aspects of Poetry………………………………………….
24
2.5.4. The Devices of Poetry………………………………………….
25
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARH………………………………………….
28
3.1. Research Design………………………………………………….
28
3.2. Data Collecting Procedure………………………………………
28
3.3. Data Selecting Procedure……………………………………….
29
3.4. Data Analyzing Procedure………………………………………
29
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS………………………………………
30
4.1. The Rastaman’s Concepts of Equality as reflected
in Bob Marley’s Selected Songs………………………………..
32
4.2. The Rastaman’s Concepts of Freedom as reflected
in Bob Marley’s Selected Songs……………………………….... 38
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……………………………
46
5.1. Conclusions………………………………………………….........
46
5.1.2. The Rastaman’s Concept of Equality…………………………
46
5.1.3. The Rastaman’s Concept of Freedom………………………..
46
5.2. Suggestions……………………………………………………….
47
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
REFLECTED IN BOB MARLEY’S SELECTED SONGS
A THESIS
BY
NANDA FAHRIZA BATUBARA
Reg. No: 100705082
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
THE RASTAMAN’S CONCEPTS OF EQUALITY AND FREEDOM AS
REFLECTED IN BOB MARLEY’S SELECTED SONGS
A THESIS
BY
NANDA FAHRIZA BATUBARA
Reg. No. 100705082
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S
Mahmud A. Albar, S.S, M.A
NIP. 19521229 197903 2 001
NIP.19820904 200501 1 002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of SarjanaSastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2015
Approved by the Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination.
Head,
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S
NIP. 195411171980031002
Secretary,
RahmadsyahRkt, M.A, Ph.D
NIP. 197502092008121002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of SarjanaSastra from Department of EnglishFaculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Juni 13, 2015
Dean of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. SyahronLubis, M.A
NIP. 1951101311976031001
Board of Examiners:
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.A
(
)
RahmadsyahRkt, M.A, Ph.D
(
)
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S
(
)
Dr. Siti Norma, M.S
(
)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the Name of Allah SWT the Gracious and the Merciful, I would like to
thank for give me the guidance, spirit, and ability during my study as well as the completion
of this thesis. Also shalawat and salam to Muhammad SAW, the holly prophet who had
brought the human being into the truth and the age of enlightenment. I would like to express
my sincere gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Dr. Syahron Lubis,
M.A, the Head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and the Secretary of
English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuty, M.A, Ph.D. And also my best gratitude and
thank to my supervisor, Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S, and my co supervisor, Mahmud A. Albar,
S.S, M.A, for the advices, the support and the patience. And I also would like to say thanks to
the lecturers for the valuable guidance, precious, thoughts and knowledge during my
academic years. In this special opportunity, I would like to express my special thanks to my
lovely family, my beloved mother, father and my brother for loves, patience and praying.
And my loves and thanks are due to all my friends who always support me during the time
composing this thesis. Finally, I would like to say thanks to abangda Eko Manurung for the
worth lesson and for the references books of this thesis.
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, NANDA FAHRIZA BATUBARA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF
THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR
EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE
QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK
HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF
THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
:
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: NANDA FAHRIZA BATUBARA
TITLE OF THESIS
: THE RASTAMAN’S CONCEPTS OF EQUALITY
AND FREEDOM AS REFLECTED IN BOB MARLEY’S
SELECTED SONGS
QUALIFICATION
: S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION
AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH,
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE
UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION
UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed
:
Date
:
ABSTRACT
Bob Marley is not only known as the legend of reggae music by public but also the fanatic
follower of Rastafari or called as Rastaman. The followers had claimed Marley as the prophet
because of his influences of Rastafari’s movement progress. He also had conveyed many
messages of Rastafari about equal rights and freedom for the people all over the world
through the music. And this thesis contains the Rastaman’s concept of equality and freedom
as reflected in Marley’s selected songs. In his songs entitled War, So Much Things to Say and
Exodus have meaning about the Rastaman’s concept of equality. And other songs entitled
Zimbabwe, Africa Unite and RedemptionSong have the meaning about the Rastaman’s
concept of freedom. This thesis uses the descriptive qualitative method. The method is
applied by describing the data and analyzing them. The data was taken from some written
sources, such as books and articles from internet to support this analysis. The analysis uses
intrinsic and extrinsic approach and also historical approach. The thesis uses the sociological
approach to know the description of the social phenomena that happened at the time. The
thesis is expected to provide knowledge about Rastafari’s concept of equality and freedom
for the readers. And this thesis also can be used as reference especially for the student who
interested to study and researches about the subject matter of the thesis.
Keywords: Rastaman, Equality, Freedom
ABSTRAK
Bob Marley tidak hanya dikenal sebagai legenda musik reggae oleh publik namun juga
merupakan pengikut fanatik Rastafari atau yang dipanggil dengan Rastaman.Para pengikut
tersebut telah menganggap Marley sebagai nabi karena pengaruhnya pada kemajuan gerakan
Rastafari.Dia juga telah menyampaikan banyak pesan Rastafari tentang kesetaraan dan
kebebasan kepada orang-orang seluruh penjuru dunia melalui musik.Dan tesis ini berisi
konsep Rastaman tentang kesetaraan dan kebebasan yang tercermin dalam lagu-lagu pilihan
dari Marley.Di lagu-lagunya berjudul War, So Much Things to Say dan Exodus memiliki
makna konsep Rastaman tentang kesetaraan.Dan lagu-lagu lainya berjudul Zimbabwe, Africa
Unitedan RedemptionSongmemiliki makna konsep Rastaman tentang kebebasan.Tesis ini
menggunakan metode descriptive qualitative.Metode ini diterapkan dengan mendeskripsikan
data dan menganalisinya.Data tersebut diambil dari beberapa sumber tertulis, seperti bukubuku dan artikel-artikel dari internet untuk mendukung analisis ini.Analysis ini menggunakan
pendekatan intrinsik dan pendekatan ekstrinsik dan juga pendekatan historis.Tesis ini
menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis untuk mengetahui deskripsi tentang fenomena sosial
yang terjadi pada saat itu.Tesisinidiharapkandapatmemberikanpengetahuantentang konsep
Rastafari
tentang
kesetaraan
dan
kebebasan
tesisinijugadapatdigunakansebagaireferensikhususnyabagimahasiswa
tertarikuntukmempelajaridanmeneliti tentang materi tesis ini.
Kata Kunci: Rastafari, Equality, Freedom
untukpembaca.Dan
yang
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………….
i
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION……………………………………………………..
ii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION……………………………………………………
iii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….
iv
ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………………..
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………
1
1.1. Background of the Study……………………………………….
1
1.2. Problems of the Study…………………………………………..
5
1.3. Objectives of the Study………………………………………….
6
1.4. Scope of the Study……………………………………………. …
6
1.5. Significances of the Study…………………………………….…
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………
7
2.1. Rasta and Resistance by Horace Campbell ……………………
7
2.2. Bob Marley: The Spirit of Freedom by NandoBaskara………
12
2.3. From Slavery to Freedom by John Hope Franklin and
Alfred A. Moss, Jr………………………………………………. 14
2.4.Education, Equality and Human Rights; Issues of Gender, ’Race’,
Sexuality, disability and Social Class by Mike Cole……………... 18
2.5. Poetry as Literature……………………………………………..
21
2.5.1. Poetry-Song Connection……………………………………….
22
2.5.2. The Kind of Poetry………………………………………….…
23
2.5.3. The Aspects of Poetry………………………………………….
24
2.5.4. The Devices of Poetry………………………………………….
25
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARH………………………………………….
28
3.1. Research Design………………………………………………….
28
3.2. Data Collecting Procedure………………………………………
28
3.3. Data Selecting Procedure……………………………………….
29
3.4. Data Analyzing Procedure………………………………………
29
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS………………………………………
30
4.1. The Rastaman’s Concepts of Equality as reflected
in Bob Marley’s Selected Songs………………………………..
32
4.2. The Rastaman’s Concepts of Freedom as reflected
in Bob Marley’s Selected Songs……………………………….... 38
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……………………………
46
5.1. Conclusions………………………………………………….........
46
5.1.2. The Rastaman’s Concept of Equality…………………………
46
5.1.3. The Rastaman’s Concept of Freedom………………………..
46
5.2. Suggestions……………………………………………………….
47
REFERENCES
APPENDICES