Evaluating and suggesting materials for Speaking IV students of the Secretarial Department of Widya Mandala Catholic University based on ESP approach - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER

I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Human

beings communicate with each

day. In order to fulfill their needs,

other

they use

every

language

as a means of communication. The language which is

used

in almost all over the world is English. Like any
language,

English

has

four

basic

other

writing,

skills:

reading,

listening and speaking. However,

language

needed in today·s world is mostly in the

It

area.
vacancy

can

be proved by reading

the

English

newspaper

in

the

many

companies

are looking for persons who are able to speak

perfectly

and

column of any newspapers where

oral

fluently in English. In line with the

Dawson

and

communication

his

friends

is

more

(1963:25)
frequent

state

and

idea

above,

that

oral

generally

more

valuable for social needs than written communication.

It

is because we live in globalization area in which we get
in
oral

touch with each other continuously.
communication

In other

is really important because

used for every day's activities such as public
business activities,

words,

it

is

affairs,

etc.

One of the jobs or professions which cl.aims

that

a

person

has to be able to speak English well

is

the

secretarial profession. It seems that the old myth which
said

that

a

attractive

woman

secretaries

has failed.
grown.

have

secretaries

need

Lee

orally.

secretary had to be a

to

and

be

beautiful

The demands

As

for

and

an

capable

consequence,

a

proficient

at

the

communicating

Garner (1988 : 8) point

out

that

a

secretary must speak like professional, meaning that she
has to organize her ideas and thought well so that
are

easily

understood

by other

Besides,

people.

talking about, specific topic related to her
travel arrangement,

they
in

proffesion

for instance, she will use

specific

register such as booking, packing out, availability, and
the like. Ray (1888:6) calls that communication as

such

proffesional communication.
Deriving
concludes

from

Ray's point of view,

that the secretarial

register. In other words,

the

world uses a

writer
specific

the English used in it is

for

specific purpose. Then what is actually the goal of

the

English teaching in the Secretarial Department of
Mandala

Catholic University ? The "Buku Pedoman of

Secretarial

Department" ( 1983/1984 : 10)

presents

Widya
the
the

objective of Speaking IV as follows:
·"murid-murid dapat berkomunikasi da.lam bahasa
Inggris dalam situasi kantor dan bisnis serta
dapat berdiskusi tentang masalah umum".

it is needless to say that the students

Thus,

department use English only as a means of
for specific purpose.
be

able

their
of

In fact,

of

communication

they are also expected to

to talk about general things

not

only

job. This fact has led Speaking course

the Secretarial Department to provide

with

this

lecturers

the

materials related to the subject. By

about

students

doing

this,

the students are expected to be able to use the language
to

get and to convey information associated with

their

secretarial duty.
The

idea

teaching

above proves that

materials

play an important role in the teaching-learning process.
In this teaching-learning
an

important

role

process,

as well.

the

They

have

teachers take
to

plan

speaking materials very carefully so that the
learning
target

process
optimally.

Secretarial
the

Economic

Secretarial
them

runs

to

produce

the

The

Department

teaching

and

teaching-

achieves

materials

are not the same as

Department,

since the

both in office

the

those

for

students

In this case,

the course

and

of

in

the

the

enable
business

designers

speclfic materials to meet

the

for

Department use the materials which

communicate

situation.

effectively

the

should

student's

needs.
Producing

the

specific

materials

for

the

Secretarial
English

Department

has

something

to

for Specific Purposes (ESP). The

do

ESP

with

approach

provides materials which are related to specialist study
and

focuses

Waters
have

(1987

7)

different

account,
to

on the learners'

needs.

Hutchinson

state that when the learners

needs

and

interest

are

into

motivation

and therefore on the effectiveness

learning.

which

taken

it would have an influence on their

learn

and

of

their

That is why speaking materials for the

sixth

semester students joining Speaking IV class have to meet
the students' needs as well.
In

writing

this

study,

the writer

has

some

considerations on choosing Speaking IV class students of
the

Secretarial Department as her subjects. First,

chooses
it.

the Speaking IV as it is the highest

To

Approach

the
at

Speaking IV class

that level since the

longer

beginners

fourth

level

that

the

Thirdly,
on

level

The other speaking levels are Speaking I,

III

the

in studying

she

can

has more specific materials

learners use English

for

and

apply

ESP

are

Secondly,
which

specific

as explained before that the approach
particular group of learners' needs,

in

II,

students

English.

she

no
the

means

purpose
focuses
then

the

writer wants to know what actually the Speaking IV class
students'

needs

are. For this purpose, she

.-;

evaluated

the

existing materials and gave suggestion what

with

those

to

do

materials based on the ESP Approach.

1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the reasons explained in the background,
the problems posed in this thesis are
1. What

are

the needs of the sixth

semester

students

joining Speaking IV in the Secretarial Department

of

Widya Mandala Catholic University ?
2. Do

the

present speaking materials

of the students
3. How

meet

the

needs

joining Speaking IV class?

can the speaking materials meet the Speaking

IV

students' needs?
1.3 Objective of the Study

Related
intended

to

to

identify the needs of the

joining

students
Department,

the problems stated, this

Speaking

IV

in

sixth
the

of

the Speaking IV students of

the

is

semester

Secretarial

evaluate the existing materials and

what to do with the material so that they
needs

study

suggest

can meet

the

Secretarial

Department.
1.4 Significance of the Study

The
will

give

writer hopes that the results of this
teachers the description of

the

study

designed

materials

based

on ESP Approach for the

teaching

of

speaking at the Secretarial Department. In addition,

it

is also hoped that the result can help speaking teac!1ers
with

some

needs

additional information about
that

so

design

the

they can provide the

learners·

materials

ways of teaching in line with the needs

Secretarl.al

of

and
the

Department Speaking IV students.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

Because

of the time limitation the

writer

has,

she feels necessary to limit the scope of this study

as

follows
a. The

language skill studied here is

speaking

skill,

especially of the level IV.
b. The

students needs being investigated are

the

ones

that are related to Speaking IV.
c. The

subjects of this study are the students

of

the

Speaking IV of the Secretarial Department.
d. The

study

is focused on evaluating

and

suggesting

speaking materials by using ESP Approach.

1.6 Theoretical Frameworks

There
The

are three theories underlying this

first

is

theory of speaking.

importance

of

speaking both in daily life and

/.

It

deals

study.

with

the

in

the

teaching

of English. The second is ESP Approach. It

concerned with students' needs.
the

writer

And from this

tried to find out what

the

is

approach,

needs

of

sixth semester students joining Speaking IV are,

the

so that

she can answer the problem statements of this study. The
third

is

Communicative

teaching

Approach

which

communication in English.

This

is

used

for

Communicative

Approach is also used in this study because the language
skill being studied here is speaking while the
focuses on
why

the

the language use

approach

for communication.

communicative approach

is also

That's

presented

to

back up this study.
1.7 Definition of the Key Terns

There are

some

terms that need further expla-

nation in order to enable the readers to understand them
when

they read this study. The terms to be defined

defining
analysis,

criteria,

~nig

matching,

subjective

analysis,

are

objective

speaking ability, and ESP Approach.

Crit~

According

defining

criteria

to Hutchinson and Waters (1987
means what basis

or

criteria

97)
the

materials will be judged.
~ctive

Analysi~

According

to Hutchinson and Waters (1987

/

97)

subjective

analysis

is the criteria

expected

by

the

students to be realized in this class.
Objective

Analysi~

According

objective

to Hutchinson and Waters (1887

analysis is the evaluation of

the

97)

materia.ls

realized the criteria.
Hatching_
According

matching

to Hutchinson and Waters (1887

is the process of how far material

:

97)'

match

the

students' needs.
~aking

Ability

Speaking,
of

American

opinion,

according to Webster's New Dictionaries

Language,

feeling,

is expressing

ideas,

etc by talking.

according

to

Webster's

competence

in

doing. Thus,

competence

in

feelings,

ideas,

or

Third

communicating

ability

While

Dictionaries

is

a

speaking ability means the

expressing or

communicating

opinion,

etc by talking.

E.s.E'........AQ.Qroach
Tom Hutchinson and Alan Waters (1887

:21) propose

that ESP is an approach to language teaching which

aims

at meeting the needs of particular learners.

1.8 Organization of the Thesis
This thesis is divided into five parts. They

are

introduction,
speaking

materials,

conclusion
makes

review of related literature,
findings and

evaluating

interpretation,

and suggestion. Chapter I talks

about

the writer want to do this study, the purpose

the study,

study elaborated from the

Chapter

III

deals

with

the

theoretical
research

Chapter IV discusses findings and their
Chapter

V

what
of

the supporting theories, and the organization

of the study. Chapter II presents the basic theories
the

and

presents

the summary

suggestion given by the writer.

of

of

frameworks.
methodology.

interpretation.
the

study

and